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Ren L, Charbord J, Chu L, Kemas AM, Bertuzzi M, Mi J, Xing C, Lauschke VM, Andersson O. Adjudin improves beta cell maturation, hepatic glucose uptake and glucose homeostasis. Diabetologia 2024; 67:137-155. [PMID: 37843554 PMCID: PMC10709271 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Recovering functional beta cell mass is a promising approach for future diabetes therapies. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of adjudin, a small molecule identified in a beta cell screen using zebrafish, on pancreatic beta cells and diabetes conditions in mice and human spheroids. METHODS In zebrafish, insulin expression was examined by bioluminescence and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), glucose levels were examined by direct measurements and distribution using a fluorescent glucose analogue, and calcium activity in beta cells was analysed by in vivo live imaging. Pancreatic islets of wild-type postnatal day 0 (P0) and 3-month-old (adult) mice, as well as adult db/db mice (i.e. BKS(D)-Leprdb/JOrlRj), were cultured in vitro and analysed by qPCR, glucose stimulated insulin secretion and whole mount staining. RNA-seq was performed for islets of P0 and db/db mice. For in vivo assessment, db/db mice were treated with adjudin and subjected to analysis of metabolic variables and islet cells. Glucose consumption was examined in primary human hepatocyte spheroids. RESULTS Adjudin treatment increased insulin expression and calcium response to glucose in beta cells and decreased glucose levels after beta cell ablation in zebrafish. Adjudin led to improved beta cell function, decreased beta cell proliferation and glucose responsive insulin secretion by decreasing basal insulin secretion in in vitro cultured newborn mouse islets. RNA-seq of P0 islets indicated that adjudin treatment resulted in increased glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function, as well as downstream signalling pathways involved in insulin secretion. In islets from db/db mice cultured in vitro, adjudin treatment strengthened beta cell identity and insulin secretion. RNA-seq of db/db islets indicated adjudin-upregulated genes associated with insulin secretion, membrane ion channel activity and exocytosis. Moreover, adjudin promoted glucose uptake in the liver of zebrafish in an insulin-independent manner, and similarly promoted glucose consumption in primary human hepatocyte spheroids with insulin resistance. In vivo studies using db/db mice revealed reduced nonfasting blood glucose, improved glucose tolerance and strengthened beta cell identity after adjudin treatment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Adjudin promoted functional maturation of immature islets, improved function of dysfunctional islets, stimulated glucose uptake in liver and improved glucose homeostasis in db/db mice. Thus, the multifunctional drug adjudin, previously studied in various contexts and conditions, also shows promise in the management of diabetic states. DATA AVAILABILITY Raw and processed RNA-seq data for this study have been deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus under accession number GSE235398 ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE235398 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Ren
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jérémie Charbord
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lianhe Chu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aurino M Kemas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Bertuzzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiarui Mi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chen Xing
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olov Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wu LX, Xu YC, Pantopoulos K, Tan XY, Wei XL, Zheng H, Luo Z. Glycophagy mediated glucose-induced changes of hepatic glycogen metabolism via OGT1-AKT1-FOXO1Ser238 pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 117:109337. [PMID: 36990368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Glycophagy is the autophagy degradation of glycogen. However, the regulatory mechanisms for glycophagy and glucose metabolism remain unexplored. Herein, we demonstrated that high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) and high glucose (HG) incubation induced glycogen accumulation, AKT1 expression and AKT1-dependent phosphorylation of forkhead transcription factor O1 (FOXO1) at Ser238 in the liver tissues and hepatocytes. The glucose-induced FOXO1 phosphorylation at Ser238 prevents FOXO1 entry into the nucleus and the recruitment to the gabarapl1 promoter, reduces the gabarapl1 promoter activity, and inhibits glycophagy and glucose production. The glucose-dependent O-GlcNAcylation of AKT1 by OGT1 enhances the stability of AKT1 protein and promotes its binding with FOXO1. Moreover, the glycosylation of AKT1 is crucial for promoting FOXO1 nuclear translocation and inhibiting glycophagy. Our studies elucidate a novel mechanism for glycophagy inhibition by high carbohydrate and glucose via OGT1-AKT1-FOXO1Ser238 pathway in the liver tissues and hepatocytes, which provides critical insights into potential intervention strategies for glycogen storage disorders in vertebrates, as well as human beings.
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KCNH6 Enhanced Hepatic Glucose Metabolism through Mitochondrial Ca2+ Regulation and Oxidative Stress Inhibition. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3739556. [PMID: 36217412 PMCID: PMC9547380 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3739556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
KCNH6 has been proven to affect glucose metabolism and insulin secretion both in humans and mice. Further study revealed that Kcnh6 knockout (KO) mice showed impaired glucose tolerance. However, the precise function of KCNH6 in the liver remains unknown. Mitochondria have been suggested to maintain intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis; ROS generation and defective mitochondria can cause glucose metabolism disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we found that Kcnh6 attenuated glucose metabolism disorders by decreasing PEPCK and G6pase abundance and induced Glut2 and IRS2 expression. Overexpression of Kcnh6 increased hepatic glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. Kcnh6 attenuated intracellular and mitochondrial calcium levels in primary hepatocytes and reduced intracellular ROS and mitochondrial superoxide production. Kcnh6 suppressed oxidative stress by inhibiting mitochondrial pathway activation and NADPH oxidase expression. Experiments demonstrated that Kcnh6 expression improved hepatic glucose metabolism disorder through the c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38MAPK signaling pathways. These results were confirmed by experiments evaluating the extent to which forced Kcnh6 expression rescued metabolic disorder in KO mice. In conclusion, KCNH6 enhanced hepatic glucose metabolism by regulating mitochondrial Ca2+ levels and inhibiting oxidative stress. As liver glucose metabolism is key to T2D, understanding KCNH6 functions may provide new insights into the causes of diabetes.
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A Micro-Scale Analytical Method for Determining Glycogen Turnover by NMR and FTMS. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080760. [PMID: 36005633 PMCID: PMC9415681 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen is a readily deployed intracellular energy storage macromolecule composed of branched chains of glucose anchored to the protein glycogenin. Although glycogen primarily occurs in the liver and muscle, it is found in most tissues, and its metabolism has been shown to be important in cancers and immune cells. Robust analysis of glycogen turnover requires stable isotope tracing plus a reliable means of quantifying total and labeled glycogen derived from precursors such as 13C6-glucose. Current methods for analyzing glycogen are time- and sample-consuming, at best semi-quantitative, and unable to measure stable isotope enrichment. Here we describe a microscale method for quantifying both intact and acid-hydrolyzed glycogen by ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometric (UHR-FTMS) and/or NMR analysis in stable isotope resolved metabolomics (SIRM) studies. Polar metabolites, including intact glycogen and their 13C positional isotopomer distributions, are first measured in crude biological extracts by high resolution NMR, followed by rapid and efficient acid hydrolysis to glucose under N2 in a focused beam microwave reactor, with subsequent analysis by UHR-FTMS and/or NMR. We optimized the microwave digestion time, temperature, and oxygen purging in terms of recovery versus degradation and found 10 min at 110−115 °C to give >90% recovery. The method was applied to track the fate of 13C6-glucose in primary human lung BEAS-2B cells, human macrophages, murine liver and patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) in vivo, and the fate of 2H7-glucose in ex vivo lung organotypic tissue cultures of a lung cancer patient. We measured the incorporation of 13C6-glucose into glycogen and its metabolic intermediates, UDP-Glucose and glucose-1-phosphate, to demonstrate the utility of the method in tracing glycogen turnover in cells and tissues. The method offers a quantitative, sensitive, and convenient means to analyze glycogen turnover in mg amounts of complex biological materials.
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Kim KT, Oh JY, Park S, Kim SM, Benjamin P, Park IH, Chun KH, Chang YT, Cha HJ. Live isolation of naïve ESCs via distinct glucose metabolism and stored glycogen. Metab Eng 2022; 72:97-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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DeVree BT, Steiner LM, Głazowska S, Ruhnow F, Herburger K, Persson S, Mravec J. Current and future advances in fluorescence-based visualization of plant cell wall components and cell wall biosynthetic machineries. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:78. [PMID: 33781321 PMCID: PMC8008654 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell wall-derived biomass serves as a renewable source of energy and materials with increasing importance. The cell walls are biomacromolecular assemblies defined by a fine arrangement of different classes of polysaccharides, proteoglycans, and aromatic polymers and are one of the most complex structures in Nature. One of the most challenging tasks of cell biology and biomass biotechnology research is to image the structure and organization of this complex matrix, as well as to visualize the compartmentalized, multiplayer biosynthetic machineries that build the elaborate cell wall architecture. Better knowledge of the plant cells, cell walls, and whole tissue is essential for bioengineering efforts and for designing efficient strategies of industrial deconstruction of the cell wall-derived biomass and its saccharification. Cell wall-directed molecular probes and analysis by light microscopy, which is capable of imaging with a high level of specificity, little sample processing, and often in real time, are important tools to understand cell wall assemblies. This review provides a comprehensive overview about the possibilities for fluorescence label-based imaging techniques and a variety of probing methods, discussing both well-established and emerging tools. Examples of applications of these tools are provided. We also list and discuss the advantages and limitations of the methods. Specifically, we elaborate on what are the most important considerations when applying a particular technique for plants, the potential for future development, and how the plant cell wall field might be inspired by advances in the biomedical and general cell biology fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T DeVree
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lisa M Steiner
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sylwia Głazowska
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Felix Ruhnow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Klaus Herburger
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Staffan Persson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jozef Mravec
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Chahal N, Geethadevi A, Kaur S, Lakra R, Nagendra A, Shrivastav TG, De Pascali F, Reiter E, Crépieux P, Devi MG, Malhotra N, Muralidhar K, Singh R. Direct impact of gonadotropins on glucose uptake and storage in preovulatory granulosa cells: Implications in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism 2021; 115:154458. [PMID: 33278413 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often associated with higher levels of LH, and arrested ovarian follicular growth. The direct impact of high LH on FSH mediated metabolic responses in PCOS patients is not clearly understood. METHOD In order to investigate the impact of FSH and LH on glucose metabolism in preovulatory granulosa cells (GCs), we used [U14C]-2 deoxyglucose, D-[U14C]-glucose or 2-NBD glucose to analyse glucose uptake and its incorporation into glycogen. To reproduce the high androgenic potential in PCOS patients, we administered hCG both in vitro and in vivo. The role of IRS-2/PI3K/Akt2 pathway was studied after knockdown with specific siRNA. Immunoprecipitation and specific assays were used for the assessment of IRS-2, glycogen synthase and protein phosphatase 1. Furthermore, we examined the in vivo effects of hCG on FSH mediated glycogen increase in normal and PCOS rat model. HEK293 cells co-expressing FSHR and LHR were used to demonstrate glucose uptake and BRET change by FSH and hCG. RESULTS In normal human and rat granulosa cells, FSH is more potent than hCG in stimulating glucose uptake, however glycogen synthesis was significantly upregulated only by FSH through increase in activity of glycogen synthase via IRS-2/PI3K/Akt2 pathway. On the contrary, an impaired FSH-stimulated glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in granulosa cells of PCOS-patients indicated a selective defect in FSHR activation. Further, in normal human granulosa cells, and in immature rat model, the impact of hCG on FSH responses was such that it inhibited the FSH-mediated glucose uptake as well as glycogen synthesis through inhibition of FSH-stimulated IRS-2 expression. These findings were further validated in HEK293 cells overexpressing Flag-LHR and HA-FSHR, where high hCG inhibited the FSH-stimulated glucose uptake. Notably, an increased BRET change was observed in HEK293 cells expressing FSHR-Rluc8 and LHR-Venus possibly suggesting increased heteromerization of LHR and FSHR in the presence of both hCG and FSH in comparison to FSH or hCG alone. CONCLUSION Our findings confirm a selective attenuation of metabolic responses to FSH such as glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis by high activation level of LHR leading to the inhibition of IRS-2 pathway, resulting in depleted glycogen stores and follicular growth arrest in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Chahal
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Geethadevi
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA
| | - Surleen Kaur
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India; Ferticity Fertility Clinics, Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Lakra
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Nagendra
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - T G Shrivastav
- National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Delhi, India
| | - Francesco De Pascali
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRAE UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Eric Reiter
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRAE UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRAE UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Neena Malhotra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - K Muralidhar
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rita Singh
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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Khan T, Sullivan MA, Gunter JH, Kryza T, Lyons N, He Y, Hooper JD. Revisiting Glycogen in Cancer: A Conspicuous and Targetable Enabler of Malignant Transformation. Front Oncol 2020; 10:592455. [PMID: 33224887 PMCID: PMC7667517 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.592455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Once thought to be exclusively a storage hub for glucose, glycogen is now known to be essential in a range of physiological processes and pathological conditions. Glycogen lies at the nexus of diverse processes that promote malignancy, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance of cancer cells. It is also implicated in processes associated with the tumor microenvironment such as immune cell effector function and crosstalk with cancer-associated fibroblasts to promote metastasis. The enzymes of glycogen metabolism are dysregulated in a wide variety of malignancies, including cancers of the kidney, ovary, lung, bladder, liver, blood, and breast. Understanding and targeting glycogen metabolism in cancer presents a promising but under-explored therapeutic avenue. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the role of glycogen in cancer progression and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tashbib Khan
- Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Mitchell A. Sullivan
- Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer H. Gunter
- Faculty of Health, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas Lyons
- Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Yaowu He
- Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - John D. Hooper
- Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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Lee D, Du J, Yu R, Su Y, Heath JR, Wei L. Visualizing Subcellular Enrichment of Glycogen in Live Cancer Cells by Stimulated Raman Scattering. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13182-13191. [PMID: 32907318 PMCID: PMC10676777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen, a branched glucose polymer, helps regulate glucose homeostasis through immediate storage and release of glucose. Reprogramming of glycogen metabolism has recently been suggested to play an emerging role in cancer progression and tumorigenesis. However, regulation of metabolic rewiring for glycogen synthesis and breakdown in cancer cells remains less understood. Despite the availability of various glycogen detection methods, selective visualization of glycogen in living cells with high spatial resolution has proven to be highly challenging. Here, we present an optical imaging strategy to visualize glycogen in live cancer cells with minimal perturbation by combining stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with metabolic incorporation of deuterium-labeled glucose. We revealed the subcellular enrichment of glycogen in live cancer cells and achieved specific glycogen mapping through distinct spectral identification. Using this method, different glycogen metabolic phenotypes were characterized in a series of patient-derived BRAF mutant melanoma cell lines. Our results indicate that cell lines manifesting high glycogen storage level showed increased tolerance to glucose deficiency among the studied melanoma phenotypes. This method opens up the possibility for noninvasive study of complex glycogen metabolism at subcellular resolution and may help reveal new features of glycogen regulation in cancer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongkwan Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Jiajun Du
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Rona Yu
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Yapeng Su
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Institute of Systems Biology, 501 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109-5263, USA
| | - James R. Heath
- Institute of Systems Biology, 501 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109-5263, USA
| | - Lu Wei
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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Khan T, He Y, Kryza T, Harrington BS, Gunter JH, Sullivan MA, Cuda T, Rogers R, Davies CM, Broomfield A, Gough M, Wu AC, McGann T, Weroha SJ, Haluska P, Forbes JM, Armes JE, Barry SC, Coward JI, Jagasia N, Chetty N, Snell CE, Lourie R, Perrin LC, Hooper JD. Disruption of Glycogen Utilization Markedly Improves the Efficacy of Carboplatin against Preclinical Models of Clear Cell Ovarian Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E869. [PMID: 32260077 PMCID: PMC7226162 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High stage and recurrent ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCC) are associated with poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. A distinguishing histological feature of OCC is abundant cytoplasmic stores of glucose, in the form of glycogen, that can be mobilized for cellular metabolism. Here, we report the effect on preclinical models of OCC of disrupting glycogen utilization using the glucose analogue 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG). At concentrations significantly lower than previously reported for other cancers, 2DG markedly improves the efficacy in vitro of carboplatin chemotherapy against chemo-sensitive TOV21G and chemo-resistant OVTOKO OCC cell lines, and this is accompanied by the depletion of glycogen. Of note, 2DG doses-of more than 10-fold lower than previously reported for other cancers-significantly improve the efficacy of carboplatin against cell line and patient-derived xenograft models in mice that mimic the chemo-responsiveness of OCC. These findings are encouraging, in that 2DG doses, which are substantially lower than previously reported to cause adverse events in cancer patients, can safely and significantly improve the efficacy of carboplatin against OCC. Our results thus justify clinical trials to evaluate whether low dose 2DG improves the efficacy of carboplatin in OCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tashbib Khan
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (B.S.H.); (M.A.S.); (T.C.); (R.R.); (C.M.D.); (A.C.W.); (T.M.); (J.M.F.); (J.E.A.); (S.C.B.); (J.I.C.); (C.E.S.); (R.L.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Yaowu He
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (B.S.H.); (M.A.S.); (T.C.); (R.R.); (C.M.D.); (A.C.W.); (T.M.); (J.M.F.); (J.E.A.); (S.C.B.); (J.I.C.); (C.E.S.); (R.L.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Thomas Kryza
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (B.S.H.); (M.A.S.); (T.C.); (R.R.); (C.M.D.); (A.C.W.); (T.M.); (J.M.F.); (J.E.A.); (S.C.B.); (J.I.C.); (C.E.S.); (R.L.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Brittney S. Harrington
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (B.S.H.); (M.A.S.); (T.C.); (R.R.); (C.M.D.); (A.C.W.); (T.M.); (J.M.F.); (J.E.A.); (S.C.B.); (J.I.C.); (C.E.S.); (R.L.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Jennifer H. Gunter
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Mitchell A. Sullivan
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (B.S.H.); (M.A.S.); (T.C.); (R.R.); (C.M.D.); (A.C.W.); (T.M.); (J.M.F.); (J.E.A.); (S.C.B.); (J.I.C.); (C.E.S.); (R.L.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Tahleesa Cuda
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (B.S.H.); (M.A.S.); (T.C.); (R.R.); (C.M.D.); (A.C.W.); (T.M.); (J.M.F.); (J.E.A.); (S.C.B.); (J.I.C.); (C.E.S.); (R.L.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Rebecca Rogers
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (B.S.H.); (M.A.S.); (T.C.); (R.R.); (C.M.D.); (A.C.W.); (T.M.); (J.M.F.); (J.E.A.); (S.C.B.); (J.I.C.); (C.E.S.); (R.L.); (L.C.P.)
- Mater Brisbane Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (A.B.); (M.G.); (N.J.); (N.C.)
| | - Claire M. Davies
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (B.S.H.); (M.A.S.); (T.C.); (R.R.); (C.M.D.); (A.C.W.); (T.M.); (J.M.F.); (J.E.A.); (S.C.B.); (J.I.C.); (C.E.S.); (R.L.); (L.C.P.)
- Mater Brisbane Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (A.B.); (M.G.); (N.J.); (N.C.)
| | - Amy Broomfield
- Mater Brisbane Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (A.B.); (M.G.); (N.J.); (N.C.)
| | - Madeline Gough
- Mater Brisbane Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (A.B.); (M.G.); (N.J.); (N.C.)
| | - Andy C. Wu
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (B.S.H.); (M.A.S.); (T.C.); (R.R.); (C.M.D.); (A.C.W.); (T.M.); (J.M.F.); (J.E.A.); (S.C.B.); (J.I.C.); (C.E.S.); (R.L.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Thomas McGann
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (B.S.H.); (M.A.S.); (T.C.); (R.R.); (C.M.D.); (A.C.W.); (T.M.); (J.M.F.); (J.E.A.); (S.C.B.); (J.I.C.); (C.E.S.); (R.L.); (L.C.P.)
| | - S. John Weroha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.J.W.); (P.H.)
| | - Paul Haluska
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.J.W.); (P.H.)
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Josephine M. Forbes
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (B.S.H.); (M.A.S.); (T.C.); (R.R.); (C.M.D.); (A.C.W.); (T.M.); (J.M.F.); (J.E.A.); (S.C.B.); (J.I.C.); (C.E.S.); (R.L.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Jane E. Armes
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (B.S.H.); (M.A.S.); (T.C.); (R.R.); (C.M.D.); (A.C.W.); (T.M.); (J.M.F.); (J.E.A.); (S.C.B.); (J.I.C.); (C.E.S.); (R.L.); (L.C.P.)
- Mater Brisbane Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (A.B.); (M.G.); (N.J.); (N.C.)
| | - Sinead C. Barry
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (B.S.H.); (M.A.S.); (T.C.); (R.R.); (C.M.D.); (A.C.W.); (T.M.); (J.M.F.); (J.E.A.); (S.C.B.); (J.I.C.); (C.E.S.); (R.L.); (L.C.P.)
- Mater Brisbane Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (A.B.); (M.G.); (N.J.); (N.C.)
| | - Jermaine I. Coward
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (B.S.H.); (M.A.S.); (T.C.); (R.R.); (C.M.D.); (A.C.W.); (T.M.); (J.M.F.); (J.E.A.); (S.C.B.); (J.I.C.); (C.E.S.); (R.L.); (L.C.P.)
- ICON Cancer Care, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Nisha Jagasia
- Mater Brisbane Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (A.B.); (M.G.); (N.J.); (N.C.)
| | - Naven Chetty
- Mater Brisbane Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (A.B.); (M.G.); (N.J.); (N.C.)
| | - Cameron E. Snell
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (B.S.H.); (M.A.S.); (T.C.); (R.R.); (C.M.D.); (A.C.W.); (T.M.); (J.M.F.); (J.E.A.); (S.C.B.); (J.I.C.); (C.E.S.); (R.L.); (L.C.P.)
- Mater Brisbane Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (A.B.); (M.G.); (N.J.); (N.C.)
| | - Rohan Lourie
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (B.S.H.); (M.A.S.); (T.C.); (R.R.); (C.M.D.); (A.C.W.); (T.M.); (J.M.F.); (J.E.A.); (S.C.B.); (J.I.C.); (C.E.S.); (R.L.); (L.C.P.)
- Mater Brisbane Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (A.B.); (M.G.); (N.J.); (N.C.)
| | - Lewis C. Perrin
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (B.S.H.); (M.A.S.); (T.C.); (R.R.); (C.M.D.); (A.C.W.); (T.M.); (J.M.F.); (J.E.A.); (S.C.B.); (J.I.C.); (C.E.S.); (R.L.); (L.C.P.)
- Mater Brisbane Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (A.B.); (M.G.); (N.J.); (N.C.)
| | - John D. Hooper
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (B.S.H.); (M.A.S.); (T.C.); (R.R.); (C.M.D.); (A.C.W.); (T.M.); (J.M.F.); (J.E.A.); (S.C.B.); (J.I.C.); (C.E.S.); (R.L.); (L.C.P.)
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11
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Bragato C, Carra S, Blasevich F, Salerno F, Brix A, Bassi A, Beltrame M, Cotelli F, Maggi L, Mantegazza R, Mora M. Glycogen storage in a zebrafish Pompe disease model is reduced by 3-BrPA treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165662. [PMID: 31917327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease (PD) is an autosomal recessive muscular disorder caused by deficiency of the glycogen hydrolytic enzyme acid α-glucosidase (GAA). The enzyme replacement therapy, currently the only available therapy for PD patients, is efficacious in improving cardiomyopathy in the infantile form, but not equally effective in the late onset cases with involvement of skeletal muscle. Correction of the skeletal muscle phenotype has indeed been challenging, probably due to concomitant dysfunctional autophagy. The increasing attention to the pathogenic mechanisms of PD and the search of new therapeutic strategies prompted us to generate and characterize a novel transient PD model, using zebrafish. Our model presented increased glycogen content, markedly altered motor behavior and increased lysosome content, in addition to altered expression of the autophagy-related transcripts and proteins Beclin1, p62 and Lc3b. Furthermore, the model was used to assess the beneficial effects of 3-bromopyruvic acid (3-BrPA). Treatment with 3-BrPA induced amelioration of the model phenotypes regarding glycogen storage, motility behavior and autophagy-related transcripts and proteins. Our zebrafish PD model recapitulates most of the defects observed in human patients, proving to be a powerful translational model. Moreover, 3-BrPA unveiled to be a promising compound for treatment of conditions with glycogen accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Bragato
- PhD program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20900, Italy; Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Silvia Carra
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, Milan, 20149, Italy
| | - Flavia Blasevich
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Franco Salerno
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Alessia Brix
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Bassi
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Monica Beltrame
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Franco Cotelli
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maggi
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Renato Mantegazza
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Marina Mora
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan, 20133, Italy.
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12
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Zhu Y, Fan Z, Wang R, Xie R, Guo H, Zhang M, Guo B, Sun T, Zhang H, Zhuo L, Li Y, Wu S. Single-Cell Analysis for Glycogen Localization and Metabolism in Cultured Astrocytes. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:801-812. [PMID: 31863221 PMCID: PMC7261284 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral glycogen is principally localized in astrocytes rather than in neurons. Glycogen metabolism has been implicated in higher brain functions, including learning and memory, yet the distribution patterns of glycogen in different types of astrocytes have not been fully described. Here, we applied a method based on the incorporation of 2-NBDG, a d-glucose fluorescent derivative that can trace glycogen, to investigate glycogen’s distribution in the brain. We identified two types of astrocytes, namely, 2-NBDGI (glycogen-deficient) and 2-NBDGII (glycogen-rich) cells. Whole-cell patch-clamp and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) were used to separate 2-NBDGII astrocytes from 2-NBDGI astrocytes. The expression levels of glycogen metabolic enzymes were analyzed in 2-NBDGI and 2-NBDGII astrocytes. We found unique glycogen metabolic patterns between 2-NBDGI and 2-NBDGII astrocytes. We also observed that 2-NBDGII astrocytes were mainly identified as fibrous astrocytes but not protoplasmic astrocytes. Our data reveal cell type-dependent glycogen distribution and metabolism patterns, suggesting diverse functions of these different astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, The School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ze Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, The School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rougang Xie
- Department of Neurobiology, The School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haiyun Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, The School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, The School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tangna Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, The School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, The School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lixia Zhuo
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, The School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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13
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Curtis M, Kenny HA, Ashcroft B, Mukherjee A, Johnson A, Zhang Y, Helou Y, Batlle R, Liu X, Gutierrez N, Gao X, Yamada SD, Lastra R, Montag A, Ahsan N, Locasale JW, Salomon AR, Nebreda AR, Lengyel E. Fibroblasts Mobilize Tumor Cell Glycogen to Promote Proliferation and Metastasis. Cell Metab 2019; 29:141-155.e9. [PMID: 30174305 PMCID: PMC6326875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Successful metastasis requires the co-evolution of stromal and cancer cells. We used stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture coupled with quantitative, label-free phosphoproteomics to study the bidirectional signaling in ovarian cancer cells and human-derived, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) after co-culture. In cancer cells, the interaction with CAFs supported glycogenolysis under normoxic conditions and induced phosphorylation and activation of phosphoglucomutase 1, an enzyme involved in glycogen metabolism. Glycogen was funneled into glycolysis, leading to increased proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells co-cultured with human CAFs. Glycogen mobilization in cancer cells was dependent on p38α MAPK activation in CAFs. In vivo, deletion of p38α in CAFs and glycogen phosphorylase inhibition in cancer cells reduced metastasis, suggesting that glycogen is an energy source used by cancer cells to facilitate metastatic tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Curtis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hilary A Kenny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bradley Ashcroft
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Abir Mukherjee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alyssa Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yilin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ynes Helou
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry/Center of Genomics and Proteomics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Raquel Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Nuria Gutierrez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - S Diane Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ricardo Lastra
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Anthony Montag
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Center for Cancer Research Development, Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Arthur R Salomon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry/Center of Genomics and Proteomics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Center for Cancer Research Development, Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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14
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DiNuzzo M, Walls AB, Öz G, Seaquist ER, Waagepetersen HS, Bak LK, Nedergaard M, Schousboe A. State-Dependent Changes in Brain Glycogen Metabolism. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 23:269-309. [PMID: 31667812 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27480-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of glycogen structure, concentration, polydispersity and turnover is critical to qualify the role of glycogen in the brain. These molecular and metabolic features are under the control of neuronal activity through the interdependent action of neuromodulatory tone, ionic homeostasis and availability of metabolic substrates, all variables that concur to define the state of the system. In this chapter, we briefly describe how glycogen responds to selected behavioral, nutritional, environmental, hormonal, developmental and pathological conditions. We argue that interpreting glycogen metabolism through the lens of brain state is an effective approach to establish the relevance of energetics in connecting molecular and cellular neurophysiology to behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro DiNuzzo
- Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anne B Walls
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse K Bak
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Zhang Q, Hu XF, Xin MM, Liu HB, Sun LJ, Morris-Natschke SL, Chen Y, Lee KH. Antidiabetic potential of the ethyl acetate extract of Physalis alkekengi and chemical constituents identified by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 225:202-210. [PMID: 29981847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The edible plant Physalis alkekengi (PA) is used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. However, the anti-diabetic effects and constituents of the fruit and aerial parts of this plant have not been studied extensively. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic potential of Physalis alkekengi and identify its chemical constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, the in vitro glucose uptake capacity was tested using the 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-NBDG) assay in HepG2 cells. Secondly, the anti-diabetes effects of the ethyl acetate extracts of the aerial parts/fruit (EAP/EAF) of P. alkekengi were evaluated in high-fat diet-fed and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (seven groups, n = 7) daily at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg for 28 days. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured with a glucometer and the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), glycated serum protein (GSP), and fasting insulin (FINS) were measured by ELISA. Furthermore, insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were calculated based on FBG and FINS. Changes in blood glucose concentration were assessed after an oral glucose challenge in diabetic rats treated with EAF and EAP extracts. In all assays, rosiglitazone, a current antidiabetic drug and insulin sensitizer, was also tested. Finally, the compounds in EAP were identified by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis. RESULTS EAP increased the uptake of 2-NBDG, a measure of direct glucose uptake, in HepG2 cells. Next, in diabetic rats treated with P. alkegenki extracts for 28 days, the levels of FBG, TC, TG and GSP and were lowered effectively, while FINS was increased significantly. EAP/EAF enhanced insulin sensitivity significantly as measured by ISI and HOMA-IR along with oral glucose tolerance test analysis. The EAP generally exerted the greatest effects. Lastly, a HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS analysis identified 50 compounds, including 26 physalins, 10 flavonoids, and 9 phenolic acids, with 21 compounds found for the first time in P. alkekengi. CONCLUSIONS The results support the merit of P. alkekengi as an antidiabetic herbal medicine or dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Fang Hu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Man-Man Xin
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Hong-Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Li-Juan Sun
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA.
| | - Yong Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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16
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Masuo S, Komatsuzaki A, Takeshita N, Itoh E, Takaaki O, Zhou S, Takaya N. Spatial heterogeneity of glycogen and its metabolizing enzymes in Aspergillus nidulans hyphal tip cells. Fungal Genet Biol 2017; 110:48-55. [PMID: 29175367 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen is a homopolymer of glucose and a ubiquitous cellular-storage carbon. This study investigated which Aspergillus nidulans genes are involved in glycogen metabolism. Gene disruptants of predicted glycogen synthase (gsyA) and glycogenin (glgA) genes accumulated less cellular glycogen than the wild type strain, indicating that GsyA and GlgA synthesize glycogen similarly to other eukaryotes. Meanwhile, gene disruption of gphA encoding glycogen phosphorylase increased the amount of glycogen to a higher degree than wild type during the stationary phase that accompanies carbon-source limitation. GFP-tagged GsyA and GphA were distributed in the cytosol and formed punctate and filamentous structures, respectively. Carbon starvation resulted in elongated GphA-GFP filaments and increased numbers of filaments. These structures were more frequently located in the basal regions of tip cells and adjacent cells than in the apical regions of tip cells. Cellular glycogen visualized by incorporation of a fluorescent glucose analog accumulated in cytoplasmic puncta that were more prevalent in the basal regions, a pattern similar to that seen for GsyA. The colocalization of glycogen and GsyA at punctate structures in tip and sub-apical cells likely represents the cellular machinery for synthesizing glycogen. More frequent colocalization in the basal, rather than tip cell apical regions indicated that tip cells have differentiated subcellular regions for glycogen synthesis. Our findings regarding glycogen, GsyA and GphA distribution evoke the spatial heterogeneity of glycogen metabolism in fungal hyphae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Masuo
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Airi Komatsuzaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Norio Takeshita
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Eriko Itoh
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Okazoe Takaaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Shengmin Zhou
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Naoki Takaya
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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17
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Zois CE, Harris AL. Glycogen metabolism has a key role in the cancer microenvironment and provides new targets for cancer therapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:137-54. [PMID: 26882899 PMCID: PMC4762924 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer cells and contributes to their adaption within the tumour microenvironment and resistance to anticancer therapies. Recently, glycogen metabolism has become a recognised feature of cancer cells since it is upregulated in many tumour types, suggesting that it is an important aspect of cancer cell pathophysiology. Here, we provide an overview of glycogen metabolism and its regulation, with a focus on its role in metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells under stress conditions such as hypoxia, glucose deprivation and anticancer treatment. The various methods to detect glycogen in tumours in vivo as well as pharmacological modulators of glycogen metabolism are also reviewed. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic value of targeting glycogen metabolism as a strategy for combinational approaches in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos E Zois
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
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18
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Sengupta D, Pratx G. Imaging metabolic heterogeneity in cancer. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:4. [PMID: 26739333 PMCID: PMC4704434 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As our knowledge of cancer metabolism has increased, it has become apparent that cancer metabolic processes are extremely heterogeneous. The reasons behind this heterogeneity include genetic diversity, the existence of multiple and redundant metabolic pathways, altered microenvironmental conditions, and so on. As a result, methods in the clinic and beyond have been developed in order to image and study tumor metabolism in the in vivo and in vitro regimes. Both regimes provide unique advantages and challenges, and may be used to provide a picture of tumor metabolic heterogeneity that is spatially and temporally comprehensive. Taken together, these methods may hold the key to appropriate cancer diagnoses and treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanti Sengupta
- Stanford University School of Medicine, A226 Building A, 1050 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Guillem Pratx
- Stanford University School of Medicine, A226 Building A, 1050 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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19
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Shyni GL, Sasidharan K, Francis SK, Das AA, Nair MS, Raghu KG. Licarin B from Myristica fragrans improves insulin sensitivity via PPARγ and activation of GLUT4 in the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13055k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Licarin B, a major bioactive compound isolated fromMyristica fragransmace improves glucose uptakeviaPPARγ and GLUT4 translocation in IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway in adipocytes
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Affiliation(s)
- G. L. Shyni
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Kavitha Sasidharan
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Sajin K. Francis
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Arya A. Das
- Computational Modeling and Simulation Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Mangalam S. Nair
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - K. G. Raghu
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
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20
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Protective Effect of Vanillic Acid against Hyperinsulinemia, Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia via Alleviating Hepatic Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Fed Rats. Nutrients 2015; 7:9946-59. [PMID: 26633482 PMCID: PMC4690066 DOI: 10.3390/nu7125514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess free fatty acid accumulation from abnormal lipid metabolism results in the insulin resistance in peripheral cells, subsequently causing hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and/or hyperlipidemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Herein, we investigated the effect of phenolic acids on glucose uptake in an insulin-resistant cell-culture model and on hepatic insulin resistance and inflammation in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The results show that vanillic acid (VA) demonstrated the highest glucose uptake ability among all tested phenolic acids in insulin-resistant FL83B mouse hepatocytes. Furthermore, rats fed HFD for 16 weeks were orally administered with VA daily (30 mg/kg body weight) at weeks 13-16. The results show that levels of serum insulin, glucose, triglyceride, and free fatty acid were significantly decreased in VA-treated HFD rats (p < 0.05), indicating the protective effects of VA against hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in HFD rats. Moreover, VA significantly reduced values of area under the curve for glucose (AUCglucose) in oral glucose tolerance test and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, suggesting the improving effect on glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in HFD rats. The Western blot analysis revealed that VA significantly up-regulated expression of hepatic insulin-signaling and lipid metabolism-related protein, including insulin receptor, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, glucose transporter 2, and phosphorylated acetyl CoA carboxylase in HFD rats. VA also significantly down-regulated hepatic inflammation-related proteins, including cyclooxygenase-2 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expressions in HFD rats. These results indicate that VA might ameliorate insulin resistance via improving hepatic insulin signaling and alleviating inflammation pathways in HFD rats. These findings also suggest the potential of VA in preventing the progression of DM.
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21
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Chen RJ, Zhang G, Garfield SH, Shi YJ, Chen KG, Robey PG, Leapman RD. Variations in Glycogen Synthesis in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells with Altered Pluripotent States. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142554. [PMID: 26565809 PMCID: PMC4643957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent very promising resources for cell-based regenerative medicine. It is essential to determine the biological implications of some fundamental physiological processes (such as glycogen metabolism) in these stem cells. In this report, we employ electron, immunofluorescence microscopy, and biochemical methods to study glycogen synthesis in hPSCs. Our results indicate that there is a high level of glycogen synthesis (0.28 to 0.62 μg/μg proteins) in undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) compared with the glycogen levels (0 to 0.25 μg/μg proteins) reported in human cancer cell lines. Moreover, we found that glycogen synthesis was regulated by bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) and the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) pathway. Our observation of glycogen bodies and sustained expression of the pluripotent factor Oct-4 mediated by the potent GSK-3 inhibitor CHIR-99021 reveals an altered pluripotent state in hPSC culture. We further confirmed glycogen variations under different naïve pluripotent cell growth conditions based on the addition of the GSK-3 inhibitor BIO. Our data suggest that primed hPSCs treated with naïve growth conditions acquire altered pluripotent states, similar to those naïve-like hPSCs, with increased glycogen synthesis. Furthermore, we found that suppression of phosphorylated glycogen synthase was an underlying mechanism responsible for altered glycogen synthesis. Thus, our novel findings regarding the dynamic changes in glycogen metabolism provide new markers to assess the energetic and various pluripotent states in hPSCs. The components of glycogen metabolic pathways offer new assays to delineate previously unrecognized properties of hPSCs under different growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Chen
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
| | - Susan H. Garfield
- Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Yi-Jun Shi
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Kevin G. Chen
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Pamela G. Robey
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
| | - Richard D. Leapman
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Lim JA, Li L, Kakhlon O, Myerowitz R, Raben N. Defects in calcium homeostasis and mitochondria can be reversed in Pompe disease. Autophagy 2015; 11:385-402. [PMID: 25758767 PMCID: PMC4502791 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1009779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-induced oxidative stress and flawed autophagy are common features of neurodegenerative and lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Although defective autophagy is particularly prominent in Pompe disease, mitochondrial function has escaped examination in this typical LSD. We have found multiple mitochondrial defects in mouse and human models of Pompe disease, a life-threatening cardiac and skeletal muscle myopathy: a profound dysregulation of Ca(2+) homeostasis, mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload, an increase in reactive oxygen species, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in caspase-independent apoptosis, as well as a decreased oxygen consumption and ATP production of mitochondria. In addition, gene expression studies revealed a striking upregulation of the β 1 subunit of L-type Ca(2+) channel in Pompe muscle cells. This study provides strong evidence that disturbance of Ca(2+) homeostasis and mitochondrial abnormalities in Pompe disease represent early changes in a complex pathogenetic cascade leading from a deficiency of a single lysosomal enzyme to severe and hard-to-treat autophagic myopathy. Remarkably, L-type Ca(2+)channel blockers, commonly used to treat other maladies, reversed these defects, indicating that a similar approach can be beneficial to the plethora of lysosomal and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Key Words
- AIFM1, apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated, 1
- CCCP, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- EGTA, ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid
- ERT, enzyme replacement therapy
- GAA, glucosidase
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- LAMP1, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1
- LSD, lysosomal storage disease
- MAP1LC3A/B (LC3), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 α/β
- MOPS, 3-morpholinopropane-1-sulfonic acid
- MitoG, MitoTracker Green
- OMM, outer mitochondrial membrane
- Pompe disease
- RFP, red fluorescent protein
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- Ub, ubiquitinated
- VDCC, voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel
- autophagy
- calcium
- lysosome
- mitochondria
- mitophagy
- α, acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-A Lim
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation; National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda; MD USA
| | - Lishu Li
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation; National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda; MD USA
| | - Or Kakhlon
- Department of Neurology; Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center; Ein Kerem; Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Myerowitz
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation; National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda; MD USA
- St. Mary's College of Maryland; St. Mary's City, MD USA
| | - Nina Raben
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation; National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda; MD USA
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23
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Zois CE, Favaro E, Harris AL. Glycogen metabolism in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:3-11. [PMID: 25219323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since its identification more than 150 years ago, there has been an extensive characterisation of glycogen metabolism and its regulatory pathways in the two main glycogen storage organs of the body, i.e. liver and muscle. In recent years, glycogen metabolism has also been demonstrated to be upregulated in many tumour types, suggesting it is an important aspect of cancer cell pathophysiology. Here, we provide an overview of glycogen metabolism and its regulation, with a focus on its role in metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. The various methods to detect glycogen in tumours in vivo are also reviewed. Finally, we discuss the targeting of glycogen metabolism as a strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos E Zois
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Oxford University, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.
| | - Elena Favaro
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Oxford University, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.
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24
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Cagide E, Becher PG, Louzao MC, Espiña B, Vieytes MR, Jüttner F, Botana LM. Hapalindoles from the Cyanobacterium Fischerella: Potential Sodium Channel Modulators. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1696-706. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cagide
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Paul G. Becher
- Institute
of Plant Biology, Limnological
Station, University of Zürich, 8802 Kilchberg, Switzerland
| | - M. Carmen Louzao
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Begoña Espiña
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Mercedes R. Vieytes
- Departamento
de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Friedrich Jüttner
- Institute
of Plant Biology, Limnological
Station, University of Zürich, 8802 Kilchberg, Switzerland
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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25
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Rutin and quercetin enhance glucose uptake in L6 myotubes under oxidative stress induced by tertiary butyl hydrogen peroxide. Food Chem 2014; 158:546-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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26
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Witney TH, Carroll L, Alam IS, Chandrashekran A, Nguyen QD, Sala R, Harris R, DeBerardinis RJ, Agarwal R, Aboagye EO. A novel radiotracer to image glycogen metabolism in tumors by positron emission tomography. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1319-28. [PMID: 24590807 PMCID: PMC3966281 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The high rate of glucose uptake to fuel the bioenergetic and anabolic demands of proliferating cancer cells is well recognized and is exploited with (18)F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography ((18)F-FDG-PET) to image tumors clinically. In contrast, enhanced glucose storage as glycogen (glycogenesis) in cancer is less well understood and the availability of a noninvasive method to image glycogen in vivo could provide important biologic insights. Here, we demonstrate that (18)F-N-(methyl-(2-fluoroethyl)-1H-[1,2,3]triazole-4-yl)glucosamine ((18)F-NFTG) annotates glycogenesis in cancer cells and tumors in vivo, measured by PET. Specificity of glycogen labeling was demonstrated by isolating (18)F-NFTG-associated glycogen and with stable knockdown of glycogen synthase 1, which inhibited (18)F-NFTG uptake, whereas oncogene (Rab25) activation-associated glycogen synthesis led to increased uptake. We further show that the rate of glycogenesis is cell-cycle regulated, enhanced during the nonproliferative state of cancer cells. We demonstrate that glycogen levels, (18)F-NFTG, but not (18)F-FDG uptake, increase proportionally with cell density and G1-G0 arrest, with potential application in the assessment of activation of oncogenic pathways related to glycogenesis and the detection of posttreatment tumor quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H Witney
- Authors' Affiliations: Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre; and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
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27
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Philips KB, Kurtoglu M, Leung HJ, Liu H, Gao N, Lehrman MA, Murray TG, Lampidis TJ. Increased sensitivity to glucose starvation correlates with downregulation of glycogen phosphorylase isoform PYGB in tumor cell lines resistant to 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 73:349-61. [PMID: 24292700 PMCID: PMC4570497 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As tumors evolve, they upregulate glucose metabolism while also encountering intermittent periods of glucose deprivation. Here, we investigate mechanisms by which pancreatic cancer cells respond to therapeutic (2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2-DG) and physiologic (glucose starvation, GS) forms of glucose restriction. METHODS From a tumor cell line (1420) that is unusually sensitive to 2-DG under normoxia, low (14DG2)- and high (14DG5)-dose resistant cell lines were selected and used to probe the metabolic pathways involved with their response to different forms of glucose deprivation. RESULTS Muted induction of the unfolded protein response was found to correlate with resistance to 2-DG. Additionally, 14DG2 displayed reduced 2-DG uptake, while 14DG5 was cross-resistant to tunicamycin, suggesting it has enhanced ability to manage glycosylation defects. Conversely, 2-DG-resistant cell lines were more sensitive than their parental cell line to GS, which coincided with lowered levels of glycogen phosphorylase (PYGB) and reduced breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the 2-DG-resistant cell lines. Moreover, by inhibiting PYGB in the parental cell line, sensitivity to GS was increased. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the data demonstrate that the manner in which glucose is restricted in tumor cells, i.e., therapeutic or physiologic, leads to differential biological responses involving distinct glucose metabolic pathways. Moreover, in evolving tumors where glucose restriction occurs, the identification of PYGB as a metabolic target may have clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B. Philips
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1550 NW 10th Avenue, Fox Building #406, Miami, FL 33136, USA,
| | - Metin Kurtoglu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, PAP Building, Room 115, 1550 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA,
| | - Howard J. Leung
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1550 NW 10th Avenue, Fox Building #406, Miami, FL 33136, USA,
| | - Huaping Liu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, PAP Building, Room 115, 1550 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA,
| | - Ningguo Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Rd., Dallas, TX 75390-9041, USA,
| | - Mark A. Lehrman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Rd., Dallas, TX 75390-9041, USA,
| | - Timothy G. Murray
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, 900 NW 17th St., Miami, FL 33136, USA,
| | - Theodore J. Lampidis
- Department of Cell Biology (R-124), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Rosenstiel Medical Sciences Building #4026/4027, P.O. Box 016960, Miami, FL 33101, USA,
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1475 NW 12th Avenue, P.O. Box 016960, Miami, FL 33101, USA
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28
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Martina JA, Diab HI, Lishu L, Jeong-A L, Patange S, Raben N, Puertollano R. The nutrient-responsive transcription factor TFE3 promotes autophagy, lysosomal biogenesis, and clearance of cellular debris. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra9. [PMID: 24448649 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a gene network regulating lysosomal biogenesis and its transcriptional regulator transcription factor EB (TFEB) revealed that cells monitor lysosomal function and respond to degradation requirements and environmental cues. We report the identification of transcription factor E3 (TFE3) as another regulator of lysosomal homeostasis that induced expression of genes encoding proteins involved in autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis in ARPE-19 cells in response to starvation and lysosomal stress. We found that in nutrient-replete cells, TFE3 was recruited to lysosomes through interaction with active Rag guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) and exhibited mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent phosphorylation. Phosphorylated TFE3 was retained in the cytosol through its interaction with the cytosolic chaperone 14-3-3. After starvation, TFE3 rapidly translocated to the nucleus and bound to the CLEAR elements present in the promoter region of many lysosomal genes, thereby inducing lysosomal biogenesis. Depletion of endogenous TFE3 entirely abolished the response of ARPE-19 cells to starvation, suggesting that TFE3 plays a critical role in nutrient sensing and regulation of energy metabolism. Furthermore, overexpression of TFE3 triggered lysosomal exocytosis and resulted in efficient cellular clearance in a cellular model of a lysosomal storage disorder, Pompe disease, thus identifying TFE3 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of lysosomal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Martina
- 1Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 50/3537, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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29
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Cheng KC, Asakawa A, Li YX, Chung HH, Amitani H, Ueki T, Cheng JT, Inui A. Silymarin induces insulin resistance through an increase of phosphatase and tensin homolog in Wistar rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84550. [PMID: 24404172 PMCID: PMC3880317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a phosphoinositide phosphatase that regulates crucial cellular functions, including insulin signaling, lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as survival and apoptosis. Silymarin is the active ingredient in milk thistle and exerts numerous effects through the activation of PTEN. However, the effect of silymarin on the development of insulin resistance remains unknown. METHODS Wistar rats fed fructose-rich chow or normal chow were administered oral silymarin to identify the development of insulin resistance using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemic- euglycemic clamping. Changes in PTEN expression in skeletal muscle and liver were compared using western blotting analysis. Further investigation was performed in L6 cells to check the expression of PTEN and insulin-related signals. PTEN deletion in L6 cells was achieved by small interfering ribonucleic acid transfection. RESULTS Oral administration of silymarin at a dose of 200 mg/kg once daily induced insulin resistance in normal rats and enhanced insulin resistance in fructose-rich chow-fed rats. An increase of PTEN expression was observed in the skeletal muscle and liver of rats with insulin resistance. A decrease in the phosphorylation of Akt in L6 myotube cells, which was maintained in a high-glucose condition, was also observed. Treatment with silymarin aggravated high-glucose-induced insulin resistance. Deletion of PTEN in L6 cells reversed silymarin-induced impaired insulin signaling and glucose uptake. CONCLUSIONS Silymarin has the ability to disrupt insulin signaling through increased PTEN expression. Therefore, silymarin should be used carefully in type-2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Asakawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ying-Xiao Li
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hsien-Hui Chung
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Haruka Amitani
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Ueki
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Akio Inui
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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30
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Pelletier J, Bellot G, Pouysségur J, Mazure NM. Biochemical titration of glycogen in vitro. J Vis Exp 2013:e50465. [PMID: 24300406 DOI: 10.3791/50465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen is the main energetic polymer of glucose in vertebrate animals and plays a crucial role in whole body metabolism as well as in cellular metabolism. Many methods to detect glycogen already exist but only a few are quantitative. We describe here a method using the Abcam Glycogen assay kit, which is based on specific degradation of glycogen to glucose by glucoamylase. Glucose is then specifically oxidized to a product that reacts with the OxiRed probe to produce fluorescence. Titration is accurate, sensitive and can be achieved on cell extracts or tissue sections. However, in contrast to other techniques, it does not give information about the distribution of glycogen in the cell. As an example of this technique, we describe here the titration of glycogen in two cell lines, Chinese hamster lung fibroblast CCL39 and human colon carcinoma LS174, incubated in normoxia (21% O2) versus hypoxia (1% O2). We hypothesized that hypoxia is a signal that prepares cells to synthesize and store glycogen in order to survive(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joffrey Pelletier
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice, UMR CNRS 7284 - INSERM, U1081 - UNS, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, University of Nice - Sophia Antipolis
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Spampanato C, Feeney E, Li L, Cardone M, Lim JA, Annunziata F, Zare H, Polishchuk R, Puertollano R, Parenti G, Ballabio A, Raben N. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a new therapeutic target for Pompe disease. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:691-706. [PMID: 23606558 PMCID: PMC3662313 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201202176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A recently proposed therapeutic approach for lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) relies upon the ability of transcription factor EB (TFEB) to stimulate autophagy and induce lysosomal exocytosis leading to cellular clearance. This approach is particularly attractive in glycogen storage disease type II [a severe metabolic myopathy, Pompe disease (PD)] as the currently available therapy, replacement of the missing enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase, fails to reverse skeletal muscle pathology. PD, a paradigm for LSDs, is characterized by both lysosomal abnormality and dysfunctional autophagy. Here, we show that TFEB is a viable therapeutic target in PD: overexpression of TFEB in a new muscle cell culture system and in mouse models of the disease reduced glycogen load and lysosomal size, improved autophagosome processing, and alleviated excessive accumulation of autophagic vacuoles. Unexpectedly, the exocytosed vesicles were labelled with lysosomal and autophagosomal membrane markers, suggesting that TFEB induces exocytosis of autophagolysosomes. Furthermore, the effects of TFEB were almost abrogated in the setting of genetically suppressed autophagy, supporting the role of autophagy in TFEB-mediated cellular clearance.
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DiNuzzo M, Giove F, Maraviglia B, Mangia S. Glucose metabolism down-regulates the uptake of 6-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose (6-NBDG) mediated by glucose transporter 1 isoform (GLUT1): theory and simulations using the symmetric four-state carrier model. J Neurochem 2013; 125:236-46. [PMID: 23336592 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The non-metabolizable fluorescent glucose analogue 6-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose (6-NBDG) is increasingly used to study cellular transport of glucose. Intracellular accumulation of exogenously applied 6-NBDG is assumed to reflect concurrent gradient-driven glucose uptake by glucose transporters (GLUTs). Here, theoretical considerations are provided that put this assumption into question. In particular, depending on the microscopic parameters of the carrier proteins, theory proves that changes in glucose transport can be accompanied by opposite changes in flow of 6-NBDG. Simulations were carried out applying the symmetric four-state carrier model on the GLUT1 isoform, which is the only isoform whose kinetic parameters are presently available. Results show that cellular 6-NBDG uptake decreases with increasing rate of glucose utilization under core-model conditions, supported by literature, namely where the transporter is assumed to work in regime of slow reorientation of the free-carrier compared with the ligand-carrier complex. To observe an increase of 6-NBDG uptake with increasing rate of glucose utilization, and thus interpret 6-NBDG increase as surrogate of glucose uptake, the transporter must be assumed to operate in regime of slow ligand-carrier binding, a condition that is currently not supported by literature. Our findings suggest that the interpretation of data obtained with NBDG derivatives is presently ambiguous and should be cautious because the underlying transport kinetics are not adequately established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro DiNuzzo
- MARBILab, Museo storico della fisica e Centro di studi e ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Giove
- MARBILab, Museo storico della fisica e Centro di studi e ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Maraviglia
- MARBILab, Museo storico della fisica e Centro di studi e ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Mangia
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Dept. of Radiology, University of Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Li HM, Feeney E, Li L, Zare H, Puertollano R, Raben N. WITHDRAWN: Clearance of lysosomal glycogen accumulation by Transcription factor EB (TFEB) in muscle cells from lysosomal alpha-glucosidase deficient mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013:S0006-291X(13)00272-6. [PMID: 23416076 PMCID: PMC3687018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Ming Li
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Chang WC, Shen SC. Effect of water extracts from edible Myrtaceae plants on uptake of 2-(n-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose in TNF-α-treated FL83B mouse hepatocytes. Phytother Res 2012; 27:236-43. [PMID: 22532499 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the glucose uptake activity of the water extracts from the leaves and fruit of edible Myrtaceae plants, including guava (Psidium guajava Linn.), wax apples [Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. and L.M. Perry], Pu-Tau [Syzygium jambo (L.) Alston], and Kan-Shi Pu-Tau (Syzygium cumini Linn.) in FL83B mouse hepatocytes. The fluorescent dye 2-(n-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose was used to estimate the uptake ability of the cells. Glucose uptake test showed that pink wax apple fruit extract (PWFE) exhibits the highest glucose uptake activity, at an increment of 21% in the insulin-resistant FL83B mouse hepatocytes as compared with the TNF-α-treated control group. Vescalagin was isolated using column chromatography of PWFE. This compound, at the concentration of 6.25 µg/mL, exhibits the same glucose uptake improvement in insulin-resistant cells as PWFE at a 100-µg/mL dose. We postulate that vescalagin is an active component in PWFE that may alleviate the insulin resistance in mouse hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, PO box 23-14, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
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Kim WH, Lee J, Jung DW, Williams DR. Visualizing sweetness: increasingly diverse applications for fluorescent-tagged glucose bioprobes and their recent structural modifications. SENSORS 2012; 12:5005-27. [PMID: 22666073 PMCID: PMC3355456 DOI: 10.3390/s120405005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is a fundamental aspect of life and its dysregulation is associated with important diseases, such as cancer and diabetes. Traditionally, glucose radioisotopes have been used to monitor glucose utilization in biological systems. Fluorescent-tagged glucose analogues were initially developed in the 1980s, but it is only in the past decade that their use as a glucose sensor has increased significantly. These analogues were developed for monitoring glucose uptake in blood cells, but their recent applications include tracking glucose uptake by tumor cells and imaging brain cell metabolism. This review outlines the development of fluorescent-tagged glucose analogues, describes their recent structural modifications and discusses their increasingly diverse biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Da-Woon Jung
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (D.-W.J.); (D.R.W.); Tel.: +82-62-715-2509; Fax: +82-62-715-2484
| | - Darren R. Williams
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (D.-W.J.); (D.R.W.); Tel.: +82-62-715-2509; Fax: +82-62-715-2484
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Nakamura-Tsuruta S, Yasuda M, Nakamura T, Shinoda E, Furuyashiki T, Kakutani R, Takata H, Kato Y, Ashida H. Comparative analysis of carbohydrate-binding specificities of two anti-glycogen monoclonal antibodies using ELISA and surface plasmon resonance. Carbohydr Res 2012; 350:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hassanein M, Weidow B, Koehler E, Bakane N, Garbett S, Shyr Y, Quaranta V. Development of high-throughput quantitative assays for glucose uptake in cancer cell lines. Mol Imaging Biol 2012; 13:840-52. [PMID: 20809209 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-010-0399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolism, and especially glucose uptake, is a key quantitative cell trait that is closely linked to cancer initiation and progression. Therefore, developing high-throughput assays for measuring glucose uptake in cancer cells would be enviable for simultaneous comparisons of multiple cell lines and microenvironmental conditions. This study was designed with two specific aims in mind: the first was to develop and validate a high-throughput screening method for quantitative assessment of glucose uptake in "normal" and tumor cells using the fluorescent 2-deoxyglucose analog 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG), and the second was to develop an image-based, quantitative, single-cell assay for measuring glucose uptake using the same probe to dissect the full spectrum of metabolic variability within populations of tumor cells in vitro in higher resolution. PROCEDURE The kinetics of population-based glucose uptake was evaluated for MCF10A mammary epithelial and CA1d breast cancer cell lines, using 2-NBDG and a fluorometric microplate reader. Glucose uptake for the same cell lines was also examined at the single-cell level using high-content automated microscopy coupled with semi-automated cell-cytometric image analysis approaches. Statistical treatments were also implemented to analyze intra-population variability. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that the high-throughput fluorometric assay using 2-NBDG is a reliable method to assess population-level kinetics of glucose uptake in cell lines in vitro. Similarly, single-cell image-based assays and analyses of 2-NBDG fluorescence proved an effective and accurate means for assessing glucose uptake, which revealed that breast tumor cell lines display intra-population variability that is modulated by growth conditions. CONCLUSIONS These studies indicate that 2-NBDG can be used to aid in the high-throughput analysis of the influence of chemotherapeutics on glucose uptake in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassanein
- Vanderbilt Integrative Cancer Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Impaired hippocampal glucoregulation in the cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout mice as revealed by an optimized in vitro experimental approach. J Neurosci Methods 2011; 204:366-73. [PMID: 22155442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several techniques exist to study the rate of glucose uptake and metabolism in the brain but most of them are not sufficiently robust to permit extensive pharmacological analysis. Here we optimized an in vitro measurement of the simultaneous accumulation of the metabolizable and non-metabolizable (3)H and (14)C d-glucose analogues; permitting convenient large-scale studies on glucose uptake and metabolism in brain slices. Next, we performed an extensive pharmacological characterization on the putative glucoregulator role of the endocannabinoid system in the hippocampal slices of the rat, and the wild-type and the CB(1) cannabinoid receptor (CB(1)R) knockout mice. We observed that (3)H-3-O-methylglucose is a poor substrate to measure glucose uptake in the hippocampus. (3)H-2-deoxyglucose is a better substrate but its uptake is still lower than that of (14)C-U-d-glucose, from which the slices constantly metabolize and dissipate (14)C atoms. Thus, uptake and the metabolism values are not to be used as standalones but as differences between a control and a treatment. The CB(1)R knockout mice exhibited ∼10% less glucose uptake and glucose carbon atom dissipation in comparison with the wild-type mice. This may represent congenital defects as acute treatments of the rat and mouse slices with cannabinoid agonists, antagonists and inhibitors of endocannabinoid uptake/metabolism failed to induce robust changes in either the uptake or the metabolism of glucose. In summary, we report here an optimized technique ideal to complement other metabolic approaches of high spatiotemporal resolution. This technique allowed us concluding that CB(1)Rs are at least indirectly involved in hippocampal glucoregulation.
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Medina DL, Fraldi A, Bouche V, Annunziata F, Mansueto G, Spampanato C, Puri C, Pignata A, Martina JA, Sardiello M, Palmieri M, Polishchuk R, Puertollano R, Ballabio A. Transcriptional activation of lysosomal exocytosis promotes cellular clearance. Dev Cell 2011; 21:421-30. [PMID: 21889421 PMCID: PMC3173716 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are cellular organelles primarily involved in degradation and recycling processes. During lysosomal exocytosis, a Ca2+-regulated process, lysosomes are docked to the cell surface and fuse with the plasma membrane (PM), emptying their content outside the cell. This process has an important role in secretion and PM repair. Here we show that the transcription factor EB (TFEB) regulates lysosomal exocytosis. TFEB increases the pool of lysosomes in the proximity of the PM and promotes their fusion with PM by raising intracellular Ca2+ levels through the activation of the lysosomal Ca2+ channel MCOLN1. Induction of lysosomal exocytosis by TFEB overexpression rescued pathologic storage and restored normal cellular morphology both in vitro and in vivo in lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Our data indicate that lysosomal exocytosis may directly modulate cellular clearance and suggest an alternative therapeutic strategy for disorders associated with intracellular storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego L Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Mor A, Aizman E, George J, Kloog Y. Ras inhibition induces insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21712. [PMID: 21738773 PMCID: PMC3126849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced glucose uptake due to insulin resistance is a pivotal mechanism in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. It is also associated with increased inflammation. Ras inhibition downregulates inflammation in various experimental models. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Ras inhibition on insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, as well as its influence on type 2 diabetes development. Methods and Findings The effect of Ras inhibition on glucose uptake was examined both in vitro and in vivo. Ras was inhibited in cells transfected with a dominant-negative form of Ras or by 5-fluoro-farnesylthiosalicylic acid (F-FTS), a small-molecule Ras inhibitor. The involvement of IκB and NF-κB in Ras-inhibited glucose uptake was investigated by immunoblotting. High fat (HF)-induced diabetic mice were treated with F-FTS to test the effect of Ras inhibition on induction of hyperglycemia. Each of the Ras-inhibitory modes resulted in increased glucose uptake, whether in insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes in vitro or in HF-induced diabetic mice in vivo. Ras inhibition also caused increased IκB expression accompanied by decreased expression of NF-κB . In fat-induced diabetic mice treated daily with F-FTS, both the incidence of hyperglycemia and the levels of serum insulin were significantly decreased. Conclusions Inhibition of Ras apparently induces a state of heightened insulin sensitization both in vitro and in vivo. Ras inhibition should therefore be considered as an approach worth testing for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Mor
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Elizabeta Aizman
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob George
- Department of Cardiology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, affiliated to the Hebrew University—Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoel Kloog
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Espiña B, Louzao MC, Ares IR, Fonfria ES, Vilariño N, Vieytes MR, Botana LM. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton induces fluorescent glucose accumulation on the rat hepatocytes Clone 9. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 27:653-60. [PMID: 21691083 DOI: 10.1159/000330074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose transport and metabolism are highly specialized in hepatocytes. Actin cytoskeleton is fundamental to the maintenance of their morphology as well as to ensure their functionality. Here we study the effect of the actin disrupting natural compounds cytochalasin B and latrunculin A on the glucose metabolism of the Clone 9 rat hepatocytes once the glucose molecule is inside them and the effects of two hormones which main function is regulating the glucose metabolism on the actin cytoskeleton of Clone 9 cells. METHODS F-actin was labeled by using Oregon Green 514 ® phalloidin and glucose inside cells was monitored with the fluorescent D-glucose derivative; 2-NBDG. Observations and measurements were carried out by using a confocal microscope. RESULTS Nor insulin neither glucagon was able to induce any significant effect in the quantity of F-actin present on Clone 9 cells. But insulin triggers a strong reorganization on the pattern of distribution of F-actin. However, the actin cytoskeleton disruption induced by CB and more efficiently by Lat A caused accumulation of 2-NBDG in cells. CONCLUSION These results state that disruption of the actin cytoskeleton induces fluorescent glucose accumulation on the rat hepatocytes Clone 9 suggesting that actin disrupting agents cause a blockage in the glycolytic pathway of Clone 9 hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Espiña
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Lugo, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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Espiña B, Louzao MC, Ares IR, Fonfría ES, Vilariño N, Vieytes MR, Yasumoto T, Botana LM. Impact of the Pectenotoxin C-43 Oxidation Degree on Its Cytotoxic Effect on Rat Hepatocytes. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:504-15. [DOI: 10.1021/tx9002337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Espiña
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain, Departamento de Fisiologia Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain, and Japan Food Research Laboratories, Tama, Tokyo 206-0025, Japan
| | - M. Carmen Louzao
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain, Departamento de Fisiologia Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain, and Japan Food Research Laboratories, Tama, Tokyo 206-0025, Japan
| | - Isabel R. Ares
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain, Departamento de Fisiologia Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain, and Japan Food Research Laboratories, Tama, Tokyo 206-0025, Japan
| | - Eva S. Fonfría
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain, Departamento de Fisiologia Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain, and Japan Food Research Laboratories, Tama, Tokyo 206-0025, Japan
| | - Natalia Vilariño
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain, Departamento de Fisiologia Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain, and Japan Food Research Laboratories, Tama, Tokyo 206-0025, Japan
| | - Mercedes R. Vieytes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain, Departamento de Fisiologia Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain, and Japan Food Research Laboratories, Tama, Tokyo 206-0025, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasumoto
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain, Departamento de Fisiologia Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain, and Japan Food Research Laboratories, Tama, Tokyo 206-0025, Japan
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain, Departamento de Fisiologia Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain, and Japan Food Research Laboratories, Tama, Tokyo 206-0025, Japan
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Espiña B, Louzao MC, Cagide E, Alfonso A, Vieytes MR, Yasumoto T, Botana LM. The methyl ester of okadaic acid is more potent than okadaic acid in disrupting the actin cytoskeleton and metabolism of primary cultured hepatocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 159:337-44. [PMID: 20015092 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Okadaic acid (OA) and microcystins (MCs) are structurally different toxins with the same mechanism of action, inhibition of serine/threonine protein phosphatases (PPs). Methyl okadaate (MeOk), a methyl ester derivative of OA, was considered almost inactive due to its weak inhibition of PP1 and PP2A. Here, we have investigated the activity and potency of MeOk in hepatic cells in comparison with that of OA and MCs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We tested the effects of MeOK, OA and microcystin-leucine and arginine (MC-LR) on the metabolic rate, the actin cytoskeleton and glucose uptake in a rat hepatocyte cell line (Clone 9) and in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. PP2A was assayed to compare OA and MeOk activity. KEY RESULTS MeOk disrupted the actin cytoskeleton and depressed the metabolic rate of both types of rat hepatocytes, being six-fold less potent than OA in Clone 9 cells but nearly six-fold more potent in primary cultured hepatocytes. However, unlike OA, MeOk did not change glucose uptake in these cells, suggesting a weak inhibition of PP2A, as confirmed in direct assays of PP2A activity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Although MeOk was originally described as a weakly bioactive molecule, it clearly depressed the metabolic rate and disrupted the cytoskeleton in primary and immortalized rat hepatocytes. Furthermore, MeOk affected primary hepatocytes at much lower concentrations than those affecting immortalized cells. These effects were unrelated to PP2A inhibition. Our results suggest the risk to public health from MeOk in foodstuffs should be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Espiña
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Ares IR, Cagide E, Louzao MC, Espiña B, Vieytes MR, Yasumoto T, Botana LM. Ostreocin-D impact on globular actin of intact cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:374-81. [PMID: 19154108 DOI: 10.1021/tx800273f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ostreocin-D, discovered in the past decade, is a marine toxin produced by dinoflagellates. It shares structure with palytoxin, a toxic compound responsible for the seafood intoxication named clupeotoxism. At the cellular level, the action sites and pharmacological effects for ostreocin-D are still almost unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that these toxins change the filamentous actin cytoskeleton, which is essential for multiple cellular functions. However, nothing has yet been reported about what happens with the unpolymerized actin pool. Here (i) the effects induced by ostreocin-D on unpolymerized actin, (ii) the Ca2+ role in such a process, and (iii) the cytotoxic activity of ostreocin-D on the human neuroblastoma BE(2)-M17 cell line are shown for the first time. Fluorescently labeled DNase I was used for staining of monomeric actin prior to detection with both laser-scanning cytometry and confocal microscopy techniques. Cellular viability was tested through a microplate metabolic activity assay. Ostreocin-D elicited a rearrangement of monomeric actin toward the nuclear region. This event was not accompanied by changes in its content. In addition, the presence or absence of external Ca2+ did not change these results. This toxin was also found to cause a decrease in the viability of neuroblastoma cells, which was inhibited by the specific blocker of Na+/K+-ATPase, ouabain. All these responses were comparable to those obtained with palytoxin under identical conditions. The data suggest that ostreocin-D modulates the unassembled actin pool, activating signal transduction pathways not related to Ca2+ influx in the same way as palytoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel R Ares
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Specific and dynamic detection of palytoxins by in vitro microplate assay with human neuroblastoma cells. Biosci Rep 2008; 29:13-23. [DOI: 10.1042/bsr20080080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Palytoxin is one of the most complex and biggest molecules known to show extreme acute toxicity. The dinoflagellate Ostreopsis spp., the producer organism of palytoxin, has been shown to be distributed worldwide, thus making palytoxin an emerging toxin. Rat-derived hepatocytes (Clone 9) and BE (2)-M17 human neuroblastoma cells were used to test palytoxin or palytoxin-like compounds by measuring the cell metabolic rate with Alamar Blue. The dose-dependent decrease in viability was specifically inhibited by ouabain in the case of BE (2)-M17 neuroblastoma cells. This is a functional, dynamic and simple test for palytoxins with high sensitivity (as low as 0.2 ng/ml). This method was useful for toxin detection in Ostreopsis extracts and naturally contaminated mussel samples. A comparative study testing toxic mussel extracts by LC (liquid chromatography)-MS/MS (tandem MS), MBA (mouse bioassay), haemolysis neutralization assay and a cytotoxicity test indicated that our method is suitable for the routine determination and monitoring of palytoxins and palytoxin-like compounds.
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Espiña B, Rubiolo JA. Marine toxins and the cytoskeleton: pectenotoxins, unusual macrolides that disrupt actin. FEBS J 2008; 275:6082-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Espiña B, Louzao MC, Ares IR, Cagide E, Vieytes MR, Vega FV, Rubiolo JA, Miles CO, Suzuki T, Yasumoto T, Botana LM. Cytoskeletal toxicity of pectenotoxins in hepatic cells. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 155:934-44. [PMID: 18776914 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pectenotoxins are macrocyclic lactones found in dinoflagellates of the genus Dinophysis, which induce severe liver damage in mice after i.p. injection. Here, we have looked for the mechanism(s) underlying this hepatotoxicity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of pectenotoxin (PTX)-1, PTX-2, PTX-2 seco acid (PTX-2SA) and PTX-11 were measured in a hepatocyte cell line with cancer cell characteristics (Clone 9) and in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Cell morphology was assessed by confocal microscopy; F- and G-actin were selectively stained and cell viability measured by Alamar Blue fluorescence. KEY RESULTS Clone 9 cells and primary hepatocytes showed a marked depolymerization of F-actin with PTX-1, PTX-2 and PTX-11 (1-1000 nM) associated with an increase in G-actin level. However, morphology was only clearly altered in Clone 9 cells. PTX-2SA had no effect on the actin cytoskeleton. Despite the potent F-actin depolymerizing effect, PTX-1, PTX-2 or PTX-11 did not decrease the viability of Clone 9 cells after 24-h treatment. Only prolonged incubation (> 48 h) with PTXs induced a fall in viability, and under these conditions, morphology of both Clone 9 and primary hepatocytes was drastically changed. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Although the actin cytoskeleton was clearly altered by PTX-1, PTX-2 and PTX-11 in the hepatocyte cell line and primary hepatocytes, morphological assessments indicated a higher sensitivity of the cancer-like cell line to these toxins. However, viability of both cell types was not altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Espiña
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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