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Sinnott-Armstrong MA, Middleton R, Ogawa Y, Jacucci G, Moyroud E, Glover BJ, Rudall PJ, Vignolini S, Donoghue MJ. Multiple origins of lipid-based structural colors contribute to a gradient of fruit colors in Viburnum (Adoxaceae). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:643-655. [PMID: 36229924 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Structural color is poorly known in plants relative to animals. In fruits, only a handful of cases have been described, including in Viburnum tinus where the blue color results from a disordered multilayered reflector made of lipid droplets. Here, we examine the broader evolutionary context of fruit structural color across the genus Viburnum. We obtained fresh and herbarium fruit material from 30 Viburnum species spanning the phylogeny and used transmission electron microscopy, optical simulations, and ancestral state reconstruction to identify the presence/absence of photonic structures in each species, understand the mechanism producing structural color in newly identified species, relate the development of cell wall structure to reflectance in Viburnum dentatum, and describe the evolution of cell wall architecture across Viburnum. We identify at least two (possibly three) origins of blue fruit color in Viburnum in species which produce large photonic structures made of lipid droplets embedded in the cell wall and which reflect blue light. Examining the full spectrum of mechanisms producing color in pl, including structural color as well as pigments, will yield further insights into the diversity, ecology, and evolution of fruit color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda A Sinnott-Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208106, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Rox Middleton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Av, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Yu Ogawa
- CERMAV, CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Gianni Jacucci
- UMR 8552, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure-Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Edwige Moyroud
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 ILR, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Beverley J Glover
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | | | - Silvia Vignolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Michael J Donoghue
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208106, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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Clinal versus disruptive latitudinal variation in fruit traits of a South American mistletoe. Oecologia 2022; 200:397-411. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05282-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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3
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Fruit secondary metabolites shape seed dispersal effectiveness. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:1113-1123. [PMID: 34509316 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) play a central role in seed dispersal and fruit defense, with potential for large impacts on plant fitness and demography. Yet because PSMs can have multiple interactive functions across seed dispersal stages, we must systematically study their effects to determine the net consequences for plant fitness. To tackle this issue, we integrate the role of fruit PSMs into the seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE) framework. We describe PSM effects on the quantity and quality of animal-mediated seed dispersal, both in pairwise interactions and diverse disperser communities, as well as trade-offs that occur across dispersal stages. By doing so, this review provides structure to a rapidly growing field and yields insights into a critical process shaping plant populations.
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Rojas TN, Bruzzone OA, Zampini IC, Isla MI, Blendinger PG. A combination of rules govern fruit trait preference by frugivorous bat and bird species: nutrients, defence and size. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Sinnott-Armstrong MA, Donoghue MJ, Jetz WJ. Dispersers and environment drive global variation in fruit colour syndromes. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1387-1399. [PMID: 33908685 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The colours of fleshy fruits play a critical role in plant dispersal by advertising ripe fruits to consumers. Fruit colours have long been classified into syndromes attributed to selection by animal dispersers, despite weak evidence for this hypothesis. Here, we test the relative importance of biotic (bird and mammal frugivory) and abiotic (wet season temperatures, growing season length and UV-B radiation) factors in determining fruit colour syndrome in 3163 species of fleshy-fruited plants. We find that both dispersers and environment are important, and they interact. In warm areas, contrastive, bird-associated fruit colours increase with relative bird frugivore prevalence, whereas in cold places these colours dominate even where mammalian dispersers are prevalent. We present near-global maps of predicted fruit colour syndrome based on our species-level model and our newly developed characterisations of relative importance of bird and mammal frugivores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J Donoghue
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Walter J Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Pizo MA, Morales JM, Ovaskainen O, Carlo TA. Frugivory Specialization in Birds and Fruit Chemistry Structure Mutualistic Networks across the Neotropics. Am Nat 2021; 197:236-249. [PMID: 33523785 DOI: 10.1086/712381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe interaction between fruit chemistry and the physiological traits of frugivores is expected to shape the structure of mutualistic seed dispersal networks, but it has been understudied compared with the role of morphological trait matching in structuring interaction patterns. For instance, highly frugivorous birds (i.e., birds that have fruits as the main component of their diets), which characteristically have fast gut passage times, are expected to avoid feeding on lipid-rich fruits because of the long gut retention times associated with lipid digestion. Here, we compiled data from 84 studies conducted in the Neotropics that used focal plant methods to record 35,815 feeding visits made by 317 bird species (155 genera in 28 families) to 165 plant species (82 genera in 48 families). We investigated the relationship between the degree of frugivory of birds (i.e., how much of their diet is composed of fruit) at the genus level and their visits to plant genera that vary in fruit lipid content. We used a hierarchical modeling of species communities approach that accounted for the effects of differences in body size, bird and plant phylogeny, and spatial location of study sites. We found that birds with a low degree of frugivory (e.g., predominantly insectivores) tend to have the highest increase in visitation rates as fruits become more lipid rich, while birds that are more frugivorous tend to increase visits at a lower rate or even decrease visitation rates as lipids increase in fruits. This balance between degree of frugivory and visitation rates to lipid-poor and lipid-rich fruits provides a mechanism to explain specialized dispersal systems and the occurrence of certain physiological nutritional filters, ultimately helping us to understand community-wide interaction patterns between birds and plants.
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Pizo MA, Fontanella ABA, Canassa G, Espíndola WD, Gussoni COA, de C Guaraldo A, Carlo TA. Decoding Darwin's puzzle: avian dispersal of mimetic seeds. Ecology 2020; 101:e03005. [PMID: 32020583 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Pizo
- Department of Zoology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio B A Fontanella
- Department of Zoology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Canassa
- Department of Zoology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Walter D Espíndola
- Biology Department & Ecology Program, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Carlos O A Gussoni
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Rua 12-B, 621, Vila Indaiá, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-746, Brazil
| | - André de C Guaraldo
- Zoology Department, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Tomás A Carlo
- Biology Department & Ecology Program, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
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Sinnott-Armstrong MA, Lee C, Clement WL, Donoghue MJ. Fruit syndromes in Viburnum: correlated evolution of color, nutritional content, and morphology in bird-dispersed fleshy fruits. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:7. [PMID: 31931711 PMCID: PMC6956505 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PREMISE A key question in plant dispersal via animal vectors is where and why fruit colors vary between species and how color relates to other fruit traits. To better understand the factors shaping the evolution of fruit color diversity, we tested for the existence of syndromes of traits (color, morphology, and nutrition) in the fruits of Viburnum. We placed these results in a larger phylogenetic context and reconstructed ancestral states to assess how Viburnum fruit traits have evolved across the clade. RESULTS We find that blue Viburnum fruits are not very juicy, and have high lipid content and large, round endocarps surrounded by a small quantity of pulp. Red fruits display the opposite suite of traits: they are very juicy with low lipid content and smaller, flatter endocarps. The ancestral Viburnum fruit may have gone through a sequence of color changes before maturation (green to yellow to red to black), though our reconstructions are equivocal. In one major clade of Viburnum (Nectarotinus), fruits mature synchronously with reduced intermediate color stages. Most transitions between fruit colors occurred in this synchronously fruiting clade. CONCLUSIONS It is widely accepted that fruit trait diversity has primarily been driven by the differing perceptual abilities of bird versus mammal frugivores. Yet within a clade of largely bird-dispersed fruits, we find clear correlations between color, morphology, and nutrition. These correlations are likely driven by a shift from sequential to synchronous development, followed by diversification in color, nutrition, and morphology. A deeper understanding of fruit evolution within clades will elucidate the degree to which such syndromes structure extant fruit diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda A. Sinnott-Armstrong
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado—Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Chong Lee
- Department of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881 USA
| | - Wendy L. Clement
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA
| | - Michael J. Donoghue
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
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10
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Lenhart PA. Using plant nutrient landscapes to assess Anthropocene effects on insect herbivores. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 23:51-58. [PMID: 29129282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change will dramatically affect insect herbivores through changes in plant quality. Linking how multiple climate factors affect plant macronutrient content may be the most accurate way to understand the response of insect herbivores. Studies should embrace the complexity of interacting climate factors in natural systems and characterize shifts in multidimensional plant nutrient landscapes. This nutrient landscape simplifies interpretation of climate effects, although selection of appropriate currencies, scale, and interactions with allelochemicals present challenges. By assessing climate change through the filter of nutrient landscapes we could gain an understanding of how complex interacting climate change drivers affect the 'buffet' available to different insect herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Lenhart
- S-225 Agricultural Science Center N, Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
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11
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Corlett RT. Frugivory and seed dispersal by vertebrates in tropical and subtropical Asia: An update. Glob Ecol Conserv 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Ordano M, Blendinger PG, Lomáscolo SB, Chacoff NP, Sánchez MS, Núñez Montellano MG, Jiménez J, Ruggera RA, Valoy M. The role of trait combination in the conspicuousness of fruit display among bird‐dispersed plants. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Ordano
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (UEL) Fundación Miguel Lillo (FML) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Miguel Lillo 251 San Miguel de Tucumán T4000JFE Tucumán Argentina
- Fundación Miguel Lillo Miguel Lillo 251 San Miguel de Tucumán T4000JFE Tucumán Argentina
| | - Pedro G. Blendinger
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER) Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Yerba Buena CC 34, 4107 Tucumán Argentina
| | - Silvia B. Lomáscolo
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER) Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Yerba Buena CC 34, 4107 Tucumán Argentina
| | - Natacha P. Chacoff
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER) Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Yerba Buena CC 34, 4107 Tucumán Argentina
| | - Mariano S. Sánchez
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS) nodo Iguazú Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Bertoni 85 Puerto Iguazú N3370BFA Misiones Argentina
| | - María G. Núñez Montellano
- Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA (IBIGEO) Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) 9 de Julio 14 Rosario de Lerma A4405BBB Salta Argentina
| | - Julieta Jiménez
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER) Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Yerba Buena CC 34, 4107 Tucumán Argentina
| | - Román A. Ruggera
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA) Universidad Nacional de Jujuy (UNJu) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Alberdi 47 San Salvador de Jujuy Y4600DTA Jujuy Argentina
| | - Mariana Valoy
- Fundación Miguel Lillo Miguel Lillo 251 San Miguel de Tucumán T4000JFE Tucumán Argentina
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Does flower and fruit conspicuousness affect plant fitness? Contrast, color coupling and the interplay of pollination and seed dispersal in two Vaccinium species. Evol Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-016-9864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Renoult JP, Kelber A, Schaefer HM. Colour spaces in ecology and evolutionary biology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 92:292-315. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien P. Renoult
- Institute of Arts Creations Theories & Aesthetics, CNRS-University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne; 47 r. des bergers 75015 Paris France
| | - Almut Kelber
- Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology; Lund University; Helgonavägen 3 22362 Lund Sweden
| | - H. Martin Schaefer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg; Hauptstrasse 1 79104 Freiburg Germany
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