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Liu J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Cheng Q, Liu H, He L, Chen L, Zhao T, Liang P, Luo W. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Identifies Angiotensinogen and Galanin as Unique Molecular Markers of Acinar Cells in Murine Salivary Glands. Stem Cells Dev 2023; 32:758-767. [PMID: 37823745 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The submandibular gland (SMG) and sublingual gland (SLG) are two of three major salivary glands in mammals and comprise serous and mucous acinar cells. The two glands share some functional properties, which are largely dependent on the types of acinar cells. In recent years, while ScRNA-seq (single-cell sequencing) with a 10 × platform has been used to explore molecular markers in salivary glands, few studies have examined the acinar heterogeneity and unique molecular markers between SMG and SLG. This study aimed to identify the molecular markers of acinar cells in the SLG and SMG. We performed ScRNA-seq analyses in 4-week-old mice and verified the screened molecular markers using reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Our results showed prominently heterogeneous acinar cells, although there was great similarity in the cluster composition between the two glands at 4 weeks. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Agt is a specific marker of SMG serous acinar cells, whereas Gal is a specific marker of SLG mucous acinar cells. Trajectory inference revealed that Agt and Gal represent two types of differential acinar cell clusters during late development in adults. Thus, we reveal previously unknown specific markers for salivary acinar cell diversity, which has extensive implications for their further functional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianyu Cheng
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Huikai Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liwen He
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Panpan Liang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenping Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory Animal Ceter, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Aure MH, Symonds JM, Villapudua CU, Dodge JT, Werner S, Knosp WM, Hoffman MP. FGFR2 is essential for salivary gland duct homeostasis and MAPK-dependent seromucous acinar cell differentiation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6485. [PMID: 37838739 PMCID: PMC10576811 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Exocrine acinar cells in salivary glands (SG) are critical for oral health and loss of functional acinar cells is a major clinical challenge. Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) are essential for early development of multiple organs, including SG. However, the role of FGFR signaling in specific populations later in development and during acinar differentiation are unknown. Here, we use scRNAseq and conditional deletion of murine FGFRs in vivo to identify essential roles for FGFRs in craniofacial, early SG development and progenitor function during duct homeostasis. Importantly, we also discover that FGFR2 via MAPK signaling is critical for seromucous acinar differentiation and secretory gene expression, while FGFR1 is dispensable. We show that FGF7, expressed by myoepithelial cells (MEC), activates the FGFR2-dependent seromucous transcriptional program. Here, we propose a model where MEC-derived FGF7 drives seromucous acinar differentiation, providing a rationale for targeting FGFR2 signaling in regenerative therapies to restore acinar function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jennifer M Symonds
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos U Villapudua
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua T Dodge
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendy M Knosp
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew P Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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3
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Bonnet H, Isidro Alonso CA, Gupta IR. Submandibular gland epithelial development and the importance of junctions. Tissue Barriers 2023; 11:2161255. [PMID: 36576256 PMCID: PMC10606785 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2161255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands consist of highly specialized epithelial cells that secrete the fluid, saliva, and/or transport saliva into the oral cavity. Saliva is essential to lubricate the oral cavity for food consumption and to maintain the hygiene of the oral cavity. In this review, we will focus on the formation of the epithelial cell lineage and the cell junctions that are essential for formation of saliva and maintenance of the epithelial barrier between the ducts that transport saliva and the extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Agustin Isidro Alonso
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Indra R. Gupta
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Wahl AM, Takano T, Su S, Warner BM, Perez P, Sneyd J, Yule DI. Structural and functional analysis of salivary intercalated duct cells reveals a secretory phenotype. J Physiol 2023; 601:4539-4556. [PMID: 37724716 PMCID: PMC10591963 DOI: 10.1113/jp285104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, all salivary ducts (intercalated, striated and collecting) are assumed to function broadly in a similar manner, reclaiming ions that were secreted by the secretory acinar cells while preserving fluid volume and delivering saliva to the oral cavity. Nevertheless, there has been minimal investigation into the structural and functional differences between distinct types of salivary duct cells. Therefore, in this study, the expression profile of proteins involved in stimulus-secretion coupling, as well as the function of the intercalated duct (ID) and striated duct cells, was examined. Particular focus was placed on defining differences between distinct duct cell populations. To accomplish this, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were utilized to examine the localization and expression of proteins involved in reabsorption and secretion of ions and fluid. Further, in vivo calcium imaging was employed to investigate cellular function. Based on the protein expression profile and functional data, marked differences between the IDs and striated ducts were observed. Specifically, the ID cells express proteins native to the secretory acinar cells while lacking proteins specifically expressed in the striated ducts. Further, the ID and striated duct cells display different calcium signalling characteristics, with the IDs responding to a neural stimulus in a manner similar to the acinar cells. Overall, our data suggest that the IDs have a distinct role in the secretory process, separate from the reabsorptive striated ducts. Instead, based on our evidence, the IDs express proteins found in secretory cells, generate calcium signals in a manner similar to acinar cells, and, therefore, are likely secretory cells. KEY POINTS: Current studies examining salivary intercalated duct cells are limited, with minimal documentation of the ion transport machinery and the overall role of the cells in fluid generation. Salivary intercalated duct cells are presumed to function in the same manner as other duct cells, reclaiming ions, maintaining fluid volume and delivering the final saliva to the oral cavity. Here we systematically examine the structure and function of the salivary intercalated duct cells using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and by monitoring in vivo Ca2+ dynamics. Structural data revealed that the intercalated duct cells lack proteins vital for reabsorption and express proteins necessary for secretion. Ca2+ dynamics in the intercalated duct cells were consistent with those observed in secretory cells and resulted from GPCR-mediated IP3 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Wahl
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Takahiro Takano
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shan Su
- Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Paola Perez
- Salivary Disorders Unit, NIDCR, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James Sneyd
- Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Wang T, Huang Q, Rao Z, Liu F, Su X, Zhai X, Ma J, Liang Y, Quan D, Liao G, Bai Y, Zhang S. Injectable decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogel promotes salivary gland regeneration via endogenous stem cell recruitment and suppression of fibrogenesis. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:256-272. [PMID: 37557943 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is key to the maintenance of oral homeostasis. However, several forms of salivary gland (SG) disorders, followed by hyposalivation, often result in dental caries, oral infection, and decreased taste, which dramatically affect the quality of patient's life. Functional biomaterials hold great potential for tissue regeneration in damaged or dysfunctional SGs and maintaining the good health of oral cavity. Herein, we prepared an injectable hydrogel derived from decellularized porcine submandibular glands (pDSG-gel), the material and biological properties of the hydrogel were systematically investigated. First, good biocompatibility and bioactivities of the pDSG-gel were validated in 2D and 3D cultures of primary submandibular gland mesenchymal stem cells (SGMSCs). Especially, the pDSG-gel effectively facilitated SGMSCs migration and recruitment through the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, suggested by transcriptomic analysis and immunoblotting. Furthermore, proteomic analysis of the pDSG revealed that many extracellular matrix components and secreted factors were preserved, which may contribute to stem cell homing. The recruitment of endogenous SG cells was confirmed in vivo, upon in situ injection of the pDSG-gel into the defective SGs in rats. Acinar and ductal-like structures were evident in the injury sites after pDSG-gel treatment, suggesting the reconstruction of functional SG units. Meanwhile, histological characterizations showed that the administration of the pDSG-gel also significantly suppressed fibrogenesis within the injured SG tissues. Taken together, this tissue-specific hydrogel provides a pro-regenerative microenvironment for endogenous SG regeneration and holds great promise as a powerful and bioactive material for future treatments of SG diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has been acknowledged as one of the most promising biomaterials that recapitalizes the microenvironment in native tissues. Hydrogel derived from the dECM allows in situ administration for tissue repair. Herein, a tissue-specific dECM hydrogel derived from porcine salivary glands (pDSG-gel) was successfully prepared and developed for functional reconstruction of defective salivary gland (SG) tissues. The pDSG-gel effectively accelerated endogenous SG stem cells migration and their recruitment for acinar- and ductal-like regeneration, which was attributed to the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Additionally, the introduction of the pDSG-gel resulted in highly suppressed fibrogenesis in the defective tissues. These outcomes indicated that the pDSG-gel holds great potential in clinical translation toward SG regeneration through cell-free treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Qiting Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Zilong Rao
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Biomaterials, PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Xinyun Su
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Xuefan Zhai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Jingxin Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Daping Quan
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Biomaterials, PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiqing Liao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
| | - Ying Bai
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Biomaterials, PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Sien Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
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6
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Bai Y, Di G, Ge H, Li B, Zhang K, Zhang D, Wang D, Chen P. Regulation of Axon Guidance by Slit2 and Netrin-1 Signaling in the Lacrimal Gland of Aqp5 Knockout Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:27. [PMID: 37707834 PMCID: PMC10506685 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.12.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dry eye disease (DED) is multifactorial and associated with nerve abnormalities. We explored an Aquaporin 5 (AQP5)-deficiency-induced JunB activation mechanism, which causes abnormal lacrimal gland (LG) nerve distribution through Slit2 upregulation and Netrin-1 repression. Methods Aqp5 knockout (Aqp5-/-) and wild-type (Aqp5+/+) mice were studied. LGs were permeabilized and stained with neuronal class III β-tubulin, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Whole-mount images were acquired through tissue clearing and 3D fluorescence imaging. Mouse primary trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons were treated with LG extracts and Netrin-1/Slit2 neutralizing antibody. Transcription factor (TF) prediction and chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-PCR) experiments verified the JunB binding and regulatory effect on Netrin-1 and Slit2. Results Three-dimensional tissue and section immunofluorescence showed reduced LG nerves in Aqp5-/- mice, with sympathetic and sensory nerves significantly decreased. Netrin-1 was reduced and Slit2 increased in Aqp5-/- mice LGs. Aqp5+/+ mice LG tissue extracts (TEs) promoted Aqp5-/- TG neurons axon growth, but Netrin-1 neutralizing antibody (NAb) could inhibit that promotion. Aqp5-/- mice LG TEs inhibited Aqp5+/+ TG axon growth, but Slit2 NAb alleviated that inhibition. Furthermore, JunB, a Netrin-1 and Slit2 TF, could bind them and regulate their expression. SR11302, meanwhile, reversed the Netrin-1 and Slit2 shifts caused by AQP5 deficiency. Conclusions AQP5 deficiency causes LG nerve abnormalities. Persistent JunB activation, the common denominator for Netrin-1 suppression and Slit2 induction, was found in Aqp5-/- mice LG epithelial cells. This affected sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers' distribution in LGs. Our findings provide insights into preventing, reversing, and treating DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guohu Di
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Stem Cell Regeneration Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huanhuan Ge
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kaier Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dianqiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Aier Eye Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Stem Cell Regeneration Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Calamita G, Delporte C. Insights into the Function of Aquaporins in Gastrointestinal Fluid Absorption and Secretion in Health and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2170. [PMID: 37681902 PMCID: PMC10486417 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), transmembrane proteins permeable to water, are involved in gastrointestinal secretion. The secretory products of the glands are delivered either to some organ cavities for exocrine glands or to the bloodstream for endocrine glands. The main secretory glands being part of the gastrointestinal system are salivary glands, gastric glands, duodenal Brunner's gland, liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, intestinal goblet cells, exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Due to their expression in gastrointestinal exocrine and endocrine glands, AQPs fulfill important roles in the secretion of various fluids involved in food handling. This review summarizes the contribution of AQPs in physiological and pathophysiological stages related to gastrointestinal secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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8
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Marinkovic M, Tran ON, Wang H, Abdul-Azees P, Dean DD, Chen XD, Yeh CK. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells offer a new paradigm for salivary gland regeneration. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:18. [PMID: 37165024 PMCID: PMC10172302 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland (SG) dysfunction, due to radiotherapy, disease, or aging, is a clinical manifestation that has the potential to cause severe oral and/or systemic diseases and compromise quality of life. Currently, the standard-of-care for this condition remains palliative. A variety of approaches have been employed to restore saliva production, but they have largely failed due to damage to both secretory cells and the extracellular matrix (niche). Transplantation of allogeneic cells from healthy donors has been suggested as a potential solution, but no definitive population of SG stem cells, capable of regenerating the gland, has been identified. Alternatively, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are abundant, well characterized, and during SG development/homeostasis engage in signaling crosstalk with the SG epithelium. Further, the trans-differentiation potential of these cells and their ability to regenerate SG tissues have been demonstrated. However, recent findings suggest that the "immuno-privileged" status of allogeneic adult MSCs may not reflect their status post-transplantation. In contrast, autologous MSCs can be recovered from healthy tissues and do not present a challenge to the recipient's immune system. With recent advances in our ability to expand MSCs in vitro on tissue-specific matrices, autologous MSCs may offer a new therapeutic paradigm for restoration of SG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Marinkovic
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Olivia N Tran
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hanzhou Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Parveez Abdul-Azees
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David D Dean
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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9
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Matsuyama K, Fujikawa K, Matsuki-Fukushima M, Shibato J, Kimura A, Yamashita M, Takenoya F, Rakwal R, Shioda S, Nonaka N. Ontogenetic development of the water channel protein AQP5 in mouse salivary gland tissue. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03762-w. [PMID: 36918428 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03762-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQP) are a family of channel proteins expressed in the cell membranes of many tissue types. As water channels, they enable the selective permeation of water molecules and thus play an important role in water transport through the plasma membrane. There are numerous AQP sub-types, among which AQP5 is expressed in the salivary glands. The expression and localization of AQP5 in different salivary gland cells of animal models during fetal development and after birth have enabled the physiological functions of AQP5 to be elucidated, but subsequent changes in the adult phase are unknown. It is known that saliva production tends to decrease with age, but it is unclear how AQP5 activity and function changes developmentally, from young to old including gender differences. In the present study, we sampled the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands from young (8 weeks old) and aged (12 months old) mice of both sexes to study the effects of age- and sex-related differences in AQP5 expression. Positive fluorescence immunostaining was detected in the membranes of cells from all gland types, and this was enhanced in juvenile mice from both sexes. Western blot analyses revealed that AQP5 expression levels tended to decrease with age in both male and female animals. Conversely, AQP5 gene expression levels did not change significantly with aging, but were found to be high in submandibular gland cells of both sexes, in parotid gland cells of older female mice, and in the sublingual gland cells of young male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Matsuyama
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kaoru Fujikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Miwako Matsuki-Fukushima
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Junko Shibato
- Department of Functional Morphology, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48 Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 244-0806, Japan
| | - Ai Kimura
- Department of Functional Morphology, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48 Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 244-0806, Japan
| | - Michio Yamashita
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Takenoya
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Department of Functional Morphology, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48 Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 244-0806, Japan
| | - Naoko Nonaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
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10
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Kim YJ. Xerostomia and Its Cellular Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065358. [PMID: 36982432 PMCID: PMC10049126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia, the subjective feeling of a dry mouth associated with dysfunction of the salivary glands, is mainly caused by radiation and chemotherapy, various systemic and autoimmune diseases, and drugs. As saliva plays numerous essential roles in oral and systemic health, xerostomia significantly reduces quality of life, but its prevalence is increasing. Salivation mainly depends on parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves, and the salivary glands responsible for this secretion move fluid unidirectionally through structural features such as the polarity of acinar cells. Saliva secretion is initiated by the binding of released neurotransmitters from nerves to specific G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on acinar cells. This signal induces two intracellular calcium (Ca2+) pathways (Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane), and this increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) causes the translocation of the water channel aquaporin 5 (AQP5) to the apical membrane. Consequently, the GPCR-mediated increased [Ca2+]i in acinar cells promotes saliva secretion, and this saliva moves into the oral cavity through the ducts. In this review, we seek to elucidate the potential of GPCRs, the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), and AQP5, which are essential for salivation, as cellular targets in the etiology of xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jung Kim
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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11
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Involvement of aquaporin 5 in Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103268. [PMID: 36621535 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with the pathological hallmark of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of exocrine glands - more specifically salivary and lacrimal glands - resulting in a diminished production of tears and saliva (sicca syndrome). The pathophysiology underscoring the mechanisms of the sicca symptoms in SS has still yet to be unraveled but recent advances have identified a cardinal role of aquaporin-5 (AQP5) as a key player in saliva secretion as well as salivary gland epithelial cell dysregulation. AQP5 expression and localization are significantly altered in salivary glands from patients and mice models of the disease, shedding light on a putative mechanism accounting for diminished salivary flow. Furthermore, aberrant expression and localization of AQP5 protein partners, such as prolactin-inducible protein and ezrin, may account for altered AQP5 localization in salivary glands from patients suffering from SS and are considered as new players in SS development. This review provides an overview of the role of AQP5 in SS salivary gland epithelial cell dysregulation, focusing on its trafficking and protein-protein interactions.
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12
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Aure MH, Symonds JM, Villapudua CU, Dodge JT, Werner S, Knosp WM, Hoffman MP. FGFR2b is essential for salivary gland duct homeostasis and MAPK-dependent seromucous acinar cell differentiation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2557484. [PMID: 36824936 PMCID: PMC9949235 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2557484/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Exocrine secretory acinar cells in salivary glands (SG) are critical for oral health and loss of functional acinar cells is a major clinical challenge. Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) are essential for early development of multiple organs, including SG. However, the role of FGFR signaling in specific epithelial SG populations later in development and during acinar differentiation are unknown. Here, we predicted FGFR dependence in specific populations using scRNAseq data and conditional mouse models to delete FGFRs in vivo. We identifed essential roles for FGFRs in craniofacial and early SG development, as well as progenitor function during duct homeostasis. Importantly, we discovered that FGFR2b was critical for seromucous and serous acinar cell differentiation and secretory gene expression (Bpifa2 and Lpo) via MAPK signaling, while FGFR1b was dispensable. We show that FGF7, expressed by myoepithelial cells (MEC), activated the FGFR2b-dependent seromucous transcriptional program. We propose a model where MEC-derived FGF7 drives seromucous acinar differentiaton, providing a rationale for targeting FGFR2b signaling in regenerative therapies to restore acinar function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit H. Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Symonds
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Carlos U. Villapudua
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Joshua T. Dodge
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendy M. Knosp
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Matthew P. Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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13
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Hayashi Y, Kimura S, Yano E, Yoshimoto S, Saeki A, Yasukochi A, Hatakeyama Y, Moriyama M, Nakamura S, Jimi E, Kawakubo-Yasukochi T. Id4 modulates salivary gland homeostasis and its expression is downregulated in IgG4-related disease via miR-486-5p. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119404. [PMID: 36535369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Salivary glands are physiologically orchestrated by the coordinated balance between cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and interactions between epithelial, mesenchymal endothelial, and neuronal cells, and they are frequent sites of manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) or IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). However, little is known about salivary gland homeostasis and its involvement in those diseases. Inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation 4 (Id4) is an Id protein involved in the transcriptional control of many biological events, including differentiation. Studies of Id4-deficient mice revealed that Id4-deficient submandibular glands were smaller and exhibited accelerated differentiation, compared with those from wild-type littermates. In addition, dry mouth symptoms and Th17 expansion in splenocytes were also observed in the absence of Id4. Furthermore, Id4 levels in the salivary glands of patients with IgG4-RD, but not SS, were significantly decreased compared with those of healthy controls. miRNA-mRNA integrated analysis demonstrated that miR-486-5p was upregulated in IgG4-RD patients and that it might regulate Id4 in the lesion sites. Together, these results provide evidence for the inhibitory role of Id4 in salivary differentiation, and a critical association between Id4 downregulation and IgG4-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Hayashi
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Division of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Soi Kimura
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ena Yano
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shohei Yoshimoto
- Section of Pathology, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan; Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Ayaka Saeki
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yasukochi
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuji Hatakeyama
- Division of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Masafumi Moriyama
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Seiji Nakamura
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eijiro Jimi
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Kawakubo-Yasukochi
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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14
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Chatzeli L, Bordeu I, Han S, Bisetto S, Waheed Z, Koo BK, Alcolea MP, Simons BD. A cellular hierarchy of Notch and Kras signaling controls cell fate specification in the developing mouse salivary gland. Dev Cell 2023; 58:94-109.e6. [PMID: 36693323 PMCID: PMC7614884 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of the mouse salivary gland involves a tip-driven process of branching morphogenesis that takes place in concert with differentiation into acinar, myoepithelial, and ductal (basal and luminal) sub-lineages. By combining clonal lineage tracing with a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the branched epithelial network and single-cell RNA-seq analysis, we show that in tips, a heterogeneous population of renewing progenitors transition from a Krt14+ multipotent state to unipotent states via two transcriptionally distinct bipotent states, one restricted to the Krt14+ basal and myoepithelial lineage and the other to the Krt8+ acinar and luminal lineage. Using genetic perturbations, we show how the differential expression of Notch signaling correlates with spatial segregation, exits from multipotency, and promotes the Krt8+ lineage, whereas Kras activation promotes proacinar fate. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for how positional cues within growing tips regulate the process of lineage segregation and ductal patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemonia Chatzeli
- Wellcome Trust, Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.
| | - Ignacio Bordeu
- Wellcome Trust, Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, 837.0415 Santiago, Chile
| | - Seungmin Han
- Wellcome Trust, Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Sara Bisetto
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Zahra Waheed
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Expo-ro 55, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria P Alcolea
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Oncology, The Hutchison Building, Box 197 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Wellcome Trust, Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK.
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15
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Calamita G, Delporte C. Aquaporins in Glandular Secretion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:225-249. [PMID: 36717498 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Exocrine and endocrine glands deliver their secretory product, respectively, at the surface of the target organs or within the bloodstream. The release of their products has been shown to rely on secretory mechanisms often involving aquaporins (AQPs). This chapter will provide insight into the role of AQPs in secretory glands located within the gastrointestinal tract, including salivary glands, gastric glands, duodenal Brunner's glands, liver, gallbladder, intestinal goblets cells, and pancreas, as well and in other parts of the body, including airway submucosal glands, lacrimal glands, mammary glands, and eccrine sweat glands. The involvement of AQPs in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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16
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Chen B, Zhou J, Mao T, Cao T, Hu S, Zhang W, Li X, Qin X, Liu X, Watanabe N, Li J. The Critical Biomarkers Identification of Insulin Signaling Involved in Initiating cAMP Signaling Mediated Salivary Secretion in Sjogren Syndrome: Transcriptome Sequencing in NOD Mice Model. Biol Proced Online 2022; 24:26. [PMID: 36575389 PMCID: PMC9793606 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-022-00189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of exocrine glands, resulting in dry mouth and eyes. Currently, there is no effective treatment for SS, and the mechanisms associated with inadequate salivary secretion are poorly understood. METHODS In this study, we used NOD mice model to monitor changes in mice's salivary secretion and water consumption. Tissue morphology of the submandibular glands was examined by H&E staining, and Immunohistochemical detected the expression of AQP5 (an essential protein in salivary secretion). Global gene expression profiling was performed on submandibular gland tissue of extracted NOD mice model using RNA-seq. Subsequently, a series of bioinformatics analyses of transcriptome sequencing was performed, including differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identification, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, PPI network construction, hub gene identification, and the validity of diagnostic indicators using the dataset GSE40611. Finally, IFN-γ was used to treat the cells, the submandibular gland tissue of NOD mice model was extracted, and RT-qPCR was applied to verify the expression of hub genes. RESULTS We found that NOD mice model had reduced salivary secretion and increased water consumption. H&E staining suggests acinar destruction and basement membrane changes in glandular tissue. Immunohistochemistry detects a decrease in AQP5 immunostaining within acinar. In transcriptome sequencing, 42 overlapping DEGs were identified, and hub genes (REN, A2M, SNCA, KLK3, TTR, and AZGP1) were identified as initiating targets for insulin signaling. In addition, insulin signaling and cAMP signaling are potential pathways for regulating salivary secretion and constructing a regulatory relationship between target-cAMP signaling-salivary secretion. CONCLUSION The new potential targets and signal axes for regulating salivary secretion provide a strategy for SS therapy in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, #195 Dongfeng West Road, Guangzhou, 510140 Guangdong China
| | - Jiannan Zhou
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, #195 Dongfeng West Road, Guangzhou, 510140 Guangdong China
| | - Tianjiao Mao
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, #195 Dongfeng West Road, Guangzhou, 510140 Guangdong China
| | - Tingting Cao
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, #195 Dongfeng West Road, Guangzhou, 510140 Guangdong China
| | - Shilin Hu
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, #195 Dongfeng West Road, Guangzhou, 510140 Guangdong China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xueyang Li
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, #195 Dongfeng West Road, Guangzhou, 510140 Guangdong China
| | - Xiuni Qin
- Guangzhou Concord Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xintong Liu
- grid.509461.f0000 0004 1757 8255Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan ,grid.509461.f0000 0004 1757 8255Bio-Active Compounds Discovery Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Nobumoto Watanabe
- grid.509461.f0000 0004 1757 8255Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan ,grid.509461.f0000 0004 1757 8255Bio-Active Compounds Discovery Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Jiang Li
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, #195 Dongfeng West Road, Guangzhou, 510140 Guangdong China
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17
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May AJ, Mattingly AJ, Gaylord EA, Griffin N, Sudiwala S, Cruz-Pacheco N, Emmerson E, Mohabbat S, Nathan S, Sinada H, Lombaert IMA, Knox SM. Neuronal-epithelial cross-talk drives acinar specification via NRG1-ERBB3-mTORC2 signaling. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2550-2565.e5. [PMID: 36413949 PMCID: PMC9727910 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acinar cells are the principal secretory units of multiple exocrine organs. A single-cell, layered, lumenized acinus forms from a large cohort of epithelial progenitors that must initiate and coordinate three cellular programs of acinar specification, namely, lineage progression, secretion, and polarization. Despite this well-known outcome, the mechanism(s) that regulate these complex programs are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that neuronal-epithelial cross-talk drives acinar specification through neuregulin (NRG1)-ERBB3-mTORC2 signaling. Using single-cell and global RNA sequencing of developing murine salivary glands, we identified NRG1-ERBB3 to precisely overlap with acinar specification during gland development. Genetic deletion of Erbb3 prevented cell lineage progression and the establishment of lumenized, secretory acini. Conversely, NRG1 treatment of isolated epithelia was sufficient to recapitulate the development of secretory acini. Mechanistically, we found that NRG1-ERBB3 regulates each developmental program through an mTORC2 signaling pathway. Thus, we reveal that a neuronal-epithelial (NRG1/ERBB3/mTORC2) mechanism orchestrates the creation of functional acini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J May
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Aaron J Mattingly
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eliza A Gaylord
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nathan Griffin
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sonia Sudiwala
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Noel Cruz-Pacheco
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Elaine Emmerson
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Seayar Mohabbat
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sara Nathan
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hanan Sinada
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Isabelle M A Lombaert
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Sarah M Knox
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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18
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Ehnes DD, Alghadeer A, Hanson-Drury S, Zhao YT, Tilmes G, Mathieu J, Ruohola-Baker H. Sci-Seq of Human Fetal Salivary Tissue Introduces Human Transcriptional Paradigms and a Novel Cell Population. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022; 3:887057. [PMID: 36540608 PMCID: PMC9762771 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.887057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple pathologies and non-pathological factors can disrupt the function of the non-regenerative human salivary gland including cancer and cancer therapeutics, autoimmune diseases, infections, pharmaceutical side effects, and traumatic injury. Despite the wide range of pathologies, no therapeutic or regenerative approaches exist to address salivary gland loss, likely due to significant gaps in our understanding of salivary gland development. Moreover, identifying the tissue of origin when diagnosing salivary carcinomas requires an understanding of human fetal development. Using computational tools, we identify developmental branchpoints, a novel stem cell-like population, and key signaling pathways in the human developing salivary glands by analyzing our human fetal single-cell sequencing data. Trajectory and transcriptional analysis suggest that the earliest progenitors yield excretory duct and myoepithelial cells and a transitional population that will yield later ductal cell types. Importantly, this single-cell analysis revealed a previously undescribed population of stem cell-like cells that are derived from SD and expresses high levels of genes associated with stem cell-like function. We have observed these rare cells, not in a single niche location but dispersed within the developing duct at later developmental stages. Our studies introduce new human-specific developmental paradigms for the salivary gland and lay the groundwork for the development of translational human therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Duron Ehnes
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ammar Alghadeer
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sesha Hanson-Drury
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yan Ting Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gwen Tilmes
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Julie Mathieu
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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19
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Tran ON, Wang H, Li S, Malakhov A, Sun Y, Abdul Azees PA, Gonzalez AO, Cao B, Marinkovic M, Singh BB, Dean DD, Yeh CK, Chen XD. Organ-specific extracellular matrix directs trans-differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and formation of salivary gland-like organoids in vivo. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:306. [PMID: 35841112 PMCID: PMC9284714 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatments for salivary gland (SG) hypofunction are palliative and do not address the underlying cause or progression of the disease. SG-derived stem cells have the potential to treat SG hypofunction, but their isolation is challenging, especially when the tissue has been damaged by disease or irradiation for head and neck cancer. In the current study, we test the hypothesis that multipotent bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in a rat model are capable of trans-differentiating to the SG epithelial cell lineage when induced by a native SG-specific extracellular matrix (SG-ECM) and thus may be a viable substitute for repairing damaged SGs. METHODS Rat BM-MSCs were treated with homogenates of decellularized rat SG-ECM for one hour in cell suspension and then cultured in tissue culture plates for 7 days in growth media. By day 7, the cultures contained cell aggregates and a cell monolayer. The cell aggregates were hand-selected under a dissecting microscope, transferred to a new tissue culture dish, and cultured for an additional 7 days in epithelial cell differentiation media. Cell aggregates and cells isolated from the monolayer were evaluated for expression of SG progenitor and epithelial cell specific markers, cell morphology and ultrastructure, and ability to form SG-like organoids in vivo. RESULTS The results showed that this approach was very effective and guided the trans-differentiation of a subpopulation of CD133-positive BM-MSCs to the SG epithelial cell lineage. These cells expressed amylase, tight junction proteins (Cldn 3 and 10), and markers for SG acinar (Aqp5 and Mist 1) and ductal (Krt 14) cells at both the transcript and protein levels, produced intracellular secretory granules which were morphologically identical to those found in submandibular gland, and formed SG-like organoids when implanted in the renal capsule in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest the feasibility of using autologous BM-MSCs as an abundant source of stem cells for treating SG hypofunction and restoring the production of saliva in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia N Tran
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Hanzhou Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Shengxian Li
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200126, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrey Malakhov
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Parveez A Abdul Azees
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Aaron O Gonzalez
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Brian Cao
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Milos Marinkovic
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229-4404, USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - David D Dean
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229-4404, USA.
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229-4404, USA.
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20
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Chibly AM, Aure MH, Patel VN, Hoffman MP. Salivary gland function, development, and regeneration. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1495-1552. [PMID: 35343828 PMCID: PMC9126227 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands produce and secrete saliva, which is essential for maintaining oral health and overall health. Understanding both the unique structure and physiological function of salivary glands, as well as how they are affected by disease and injury, will direct the development of therapy to repair and regenerate them. Significant recent advances, particularly in the OMICS field, increase our understanding of how salivary glands develop at the cellular, molecular, and genetic levels: the signaling pathways involved, the dynamics of progenitor cell lineages in development, homeostasis, and regeneration, and the role of the extracellular matrix microenvironment. These provide a template for cell and gene therapies as well as bioengineering approaches to repair or regenerate salivary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M Chibly
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vaishali N Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Matthew P Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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21
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The Semaphorin 3A-AKT axis-mediated cell proliferation in salivary gland morphogenesis and adenoid cystic carcinoma pathogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 236:153991. [PMID: 35759940 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that Semaphorin 3 A (Sema3A), the expression of which is negatively regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling, promotes odontogenic epithelial cell proliferation, suggesting the involvement of Sema3A in tooth germ development. Salivary glands have a similar developmental process to tooth germ development, in which reciprocal interactions between the oral epithelium and adjacent mesenchyme proceeds via stimulation with several growth factors; however, the role of Sema3A in the development of salivary glands is unknown. There may thus be a common mechanism between epithelial morphogenesis and pathogenesis; however, the role of Sema3A in salivary gland tumors is also unclear. The current study investigated the involvement of Sema3A in submandibular gland (SMG) development and its expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) specimens. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that Sema3A was expressed both in epithelium and in mesenchyme in the initial developmental stages of SMG and their expressions were decreased during the developmental processes. Loss-of-function experiments using an inhibitor revealed that Sema3A was required for AKT activation-mediated cellular growth and formation of cleft and bud in SMG rudiment culture. In addition, Wnt/β-catenin signaling decreased the Sema3A expression in the rudiment culture. ACC arising from salivary glands frequently exhibits malignant potential. Immunohistochemical analyses of tissue specimens obtained from 10 ACC patients showed that Sema3A was hardly observed in non-tumor regions but was strongly expressed in tumor lesions, especially in myoepithelial neoplastic cells, at high frequencies where phosphorylated AKT expression was frequently detected. These results suggest that the Sema3A-AKT axis promotes cell growth, thereby contributing to morphogenesis and pathogenesis, at least in ACC, of salivary glands.
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22
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Piraino LR, Benoit DSW, DeLouise LA. Optimizing Soluble Cues for Salivary Gland Tissue Mimetics Using a Design of Experiments (DoE) Approach. Cells 2022; 11:1962. [PMID: 35741092 PMCID: PMC9222211 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of therapies to prevent or treat salivary gland dysfunction has been limited by a lack of functional in vitro models. Specifically, critical markers of salivary gland secretory phenotype downregulate rapidly ex vivo. Here, we utilize a salivary gland tissue chip model to conduct a design of experiments (DoE) approach to test combinations of seven soluble cues that were previously shown to maintain or improve salivary gland cell function. This approach uses statistical techniques to improve efficiency and accuracy of combinations of factors. The DoE-designed culture conditions improve markers of salivary gland function. Data show that the EGFR inhibitor, EKI-785, maintains relative mRNA expression of Mist1, a key acinar cell transcription factor, while FGF10 and neurturin promote mRNA expression of Aqp5 and Tmem16a, channel proteins involved in secretion. Mist1 mRNA expression correlates with increased secretory function, including calcium signaling and mucin (PAS-AB) staining. Overall, this study demonstrates that media conditions can be efficiently optimized to support secretory function in vitro using a DoE approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R. Piraino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
| | - Danielle S. W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Lisa A. DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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23
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Hayashi T, Eto K, Kadoya Y. Downregulation of ten-eleven translocation-2 triggers epithelial differentiation during organogenesis. Differentiation 2022; 125:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Wei W, Cao T, Pathak JL, Liu X, Mao T, Watanabe N, Li X, Zhang M, Li J. Apigenin, a Single Active Component of Herbal Extract, Alleviates Xerostomia via ERα-Mediated Upregulation of AQP5 Activation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:818116. [PMID: 35264956 PMCID: PMC8899471 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.818116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia is a common symptom in menopausal women, suggesting the role of sex steroids in disease development. Shreds of literature had reported the potential use of herbal extracts to relieve xerostomia. However, a cocktail of multiple components in herbal extract makes it difficult to understand the exact mechanism of action. Aquaporin5 (AQP5), the specific aquaporin expressed in salivary glands, plays an important role in salivary secretion as a downstream of estrogen signaling. In this study, we aimed to unravel a single active herbal component as a therapeutic for xerostomia and investigate its mechanism of action. The effects of apigenin (flavonoid), dauricine (alkaloids), protopine (alkaloids), and lentinan (polysaccharides) on AQP5 transcription were screened in vitro. Only apigenin robustly induced AQP5 transcription and expression, and this effect was even robust compared to the effect of estradiol (E2, a positive control). Overexpression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) in the human salivary gland cell line (HSG) upregulated the AQP5 transcription and expression and the knockdown ERα reversed this effect, suggesting the role of ERα signaling on AQP5 activation in HSG cells. Docking results showed apigenin-specific binding sites in ERα. We further analyzed the therapeutic effect of apigenin on ovariectomized mice as a xerostomia model. The saliva secretion in the xerostomia group was reduced to one-third of the sham group, whereas the apigenin or E2 treatment for 12 weeks reversed this effect. Meanwhile, the water consumption in the xerostomia group was augmented obviously compared to the sham group, whereas the water consumption in the apigenin and E2 group was declined to the level of the sham group. Immunohistochemistry of submandibular glands revealed the downregulation of AQP5 expression in xerostomia mice compared to control. Apigenin, or E2 treatment, upregulated AQP5 expression in xerostomia mice. In conclusion, apigenin, a single active component of herbal extract, upregulated AQP5 expression in HSG cells via activation of ERα signaling and restored saliva flow rates in OVX mice. These results revealed apigenin as a single active component of herbal extract with the potential to treat xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetic, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tingting Cao
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xintong Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, Japan.,Bio-Active Compounds Discovery Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tianjiao Mao
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nobumoto Watanabe
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, Japan.,Bio-Active Compounds Discovery Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetic, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Manli Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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The Effect and Mechanism of Gene Fam20a on the Development and Function of Salivary Glands in Mice. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 137:105367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Lee SM, Lee SW, Kang M, Choi JK, Park K, Byun JS, Kim DY. FoxO1 as a Regulator of Aquaporin 5 Expression in the Salivary Gland. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1281-1288. [PMID: 33840298 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211003490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) is a multifunctional initiator, mediator, and repressor of autoimmune diseases in an organ- or disease-specific manner. However, the role of FoxO1 in the salivary gland has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we discovered that FoxO1 and aquaporin 5 (AQP5) are both significantly downregulated in the patients with primary Sjögren syndrome, an autoimmune disease accompanying salivary gland dysfunction. Pharmacologic or genetic perturbation of FoxO1 in the rat salivary gland acinar cell line, SMG-C6, induced a significant downregulation of AQP5 expression, as observed in clinical specimens. There was a strong correlation between FoxO1 and AQP5 expression because FoxO1 is a direct regulator of AQP5 expression in salivary gland acinar cells through its interaction with the promoter region of AQP5. Serial injection of a FoxO1 inhibitor into mice induced a reduction of AQP5 expression in submandibular glands and, consequently, hyposalivation, which is one of the major clinical symptoms of primary Sjögren syndrome. However, there was no sign of inflammation or cell damage in the submandibular glands harvested from mice treated with the FoxO1 inhibitor. In conclusion, our findings indicate that FoxO1 in salivary gland tissue acts as a direct regulator of AQP5 expression. Thus, downregulation of FoxO1 observed in primary Sjögren syndrome is a putative mechanism for hyposalivation without the involvement of previously reported soluble factors in primary Sjögren syndrome patient sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J K Choi
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - K Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Byun
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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27
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de Paula F, Tucker AS, Teshima THN, de Souza MM, Coutinho‐Camillo CM, Nico MMS, Lourenço SV. Characteristics of aquaporin 1, 3, and 5 expression during early murine salivary gland development. J Anat 2021; 238:794-806. [PMID: 33078411 PMCID: PMC7855070 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are essential to coordinate the transit of water and ions through the cell membrane. In salivary glands (SGs), AQPs have been associated with saliva formation, facilitating water absorption through the epithelium during the formation of hypotonic saliva, which is then secreted into the oral cavity. Different members of the AQP family have been suggested to play distinct roles during embryonic development, highlighted by their specific expression patterns. Here, we have investigated the expression patterns of AQP-1, AQP-3 and AQP-5 by immunofluorescence at key stages of salivary gland development, utilising cultured mouse embryonic submandibular (SMG) and sublingual (SLG) glands. The expression of AQPs was compared to a mitotic marker, phospho-histone 3 (PH3), a myoepithelial marker, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and a vascular marker, CD31. Qualitative analysis revealed that AQP-1 and AQP-3 were primarily expressed during the earlier phases of SG morphogenesis and were associated with cells undergoing mitotic processes (PH3-positive). AQP-5, in contrast, was not associated to mitotic figures, but was predominantly expressed during late stages of SG morphogenesis. Our results highlight that AQPs are expressed from early stages of SG morphogenesis and exhibit complimentary expression patterns that may contribute to the morphogenesis of salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de Paula
- General Pathology DepartmentDental SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Abigail S. Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | | | - Marcello Menta S. Nico
- General Pathology DepartmentDental SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloSão PauloBrazil,Dermatology DepartmentMedical SchoolUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Silvia Vanessa Lourenço
- General Pathology DepartmentDental SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloSão PauloBrazil,LIM06Institute of Tropical MedicineUniversity of São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
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28
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Hakami Z, Hand AR. Expression of aquaporin 5 during murine palatine glands development: a light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:379-385. [PMID: 32812295 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although aquaporin 5 (AQP5) seems to play a role in cytodifferentiation and cell proliferation during the development of salivary glands, its distribution during minor salivary glands development has been scarcely reported. This study examined the temporal-spatial distribution of AQP5 in the developing rat palatine glands using light and electron microscopy. At embryonic (E) age E18, AQP5 labeling was observed on the cell membranes of some terminal bulb cells. After lumenization at E20, AQP5 labeled the apical membrane in acini where a lumen existed, in addition to displaying positive diffuse cytoplasmic and cell membrane staining. At the electron microscopic level, AQP5 labeled the supranuclear cytoplasm and the luminal microvilli along the apical membrane. At birth, AQP5 was also localized to the lateral membranes associated ultrastructurally with the microvilli of intercellular canaliculi. After postnatal (PN) day PN7, mucous acini and serous demilunes showed reactivity. AQP5 reached peak reactivity around PN13 with a similar staining pattern in all acini, but had reduced dramatically by PN21. Thereafter, AQP5 reactivity was mainly associated with serous cells in adults. In conclusion, the transitory expression of AQP5 during palatine glands development may reflect changing physiological functions of the secretory cells and/or AQP5 throughout the maturation of the glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Hakami
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arthur R Hand
- Departments of Craniofacial Sciences and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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29
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D’Agostino C, Elkashty OA, Chivasso C, Perret J, Tran SD, Delporte C. Insight into Salivary Gland Aquaporins. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061547. [PMID: 32630469 PMCID: PMC7349754 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main role of salivary glands (SG) is the production and secretion of saliva, in which aquaporins (AQPs) play a key role by ensuring water flow. The AQPs are transmembrane channel proteins permeable to water to allow water transport across cell membranes according to osmotic gradient. This review gives an insight into SG AQPs. Indeed, it gives a summary of the expression and localization of AQPs in adult human, rat and mouse SG, as well as of their physiological role in SG function. Furthermore, the review provides a comprehensive view of the involvement of AQPs in pathological conditions affecting SG, including Sjögren's syndrome, diabetes, agedness, head and neck cancer radiotherapy and SG cancer. These conditions are characterized by salivary hypofunction resulting in xerostomia. A specific focus is given on current and future therapeutic strategies aiming at AQPs to treat xerostomia. A deeper understanding of the AQPs involvement in molecular mechanisms of saliva secretion and diseases offered new avenues for therapeutic approaches, including drugs, gene therapy and tissue engineering. As such, AQP5 represents a potential therapeutic target in different strategies for the treatment of xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D’Agostino
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Osama A. Elkashty
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (O.A.E.); (S.D.T.)
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Clara Chivasso
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Jason Perret
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Simon D. Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (O.A.E.); (S.D.T.)
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-5556210
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30
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Tracing tumorigenesis in a solid tumor model at single-cell resolution. Nat Commun 2020; 11:991. [PMID: 32080185 PMCID: PMC7033116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the complex composition of solid tumors is fundamental for understanding tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. While patient-derived samples provide valuable insight, they are heterogeneous on multiple molecular levels, and often originate from advanced tumor stages. Here, we use single-cell transcriptome and epitope profiling together with pathway and lineage analyses to study tumorigenesis from a developmental perspective in a mouse model of salivary gland squamous cell carcinoma. We provide a comprehensive cell atlas and characterize tumor-specific cells. We find that these cells are connected along a reproducible developmental trajectory: initiated in basal cells exhibiting an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition signature, tumorigenesis proceeds through Wnt-differential cancer stem cell-like subpopulations before differentiating into luminal-like cells. Our work provides unbiased insights into tumor-specific cellular identities in a whole tissue environment, and emphasizes the power of using defined genetic model systems. Understanding tumour development at a granular level is a challenge in solid tumours. Here, the authors provide a cell atlas across tumour development in a genetic model of salivary gland squamous cell carcinoma using single-cell transcriptome and epitope profiling.
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31
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Morphological differences between regenerating salivary glands after salivary gland duct ligation and embryonic salivary glands. Ann Anat 2020; 229:151482. [PMID: 32061835 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most animals and organs have regenerative capabilities. Whether regeneration is a developmental process or a distinct phenomenon that is independent of development is debatable. METHOD We examined the differences between developing and regenerating salivary glands using duct-ligation models. We performed morphological analyses comparing submandibular gland regeneration and development. To reveal the proliferation processes that occur during salivary gland regeneration and development, we counted the number of Ki67-positive cells over time. In addition, we examined the expression of the following markers: aquaporin 5, smooth muscle actin, cytokeratin 7, and tubulin beta 3. RESULT The proliferation patterns seen during regeneration differed from those observed during development. Different salivary gland marker expression patterns were seen during development and regeneration. CONCLUSION This study showed that regenerating salivary glands do not follow the same growth process as developing salivary glands.
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Takeuchi H, Takahashi H, Tanaka A. Effects of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium on Atrophied Submandibular Gland after the Release from Ligation of the Main Excretory Duct in Mice. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.29.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Takeuchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Haruka Takahashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Advanced Research Center School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University Niigata
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Advanced Research Center School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University Niigata
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Yang N, Mukaibo T, Gao X, Kurtz I, Melvin JE. Slc4a11 disruption causes duct cell loss and impairs NaCl reabsorption in female mouse submandibular glands. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14232. [PMID: 31833218 PMCID: PMC6908739 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Slc4a11, a member of the Slc4 HCO3- transporter family, has a wide tissue distribution. In mouse salivary glands, the expression of Slc4a11 mRNA was more than eightfold greater than the other nine members of the Slc4 gene family. The Slc4a11 protein displayed a diffuse subcellular distribution in both the acinar and duct cells of mouse submandibular glands (SMG). Slc4a11 disruption induced a significant increase in the Na+ and Cl- concentrations of stimulated SMG saliva, whereas it did not affect the fluid secretion rate in response to either β-adrenergic or cholinergic receptor stimulation. Heterologous expressed mouse Slc4a11 acted as a H+ /OH- transporter that was uncoupled of Na+ or Cl- movement, and this activity was blocked by ethyl-isopropyl amiloride (EIPA) but not 4,4'-Diisothiocyanato-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS). Slc4a11 disruption revealed that Slc4a11 does not play a major role in intracellular pH regulation in mouse salivary gland cells. In contrast, NaCl reabsorption was impaired in the SMG saliva of female compared to male Slc4a11 null mice, which correlated with the loss of duct cells and a decrease in expression of the duct-cell-specific transcription factor Ascl3. Together, our results suggest that Slc4a11 expression regulates the number of ducts cells in the mouse SMG and consequently NaCl reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning‐Yan Yang
- Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions SectionNational Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland
- Department of Pediatric DentistryBeijing Stomatological Hospital & School of StomatologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Taro Mukaibo
- Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions SectionNational Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and RehabilitationKyushu Dental UniversityKitakyushuFukuokaJapan
| | - Xin Gao
- Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions SectionNational Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland
| | - Ira Kurtz
- Department of MedicineDivision of NephrologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine, and the Brain Research InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - James E. Melvin
- Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions SectionNational Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland
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Aure M, Symonds J, Mays J, Hoffman M. Epithelial Cell Lineage and Signaling in Murine Salivary Glands. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1186-1194. [PMID: 31331226 PMCID: PMC6755719 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519864592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining salivary gland function is critical for oral health. Loss of saliva is a common side effect of therapeutic irradiation for head and neck cancer or autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome. There is no curative treatment, and current strategies proposed for functional regeneration include gene therapy to reengineer surviving salivary gland tissue, cell-based transplant therapy, use of bioengineered glands, and development of drugs/biologics to stimulate in vivo regeneration or increase secretion. Understanding the genetic and cellular mechanisms required for development and homeostasis of adult glands is essential to the success of these proposed treatments. Recent advances in genetic lineage tracing provide insight into epithelial lineage relationships during murine salivary gland development. During early fetal gland development, epithelial cells expressing keratin 14 (K14) Sox2, Sox9, Sox10, and Trp63 give rise to all adult epithelium, but as development proceeds, lineage restriction occurs, resulting in separate lineages of myoepithelial, ductal, and acinar cells in postnatal glands. Several niche signals have been identified that regulate epithelial development and lineage restriction. Fibroblast growth factor signaling is essential for gland development, and other important factors that influence epithelial patterning and maturation include the Wnt, Hedgehog, retinoic acid, and Hippo signaling pathways. In addition, other cell types in the local microenvironment, such as endothelial and neuronal cells, can influence epithelial development. Emerging evidence also suggests that specific epithelial cells will respond to different types of salivary gland damage, depending on the cause and severity of damage and the resulting damaged microenvironment. Understanding how regeneration occurs and which cell types are affected, as well as which signaling factors drive cell lineage decisions, provides specific targets to manipulate cell fate and improve regeneration. Taken together, these recent advances in understanding cell lineages and the signaling factors that drive cell fate changes provide a guide to develop novel regenerative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.H. Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National
Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,
USA
- Oral Immunobiology Unit, National Institute of
Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J.M. Symonds
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National
Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,
USA
- Current address: Chromodex Spherix Consulting,
Rockville, MD, USA
| | - J.W. Mays
- Oral Immunobiology Unit, National Institute of
Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M.P. Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National
Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,
USA
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Establishment of a Murine Pro-acinar Cell Line to Characterize Roles for FGF2 and α3β1 Integrins in Regulating Pro-acinar Characteristics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10984. [PMID: 31358811 PMCID: PMC6662831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy for head and neck cancers results in permanent damage to the saliva producing acinar compartment of the salivary gland. To date, a pure pro-acinar cell line to study underlying mechanisms of acinar cell differentiation in culture has not been described. Here, we report the establishment of a pro-acinar (mSG-PAC1) and ductal (mSG-DUC1) cell line, from the murine submandibular salivary gland (SMG), which recapitulate developmental milestones in differentiation. mSG-DUC1 cells express the ductal markers, keratin-7 and keratin-19, and form lumenized spheroids. mSG-PAC1 cells express the pro-acinar markers SOX10 and aquaporin-5. Using the mSG-PAC1 cell line, we demonstrate that FGF2 regulates specific steps during acinar cell maturation. FGF2 up-regulates aquaporin-5 and the expression of the α3 and α6 subunits of the α3β1 and α6β1 integrins that are known to promote SMG morphogenesis and differentiation. mSG-DUC1 and mSG-PAC1 cells were derived from genetically modified mice, homozygous for floxed alleles of the integrin α3 subunit. Similar to SMGs from α3-null mice, deletion of α3 alleles in mSG-PAC1 cells results in the up-regulation of E-cadherin and the down-regulation of CDC42. Our data indicate that mSG-DUC1 and mSG-PAC1 cells will serve as important tools to gain mechanistic insight into salivary gland morphogenesis and differentiation.
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Vining KH, Lombaert IMA, Patel VN, Kibbey SE, Pradhan-Bhatt S, Witt RL, Hoffman MP. Neurturin-containing laminin matrices support innervated branching epithelium from adult epithelial salispheres. Biomaterials 2019; 216:119245. [PMID: 31200143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell transplantation of autologous adult biopsies, grown ex vivo as epithelial organoids or expanded as spheroids, are proposed treatments to regenerate damaged branching organs. However, it is not clear whether transplantation of adult organoids or spheroids alone is sufficient to initiate a fetal-like program of branching morphogenesis in which coordinated branching of multiple cell types including nerves, mesenchyme and blood vessels occurs. Yet this is an essential concept for the regeneration of branching organs such as lung, pancreas, and lacrimal and salivary glands. Here, we used factors identified from fetal organogenesis to maintain and expand adult murine and human epithelial salivary gland progenitors in non-adherent spheroid cultures, called salispheres. These factors stimulated critical developmental pathways, and increased expression of epithelial progenitor markers such as Keratin5, Keratin14, FGFR2b and KIT. Moreover, physical recombination of adult salispheres in a laminin-111 extracellular matrix with fetal salivary mesenchyme, containing endothelial and neuronal cells, only induced branching morphogenesis when neurturin, a neurotrophic factor, was added to the matrix. Neurturin was essential to improve neuronal survival, axon outgrowth, innervation of the salispheres, and resulted in the formation of branching structures with a proximal-distal axis that mimicked fetal branching morphogenesis, thus recapitulating organogenesis. Epithelial progenitors were also maintained, and developmental differentiation programs were initiated, showing that the fetal microenvironment provides a template for adult epithelial progenitors to initiate branching and differentiation. Further delineation of secreted and physical cues from the fetal niche will be useful to develop novel regenerative therapies that instruct adult salispheres to resume a developmental-like program in vitro and to regenerate branching organs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Vining
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA; Medical Research Scholars Program, Office of Clinical Research Training and Medical Education, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA; University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Current Address: John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138. USA
| | - I M A Lombaert
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA; Current Address: Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, North Campus Research Center, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - V N Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA
| | - S E Kibbey
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA
| | - S Pradhan-Bhatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA; Center for Translational Cancer Research, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA; Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - R L Witt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA; Center for Translational Cancer Research, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA; Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, 19713, USA; Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - M P Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA.
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Yasumitsu T, Shimizu O, Shiratsuchi H, Miyake Y, Yonehara Y. Distribution of aquaporin-5, transforming growth factor-β 1 and laminin during regeneration of atrophic rat submandibular glands after duct ligation. J Oral Sci 2019; 60:595-600. [PMID: 30587691 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the localization of aquaporin-5 (AQP5), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and laminin during regeneration of the rat submandibular gland. After duct ligation for 7 days, the regenerating glands were collected on days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 after ligation release to study the process of regeneration. Immunohistochemical staining revealed apical expression of AQP5 in many acinar cells, strong expression in intercalated ducts (ICDs) of the normal submandibular gland at Day 14, and strong expression in duct-like structures (DLSs) during regeneration from Day 0 to 7. However, a few AQP5-negative acinar cells were detected during regeneration. At Day 0, immunopositivity for TGF-β1 was detected in connective tissue. At Days 3 and 7 during regeneration, TGF-β1 immunostaining was observed in DLSs, which were surrounded by α-smooth muscle actin-positive thickened myoepithelial cells. Laminin staining was strong in the thickened basement membrane of DLSs at Day 3 during regeneration, but weak around acinar cells at Day 14. These findings suggest that TGF-β1 is involved in the environment around DLSs, myoepithelial cells and laminin, that DLSs have the same functional properties as ICDs, and that AQP5-negative acinar cells may be mucous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Osamu Shimizu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Hiroshi Shiratsuchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | | | - Yoshiyuki Yonehara
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Systemic Biology and Oncology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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Sox10 Regulates Plasticity of Epithelial Progenitors toward Secretory Units of Exocrine Glands. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:366-380. [PMID: 30713042 PMCID: PMC6373627 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how epithelial progenitors within exocrine glands establish specific cell lineages and form complex functional secretory units is vital for organ regeneration. Here we identify the transcription factor Sox10 as essential for both the maintenance and differentiation of epithelial KIT+FGFR2b+ progenitors into secretory units, containing acinar, myoepithelial, and intercalated duct cells. The KIT/FGFR2b-Sox10 axis marks the earliest multi-potent and tissue-specific progenitors of exocrine glands. Genetic deletion of epithelial Sox10 leads to loss of secretory units, which reduces organ size and function, but the ductal tree is retained. Intriguingly, the remaining duct progenitors do not compensate for loss of Sox10 and lack plasticity to properly form secretory units. However, overexpression of Sox10 in these ductal progenitors enhances their plasticity toward KIT+ progenitors and induces differentiation into secretory units. Therefore, Sox10 controls plasticity and multi-potency of epithelial KIT+ cells in secretory organs, such as mammary, lacrimal, and salivary glands. Sox10 marks the initial multi-potent KIT+ progenitors of exocrine glandular tissues KIT+ progenitors require Sox10 for their maintenance Sox10 is necessary for proper lineage development of secretory units Sox10 is sufficient to induce cell plasticity in non-KIT+ epithelial cells
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39
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El Sadik A, Mohamed E, El Zainy A. Postnatal changes in the development of rat submandibular glands in offspring of diabetic mothers: Biochemical, histological and ultrastructural study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205372. [PMID: 30304036 PMCID: PMC6179275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Development and maturation of submandibular salivary glands are influenced by intrauterine diabetic environment. Several studies investigated the effects of diabetes on the salivary glands. However, the effects of maternal diabetes on the submandibular glands of the offspring was not properly examined. Therefore, the present study was designed to describe the changes in the development of the submandibular glands of the offspring of diabetic mothers. The submandibular glands of the offspring of Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic female rats were examined at two and four weeks after birth. Detection of mRNA demonstrated that maternal diabetes affects the level of different indicators. The reduction of expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF); a protein mitogen, cytokeratin 5 (CK5); an epithelial cell progenitor, CK7 and aquaporin 5 (AQP5); differentiation markers and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2); an antiapoptotic marker were found. Increase in Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax); an apoptotic marker was detected. These changes indicate their effects on saliva secretion, glands tumorigenesis, growth of normal oral flora and oral microbes, with decreased protein synthesis and production of xerostomia and dental caries. Loss of normal glandular architecture, significant increase in fibrosis, by the detection of collagen fibers, and stagnation of secretory granules were found with atrophic changes in the acinar cells. Marked defect of polysaccharides in the acinar cells, denoting functional changes, was manifested by significant reduction of the intensity of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction. The positive immunoreactivity of caspase-3, denoting cellular apoptosis, and minimal reaction of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α SMA) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were evident in the offspring of diabetic mothers. We conclude that maternal diabetes produces degenerative effects in the structure and function of the submandibular salivary glands of the offspring, reflecting possible influences on their secretory activity affecting oral and digestive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir El Sadik
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Enas Mohamed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Zainy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Qassim University, Qassim, KSA
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Song EAC, Min S, Oyelakin A, Smalley K, Bard JE, Liao L, Xu J, Romano RA. Genetic and scRNA-seq Analysis Reveals Distinct Cell Populations that Contribute to Salivary Gland Development and Maintenance. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14043. [PMID: 30232460 PMCID: PMC6145895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem and progenitor cells of the submandibular salivary gland (SMG) give rise to, maintain, and regenerate the multiple lineages of mature epithelial cells including those belonging to the ductal, acinar, basal and myoepithelial subtypes. Here we have exploited single cell RNA-sequencing and in vivo genetic lineage tracing technologies to generate a detailed map of the cell fate trajectories and branch points of the basal and myoepithelial cell populations of the mouse SMG during embryonic development and in adults. Our studies show that the transcription factor p63 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) serve as faithful markers of the basal and myoepithelial cell lineages, respectively and that both cell types are endowed with progenitor cell properties. However, p63+ basal and SMA+ myoepithelial cells exhibit distinct cell fates by virtue of maintaining different cellular lineages during morphogenesis and in adults. Collectively, our results reveal the dynamic and complex nature of the diverse SMG cell populations and highlight the distinct differentiation potential of the p63 and SMA expressing subtypes in the stem and progenitor cell hierarchy. Long term these findings have profound implications towards a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that dictate lineage commitment and differentiation programs during development and adult gland maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ah Christine Song
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214 USA
| | - Sangwon Min
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214 USA
| | - Akinsola Oyelakin
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214 USA
| | - Kirsten Smalley
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203 USA
| | - Jonathan E. Bard
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14222 USA
| | - Lan Liao
- 0000 0001 2160 926Xgrid.39382.33Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- 0000 0001 2160 926Xgrid.39382.33Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
| | - Rose-Anne Romano
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214 USA ,0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203 USA
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41
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Araujo MVT, Spadella MA, Chies AB, Arruda GV, Santos TDM, Cavariani MM, Domeniconi RF. Effect of low radiation dose on the expression and location of aquaporins in rat submandibular gland. Tissue Cell 2018; 53:104-110. [PMID: 30060820 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are common in several regions of the world and the treatment usually includes radiotherapy. This treatment can generate adverse effects to the salivary flow, with a relationship between the dose and the damage caused. Salivary gland cells are highly permeable to water and therefore, they express aquaporins (AQPs). This study analyzed changes in the expression and location of these proteins and identified morphological changes induced by low radiation in rat submandibular gland. Female rats were divided into control and irradiated groups. Immunohistochemistry analysis allowed confirming the presence of AQP1 in the blood vessel endothelium. Intense and steady labelling granules were also observed in the cytoplasm of submandibular gland ductal cells. In addition, there was AQP5 positive labelling in ductal cells delimiting the lumen of intercalated duct, in the cytoplasm and membrane of acinar cells. Finally, the decrease of AQP labelling in irradiated animal glands validated their radiosensitivity. Thus, the decrease in AQP1 protein levels in the endothelium and AQP5 in gland ductal cells of irradiated animals may have hindered the removal of water from the lumen of ductal cells, inducing a delay in water absorption and triggering a slight lumen increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V T Araujo
- Faculty of Medicine of Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Spadella
- Faculty of Medicine of Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, SP, Brazil
| | - A B Chies
- Faculty of Medicine of Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, SP, Brazil
| | - G V Arruda
- Faculty of Medicine of Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, SP, Brazil
| | - T de M Santos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - M M Cavariani
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - R F Domeniconi
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Liu S, Niu K, Da Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Wang W, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Wang K, Bai W, Qin L, Jia J. Effects of standardized isopropanolic black cohosh and estrogen on salivary function in ovariectomized rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:1438-1444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Alam J, Koh JH, Kim N, Kwok SK, Park SH, Song YW, Park K, Choi Y. Detection of autoantibodies against aquaporin-5 in the sera of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Immunol Res 2017; 64:848-56. [PMID: 26786004 PMCID: PMC4930796 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of exocrine dysfunction observed in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether autoantibodies against human AQP5 are present in the sera of SS patients. Frozen sections of mouse submandibular salivary glands, CHO cells over-expressing a human AQP5-GFP fusion protein or GFP, and MDCK cells over-expressing AQP5 were used in the indirect immunofluorescence assay to detect anti-AQP5 autoantibodies in the sera from patients with primary SS. The lysates of HEK-293 cells over-expressing the AQP5-GFP fusion protein or GFP were used for immunoprecipitation. Serum IgG from the SS patients but not from the control subjects stained acinar cells in the mouse salivary glands, the signals of which colocalized with those of AQP5-specific antibodies. Serum IgG from the SS patients also selectively stained AQP5-GFP expressed in CHO cells. However, both the control and SS sera immunoprecipitated the AQP5-GFP, suggesting that autoantibodies against AQP5 were also present in the control sera. The screening of 53 control and 112 SS samples by indirect immunofluorescence assay using the AQP5-expressing MDCK cells revealed the presence of significantly higher levels of anti-AQP5 IgG in the SS samples than in the control samples with sensitivity of 0.73 and a specificity of 0.68. Furthermore, the presence of anti-AQP5 autoantibodies was associated with low resting salivary flow in SS patients. In conclusion, anti-AQP5 autoantibodies were detected in the sera from SS patients, which could be a novel biomarker of SS and provide new insight into the pathogenesis of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan Alam
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Koh
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyun Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Wook Song
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungpyo Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs ) are expressed in most exocrine and endocrine secretory glands. Consequently, summarizing the expression and functions of AQPs in secretory glands represents a daunting task considering the important number of glands present in the body, as well as the number of mammalian AQPs - thirteen. The roles played by AQPs in secretory processes have been investigated in many secretory glands. However, despite considerable research, additional studies are clearly needed to pursue our understanding of the role played by AQPs in secretory processes. This book chapter will focus on summarizing the current knowledge on AQPs expression and function in the gastrointestinal tract , including salivary glands, gastric glands, Duodenal Brunner's gland, liver and gallbladder, intestinal goblets cells, exocrine and endocrine pancreas, as well as few other secretory glands including airway submucosal glands, lacrimal glands, mammary glands and eccrine sweat glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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de Paula F, Teshima THN, Hsieh R, Souza MM, Coutinho-Camillo CM, Nico MMS, Lourenco SV. The expression of water channel proteins during human salivary gland development: a topographic study of aquaporins 1, 3 and 5. J Mol Histol 2017; 48:329-336. [PMID: 28766180 PMCID: PMC5684286 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-017-9731-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Some members of aquaporin family (AQP) plays crucial functions in salivary synthesis and secretion. These proteins expression has already been reported during salivary gland formation, however no previous studies in human developing glands have been performed. We evaluated AQP1, 3 and 5 expression through the stages of human salivary gland morphogenesis and discuss the possible role of AQP for glandular maturation. Human salivary glands derived from foetuses aged between 14 and 25 weeks were submitted to immunohistochemistry. At the bud stage, membrane expression of AQP1, 3 and 5 were observed within the epithelial bud cells presenting a similar apicolateral pattern, also found at the pseudoglandular stage, present within the terminal portions of future acini, while AQP5 was also particularly strong at the apical membrane of pre-acinar and pre-ductal cells. AQP5 was co-localised with Cytokeratin 7. Similar AQP1, 3 and 5 expression were observed at the following canalicular stage, where distinct and strongly luminal and acinar AQP5 expression is present. During the final terminal bud stage, AQP1 was only identified in serous acini, myoepithelial and endothelial cells, while differentiated mucous acinar cells and ducts were negative. AQP3 was detected at apicolateral membranes of both mucous and serous acini. AQP5 also showed a diffuse expression in mucous and serous acini, in addition to strong apical membrane expression within lumen of intercalated ductal cells. This topographic analysis of AQP1, 3 and 5 revealed differences in the expression pattern throughout salivary gland developmental stages, suggesting different roles for each protein in human glandular maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de Paula
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Tathyane Harumi Nakajima Teshima
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Hsieh
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Milena Monteiro Souza
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcello Menta Simonsen Nico
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Vanessa Lourenco
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
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46
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Watanabe H, Takahashi H, Hata-Kawakami M, Tanaka A. Expression of c-kit and Cytokeratin 5 in the Submandibular Gland after Release of Long-Term Ligation of the Main Excretory Duct in Mice. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2017; 50:111-118. [PMID: 28744028 PMCID: PMC5519490 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.17004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term submandibular duct obstruction is thought to cause irreversible atrophy and dysfunction of the submandibular gland. As an atrophic gland may be induced clinically by chronic or recurrent infection, it is generally removed surgically. However, the regenerative capacity of atrophic submandibular glands after long-term obstruction is not completely understood. We studied the regenerative capacity of the mouse submandibular duct using an aneurysm clip ligation model. We documented changes in the size, histologic structure and gene expression of the submandibular gland after 2 months of ligation, and 1 week, 1 month and 2 months after clip removal. Two months of ligation caused atrophy, particularly in the acinar portion. In the 2 months after clip removal, we observed a steady and significant increase in the expression of the acinar cell precursor gene cytokeratin 5 (CK5), and a significant decrease in the expression of the stem cell marker c-kit. These findings suggest that the submandibular gland retains some capacity for regeneration even after long-term obstruction, and that CK5 could serve as a marker of this regenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Watanabe
- Course of Clinical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Systemic Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Nippon Dental University Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Haruka Takahashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University at Niigata
| | - Miyuki Hata-Kawakami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University at Niigata
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University at Niigata
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47
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Tamasas B, Cox TC. Massively Increased Caries Susceptibility in an Irf6 Cleft Lip/Palate Model. J Dent Res 2016; 96:315-322. [PMID: 27927890 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516679376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cleft lip/palate (CLP) have been reported, in some studies, to exhibit an increased prevalence of caries, although the underlying cause for this increase is unknown. In genetically defined mouse models, studies of postnatal sequelae associated with CLP have been hampered by neonatal lethality. Using a conditional targeting approach, we ablated the major CLP gene Irf6 only in the late embryonic oral epithelium ( Irf6 cKO), bypassing the role of the gene in lip and palate morphogenesis and thus ensuring survival to adulthood. We report that Irf6 cKO mice present with 1) dysplastic salivary glands due to disruptions of epithelial junctional complexes, likely secondary to elevated activation of RHO GTPases, and 2) increased salivary cell proliferation. These changes result in significantly reduced saliva flow rate and buffering capacity and increased mucus acidity. A marked decrease in expression of CCL27, one of the major mucosal and skin cytokines, was found that correlated with increased bacterial colonization of the oral cavity with the cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans and other bacteria. When placed on a high-sugar diet, Irf6 cKO mice show a 35-fold increase in presentation and severity of dental caries as compared with wild-type control mice. Strikingly, within the 8-wk test period, many molars extensively dissolved, and there was progressive loss of the alveolar bone, likely as a result of increased colonization of periodontal pathogens. These data provide the first mechanistic insight into the heightened caries susceptibility associated with CLP and indicate a direct role for the major CLP gene Irf6 in salivary gland development and a significant role in regulating oral immunity. Our data suggest that careful evaluation of salivary gland function and the implementation of early oral health preventive strategies are warranted to reduce the burden of dental care in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tamasas
- 1 Departments of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,2 Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T C Cox
- 2 Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,3 Department of Pediatrics (Craniofacial Medicine), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,4 Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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48
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Gervais EM, Sequeira SJ, Wang W, Abraham S, Kim JH, Leonard D, DeSantis KA, Larsen M. Par-1b is required for morphogenesis and differentiation of myoepithelial cells during salivary gland development. Organogenesis 2016; 12:194-216. [PMID: 27841695 PMCID: PMC5198941 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2016.1252887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The salivary epithelium initiates as a solid mass of epithelial cells that are organized into a primary bud that undergoes morphogenesis and differentiation to yield bilayered acini consisting of interior secretory acinar cells that are surrounded by contractile myoepithelial cells in mature salivary glands. How the primary bud transitions into acini has not been previously documented. We document here that the outer epithelial cells subsequently undergo a vertical compression as they express smooth muscle α-actin and differentiate into myoepithelial cells. The outermost layer of polarized epithelial cells assemble and organize the basal deposition of basement membrane, which requires basal positioning of the polarity protein, Par-1b. Whether Par-1b is required for the vertical compression and differentiation of the myoepithelial cells is unknown. Following manipulation of Par-1b in salivary gland organ explants, Par-1b-inhibited explants showed both a reduced vertical compression of differentiating myoepithelial cells and reduced levels of smooth muscle α-actin. Rac1 knockdown and inhibition of Rac GTPase function also inhibited branching morphogenesis. Since Rac regulates cellular morphology, we investigated a contribution for Rac in myoepithelial cell differentiation. Inhibition of Rac GTPase activity showed a similar reduction in vertical compression and smooth muscle α-actin levels while decreasing the levels of Par-1b protein and altering its basal localization in the outer cells. Inhibition of ROCK, which is required for basal positioning of Par-1b, resulted in mislocalization of Par-1b and loss of vertical cellular compression, but did not significantly alter levels of smooth muscle α-actin in these cells. Overexpression of Par-1b in the presence of Rac inhibition restored basement membrane protein levels and localization. Our results indicate that the basal localization of Par-1b in the outer epithelial cells is required for myoepithelial cell compression, and Par-1b is required for myoepithelial differentiation, regardless of its localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M. Gervais
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental, and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Sharon J. Sequeira
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Weihao Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Stanley Abraham
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Janice H. Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Leonard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Kara A. DeSantis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental, and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
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Matsumoto S, Kurimoto T, Taketo MM, Fujii S, Kikuchi A. The WNT/MYB pathway suppresses KIT expression to control the timing of salivary proacinar differentiation and duct formation. Development 2016; 143:2311-24. [PMID: 27161149 DOI: 10.1242/dev.134486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Growth factor signaling is involved in the development of various organs, but how signaling regulates organ morphogenesis and differentiation in a coordinated manner remains to be clarified. Here, we show how WNT signaling controls epithelial morphogenetic changes and differentiation using the salivary gland as a model. Experiments using genetically manipulated mice and organ cultures revealed that WNT signaling at an early stage (E12-E15) of submandibular salivary gland (SMG) development inhibits end bud morphogenesis and differentiation into proacini by suppressing Kit expression through the upregulation of the transcription factor MYB, and concomitantly increasing the expression of distal progenitor markers. In addition, WNT signaling at the early stage of SMG development promoted end bud cell proliferation, leading to duct formation. WNT signaling reduction at a late stage (E16-E18) of SMG development promoted end bud maturation and suppressed duct formation. Thus, WNT signaling controls the timing of SMG organogenesis by keeping end bud cells in an undifferentiated bipotent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Matsumoto
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kurimoto
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan The First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Mark Taketo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujii
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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50
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Aquaporins in Salivary Glands: From Basic Research to Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17020166. [PMID: 26828482 PMCID: PMC4783900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands are involved in saliva secretion that ensures proper oral health. Aquaporins are expressed in salivary glands and play a major role in saliva secretion. This review will provide an overview of the salivary gland morphology and physiology of saliva secretion, and focus on the expression, subcellular localization and role of aquaporins under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, as well as clinical applications involving aquaporins. This review is highlighting expression and localization of aquaporins in human, rat and mouse, the most studied species and is pointing out possible difference between major salivary glands, i.e., parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands.
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