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Wang M, Ji Q, Lai B, Liu Y, Mei K. Structure-function and engineering of plant UDP-glycosyltransferase. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5358-5371. [PMID: 37965058 PMCID: PMC10641439 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products synthesized by plants have substantial industrial and medicinal values and are therefore attracting increasing interest in various related industries. Among the key enzyme families involved in the biosynthesis of natural products, uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play a crucial role in plants. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to elucidate the catalytic mechanisms and substrate recognition of plant UGTs and to improve them for desired functions. In this review, we presented a comprehensive overview of all currently published structures of plant UGTs, along with in-depth analyses of the corresponding catalytic and substrate recognition mechanisms. In addition, we summarized and evaluated the protein engineering strategies applied to improve the catalytic activities of plant UGTs, with a particular focus on high-throughput screening methods. The primary objective of this review is to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of plant UGTs and to serve as a valuable reference for the latest techniques used to improve their activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qiushuang Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bin Lai
- BMBF junior research group Biophotovoltaics, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Yirong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kunrong Mei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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2
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Anti–Zika Virus Activity and Isolation of Flavonoids from Ethanol Extracts of Curatella americana L. Leaves. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062546. [PMID: 36985517 PMCID: PMC10054362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ethnomedicinal plant Curatella americana L. (Dilleniaceae) is a common shrub in the Brazilian Cerrado, whose ethanolic extract showed significant in vitro anti–Zika virus activity by the MTT colorimetric method. Currently, there is no drug in clinical use specifically for the treatment of this virus; therefore, in this work, the antiviral and cytotoxic properties of the ethanolic extract, fractions, and compounds were evaluated. The ethanolic extract of the leaves showed no cytotoxicity for the human MRC-5 cell and was moderately cytotoxic for the Vero cell (CC50 161.5 ± 2.01 µg/mL). This extract inhibited the Zika virus multiplication cycle with an EC50 of 85.2 ± 1.65 µg/mL. This extract was fractionated using the liquid–liquid partition technique, and the ethyl acetate fraction showed significant activity against the Zika virus with an EC50 of 40.7 ± 2.33 µg/mL. From the ethyl acetate fraction, the flavonoids quercetin-3-O-hexosylgallate (1), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (2), and quercetin (5) were isolated, and in addition to these compounds, a mixture of quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (3) and quercetin-3-O-arabinoside (4) was also obtained. The isolated compounds quercetin and quercetin-3-O-hexosylgallate inhibited the viral cytopathic effect at an EC50 of 18.6 ± 2.8 and 152.8 ± 2.0, respectively. Additionally, analyses by liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer allowed the identification of another 24 minor phenolic constituents present in the ethanolic extract and in the ethyl acetate fraction of this species.
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Thuan NH, Tatipamula VB, Canh NX, Van Giang N. Recent advances in microbial co-culture for production of value-added compounds. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:115. [PMID: 35547018 PMCID: PMC9018925 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Micro-organisms have often been used to produce bioactive compounds as antibiotics, antifungals, and anti-tumors, etc. due to their easy and applicable culture, genetic manipulation, and extraction, etc. Mainly, microbial mono-cultures have been applied to produce value-added compounds and gotten numerous valuable results. However, mono-culture also has several complicated problems, such as metabolic burdens affecting the growth and development of the host, leading to a decrease in titer of the target compound. To circumvent those limitations, microbial co-culture has been technically developed and gained much interest compared to mono-culture. For example, co-culture simplifies the design of artificial biosynthetic pathways and restricts the recombinant host's metabolic burden, causing increased titer of desired compounds. This paper summarizes the recent advanced progress in applying microbial platform co-culture to produce natural products, such as flavonoid, terpenoid, alkaloid, etc. Furthermore, importantly different strategies for enhancing production, overcoming the metabolic burdens, building autonomous modulation of cell growth rate and culture composition in response to a quorum-sensing signal, etc., were also described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huy Thuan
- Center for Molecular Biology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000 Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Xuan Canh
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gialam, Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Giang
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gialam, Hanoi Vietnam
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Mourão Mulvaney LC, Xavier-Júnior FH, Rodrigues AMS, Stien D, Allegretti SM, Garcia VL. Antimicrobial and anthelmintic activities of the ethanolic extract, fractions and isolated compounds from Manilkara zapota L. P. Royen (Sapotaceae). J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:377-387. [PMID: 33793883 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the antibacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic activities of the ethanolic extract (EEMz), fractions (LPFMz and HPFMz) and compounds isolated from the leaves of Manilkara zapota L. P. Royen. METHODS Extract and fractions were produced by turbolization. LPFMz fraction was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds from HPFMz were purified by flash and preparative chromatographic methods, and chemically characterised by UPLC-ESITOFMS, optical rotation, and one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C NMR techniques. Anthelmintic against Strongyloides venezuelensis and antimicrobial activities against Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS EEMz showed mainly phenolic compounds and pentacyclic triterpenes from Δ12-oleane/Δ12-ursane series. Chlorogenic acid, myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, mearnsitrin, germanicol and germanicol acetate were reported to M. zapota leaves for the first time in this work. EEMz, HPFMz, LPFMz showed significative activity against C. albicans (16 µg/mL), while isolated flavonoids were active against S. aureus (<32 µg/mL). EEMz, phenolic-rich compounds (F2), and chlorogenic acid were potentially active against S. venezuelensis at 24 h. CONCLUSIONS M. zapota and its bioactive compound can be eligible such as a potential phytomedicine for the treatment of microbial and strongyloidiasis drug-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layany Carolyny Mourão Mulvaney
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,CNRS- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Alice M S Rodrigues
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-mer, France
| | - Didier Stien
- CNRS- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-mer, France
| | | | - Vera Lúcia Garcia
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Yin Q, Han X, Chen J, Han Z, Shen L, Sun W, Chen S. Identification of Specific Glycosyltransferases Involved in Flavonol Glucoside Biosynthesis in Ginseng Using Integrative Metabolite Profiles, DIA Proteomics, and Phylogenetic Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1714-1726. [PMID: 33512142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng contains a variety of flavonol glycosides that possess diverse biological activities; however, scant information of flavonoid glycosylation was reported in ginseng. We found that panasenoside and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside were commonly accumulated along with cultivation years in leaves. In order to explore the procedure of flavonol glycosylation in ginseng, 50 UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) were screened out using differentiated data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics and phylogenetic analysis. UGT92A10 and UGT94Q4 were found contributing to the formation of kaempferol 3-O-glucoside. UGT73A18, UGT74T4, and UGT75W1 could catalyze galactosylation of kaempferol 3-O-glucoside. Ser278, Trp335, Gln338, and Val339 were found forming hydrogen bonds with UDP-galactose in UGT75W1 by docking. MeJA induced transcripts of UGT73A18 and UGT74T4 by over fourfold, consistent with the decrease of kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, which indicated that these genes may be related to resisting adversity stress in ginseng. These results highlight the significance of integrative metabolite profiles, proteomics, and phylogenetic analysis for exploring flavonol glycosylation in ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jingwang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zongxian Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Catechol-Type Flavonoids from the Branches of Elaeagnus glabra f. oxyphylla Exert Antioxidant Activity and an Inhibitory Effect on Amyloid-β Aggregation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214917. [PMID: 33114256 PMCID: PMC7660689 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elaeagnus glabra f. oxyphylla (Elaeagnaceae) is a small evergreen tree with narrow lanceolate leaves that is native to Korea. In this work, we studied the chemical composition of E. glabra f. oxyphylla branches (EGFOB) for the first time. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of the ethanol extract of EGFOB and each of its chemical components on key mediators of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), namely, amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation and oxidative stress. The ethanol extract of EGFOB decreased Aβ aggregation (IC50 = 32.01 µg/mL) and the levels of the oxidative free radicals 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC50 = 11.35 and 12.32 µg/mL, respectively). Sixteen compounds were isolated from EGFOB. Among them, procyanidin B3 (8), procyanidin B4 (9), and helichrysoside (13) significantly inhibited Aβ aggregation (IC50 = 14.59, 32.64, and 44.45 μM, respectively), indicating their potential as bioactive compounds to control Aβ aggregation. Furthermore, these compounds markedly enhanced in vitro scavenging activity against ABTS (IC50 = 3.21–4.61 µM). In the DPPH test, they showed lower scavenging activity than in the ABTS test (IC50 ≥ 54.88 µM). Thus, these results suggest that EGFOB and specifically compounds 8, 9, and 13 may be beneficial in AD prevention and treatment through their antioxidant and anti-Aβ aggregation activities.
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Zhao Z, Ren C, Xie L, Xing M, Zhu C, Jin R, Xu C, Sun C, Li X. Functional analysis of PpRHM1 and PpRHM2 involved in UDP-l-rhamnose biosynthesis in Prunus persica. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:658-666. [PMID: 32861032 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
UDP-l-rhamnose (UDP-Rha) is an important sugar donor for glycosylation of various cell molecules in plant. Rhamnosides are widely present in different plant tissues and play important biological roles under different developmental or environmental conditions. However, enzymes involved in UDP-Rha biosynthesis and their encoding genes have been identified in few plants, which limits the functional analysis of plant rhamnosides. Here, two UDP-Rha biosynthesis genes, named PpRHM1 (2028 bp) and PpRHM2 (2016 bp), were isolated and characterized from Prunus persica, which is rich sources of flavonol rhamnosides. Both recombinant RHM proteins can catalyze the transformation from UDP-d-glucose (UDP-Glc) to UDP-Rha, which was confirmed by LC-MS and formation of flavonol rhamnosides. Biochemical analysis showed that both recombinant RHM proteins preferred alkaline conditions in pH range of 8.0-9.0 and had optimal reaction temperature between 25 and 30 °C. PpRHM1 showed the better UDP-Glc substrate affinity with Km of 360.01 μM. Gene expression analysis showed different transcript levels of both RHMs in all plant tissues tested, indicating the involvement of rhamnosides in various tissues in plant. Such results provide better understanding of UDP-Rha biosynthesis in fruit tree and may be helpful for further investigation of various rhamnose derivatives and their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikang Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chuanhong Ren
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Linfeng Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mengyun Xing
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Changqing Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Changjie Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chongde Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Nieto-Domínguez M, Fernández de Toro B, de Eugenio LI, Santana AG, Bejarano-Muñoz L, Armstrong Z, Méndez-Líter JA, Asensio JL, Prieto A, Withers SG, Cañada FJ, Martínez MJ. Thioglycoligase derived from fungal GH3 β-xylosidase is a multi-glycoligase with broad acceptor tolerance. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4864. [PMID: 32978392 PMCID: PMC7519651 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of customized glycoconjugates constitutes a major goal for biocatalysis. To this end, engineered glycosidases have received great attention and, among them, thioglycoligases have proved useful to connect carbohydrates to non-sugar acceptors. However, hitherto the scope of these biocatalysts was considered limited to strong nucleophilic acceptors. Based on the particularities of the GH3 glycosidase family active site, we hypothesized that converting a suitable member into a thioglycoligase could boost the acceptor range. Herein we show the engineering of an acidophilic fungal β-xylosidase into a thioglycoligase with broad acceptor promiscuity. The mutant enzyme displays the ability to form O-, N-, S- and Se- glycosides together with sugar esters and phosphoesters with conversion yields from moderate to high. Analyses also indicate that the pKa of the target compound was the main factor to determine its suitability as glycosylation acceptor. These results expand on the glycoconjugate portfolio attainable through biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieto-Domínguez
- Biotechnology for Lignocellulosic Biomass Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Fernández de Toro
- NMR and Molecular Recognition Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura I de Eugenio
- Biotechnology for Lignocellulosic Biomass Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés G Santana
- Glycochemistry and Molecular recognition group, Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Bejarano-Muñoz
- Biotechnology for Lignocellulosic Biomass Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zach Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Juan Antonio Méndez-Líter
- Biotechnology for Lignocellulosic Biomass Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Asensio
- Glycochemistry and Molecular recognition group, Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Prieto
- Biotechnology for Lignocellulosic Biomass Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephen G Withers
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Francisco Javier Cañada
- NMR and Molecular Recognition Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Martínez
- Biotechnology for Lignocellulosic Biomass Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Li D, Chen G, Ma B, Zhong C, He N. Metabolic Profiling and Transcriptome Analysis of Mulberry Leaves Provide Insights into Flavonoid Biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1494-1504. [PMID: 31917553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are widely distributed in mulberry leaves and have been recognized for their beneficial physiological effects on the human health. Here, we analyzed variations in 44 flavonoid compounds among 91 mulberry resources. Metabolic profiling revealed that O-rhamnosylated flavonols and malonylated flavonol glycosides, including rutin and quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-malonylglucoside) (Q3MG), were absent from Morus notabilis and multiple mulberry (Morus alba L.) resources. Transcriptome and phylogenetic analyses of flavonoid-related UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) suggested that the flavonol 3-O-glucoside-O-rhamnosyltransferase (FGRT) KT324624 is a key enzyme involved in rutin synthesis. A recombinant FGRT protein was able to convert kaempferol/quercetin 3-O-glucoside to kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (K3G6″Rha) and rutin. The recombinant FGRT was able to use 3-O-glucosylated flavonols but not flavonoid aglycones or 7-O-glycosylated flavonoids as substrates. The enzyme preferentially used UDP-rhamnose as the sugar donor, indicating that it was a flavonol 3-O-glucoside: 6″-O-rhamnosyltransferase. This study provided insights into the biosynthesis of rutin in mulberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Bi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Chengzhang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Ningjia He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
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Tawfeek N, Sobeh M, Hamdan DI, Farrag N, Roxo M, El-Shazly AM, Wink M. Phenolic Compounds from Populus alba L. and Salix subserrata Willd. (Salicaceae) Counteract Oxidative Stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101999. [PMID: 31137712 PMCID: PMC6571762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilizing bioassay- and TLC-guided column chromatography, fifteen secondary metabolites from Populus alba and eight compounds from Salix subserrata were isolated, including a novel plant metabolite salicyl ether and characterized using ultralviolet light (UV) absorbance, mass spectrometry (MS), 1H-, 13C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC). The extracts, their sub-fractions and the isolated compounds exhibited promising antioxidant activities in vitro in DPPH and FRAP assays. Also, the extracts of P. alba leaf (PL), shoots (PS), and S. subserrata leaf (SL) demonstrated substantial antioxidant activities in vivo in the multicellular model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. For the first time, the isolated secondary metabolites, aromadendrin, tremuloidin, salicin, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-rutinoside, gallocatechin, triandrin, and chrysoeriol-7-O-glucuronide were investigated. They exhibited substantial antioxidant activities in vivo. Salicin, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-rutinoside and gallocatechin, in particular, protected the worms against a lethal dose of the pro-oxidant juglone (80 µM), decreased the endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) level to 45.34%, 47.31%, 68.09% and reduced juglone- induced hsp-16.2::GFP (green fluorescence protein) expression to 79.62%, 70.17%, 26.77%, respectively. However, only gallocatechin induced higher levels of sod-3 expression. These findings support the traditional use of Populus alba and Salix subserrata for treating inflammation especially when ROS are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Tawfeek
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- AgroBioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay MoulayRachid, 43150 Ben-Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Dalia I Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin Elkom 32511, Egypt.
| | - Nawaal Farrag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mariana Roxo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Assem M El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Mughal EU, Javid A, Sadiq A, Murtaza S, Zafar MN, Khan BA, Sumrra SH, Tahir MN, Kanwal, Khan KM. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship and molecular docking studies of 3-O-flavonol glycosides as cholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3696-3706. [PMID: 29886083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prime objective of this research work is to prepare readily soluble synthetic analogues of naturally occurring 3-O-flavonol glycosides and then investigate the influence of various substituents on biological properties of synthetic compounds. In this context, a series of varyingly substituted 3-O-flavonol glycosides have been designed, synthesized and characterized efficiently. The structures of synthetic molecules were unambiguously corroborated by IR, 1H, 13C NMR and ESI-MS spectroscopic techniques. The structure of compound 22 was also analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis. All the synthetic compounds (21-30) were evaluated for in vitro inhibitory potential against cholinesterase enzymes. The results displayed that most of the derivatives were potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with varying degree of IC50 values. The experimental results were further encouraged by molecular docking studies in order to explore their binding behavior with the active pocket of AChE and BChE enzymes. The experimental and theoretical results are in parallel with one another.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asif Javid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Murtaza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | | | - Bilal Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Kanwal
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Afolayan M, Srivedavyasasri R, Asekun OT, Familoni OB, Ross SA. Chemical and biological studies on Bridelia ferruginea grown in Nigeria. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:287-291. [PMID: 29457749 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1440225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of dried leaves of Bridelia ferruginea led to the isolation and identification of fourteen compounds (1-14): compound 1 [mixture of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids], stearyl monoester of 2-O-β-ᴅ-glucosylglycerol (2), 6β-hydroxy-(20R)-24-ethylcholest-4-en-3-one (3a), 6β-hydroxy-(20R)-24-ethylcholest-4,22-dien-3-one (3b), lutein (4), vomifoliol (5), corilagin (6), kaempferide-3-O-β-ᴅ-glucoside (7), myricetin (8), isomericitrin (9), isoquercetin (10), myricitrin (11), quercitrin (12), rutin (13), and β-sitosterol glucoside (14). The total extract exhibited moderate activity towards CB2 receptor and 90% inhibition against leishmanial pathogen Trypanosoma brucei. Compound 4 exhibited 73% displacement in CB2 receptor with IC50 56.47 μM, and 93% inhibition towards T. brucei with IC50 4.16 μM. Compound 11 showed 99% inhibition towards Escherichia coli with IC50 1.123 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Afolayan
- a National Center for Natural Product Research , University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA.,b Department of Chemistry , University of Lagos , Lagos , Nigeria.,c Chemistry Advanced Research Center , Sheda Science and Technology Complex , Garki-Abuja , Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Samir A Ross
- a National Center for Natural Product Research , University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA.,d Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA
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13
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Cai R, Chen C, Li Y, Sun K, Zhou F, Chen K, Jia H. Improved soluble bacterial expression and properties of the recombinant flavonoid glucosyltransferase UGT73G1 from Allium cepa. J Biotechnol 2017. [PMID: 28627388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation of quercetin using flavonol-specific glycosyltransferases offers an alternate method for isoquercitrin production. Obtaining sufficient quantities of bioactive enzymes is an important prerequisite for highly effective biocatalysis and biotransformation. In this study, a codon-optimized gene for the flavonoid glucosyltransferase UGT73G1 from Allium cepa was heterologously expressed in the preferred prokaryotic expression host Escherichia coli. By combining expression as a fusion protein with 6-histidine tags with coexpression with molecular chaperones, increased soluble expression of UGT73G1 was achieved in E. coli. Two-terminal 6-histidine tags contributed more to the expression than molecular chaperones, as demonstrated by comparison of specific activities in crude extracts obtained from the recombinant E. coli strains. Studies of the catalytic properties of purified UGT73G1 indicated that its activity was significantly promoted by Mn2+ and Mg2+, while it was strongly inhibited by Cu2+. These expression strategies enhanced the solubility and activity of the overexpressed protein and enabled characterization of this plant-derived glucosyltransferase expressed in a prokaryotic host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxin Cai
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Caihong Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Yichang Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Kaiyan Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kequan Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Honghua Jia
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2011-2012. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:255-422. [PMID: 26270629 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review is the seventh update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2012. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural types constitute the remainder. The main groups of compound are oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:255-422, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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15
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Microbial production of astilbin, a bioactive rhamnosylated flavanonol, from taxifolin. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:36. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Pandey RP, Parajuli P, Koffas MA, Sohng JK. Microbial production of natural and non-natural flavonoids: Pathway engineering, directed evolution and systems/synthetic biology. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:634-662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Recent developments in the enzymatic O-glycosylation of flavonoids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4269-81. [PMID: 27029191 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The glycosylation of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, is of particular relevance, as it modulates many of their pharmacokinetic parameters. This article reviews the literature between 2010 and the end of 2015 that deals with the enzymatic O-glycosylation of this class of compounds. Enzymes of glycosyltransferase family 1 remain the biocatalysts of choice for glycodiversification of flavonoids, in spite of relatively low yields. Transfers of 14 different sugars, in addition to glucose, were reported. Several Escherichia coli strains were metabolically engineered to enable a (more efficient) synthesis of the required donor during in vivo glycosylations. For the transfer of glucose, enzymes of glycoside hydrolase families 13 and 70 were successfully assayed with several flavonoids. The number of acceptor substrates and of regiospecificities characterized so far is smaller than for glycosyltransferases. However, their glycosyl donors are much cheaper and yields are considerably higher. A few success stories of enzyme engineering were reported. These improved the catalytic efficiency as well as donor, acceptor, or product ranges. Currently, the development of appropriate high-throughput screening systems appears to be the major bottleneck for this powerful technology.
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18
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Mo T, Liu X, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang L, Wang J, Zhang Z, Shi S, Tu P. Expanded investigations of the aglycon promiscuity and catalysis characteristic of flavonol 3-O-rhamnosyltransferase AtUGT78D1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16251g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhamnosides usually possess better bioavailabilities and improved solubilities compared with their aglycons and are a major source of bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Mo
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
| | - Xiao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Yuyu Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
| | - Juan Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
| | - Zhongxiu Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
| | - Shepo Shi
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
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19
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Zhao S, Park CH, Li X, Kim YB, Yang J, Sung GB, Park NI, Kim S, Park SU. Accumulation of Rutin and Betulinic Acid and Expression of Phenylpropanoid and Triterpenoid Biosynthetic Genes in Mulberry (Morus alba L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8622-8630. [PMID: 26343778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is used in traditional Chinese medicine and is the sole food source of the silkworm. Here, 21 cDNAs encoding phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes and 21 cDNAs encoding triterpene biosynthetic genes were isolated from mulberry. The expression levels of genes involved in these biosynthetic pathways and the accumulation of rutin, betulin, and betulinic acid, important secondary metabolites, were investigated in different plant organs. Most phenylpropanoid and triterpene biosynthetic genes were highly expressed in leaves and/or fruit, and most genes were downregulated during fruit ripening. The accumulation of rutin was more than fivefold higher in leaves than in other organs, and higher levels of betulin and betulinic acid were found in roots and leaves than in fruit. By comparing the contents of these compounds with gene expression levels, we speculate that MaUGT78D1 and MaLUS play important regulatory roles in the rutin and betulin biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Zhao
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Yeon Bok Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration , Bisanro 92, Eumseong, Chungbuk, 369-873, Korea
| | - Jingli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Northeast Forestry University , 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Gyoo Byung Sung
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration , Wanju 565-851, Korea
| | - Nam Il Park
- Deptartment of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University 7 Jukheon-gil , Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 210-702, Korea
| | - Soonok Kim
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources , Incheon 404-170, Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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20
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Hilbert G, Temsamani H, Bordenave L, Pedrot E, Chaher N, Cluzet S, Delaunay JC, Ollat N, Delrot S, Mérillon JM, Gomès E, Richard T. Flavonol profiles in berries of wild Vitis accessions using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Food Chem 2015; 169:49-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Improvement of Regio-Specific Production of Myricetin-3-O-α-l-Rhamnoside in Engineered Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:1956-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Mora-Pale M, Sanchez-Rodriguez SP, Linhardt RJ, Dordick JS, Koffas MAG. Metabolic engineering and in vitro biosynthesis of phytochemicals and non-natural analogues. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 210:10-24. [PMID: 23849109 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, natural products from plants and their non-natural derivatives have shown to be active against different types of chronic diseases. However, isolation of such natural products can be limited due to their low bioavailability, and environmental restrictions. To address these issues, in vivo and in vitro reconstruction of plant metabolic pathways and the metabolic engineering of microbes and plants have been used to generate libraries of compounds. Significant advances have been made through metabolic engineering of microbes and plant cells to generate a variety of compounds (e.g. isoprenoids, flavonoids, or stilbenes) using a diverse array of methods to optimize these processes (e.g. host selection, operational variables, precursor selection, gene modifications). These approaches have been used also to generate non-natural analogues with different bioactivities. In vitro biosynthesis allows the synthesis of intermediates as well as final products avoiding post-translational limitations. Moreover, this strategy allows the use of substrates and the production of metabolites that could be toxic for cells, or expand the biosynthesis into non-conventional media (e.g. organic solvents, supercritical fluids). A perspective is also provided on the challenges for generating novel chemical structures and the potential of combining metabolic engineering and in vitro biocatalysis to produce metabolites with more potent biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Mora-Pale
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies (CBIS), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, United States
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Malla S, Pandey RP, Kim BG, Sohng JK. Regiospecific modifications of naringenin for astragalin production in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:2525-35. [PMID: 23568509 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the production of astragalin (AST) from regiospecific modifications of naringenin (NRN) in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The exogenously supplied NRN was converted into dihydrokaempferol (DHK) and then kaempferol (KMF) in the presence of flavanone-3-hydroxylase (f3h) and flavonone synthase (fls1) from Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively. KMF was further modified to produce AST by 3-O-glucosylation utilizing the endogeneous UDP-glucose in presence of UGT78K1 from Glycine max. To increase the intracellular UDP-glucose concentration by channeling the carbon flux toward UDP-glucose at the branch point of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), the chromosomal glucose phosphate isomerase (pgi) and D-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (zwf) were knocked-out in E. coli BL21(DE3). The two enzymes directly involved in the synthesis of UDP-glucose from G6P, phosphoglucomutase (nfa44530) from Nocardia farcinia and glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (galU) from E. coli K12 were overexpressed, which successfully diverted the carbon flow from glycolysis to the synthesis of UDP-glucose. Furthermore, to prevent the dissociation of UDP-glucose into UDP and glucose, the UDP-glucose hydrolase (ushA) was deleted. The E. coli ΔpgiΔzwfΔushA mutant harboring the UDP-glucose biosynthetic pathway and the aforementioned genes for the regiospecific glucosylation produced 109.3 mg/L (244 µM) of AST representing 48.8% conversion from 500 µM of NRN in 60 h without any supplementation of extracellular UDP-glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailesh Malla
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology and Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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