1
|
Deng D, Lei H, Cao Z, Zhang C, Du R, Gao X, Wei J, Lu Y, Zhou X, Zhang L. Microbiome-gut-brain axis contributes to patients and Bama miniature pigs with acute large ischemic stroke. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1378844. [PMID: 39071180 PMCID: PMC11272540 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1378844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute large hemispheric infarction (ALHI) is an overwhelming emergency with a great challenge of gastrointestinal dysfunction clinically. Here, we initially proposed delayed bowel movements as the clinical phenotype of strike to gut-brain axis (GBA) in ALHI patients by epidemiological analysis of 499 acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. 1H NMR-based metabolomics revealed that AIS markedly altered plasma global metabolic profiling of patients compared with healthy controls. Risk factors of strike on GBA were the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥ 5 and stroke onset time ≤ 24 h. As a result, first defecating time after admission to the hospital ≥2 days could be considered as a potential risk factor for strike on GBA. Subsequently, the ALHI Bama miniature (BM) pig model with acute symptomatic seizure was successfully established by ligation of the left ascending pharyngeal artery combined with local air injection. Clinical phenotypes of brain necrosis such as hemiplegia were examined with brain diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and pathological diagnosis. In addition to global brain injury and inflammation, we also found that ALHI induced marked alterations of intestinal barrier integrity, the gut microbial community, and microbiota-derived metabolites including serotonin and neurotransmitters in both plasma and multiple brain tissues of BM pigs. These findings revealed that microbiota-gut-brain axis highly contributed to the occurrence and development of ALHI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Deng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Emergency, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Hehua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruichen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Wei
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yibo Lu
- Department of Radiology, Nanning Fourth People's Hospital and Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Center, Nanning, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guang Q, Zhang L, Tang X, Li J, Cao C, Chen H, Qiu L. Quercetin alleviates inflammation induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in MARC-145 cells through the regulation of arachidonic acid and glutamine metabolism. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1536. [PMID: 39016357 PMCID: PMC11253185 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection causes severe inflammatory response, respiratory disease and sow reproductive failure. Quercetin is among the widely occurring polypheno found abundantly in nature. Quercetin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-viral properties. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of quercetin on PRRSV-induced inflammation in MARC-145 cells. METHODS Observing the cytopathic effect and measurements of inflammatory markers in MARC-145 cells collectively demonstrate that quercetin elicits a curative effect on PRRSV-induced inflammation. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was further used for a non-targeted metabolic analysis of the role of quercetin in the metabolic regulation of PRRSV inflammation in MARC-145 cells. RESULTS It was shown that quercetin attenuated PRRSV-induced cytopathy in MARC-145 cells. Quercetin treatment inhibited PRRSV replication in MARC-145 cells in a dose-dependent manner. We also found that quercetin inhibited PRRSV-induced mRNA expression and secretion levels of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin 1β and interleukin 6. Metabolomics analysis revealed that quercetin ameliorated PRRSV-induced inflammation. Pathway analysis results revealed that PRRSV-induced pathways including arachidonic acid metabolism, linoleic acid, glycerophospholipid and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were suppressed by quercetin. Moreover, we confirmed that quercetin inhibited the activation of NF-κB/p65 pathway, probably by attenuating PLA2, ALOX and COX mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS These results provide a crucial insight into the molecular mechanism of quercetin in alleviating PRRSV-induced inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guang
- College of Life SciencesLongyan UniversityLongyanChina
| | - Long‐Ze Zhang
- College of Life SciencesLongyan UniversityLongyanChina
| | - Xin Tang
- College of Life SciencesLongyan UniversityLongyanChina
| | - Jia‐Kai Li
- College of Life SciencesLongyan UniversityLongyanChina
| | - Chong Cao
- College of Life SciencesLongyan UniversityLongyanChina
| | - Hong‐Bo Chen
- College of Life SciencesLongyan UniversityLongyanChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and BiotechnologyLongyanChina
| | - Long‐Xin Qiu
- College of Life SciencesLongyan UniversityLongyanChina
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and BiotechnologyLongyan UniversityLongyanChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sacramento LA, Lombana C, Scott P. Malnutrition disrupts adaptive immunity during visceral leishmaniasis by enhancing IL-10 production. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.06.597776. [PMID: 38895324 PMCID: PMC11185680 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.06.597776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a risk factor for developing visceral leishmaniasis (VL). However, the impact on adaptive immunity during infection is unknown. To study the effect of malnutrition on chronic VL, we used a polynutrient-deficient diet (deficient protein, energy, zinc, and iron), which mimics moderate human malnutrition, followed by Leishmania infantum infection. The polynutrient-deficient diet leads to growth stunting and reduced mass of visceral organs. Malnourished-infected mice harbored more parasites in the spleen and liver, had a reduced number of T lymphocytes, reduced production of IFN-γ by T cells, and exhibited enhanced IL-10 production. To test whether IL-10 blockade would lessen disease in the malnourished mice, we treated infected mice with monoclonal antibody α-IL-10R. α-IL-10R treatment reduced the parasite number of malnourished mice, restored the number of T cells producing IFN-γ, and enhanced hepatic granuloma formation. Our results indicate that malnutrition increases VL susceptibility due to a defective IFN-γ-mediated immunity attributable to increased IL-10 production. Author Summary Malnutrition contributes to the development of VL. Despite the advances regarding this association, how malnutrition affects the adaptive immune mechanisms in VL is still unclear. We found that malnutrition disrupts the ability to control parasite replication in the spleen and liver in VL due to defective IFN-γ-mediated immunity, reduced hepatic granuloma formation, and enhanced IL-10 production. Blocking IL-10R signaling restored the protective mechanisms to control parasite replication in the malnourished mice without interfering with the undernutrition state. Thus, we demonstrate that malnutrition disrupts the adaptive immunity against VL due to an aberrant IL-10 production. Understanding the association between malnutrition and VL will provide insights into therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun C, Cao C, Zhao T, Guo H, Fleming BC, Owens B, Beveridge J, McAllister S, Wei L. A2M inhibits inflammatory mediators of chondrocytes by blocking IL-1β/NF-κB pathway. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:241-248. [PMID: 35451533 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA) is cartilage degeneration, which has been previously correlated with dramatic increases in inflammatory enzymes. Specifically, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and subsequent upregulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is implicated as an important player in the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Alpha 2-macroglobulin (A2M) can inhibit this inflammatory pathway, making it a promising therapy for PTOA. Herein, we demonstrate that A2M binds and neutralizes IL-1β, blocking downstream NF-κB-induced catabolism seen in in vitro. Human chondrocytes (cell line C28) were incubated with A2M protein and then treated with IL-1β. A2M was labeled with VivoTag™ 680 to localize the protein postincubation. The degree of binding between A2M and IL-1β was evaluated through immunoprecipitation (IP). Catabolic proteins, including IL-1β and NF-kB, were detected by Western blot. Pro-inflammatory and chondrocyte-related gene expression was examined by qRT-PCR. VivoTag™ 680-labeled A2M was observed in the cytoplasm of C28 human chondrocytes by fluorescence microscopy. IP experiments demonstrated that A2M could bind IL-1β. Additionally, western blot analysis revealed that A2M neutralized IL-1β and NF-κB in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, A2M decreased levels of MMPs and TNF-α and increased the expression of cartilage protective genes Col2, Type2, Smad4, and aggrecan. Mostly importantly, A2M was shown to directly neutralize IL-1β to downregulate the pro-inflammatory responses mediated by the NF-kB pathway. These results demonstrate a mechanism by which A2M reduces inflammatory catabolic activity and protects cartilage after joint injury. Further in vivo studies are needed to fully understand the potential of A2M as a novel PTOA therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changqi Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rhode Island Hospital/Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Can Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rhode Island Hospital/Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rhode Island Hospital/Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Hailing Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rhode Island Hospital/Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Braden C Fleming
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rhode Island Hospital/Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Brett Owens
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rhode Island Hospital/Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Scott McAllister
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rhode Island Hospital/Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rhode Island Hospital/Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu H, Zhou L, Wang H, Wang X, Qu G, Cai J, Zhang H. Malnutrition is associated with hyperinflammation and immunosuppression in COVID-19 patients: A prospective observational study. Nutr Clin Pract 2021; 36:863-871. [PMID: 33978988 PMCID: PMC8242896 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is spreading globally and has caused many deaths. This study investigated, for the first time, COVID‐19 patients’ nutrition status and its effects on their inflammatory and immune responses. Methods Forty‐seven COVID‐19 patients were recruited for this prospective study. According to the subjective global assessment at admission, patients were divided into the normal nutrition (NN), risk of malnutrition (RMN), or MN group. Serum cytokines and whole blood T‐cell subpopulations were measured to assess the inflammatory and immune responses in COVID‐19 patients. Analysis of covariance and χ2 tests were used. Results On admission, the incidences of MN and the RMN in COVID‐19 patients were 17.0% and 38.3%, respectively. The MN group had a higher proportion with severe/critical COVID‐19 and a longer hospitalization duration than the NN group. Serum interleukin (IL) 6 concentrations were elevated in 97.9% of the patients and were the highest in malnourished patients. The IL‐4 and IL‐10 levels were elevated in 46.8% and 48.9% of the patients, respectively. The proportion of CD8+ T cells was significantly lower in the MN group than in the NN group. Conclusion A high proportion of COVID‐19 patients are malnourished or at risk of malnuourishment, especially those with severe disease. MN is associated with hyperinflammation and immunosuppression in COVID‐19 patients, and it may contribute to disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR, China
| | - Hugen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ferreira C, Mesquita I, Barbosa AM, Osório NS, Torrado E, Beauparlant CJ, Droit A, Cunha C, Carvalho A, Saha B, Estaquier J, Silvestre R. Glutamine supplementation improves the efficacy of miltefosine treatment for visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008125. [PMID: 32214337 PMCID: PMC7138311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The disturbance of host metabolic pathways by Leishmania parasites has crucial consequences for the activation status of immune cells and the outcome of infection. Glutamine has been described as an immunomodulatory amino acid, yet its role during Leishmania infection is still unknown. Methods We performed transcriptomics in uninfected and L. donovani-infected macrophages 6 hours post-infection. Glutamine quantification by HPLC was assessed in the supernatant of macrophages throughout the infection course. For experimental L. donovani infections, mice were infected with 1.0 x 108 stationary L. donovani promastigotes. Glutaminase (GLS) chemical inhibition was performed using BPTES and glutamine was administered throughout infection. For combined therapy experiment, a daily administration of miltefosine and glutamine was performed by oral gavage. Parasite burden was determined using a Taqman-based assay. Immune cell phenotyping and cytotoxicity were performed in splenic cells using flow cytometry. Findings We show that glutamine is essential for the control of L. donovani infection. Transcriptomic analysis of L. donovani-infected macrophages demonstrated an upregulation of genes involved in glutamine metabolism. Pharmacological inhibition of glutaminolysis significantly increased the susceptibility to infection, accompanied by an increased recruitment of anti-inflammatory myeloid cells and impaired T cell responses. Remarkably, the supplementation of glutamine to mice infected with L. donovani during miltefosine treatment potentiates parasite clearance through the development of a more effective anti-Leishmania adaptive immune response. Conclusions Our data indicates that dietary glutamine supplementation may act as a promising adjuvant for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. Visceral leishmaniasis is a life threatening neglected tropical disease affecting around 500,000 and killing 50,000 individuals a year. Despite its obligatory dependence on host cell metabolism and the lack of effective, non-toxic, orally bioavailable anti-leishmanial drugs, Leishmania-perturbed host cell metabolomes and its relation to anti-leishmanial chemotherapy remains unexplored. Transcriptomic analysis performed on L. donovani-infected macrophages identified patterns of gene expression associated with glutamine metabolism. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological inhibition of glutaminase (GLS), which catalyzes the first reaction in the primary pathway for the catabolism of glutamine, significantly increased the susceptibility to infection demonstrating the role of glutamine metabolism to L. donovani infection. More importantly, we demonstrated that glutamine supplementation during miltefosine treatment potentiates L. donovani clearance through the development of a more effective anti-Leishmania innate and adaptive immune response. Overall, our work demonstrated that glutamine-miltefosine synergy is a novel combined host- and pathogen-directed treatment for combating visceral leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Inês Mesquita
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Barbosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sampaio Osório
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Egídio Torrado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Charles-Joly Beauparlant
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire—Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire—Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jerôme Estaquier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- INSERM U1124, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Castilla-Madrigal R, Gil-Iturbe E, López de Calle M, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Lostao MP. DHA and its derived lipid mediators MaR1, RvD1 and RvD2 block TNF-α inhibition of intestinal sugar and glutamine uptake in Caco-2 cells. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 76:108264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
8
|
Zhang Z, Liu Q, Zang H, Shao Q, Sun T. Oxymatrine protects against l-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis and intestine injury involving Th1/Th17 cytokines and MAPK/NF-κB signalling. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:595-603. [PMID: 31496325 PMCID: PMC6746280 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1657906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Context: Oxymatrine (OMT) has various pharmacological effects, including immune reaction regulation, anti-inflammation and anti-hypersensitive reaction. Objective: This is the first report to investigate the molecular mechanism of OMT function in l-arginine (Arg)-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) involving intestinal injury. Materials and methods: Rat pancreatic AR42J and small intestinal IEC-6 cells were treated with Arg (200-800 µM) for 48 h plus OMT (4 mg/mL) treatment. Thirty adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control (saline), AP (i.p. of 250 mg/100 g body weight Arg) and OMT (i.p. injection of 50 mg/kg b.w. OMT every 6 h following Arg). Both cells and rats were harvested at 48 h. Results: Arg-induced cell proliferation in both rats AR42J (EC50 633.9 ± 31.4 µM) and IEC-6 cells (EC50 571.3 ± 40.4 µM) in a dose-dependent manner, which was significantly inhibited by OMT (4 mg/mL). Meanwhile, Arg (600 µM) induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-κB, IL-17A/IL-17F and IFN-γ) and activation of p-p38/p-ERK in vitro, which was reversed by OMT. In vivo, OMT (50 mg/kg) inhibited 250 mg/100 g of Arg-induced AP involving intestinal injury, including inhibiting Arg-induced inflammatory in pancreas and intestine, inhibiting Arg-induced increase of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-κB and p-p38/p-ERK-MAPK signalling, and inhibiting Arg-induced increase of IL-17A/IL-17F, IFN-γ, ROR-γt and T-bet. Meanwhile, OMT inhibited Arg-induced expression of CD44 and CD55 in intestinal injury. Discussion and conclusions: OMT protects against Arg-induced AP involving intestinal injury via regulating Th1/Th17 cytokines and MAPK/NF-κB signalling, which is a promising therapeutic agent in clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Zang
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingliang Shao
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- CONTACT Qingliang Shao Department of General Surgery, The Peoples’ Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tian Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Salameh E, Morel FB, Zeilani M, Déchelotte P, Marion-Letellier R. Animal Models of Undernutrition and Enteropathy as Tools for Assessment of Nutritional Intervention. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092233. [PMID: 31527523 PMCID: PMC6770013 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
: Undernutrition is a major public health problem leading to 1 in 5 of all deaths in children under 5 years. Undernutrition leads to growth stunting and/or wasting and is often associated with environmental enteric dysfunction (EED). EED mechanisms leading to growth failure include intestinal hyperpermeability, villus blunting, malabsorption and gut inflammation. As non-invasive methods for investigating gut function in undernourished children are limited, pre-clinical models are relevant to elucidating the pathophysiological processes involved in undernutrition and EED, and to identifying novel therapeutic strategies. In many published models, undernutrition was induced using protein or micronutrient deficient diets, but these experimental models were not associated with EED. Enteropathy models mainly used gastrointestinal injury triggers. These models are presented in this review. We found only a few studies investigating the combination of undernutrition and enteropathy. This highlights the need for further developments to establish an experimental model reproducing the impact of undernutrition and enteropathy on growth, intestinal hyperpermeability and inflammation, that could be suitable for preclinical evaluation of innovative therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmeline Salameh
- UniRouen, Inserm UMR 1073 Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Nutriset SAS, 76770 Malaunay, France.
| | | | | | - Pierre Déchelotte
- UniRouen, Inserm UMR 1073 Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Rachel Marion-Letellier
- UniRouen, Inserm UMR 1073 Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Morais NGD, Costa TBD, Ferreira de Lima LF, Basílio DDS, Morais NNGD, Paiva Cavalcanti MD, Pereira VRA, de Castro CMMB. Impact of neonatal malnutrition on expression TLR-9, NF-kB and cytokines of macrophages infected in vitro with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog 2019; 132:254-260. [PMID: 31075429 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Early nutritional aggressions promote epigenetic adjustments that culminate in the loss of phenotype plasticity (with permanent long-term modifications). Maternal diet and inadequate neonatal nutrition can result in fetal programming that presents susceptibility to infections in adult life. Thus, it becomes essential to verify the impacts of neonatal malnutrition (even following nutritional replacement) on the immunological response to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Male rats were divided into two distinct groups: Nourished and Malnourished. After isolation of mononuclear cells, four systems were established: negative control, positive control and two testing systems, (MSSA and MRSA). Tests were performed to analyze expression of TLR-9, NF-kB, IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-33. For statistical analysis, we used the Student t and ANOVA tests p < 0.05. Even after nutritional replacement, malnutrition in the neonatal period compromised the animals' weight gains p < 0.05. There was a reduction in the expression of the immunological response in the positive control, however deregulation was observed in the gene expression of MRSA-infected macrophages, with a reduction in TLR-9 expression, and overexpression in NF-kB and cytokines p < 0.05. Puppies inflicted with protein-calorie malnutrition were compromised; (long-term) body growth and immune response. In the infectious scenario, immune collapse is reflected in inflammatory response exacerbation with a likely histolytic character. Immune disabling (resulting from gene expression deregulation) causes susceptibility to infections due to ineffective recognition, intense pro-inflammatory mediation, and cell death. It is suggested that neonatal malnutrition can program susceptibility to multiresistant bacterial infections, and generally favors a triggering of more intense confrontations with fatal outcomes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zang H, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Xiao H, Sun T, Guo E, Zhang L, Gong B. Oxymatrine improves L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis related intestinal injury via regulating AKT/NFkB and claudins signaling. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Exogenous glutamine impairs neutrophils migration into infections sites elicited by lipopolysaccharide by a multistep mechanism. Amino Acids 2018; 51:451-462. [PMID: 30449005 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine (GLN) is the most abundant free amino acid in the body, and is considered as a conditionally essential amino acid under stress conditions, acting as an important modulator of the immune response. We here investigated the role of exogenous GLN treatment on leukocyte migration after the onset of endotoxemia and the intracellular mechanisms of GLN actions on neutrophils. Two in vivo models of endotoxemia caused by lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli (LPS) injection were carried out in male outbred Balb/C mice 2-3 months old, as follow: (1) LPS (50 μg/kg) was intravenously injected 1 h prior to intravenous injection of GLN (0.75 mg/kg) and samples were collected 2 h later to investigate the role of GLN on the acute lung inflammation; (2) LPS (1 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 1 h prior to intravenous injection of GLN (0.75 mg/kg) and samples were collected 18 h later to measure the effects of GLN on local and later phases of inflammation in the peritoneum. Results showed that GLN administration reduced the number of neutrophils in the inflamed lungs, partially recovery of the reduced number of leukocytes in the blood; reduced adhesion molecules on lung endothelium and on circulating neutrophils. Moreover, GLN treatment diminished the number of neutrophils, levels of chemotactic cytokine CXCL2 in the inflamed peritoneum, and neutrophils collected from the peritoneum of GLN-treated mice presented lower levels of Rho, Rac, and JNK. Together, our data show novel mechanisms involved in the actions of GLN on neutrophils migration.
Collapse
|
13
|
C de Oliveira D, Santos EW, Nogueira-Pedro A, Xavier JG, Borelli P, Fock RA. Effects of short-term dietary restriction and glutamine supplementation in vitro on the modulation of inflammatory properties. Nutrition 2018; 48:96-104. [PMID: 29469028 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary restriction (DR) is a nutritional intervention that exerts profound effects on biochemical and immunologic parameters, modulating some inflammatory properties. Glutamine (GLN) is a conditionally essential amino acid that can modulate inflammatory properties. However, there is a lack of data evaluating the effects of DR and GLN supplementation, especially in relation to inflammatory cytokine production and the expression of transcription factors such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB. METHODS We subjected 3-mo-old male Balb/c mice to DR by reducing their food intake by 30%. DR animals lost weight and showed reduced levels of serum triacylglycerols, glucose, cholesterol, and calcium as well as a reduction in bone density. Additionally, blood, peritoneal, and spleen cellularity were reduced, lowering the number of peritoneal F4/80- and CD86-positive cells and the total number of splenic CD4- and CD8-positive cells. RESULTS The production of interleukin (IL)-10 and the expression of NF-κB in splenic cells were not affected by DR or by GLN supplementation. However, peritoneal macrophages from DR animals showed reduced IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α production and increased IL-10 production with reduced phosphorylation of NF-κB expression. Additionally, GLN was able to modulate cytokine production by peritoneal cells from the control group, although no effects were observed in cells from the DR group. CONCLUSION DR induces biochemical and immunologic changes, in particular by reducing IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α production by macrophages and clearly upregulating IL-10 production, whereas GLN supplementation did not modify these parameters in cells from DR animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalila C de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ed Wilson Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Nogueira-Pedro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Guilherme Xavier
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Health Science Paulista University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brusilow WSA, Peters TJ. Therapeutic effects of methionine sulfoximine in multiple diseases include and extend beyond inhibition of glutamine synthetase. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:461-469. [PMID: 28292200 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1303484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methionine sulfoximine (MSO), a well-characterized inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, displays significant therapeutic benefits in animal models for several human diseases. This amino acid might therefore be a viable candidate for drug development to treat diseases for which there are few effective therapies. Areas covered: We describe the effects of MSO on brain swelling occurring in overt hepatic encephalopathy resulting from liver failure, the effects of MSO on excitotoxic damage involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or resulting from stroke, and the effects of MSO on a model for an inflammatory immune response involved in a range of diseases. We conclude that these results imply the existence of another therapeutic target for MSO in addition to glutamine synthetase. Expert opinion: We summarize the various diseases for which MSO treatment might be a candidate for drug development. We discuss why MSO has limited enthusiasm in the scientific and medical communities for use in humans, with a rebuttal to those negative opinions. And we conclude that MSO should be considered a candidate drug to treat brain swelling involved in overt hepatic encephalopathy and diseases involving an inflammatory immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William S A Brusilow
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Tyler J Peters
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| |
Collapse
|