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Chiu PE, Fu Z, Tsai YC, Tsai CY, Hsu WJ, Chou LW, Lai DW. Fu's subcutaneous needling promotes axonal regeneration and remyelination by inhibiting inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Transl Res 2024; 273:46-57. [PMID: 38950695 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Fu's subcutaneous needling (FSN) is a traditional Chinese acupuncture procedure used to treat pain-related neurological disorders. Moreover, the regulation of inflammatory cytokines may provide a favorable environment for peripheral nerve regeneration. In light of this, FSN may be an important novel therapeutic strategy to alleviate pain associated with peripheral neuropathy; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study revealed that patients who had osteoarthritis with peripheral neuropathic pain significantly recovered after 1 to 2 weeks of FSN treatment according to the visual analog scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Lequesne index, walking speed, and passive range of motion. Similarly, we demonstrated that FSN treatment in an animal model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) significantly improved sciatic nerve pain using paw withdrawal thresholds, sciatic functional index scores, and compound muscle action potential amplitude tests. In addition, transmission electron microscopy images of sciatic nerve tissue showed that FSN effectively reduced axonal swelling, abnormal myelin sheaths, and the number of organelle vacuoles in CCI-induced animals. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis revealed significantly reduced inflammatory pathways, neurotransmitters, and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways and increased nerve regeneration factors in the FSN+CCI group, compared with that in the CCI group. Finally, immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed similar results in the dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerve. Our findings suggest that FSN can effectively ameliorate peripheral neuropathic pain by regulate inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress, thereby determine its beneficial application in patients with peripheral nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-En Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhonghua Fu
- Institute of Fu's Subcutaneous Needling, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ching Tsai
- Department of Immune Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Tsai
- Experimental Animal Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Hsu
- Experimental Animal Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Chou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Asia University Hospital, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - De-Wei Lai
- Experimental Animal Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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2
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El-Marasy SA, AbouSamra MM, Moustafa PE, Mabrok HB, Ahmed-Farid OA, Galal AF, Farouk H. Anti-depressant effect of Naringenin-loaded hybridized nanoparticles in diabetic rats via PPARγ/NLRP3 pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13559. [PMID: 38866877 PMCID: PMC11169681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Naringenin (NAR) has various biological activities but low bioavailability. The current study examines the effect of Naringenin-loaded hybridized nanoparticles (NAR-HNPs) and NAR on depression induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. NAR-HNPs formula with the highest in vitro NAR released profile, lowest polydispersity index value (0.21 ± 0.02), highest entrapment efficiency (98.7 ± 2.01%), as well as an acceptable particle size and zeta potential of 415.2 ± 9.54 nm and 52.8 ± 1.04 mV, respectively, was considered the optimum formulation. It was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, examined using a transmission electron microscope, and a stability study was conducted at different temperatures to monitor its stability efficiency showing that NAR-HNP formulation maintains stability at 4 °C. The selected formulation was subjected to an acute toxicological test, a pharmacokinetic analysis, and a Diabetes mellitus (DM) experimental model. STZ (50 mg/kg) given as a single i.p. rendered rats diabetic. Diabetic rat groups were allocated into 4 groups: one group received no treatment, while the remaining three received oral doses of unloaded HNPs, NAR (50 mg/kg), NAR-HNPs (50 mg/kg) and NAR (50 mg/kg) + peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) antagonist, GW9662 (1mg/kg, i.p.) for three weeks. Additional four non-diabetic rat groups received: distilled water (normal), free NAR, and NAR-HNPs, respectively for three weeks. NAR and NAR-HNPs reduced immobility time in forced swimming test and serum blood glucose while increasing serum insulin level. They also reduced cortical and hippocampal 5-hydroxyindoeacetic acid, 3,4-Dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid, malondialdehyde, NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3) and interleukin-1beta content while raised serotonin, nor-epinephrine, dopamine and glutathione level. PPAR-γ gene expression was elevated too. So, NAR and NAR-HNPs reduced DM-induced depression by influencing brain neurotransmitters and exhibiting anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through the activation PPAR-γ/ NLRP3 pathway. NAR-HNPs showed the best pharmacokinetic and therapeutic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A El-Marasy
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mona M AbouSamra
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Pharmaceutical Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Passant E Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hoda B Mabrok
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa F Galal
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hadir Farouk
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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3
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Habtemariam S. Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Mechanisms of Isothiocyanates: Insights from Sulforaphane. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1169. [PMID: 38927376 PMCID: PMC11200786 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) belong to a group of natural products that possess a highly reactive electrophilic -N=C=S functional group. They are stored in plants as precursor molecules, glucosinolates, which are processed by the tyrosinase enzyme upon plant tissue damage to release ITCs, along with other products. Isolated from broccoli, sulforaphane is by far the most studied antioxidant ITC, acting primarily through the induction of a transcription factor, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which upregulates downstream antioxidant genes/proteins. Paradoxically, sulforaphane, as a pro-oxidant compound, can also increase the levels of reactive oxygen species, a mechanism which is attributed to its anticancer effect. Beyond highlighting the common pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects of sulforaphane, the present paper was designed to assess the diverse anti-inflammatory mechanisms reported to date using a variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Sulforaphane downregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, cycloxyhenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The signalling pathways of nuclear factor κB, activator protein 1, sirtuins 1, silent information regulator sirtuin 1 and 3, and microRNAs are among those affected by sulforaphane. These anti-inflammatory actions are sometimes due to direct action via interaction with the sulfhydryl structural moiety of cysteine residues in enzymes/proteins. The following are among the topics discussed in this paper: paradoxical signalling pathways such as the immunosuppressant or immunostimulant mechanisms; crosstalk between the oxidative and inflammatory pathways; and effects dependent on health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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4
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Rezaee A, Rahmanian P, Nemati A, Sohrabifard F, Karimi F, Elahinia A, Ranjbarpazuki A, Lashkarbolouki R, Dezfulian S, Zandieh MA, Salimimoghadam S, Nabavi N, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M, Hushmandi K. NF-ĸB axis in diabetic neuropathy, cardiomyopathy and nephropathy: A roadmap from molecular intervention to therapeutic strategies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29871. [PMID: 38707342 PMCID: PMC11066643 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic illness defined by elevated blood glucose levels, mediating various tissue alterations, including the dysfunction of vital organs. Diabetes mellitus (DM) can lead to many consequences that specifically affect the brain, heart, and kidneys. These issues are known as neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, and nephropathy, respectively. Inflammation is acknowledged as a pivotal biological mechanism that contributes to the development of various diabetes consequences. NF-κB modulates inflammation and the immune system at the cellular level. Its abnormal regulation has been identified in several clinical situations, including cancer, inflammatory bowel illnesses, cardiovascular diseases, and Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The purpose of this review is to evaluate the potential impact of NF-κB on complications associated with DM. Enhanced NF-κB activity promotes inflammation, resulting in cellular harm and compromised organ performance. Phytochemicals, which are therapeutic molecules, can potentially decline the NF-κB level, therefore alleviating inflammation and the progression of problems correlated with DM. More importantly, the regulation of NF-κB can be influenced by various factors, such as TLR4 in DM. Highlighting these factors can facilitate the development of novel therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parham Rahmanian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Nemati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farima Sohrabifard
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Elahinia
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ranjbarpazuki
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rozhin Lashkarbolouki
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Dezfulian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Eisa NH, Helmy SA, El-Kashef DH, El-Sherbiny M, Elsherbiny NM. Pramipexole protects against diabetic neuropathy: Effect on oxidative stress, TLR4/IRAK-1/TRAF-6/NF-κB and downstream inflammatory mediators. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111514. [PMID: 38199193 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a serious microvascular complication and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by neurodegeneration of terminal sensory nerve fibers with subsequent pain, loss of sensation, and paresthesia, thus compromising the quality of life of diabetic patients. It is considered the leading cause of non-traumatic amputations worldwide, reflecting the insufficiency of current therapies. Pramipexole (PPX) is a dopamine receptor agonist used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The current study aims to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of PPX in an experimental model of DN. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into five groups: normal control, Normal + PPX (1 mg/kg) group, STZ control, STZ + PPX (0.25 and 1 mg/kg/day for eight weeks). The neuroprotective effect of PPX in rats was evaluated in terms of sciatic nerve histological alterations, oxidative stress, and protein expression of TLR4/MyD88/IRAK-1/TRAF-6/NF-κB axis and downstream inflammatory mediators. RESULTS PPX administration ameliorated histopathological signs of neuronal inflammation and apoptosis. Additionally, PPX attenuated STZ-induced sciatic nerve oxidative stress and downregulated neural tissue expression of TLR4, MyD88, IRAK-1, TRAF-6, NF-κB and downstream mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β and ICAM-1). CONCLUSION Collectively, the current study sheds light on PPX as a potential protective medication to alleviate neuropathy progression in diabetic patients. PPX neuroprotective effect can be attributed to modulating TLR4/ MyD88/IRAK-1/TRAF-6/ NF-κB axis signaling in nerve tissues with subsequent attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada H Eisa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Helmy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Dalia H El-Kashef
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nehal M Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Ibrahim SM, Kamel AS, Ahmed KA, Mohammed RA, Essam RM. The preferential effect of Clemastine on F3/Contactin-1/Notch-1 compared to Jagged-1/Notch-1 justifies its remyelinating effect in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111481. [PMID: 38232534 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Clemastine (CLM) is repurposed to enhance remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. CLM blocks histamine and muscarinic receptors as negative regulators to oligodendrocyte differentiation. These receptors are linked to the canonical and non-canonical Notch-1 signaling via specific ligands; Jagged-1 and F3/Contactin-1, respectively. Yet, there are no previous studies showing the influence of CLM on Notch entities. Herein, the study aimed to investigate to which extent CLM aligns to one of the two Notch-1 arms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) rat model. Three groups were utilized where first group received vehicles. The second group was injected by spinal cord homogenate mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant on days 0 and 7. In the third group, CLM (5 mg/kg/day; p.o) was administered for 15 days starting from the day of the first immunization. CLM ameliorated EAE-associated motor and gripping impairment in rotarod, open-field, and grip strength arena beside sensory anomalies in hot plate, cold allodynia, and mechanical Randall-Selitto tests. Additionally, CLM alleviated depressive mood observed in tail suspension test. These findings harmonized with histopathological examinations of Luxol-fast blue stain together with enhanced immunostaining of myelin basic protein and oligodendrocyte lineage gene 2 in corpus callosum and spinal cord. Additionally, CLM enhanced oligodendrocyte myelination and maturation by increasing 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, proteolipid protein, aspartoacylase as well. CLM restored the level of F3/Contactin-1 in the diseased rats over Jagged-1 level; the ligand of the canonical pathway. This was accompanied by elevated gene expression of Deltex-1 and reduced hairy and enhancer-of-split homologs 1 and 5. Additionally, CLM suppressed microglial and astrocyte activation via reducing the expression of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein, respectively. These results outlined the remyelinating beneficence of CLM which could be due to augmenting the non-canonical Notch-1 signaling over the canonical one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherehan M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Reham A Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham M Essam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
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Men X, Han X, Oh G, Im JH, Lim JS, Cho GH, Choi SI, Lee OH. Plant sources, extraction techniques, analytical methods, bioactivity, and bioavailability of sulforaphane: a review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:539-556. [PMID: 38274178 PMCID: PMC10805900 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate commonly found in cruciferous vegetables. It is formed via the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucoraphanin by myrosinase. SFN exerts various biological effects, including anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory effects, and is widely used in functional foods and clinical medicine. However, the structure of SFN is unstable and easily degradable, and its production is easily affected by temperature, pH, and enzyme activity, which limit its application. Hence, several studies are investigating its physicochemical properties, stability, and biological activity to identify methods to increase its content. This article provides a comprehensive review of the plant sources, extraction and analysis techniques, in vitro and in vivo biological activities, and bioavailability of SFN. This article highlights the importance and provides a reference for the research and application of SFN in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Men
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Xionggao Han
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Oh
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Im
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - June seok Lim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Geun hee Cho
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
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Mohamadi N, Baradaran Rahimi V, Fadaei MR, Sharifi F, Askari VR. A mechanistic overview of sulforaphane and its derivatives application in diabetes and its complications. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2885-2899. [PMID: 37955784 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a type of phytochemical found in many cruciferous vegetables that has been shown to positively benefit the control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The search was done from 2000 until December 2022 using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar databases. We included all in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. Sulforaphane has been demonstrated to activate the PI3K/AKT and AMP-activated protein kinase pathways and the glucose transporter type 4 to increase insulin production and reduce insulin resistance. Interestingly, SFN possesses protective effects against diabetes complications, such as diabetic-induced hepatic damage, vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, nephropathy, and neuropathy via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation that leads to the translation of several anti-oxidant enzymes and regulation glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid metabolism, glutamine metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. Furthermore, multiple clinical trial studies emphasized the ameliorating effects of SFN on T2DM patients. This review provides sufficient evidence for further research and development of sulforaphane as a hypoglycemic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Mohamadi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicine Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fadaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sharifi
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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9
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Eissa RG, Eissa NG, Eissa RA, Diab NH, Abdelshafi NA, Shaheen MA, Elsabahy M, Hammad SK. Oral proniosomal amitriptyline and liraglutide for management of diabetic neuropathy: Exceptional control over hyperglycemia and neuropathic pain. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123549. [PMID: 37890645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Exploitation of nanocarriers provides a compartment for enclosing drugs to protect them from degradation and potentiate their therapeutic efficiency. In the current study, amitriptyline- and liraglutide-loaded proniosomes were constructed for management of diabetic neuropathy, a serious complication associated with diabetes, that triggers spontaneous pain in patients and results in impaired quality of life. The developed therapeutic proniosomes were extensively characterized via dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. High entrapment efficiency could be attained for both drugs in the proniosomes, and the reconstituted amitriptyline- and liraglutide-loaded niosomes possessed spherical morphology and particle sizes of 585.3 nm and 864.4 nm, respectively. In a diabetic neuropathy rat model, oral administration of the developed amitriptyline- and liraglutide-loaded proniosomes significantly controlled blood glucose levels, reduced neuropathic pain, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, and improved histological structure of the sciatic nerve as compared to the oral and subcutaneous administration of amitriptyline and liraglutide, respectively. Loading of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline and the antidiabetic peptide liraglutide into proniosomes resulted in exceptional control over hyperglycemia and neuropathic pain, and thus could provide an auspicious delivery system for management of neuropathic pain and control of blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana G Eissa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Noura G Eissa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; Badr University in Cairo Research Center, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Rana A Eissa
- Badr University in Cairo Research Center, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Nadeen H Diab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Nahla A Abdelshafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shaheen
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Badr University in Cairo Research Center, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Sally K Hammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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10
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Mthembu SXH, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Moetlediwa MT, Muvhulawa N, Silvestri S, Orlando P, Nkambule BB, Muller CJF, Ndwandwe D, Basson AK, Tiano L, Dludla PV. Sulforaphane: A nutraceutical against diabetes-related complications. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106918. [PMID: 37703962 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the use of nutraceuticals and plant-derived bioactive compounds from foods for their potential health benefits. For example, as a major active ingredient found from cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, there has been growing interest in understanding the therapeutic effects of sulforaphane against diverse metabolic complications. The past decade has seen an extensive growth in literature reporting on the potential health benefits of sulforaphane to neutralize pathological consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation, which may be essential in protecting against diabetes-related complications. In fact, preclinical evidence summarized within this review supports an active role of sulforaphane in activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 or effectively modulating AMP-activated protein kinase to protect against diabetic complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, as well as other metabolic complications involving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and skeletal muscle insulin resistance. With clinical evidence suggesting that foods rich in sulforaphane like broccoli can improve the metabolic status and lower cardiovascular disease risk by reducing biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. This information remains essential in determining the therapeutic value of sulforaphane or its potential use as a nutraceutical to manage diabetes and its related complications. Finally, this review discusses essential information on the bioavailability profile of sulforaphane, while also covering information on the pathological consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation that drive the development and progression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinenhlanhla X H Mthembu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | | | - Marakiya T Moetlediwa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Ndivhuwo Muvhulawa
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Centre for Cardiometabolic Research Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Duduzile Ndwandwe
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Albertus K Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
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11
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El-Marasy SA, AbouSamra MM, El-Mosallamy AEMK, Emam AN, Mabrok HB, Galal AF, Ahmed-Farid OA, Abd El-Rahman SS, Moustafa PE. Chrysin loaded nanovesicles ameliorated diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Role of NGF/AKT/GSK-3β pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 375:110402. [PMID: 36804429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common diabetic complication. Chrysin (CHY) has many biological properties but poor oral bioavailability. This study investigates the effect of CHY and CHY-loaded nanovesicles (CHY-NVs) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DPN in rats. CHY-NVs were prepared by using film hydration method. The formula with the best entrapment efficiency%, lowest particle size, highest zeta potential, and highest in vitro CHY released profile was selected, characterized by Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy analysis, and examined by Transmission electron microscope. Acute toxicity test, pharmacokinetic study and experimental model of diabetes mellitus were performed on the selected formulation. Wistar rats were considered diabetic by administration of a single intraperitoneal dose of STZ (50 mg/kg). 48 h after STZ administration, hyperglycemic rats were randomly assigned into four groups, one group of untreated hyperglycemic rats and the other three groups received daily oral doses of unloaded NVs, CHY-NVs (25 mg/kg), and CHY-NVs (50 mg/kg), respectively for 21 days. Moreover, five additional groups of healthy rats received: distilled water (control), free CHY, unloaded NVs, and CHY-NVs respectively for 21 days. CHY and CHY-NVs maintained body weight and reduced STZ-induced behavioral changes in rotarod, hind paw cold allodynia, tail cold allodynia, tail flick, and hot plate tests. CHY and CHY-NVs lowered blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, elevated serum reduced glutathione (GSH), and reduced plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. CHY-NVs elevated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Pi3k), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT), and reduced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in sciatic nerve homogenate. CHY and CHY-NVs increased nerve growth factor (NGF) and decreased glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) gene expressions in the sciatic nerve. In conclusion, CHY and CHY-NVs ameliorated STZ-induced DPN behavioral and histopathological changes via attenuating hyperglycemia, exerting anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, activating NGF/p-AKT/GSK-3β pathway, and its anti-apoptotic effect. The best pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic effect was observed in rats treated with CHY-loaded NVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A El-Marasy
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical and clinical studies institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mona M AbouSamra
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Pharmaceutical drug industries research institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aliaa E M K El-Mosallamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical and clinical studies institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed N Emam
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Advanced Materials Technology and Mineral Researches research institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hoda B Mabrok
- Nutrition and food science department, Food industries and nutrition research institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Galal
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, Medical and clinical studies research institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Sahar S Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Passant E Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical and clinical studies institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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12
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Hashemi M, Zandieh MA, Ziaolhagh S, Mojtabavi S, Sadi FH, Koohpar ZK, Ghanbarirad M, Haghighatfard A, Behroozaghdam M, Khorrami R, Nabavi N, Ren J, Reiter RJ, Salimimoghadam S, Rashidi M, Hushmandi K, Taheriazam A, Entezari M. Nrf2 signaling in diabetic nephropathy, cardiomyopathy and neuropathy: Therapeutic targeting, challenges and future prospective. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166714. [PMID: 37028606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Western lifestyle contributes to an overt increase in the prevalence of metabolic anomalies including diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity. Prevalence of DM is rapidly growing worldwide, affecting many individuals in both developing and developed countries. DM is correlated with the onset and development of complications with diabetic nephropathy (DN), diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) and diabetic neuropathy being the most devastating pathological events. On the other hand, Nrf2 is a regulator for redox balance in cells and accounts for activation of antioxidant enzymes. Dysregulation of Nrf2 signaling has been shown in various human diseases such as DM. This review focuses on the role Nrf2 signaling in major diabetic complications and targeting Nrf2 for treatment of this disease. These three complications share similarities including the presence of oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. Onset and development of fibrosis impairs organ function, while oxidative stress and inflammation can evoke damage to cells. Activation of Nrf2 signaling significantly dampens inflammation and oxidative damage, and is beneficial in retarding interstitial fibrosis in diabetic complications. SIRT1 and AMPK are among the predominant pathways to upregulate Nrf2 expression in the amelioration of DN, DC and diabetic neuropathy. Moreover, certain therapeutic agents such as resveratrol and curcumin, among others, have been employed in promoting Nrf2 expression to upregulate HO-1 and other antioxidant enzymes in the combat of oxidative stress in the face of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setayesh Ziaolhagh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Mojtabavi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zeinab Khazaei Koohpar
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghanbarirad
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arvin Haghighatfard
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Behroozaghdam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6 Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 77030, United States
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Ibrahim Fouad G. Sulforaphane, an Nrf-2 Agonist, Modulates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in a Rat Model of Cuprizone-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2023; 23:46-60. [PMID: 36650404 PMCID: PMC9859885 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cuprizone (CPZ) is a neurotoxic agent that is used to induce demyelination and neurotoxicity in rats. This study aimed to investigate the protective potential of sulforaphane (SF), nuclear factor E2 related factor (Nrf-2) activator, against CPZ-induced cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Male adult Wistar rats (n = 18) were fed with a regular diet or a CPZ-contained diet (0.2%) for four weeks. The rats were divided into three groups (n = 6): negative control rats, CPZ-exposed rats, and CPZ + SF treated rats. SF was intraperitoneally administrated (2 mg/kg/day) for two weeks. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative functions of SF were investigated biochemically, histologically, and immunohistochemically. CPZ increased serum levels of cardiac troponin 1 (CTn1), aspartate amino transaminase (AST), alanine amino transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In addition, serum levels of inflammatory interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and pro-inflammatory interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were significantly elevated. Moreover, CPZ administration provoked oxidative stress as manifested by declined serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), as well as, stimulated lipid peroxidation and decreased catalase activities in both cardiac and hepatic tissues. SF treatment reversed all these biochemical alterations through exerting anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, and this was supported by histopathological investigations in both cardiac and hepatic tissues. This SF-triggered modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation is strongly associated with Nrf-2 activation, as evidenced by activated immunoexpression in both cardiac and hepatic tissues. This highlights the cardioprotective and hepatoprotective activities of SF via Nrf-2 activation and enhancing catalase function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadha Ibrahim Fouad
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
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14
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Sharef AY, Hamdi BA, Alrawi RA, Ahmad HO. Onopordum acanthium L. extract attenuates pancreatic β-Cells and cardiac inflammation in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280464. [PMID: 36696433 PMCID: PMC9876371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Methanolic extract from Onopordum acanthium L. leaves (MEOAL) has been discovered to treat diabetic complications. The objective of this study is to evaluate the ameliorative role of MEOAL on pancreatic islet injury and myocardial inflammation in diabetic rats. METHODS Forty male Wister albino rats were allocated into five groups of eight rats each. Group A was the negative control group. Single intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (50mg/kg) were used for the four experimental groups. Group B served as the positive control group. The rats in Groups C, D, and E received glibenclamide (5mg/kg), MEOAL (200, and 400 mg/kg) respectively, for eight weeks. Group C served as the standard drug group. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assays for antioxidant activity were conducted in MEOAL. In silico study, calculation of molecular binding energy (DG), and inhibition constant (pKi) of bioactive constituents in MEOAL were performed. RESULTS Administration of MEOAL significantly increases insulin content in β-cells with a marked enhancement of pancreatic islet structure, resulting in a significant reduction of blood glucose level and body weight loss. MEOAL treatment suppressed the increase of inflammatory cell score in myocardial tissue with an elevation of M2 -like macrophage. The phytochemical studies recorded the presence of six polyphenols, including catechin, kaempferol, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, epicatechin and gallic acid in MEOAL. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the extract was greater than that of standard ascorbic acid. The docking studies of the ligands Catechin, kaempferol and epicatechin with proteins showed high affinities with various targets related in β-Cells and cardiac inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The attenuation of pancreatic β-Cells damage and cardiac inflammation by MEOAL could be attributed to the presence of Catechin, kaempferol and epicatechin which have high affinities with the receptors namely pancreatic alpha-amylase, glucokinase, COX-2, and COX-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bushra Ahmed Hamdi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
- * E-mail:
| | - Rafal Abdulrazaq Alrawi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Hiwa Omer Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
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15
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Wang M, Chen M, Guo R, Ding Y, Zhang H, He Y. The improvement of sulforaphane in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related complications: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Li R, Chen S, Li Y, Chen X, Ye BC. Development of a "Turn off-on" whole-cell biosensor for sulforaphane detection based on the ultrasensitive activator HrpRS. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 70:798-810. [PMID: 36070874 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a defense secondary metabolite, can be used to predict the health status of plants and also has pharmacological effects, including anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The detection of SFN is therefore of great significance for the prevention and treatment of diseases. In this study, a "Turn off" whole-cell biosensor that can rapidly and robustly respond to the presence of SFN was constructed based on the orthogonal genetic components (hrpR, hrpS, and PhrpL ) of Pseudomonas syringae (PS). The final optimized biosensor, p114(30R-30S), was able to inhibit 91.7% of the fluorescence intensity in the presence of 100-μM SFN. Subsequently, a HrpRS-regulated OFF-ON genetic switch was designed by reconstituting a reverse σ70 promoter on the σ54 -PhrpL promoter sequence; this was coupled with dual-color reporter genes to construct a "Turn off-on" whole-cell SFN biosensor. The PhrpLB variant increased the expression of green fluorescence a factor of 11.9 and reduced the expression of red fluorescence by 85.8% compared with the system in the absence of SFN. Thus, a robust switching of signal output from "turn off" to "turn on" was realized. In addition, the biosensor showed good linearity in the SFN concentration ranges of 0.1-10 μM (R2 = 0.99429) and 10-100 μM (R2 = 0.99465) and a detection limit of ⁓0.1 μM. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Shengyan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Yangguang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.,Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.,Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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17
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Ghazipour AM, Pourheydar B, Naderi R. The effect of tropisetron on peripheral diabetic neuropathy: possible protective actions against inflammation and apoptosis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2022; 27:513-521. [PMID: 35972643 PMCID: PMC9485520 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common nerve disorder of diabetes. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of tropisetron in DPN. Type 1 diabetes was created by a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, ip). Tropisetron (3 mg/kg, ip) was administered daily for 2 weeks. Our analysis showed that nerve fibers and their myelin sheaths were thinned with decreased myelinated fiber number in diabetic animals. The intensity of Bcl-2 staining decreased and the intensity of Bax staining increased in the sciatic nerves of diabetic rats by using immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, diabetes significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1-β (TNFα and IL-1β) and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in sciatic nerves of rats. However, intraperitoneal injection of tropisetron significantly reversed these alterations induced by diabetes. These findings suggest that tropisetron attenuates diabetes-induced peripheral nerve injury through its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, and may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to ameliorate the process of peripheral neuropathy in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bagher Pourheydar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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18
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Clinical Research Progress of Small Molecule Compounds Targeting Nrf2 for Treating Inflammation-Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081564. [PMID: 36009283 PMCID: PMC9405369 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have found that inflammation is a symptom of various diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA); it is also the source of other diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), lupus erythematosus (LE), and liver damage. Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is an important multifunctional transcription factor in cells and plays a central regulatory role in cellular defense mechanisms. In recent years, several studies have found a strong association between the activation of Nrf2 and the fight against inflammation-related diseases. A number of small molecule compounds targeting Nrf2 have entered clinical research. This article reviews the research status of small molecule compounds that are in clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, lupus erythematosus, and liver injury.
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19
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Empagliflozin mitigates type 2 diabetes-associated peripheral neuropathy: a glucose-independent effect through AMPK signaling. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:475-493. [PMID: 35767208 PMCID: PMC9325846 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) represents a severe microvascular condition that dramatically affects diabetic patients despite adequate glycemic control, resulting in high morbidity. Thus, recently, anti-diabetic drugs that possess glucose-independent mechanisms attracted attention. This work aims to explore the potentiality of the selective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin (EMPA), to ameliorate streptozotocin-induced DPN in rats with insight into its precise signaling mechanism. Rats were allocated into four groups, where control animals received vehicle daily for 2 weeks. In the remaining groups, DPN was elicited by single intraperitoneal injections of freshly prepared streptozotocin and nicotinamide (52.5 and 50 mg/kg, respectively). Then EMPA (3 mg/kg/p.o.) was given to two groups either alone or accompanied with the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin (0.2 mg/kg/i.p.). Despite the non-significant anti-hyperglycemic effect, EMPA improved sciatic nerve histopathological alterations, scoring, myelination, nerve fibers’ count, and nerve conduction velocity. Moreover, EMPA alleviated responses to different nociceptive stimuli along with improved motor coordination. EMPA modulated ATP/AMP ratio, upregulated p-AMPK while reducing p-p38 MAPK expression, p-ERK1/2 and consequently p-NF-κB p65 as well as its downstream mediators (TNF-α and IL-1β), besides enhancing SOD activity and lowering MDA content. Moreover, EMPA downregulated mTOR and stimulated ULK1 as well as beclin-1. Likewise, EMPA reduced miR-21 that enhanced RECK, reducing MMP-2 and -9 contents. EMPA’s beneficial effects were almost abolished by dorsomorphin administration. In conclusion, EMPA displayed a protective effect against DPN independently from its anti-hyperglycemic effect, probably via modulating the AMPK pathway to modulate oxidative and inflammatory burden, extracellular matrix remodeling, and autophagy.
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20
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Abdelkader NF, Elbaset MA, Moustafa PE, Ibrahim SM. Empagliflozin mitigates type 2 diabetes-associated peripheral neuropathy: a glucose-independent effect through AMPK signaling. Arch Pharm Res 2022. [PMID: 35767208 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01391-5/figures/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) represents a severe microvascular condition that dramatically affects diabetic patients despite adequate glycemic control, resulting in high morbidity. Thus, recently, anti-diabetic drugs that possess glucose-independent mechanisms attracted attention. This work aims to explore the potentiality of the selective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin (EMPA), to ameliorate streptozotocin-induced DPN in rats with insight into its precise signaling mechanism. Rats were allocated into four groups, where control animals received vehicle daily for 2 weeks. In the remaining groups, DPN was elicited by single intraperitoneal injections of freshly prepared streptozotocin and nicotinamide (52.5 and 50 mg/kg, respectively). Then EMPA (3 mg/kg/p.o.) was given to two groups either alone or accompanied with the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin (0.2 mg/kg/i.p.). Despite the non-significant anti-hyperglycemic effect, EMPA improved sciatic nerve histopathological alterations, scoring, myelination, nerve fibers' count, and nerve conduction velocity. Moreover, EMPA alleviated responses to different nociceptive stimuli along with improved motor coordination. EMPA modulated ATP/AMP ratio, upregulated p-AMPK while reducing p-p38 MAPK expression, p-ERK1/2 and consequently p-NF-κB p65 as well as its downstream mediators (TNF-α and IL-1β), besides enhancing SOD activity and lowering MDA content. Moreover, EMPA downregulated mTOR and stimulated ULK1 as well as beclin-1. Likewise, EMPA reduced miR-21 that enhanced RECK, reducing MMP-2 and -9 contents. EMPA's beneficial effects were almost abolished by dorsomorphin administration. In conclusion, EMPA displayed a protective effect against DPN independently from its anti-hyperglycemic effect, probably via modulating the AMPK pathway to modulate oxidative and inflammatory burden, extracellular matrix remodeling, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha F Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Marawan A Elbaset
- Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Passant E Moustafa
- Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherehan M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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21
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Ammar RA, Mohamed AF, Kamal MM, Safar MM, Abdelkader NF. Neuroprotective effect of liraglutide in an experimental mouse model of multiple sclerosis: role of AMPK/SIRT1 signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:919-934. [PMID: 35364735 PMCID: PMC9135867 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous nature of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the unavailability of treatments addressing its intricate network and reversing the disease state is yet an area that needs to be elucidated. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, recently exhibited intriguing potential neuroprotective effects. The currents study investigated its potential effect against mouse model of MS and the possible underlying mechanisms. Demyelination was induced in C57Bl/6 mice by cuprizone (400 mg/kg/day p.o.) for 5 weeks. Animals received either liraglutide (25 nmol/kg/day i.p.) or dorsomorphin, an AMPK inhibitor, (2.5 mg/Kg i.p.) 30 min before the liraglutide dose, for 4 weeks (starting from the second week). Liraglutide improved the behavioral profile in cuprizone-treated mice. Furthermore, it induced the re-myelination process through stimulating oligodendrocyte progenitor cells differentiation via Olig2 transcription activation, reflected by increased myelin basic protein and myelinated nerve fiber percentage. Liraglutide elevated the protein content of p-AMPK and SIRT1, in addition to the autophagy proteins Beclin-1 and LC3B. Liraglutide halted cellular damage as manifested by reduced HMGB1 protein and consequently TLR-4 downregulation, coupled with a decrease in NF-κB. Liraglutide also suppressed NLRP3 transcription. Dorsomorphin pre-administration indicated a possible interplay between AMPK/SIRT1 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation as it partially reversed liraglutide’s effects. Immunohistochemical examination of Iba+ microglia emphasized these findings. In conclusion, liraglutide exerts neuroprotection against cuprizone-induced demyelination via anti-inflammatory, autophagic flux activation, NLRP3 inflammasome suppression, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms, possibly mediated, at least in part, via AMPK/SIRT1, autophagy, TLR-4/ NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham A Ammar
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Kamal
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Safar
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Noha F Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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22
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Hirsch GE, Heck TG. Inflammation, oxidative stress and altered heat shock response in type 2 diabetes: the basis for new pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:411-425. [PMID: 31746233 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1687522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a chronic disease characterised by variable degrees of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Besides, several pieces of evidence have shown that chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) are strongly involved in DM2 and its complications, and various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment alternatives act in these processes/molecules to modulate them and ameliorate the disease. Besides, uncontrolled hyperglycaemia is related to several complications as diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and hepatic, renal and cardiac complications. In this review, we address discuss the involvement of different inflammatory and pro-oxidant pathways related to DM2, and we described molecular targets modulated by therapeutics currently available to treat DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Elisa Hirsch
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Regional University of Northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Regional University of Northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, Brazil
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23
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Hossain MJ, Kendig MD, Letton ME, Morris MJ, Arnold R. Peripheral Neuropathy Phenotyping in Rat Models of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Evaluating Uptake of the Neurodiab Guidelines and Identifying Future Directions. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:198-221. [PMID: 35385634 PMCID: PMC8987683 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) affects over half of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, with an urgent need for effective pharmacotherapies. While many rat and mouse models of T2DM exist, the phenotyping of DPN has been challenging with inconsistencies across laboratories. To better characterize DPN in rodents, a consensus guideline was published in 2014 to accelerate the translation of preclinical findings. Here we review DPN phenotyping in rat models of T2DM against the 'Neurodiab' criteria to identify uptake of the guidelines and discuss how DPN phenotypes differ between models and according to diabetes duration and sex. A search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases identified 125 studies, categorised as either diet and/or chemically induced models or transgenic/spontaneous models of T2DM. The use of diet and chemically induced T2DM models has exceeded that of transgenic models in recent years, and the introduction of the Neurodiab guidelines has not appreciably increased the number of studies assessing all key DPN endpoints. Combined high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin rat models are the most frequently used and well characterised. Overall, we recommend adherence to Neurodiab guidelines for creating better animal models of DPN to accelerate translation and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jakir Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael D. Kendig
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Meg E. Letton
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margaret J. Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ria Arnold
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Exercise and Rehabilitation, School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Corresponding author: Ria Arnold https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7469-6587 Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Health Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia E-mail:
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24
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Kamel AS, Mohamed AF, Rabie MA, Elsherbiny ME, Ahmed KA, Khattab MM, Abdelkader NF. Experimental Evidence for Diiodohydroxyquinoline-Induced Neurotoxicity: Characterization of Age and Gender as Predisposing Factors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020251. [PMID: 35215363 PMCID: PMC8879898 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Though quinoline anti-infective agents-associated neurotoxicity has been reported in the early 1970s, it only recently received regulatory recognition. In 2019, the European Medicines Agency enforced strict use for quinoline antibiotics. Thus, the current study evaluates the relation between subacute exposure to diiodohydroxyquinoline (DHQ), a commonly misused amebicide, with the development of motor and sensory abnormalities, highlighting age and gender as possible predisposing factors. Eighty rats were randomly assigned to eight groups according to their gender, age, and drug exposure; namely, four control groups received saline (adult male, adult female, young male, and young female), and the other four groups received DHQ. Young and adult rats received DHQ in doses of 176.7 and 247.4 mg/kg/day, respectively. After 4 weeks, rats were tested for sensory abnormality using analgesiometer, hot plate, and hind paw cold allodynia tests, and for motor function using open field and rotarod tests. Herein, the complex behavioral data were analyzed by principal component analysis to reduce the high number of variables to a lower number of representative factors that extracted components related to sensory, motor, and anxiety-like behavior. Behavioral outcomes were reflected in a histopathological examination of the cerebral cortex, striatum, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve, which revealed degenerative changes as well demyelination. Noteworthy, young female rats were more susceptible to DHQ’s toxicity than their counterparts. Taken together, these findings confirm previous safety concerns regarding quinoline-associated neurotoxicity and provide an impetus to review risk/benefit balance for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; (A.S.K.); (A.F.M.); (M.A.R.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Ahmed F. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; (A.S.K.); (A.F.M.); (M.A.R.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Mostafa A. Rabie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; (A.S.K.); (A.F.M.); (M.A.R.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Marwa E. Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City 12566, Egypt;
| | - Kawkab A. Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud M. Khattab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; (A.S.K.); (A.F.M.); (M.A.R.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Noha F. Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; (A.S.K.); (A.F.M.); (M.A.R.); (M.M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Abdelkader NF, Ibrahim SM, Moustafa PE, Elbaset MA. Inosine mitigated diabetic peripheral neuropathy via modulating GLO1/AGEs/RAGE/NF-κB/Nrf2 and TGF-β/PKC/TRPV1 signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112395. [PMID: 34775239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inosine is a dietary supplement that is widely used for managing numerous central neurological disorders. Interestingly, recent experimental investigation of inosine revealed its potential to promote peripheral neuroprotection after sciatic nerve injury. Such investigation has guided the focus of the current study to expose the potential of inosine in mitigating diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in rats and to study the possible underlying signaling pathways. Adult male Wistar rats were arbitrarily distributed into four groups. In the first group, animals received saline daily for 15 days whereas rats of the remaining groups received a single injection of both nicotinamide (50 mg/Kg/i.p.) and streptozotocin (52.5 mg/Kg/i.p.) for DPN induction. Afterward, inosine (10 mg/Kg/p.o.) was administered to two groups, either alone or in combination with caffeine (3.75 mg/Kg/p.o.), an adenosine receptor antagonist. As a result, inosine showed a hypoglycemic effect, restored the sciatic nerve histological structure, enhanced myelination, modulated conduction velocities and maintained behavioral responses. Furthermore, inosine increased GLO1, reduced AGE/RAGE axis and oxidative stress which in turn, downregulated NF-κB p65 and its phosphorylated form in the sciatic nerves. Inosine enhanced Nrf2 expression and its downstream molecule HO-1, resulting in increased CAT and SOD along with lowered MDA. Moreover, pain was relieved due to suppression of PKC and TRPV1 expression, which ultimately lead to reduced SP and TGF-β. The potential effects of inosine were nearly blocked by caffeine administration; this emphasizes the role of adenosine receptors in inosine-mediated neuroprotective effects. In conclusion, inosine alleviated hyperglycemia-induced DPN via modulating GLO1/AGE/RAGE/NF-κB p65/Nrf2 and TGF-β/PKC/TRPV1/SP pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha F Abdelkader
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sherehan M Ibrahim
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Passant E Moustafa
- National Research center, Medical Division, Department of Pharmacology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marawan A Elbaset
- National Research center, Medical Division, Department of Pharmacology, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Cardozo LFMF, Alvarenga LA, Ribeiro M, Dai L, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B, Mafra D. Cruciferous vegetables: rationale for exploring potential salutary effects of sulforaphane-rich foods in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nutr Rev 2020; 79:1204-1224. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a sulfur-containing isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae) and a well-known activator of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), considered a master regulator of cellular antioxidant responses. Patients with chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) present with high levels of oxidative stress and a massive inflammatory burden associated with diminished Nrf2 and elevated nuclear transcription factor-κB-κB expression. Because it is a common constituent of dietary vegetables, the salutogenic properties of sulforaphane, especially it’s antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, have been explored as a nutritional intervention in a range of diseases of ageing, though data on CKD remain scarce. In this brief review, the effects of SFN as a senotherapeutic agent are described and a rationale is provided for studies that aim to explore the potential benefits of SFN-rich foods in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia A Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lu Dai
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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27
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Shinouchi R, Shibata K, Hashimoto T, Jono S, Hasumi K, Nobe K. SMTP-44D improves diabetic neuropathy symptoms in mice through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00648. [PMID: 33215875 PMCID: PMC7677968 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the major complications of diabetes. However, there are few approved effective therapies for painful or insensate DN. Recent studies have implicated oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of DN, and suppressing these could be an important therapeutic strategy. We previously reported that Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol-44D (SMTP-44D) exhibits both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SMTP-44D in a mouse model of streptozotocin-induced DN. SMTP-44D was administered for 3 weeks after the disease induction, and its effects were evaluated on the basis of mechanical and thermal thresholds, blood flow in the bilateral hind paw, and blood flow and conduction velocity in the sciatic nerve. Furthermore, the levels of inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and malondialdehyde (MDA), in the sciatic nerve were assessed. Neurological degeneration was assessed by measuring myelin thickness and g-ratio in the sciatic nerve. SMTP-44D treatment significantly improved allodynia, hyperalgesia, blood flow, and conduction velocity in DN model mice in a dose-dependent manner. Neurological degeneration was also significantly improved, accompanied by decreased levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, 57.8%; IL-1β, 51.4%; IL-6, 62.8%; and MDA, 40.7% reduction rate against the diabetes mellitus + normal saline group). Thus, SMTP-44D can improve allodynia and hyperalgesia in DN without affecting the body weight and blood glucose levels, which may be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion, SMTP-44D could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Shinouchi
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology & TherapeuticsSchool of PharmacyShowa UniversityShinagawa‐kuTokyoJapan
- Pharmacology Research CenterShowa UniversityShinagawa‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Keita Shibata
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology & TherapeuticsSchool of PharmacyShowa UniversityShinagawa‐kuTokyoJapan
- Pharmacology Research CenterShowa UniversityShinagawa‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Terumasa Hashimoto
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology & TherapeuticsSchool of PharmacyShowa UniversityShinagawa‐kuTokyoJapan
- Pharmacology Research CenterShowa UniversityShinagawa‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Shiori Jono
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology & TherapeuticsSchool of PharmacyShowa UniversityShinagawa‐kuTokyoJapan
- Pharmacology Research CenterShowa UniversityShinagawa‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchu‐shiTokyoJapan
- TMS Co., LtdFuchu‐shiTokyoJapan
| | - Koji Nobe
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology & TherapeuticsSchool of PharmacyShowa UniversityShinagawa‐kuTokyoJapan
- Pharmacology Research CenterShowa UniversityShinagawa‐kuTokyoJapan
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28
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Sthijns MMJPE, Jetten MJ, Mohammed SG, Claessen SMH, de Vries RHW, Stell A, de Bont DFA, Engelse MA, Mumcuoglu D, van Blitterswijk CA, Dankers PYW, de Koning EJP, van Apeldoorn AA, LaPointe VLS. Oxidative stress in pancreatic alpha and beta cells as a selection criterion for biocompatible biomaterials. Biomaterials 2020; 267:120449. [PMID: 33129188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The clinical success rate of islet transplantation, namely independence from insulin injections, is limited by factors that lead to graft failure, including inflammation, acute ischemia, acute phase response, and insufficient vascularization. The ischemia and insufficient vascularization both lead to high levels of oxidative stress, which are further aggravated by islet encapsulation, inflammation, and undesirable cell-biomaterial interactions. To identify biomaterials that would not further increase damaging oxidative stress levels and that are also suitable for manufacturing a beta cell encapsulation device, we studied five clinically approved polymers for their effect on oxidative stress and islet (alpha and beta cell) function. We found that 300 poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate) 55/poly(butylene terephthalate) 45 (PEOT/PBT300) was more resistant to breakage and more elastic than other biomaterials, which is important for its immunoprotective function. In addition, it did not induce oxidative stress or reduce viability in the MIN6 beta cell line, and even promoted protective endogenous antioxidant expression over 7 days. Importantly, PEOT/PBT300 is one of the biomaterials we studied that did not interfere with insulin secretion in human islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille M J P E Sthijns
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marlon J Jetten
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sami G Mohammed
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra M H Claessen
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rick H W de Vries
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Adam Stell
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Denise F A de Bont
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marten A Engelse
- Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Didem Mumcuoglu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y W Dankers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco J P de Koning
- Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aart A van Apeldoorn
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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29
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The role of KATP channel blockade and activation in the protection against neurodegeneration in the rotenone model of Parkinson's disease. Life Sci 2020; 257:118070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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30
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Cognitive enhancing effect of diapocynin in D-galactose-ovariectomy-induced Alzheimer's-like disease in rats: Role of ERK, GSK-3β, and JNK signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 398:115028. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Welcome MO, Mastorakis NE. Stress-induced blood brain barrier disruption: Molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104769. [PMID: 32275963 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stress is a nonspecific response to a threat or noxious stimuli with resultant damaging consequences. Stress is believed to be an underlying process that can trigger central nervous system disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Though the pathophysiological basis is not completely understood, data have consistently shown a pivotal role of inflammatory mediators and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation in stress induced disorders. Indeed emerging experimental evidences indicate a concurrent activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and not only the HPA axis, but also, peripheral and central renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Furthermore, recent experimental data indicate that the HPA and RAS are coupled to the signaling of a range of central neuro-transmitter, -mediator and -peptide molecules that are also regulated, at least in part, by inflammatory signaling cascades and vice versa. More recently, experimental evidences suggest a critical role of stress in disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB), a neurovascular unit that regulates the movement of substances and blood-borne immune cells into the brain parenchyma, and prevents peripheral injury to the brain substance. However, the mechanisms underlying stress-induced BBB disruption are not exactly known. In this review, we summarize studies conducted on the effects of stress on the BBB and integrate recent data that suggest possible molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying stress-induced BBB disruption. Key molecular targets and pharmacological candidates for treatment of stress and related illnesses are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menizibeya O Welcome
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
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32
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Ghanemi A, Melouane A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine and bioenergetics: Extracellular matrix, adipocytes remodeling and skeletal muscle metabolism. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 117:105627. [PMID: 31589923 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling plays important roles in both adipocytes shape/expansion remodeling and the skeletal muscle (SM) metabolism. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is expressed in divers tissues including adipose tissue (AT) and SM where it impacts a variety of remodeling as well as metabolic functions. SPARC, also known as osteonectin or BM-40, is a glycoprotein associated with the ECM. Numerous researches attempted to elucidate the implications of SPARC in these two key metabolic tissues under different conditions. Whereas SPARC deficiency tends to shape the remodeling of the adipocytes and the fat distribution, this deficiency decreases SM metabolic properties. On the other hand, SPARC seems to be an enhancer of the metabolism and a mediator of the exercise-induced adaptation in the SM and as well as an adipogenesis inhibitor. Some findings about the SPARC effects on AT and SM seem "contradictory" in terms of tissue development and energy profile therefore highlighting the mechanistic role of SPARC in both is a priority. Yet, within this review, we expose selected researches and compare the results. We conclude with explanations to "reconcile" the different observations, hypothesize the feedback and regulatory character of SPARC and put its roles within the energetic and structural maps of both adipocytes and myocytes in homeostasis and in situations such as obesity or exercise. These properties explain the modifications and the remodeling seen in AT and SM undergoing adaptive changes (obesity, exercise, etc.) and represent a starting point for precise therapeutic targeting of SPARC-related pathways is conditions such as obesity, sarcopenia and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, CREMI, Québec Genome Center, CHUL-CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Aicha Melouane
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, CREMI, Québec Genome Center, CHUL-CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, CREMI, Québec Genome Center, CHUL-CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, CREMI, Québec Genome Center, CHUL-CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Melrose J. The Glucosinolates: A Sulphur Glucoside Family of Mustard Anti-Tumour and Antimicrobial Phytochemicals of Potential Therapeutic Application. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7030062. [PMID: 31430999 PMCID: PMC6784281 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reviewed aspects of the biology of two members of the glucosinolate family, namely sinigrin and glucoraphanin and their anti-tumour and antimicrobial properties. Sinigrin and glucoraphanin are converted by the β-sulphoglucosidase myrosinase or the gut microbiota into their bioactive forms, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and sulphoraphanin (SFN) which constitute part of a sophisticated defence system plants developed over several hundred million years of evolution to protect them from parasitic attack from aphids, ticks, bacteria or nematodes. Delivery of these components from consumption of cruciferous vegetables rich in the glucosinolates also delivers many other members of the glucosinolate family so the dietary AITCs and SFN do not act in isolation. In vitro experiments with purified AITC and SFN have demonstrated their therapeutic utility as antimicrobials against a range of clinically important bacteria and fungi. AITC and SFN are as potent as Vancomycin in the treatment of bacteria listed by the World Health Organisation as antibiotic-resistant “priority pathogens” and also act as anti-cancer agents through the induction of phase II antioxidant enzymes which inactivate potential carcinogens. Glucosinolates may be useful in the treatment of biofilms formed on medical implants and catheters by problematic pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and are potent antimicrobials against a range of clinically important bacteria and fungi. The glucosinolates have also been applied in the prevention of bacterial and fungal spoilage of food products in advanced atmospheric packaging technology which improves the shelf-life of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Honorary Senior Research Associate, Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
- Adjunct Professor, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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Effects of sulforaphane on D-galactose-induced liver aging in rats: Role of keap-1/nrf-2 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 855:40-49. [PMID: 31039346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging; a biological phenomenon characterized by progressive decline in cellular functions, is considered as a major risk factor of various liver diseases that plays as an adverse prognostic role, thus increasing mortality rate. However, diet is the main environmental factor that has a major impact on the aging process whereas; sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate organosulfur compound in cruciferous vegetables, has been reported with myriad biological effects. In the present study, SFN antiaging properties were evaluated on D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced liver aging in rats. For this purpose, forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. All animals, except the normal control, were intraperitoneally injected with D-Gal (300 mg/kg/day for 5 days a week) for six consecutive weeks. In the hepatoprotective groups, animals received oral SFN (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg) for 6 weeks concurrently with D-GAL. SFN administration improved liver biomarkers through decreasing serum levels of AST, ALT, total and direct bilirubin when compared to D-Gal-aging group. SFN significantly increased hepatic GSH level as well as catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities while counteracted the elevation in hepatic oxidative stress markers; MDA, NO and protein carbonyl in aged rats. SFN abrogated the dysregulation in hepatic Keap-1, Nrf-2 and HO-1and limited the elevation of TNF-α and TGF-β concentrations in aging liver. Histopathologically, SFN decreased the intensity of hepatic fibrous proliferation in D-Gal-induced aging. In conclusion, SFN has shown hepatic anti-aging potential through promoting the antioxidant machinery via regulating Keap-1, Nrf-2 and HO-1 and antioxidant enzyme activities as well as ameliorating oxidative stress, hampering the inflammatory cytokines; TNF-ɑ and TGF-β, and limiting hepatic fibrosis in a dose dependent manner.
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Eitah HE, Maklad YA, Abdelkader NF, Gamal El Din AA, Badawi MA, Kenawy SA. Modulating impacts of quercetin/sitagliptin combination on streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 365:30-40. [PMID: 30576699 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since many diabetic patients require combination therapy, the use of herbal remedies with anti-diabetic activity represents a vital option in diabetes mellitus (DM) management. It has been reported that quercetin has hypoglycemic alongside anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. AIM The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of combining quercetin with sitagliptin; a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, in the management of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS DM was induced by a single injection of STZ (45 mg/kg, i.p.) in male adult albino Wistar rats. Diabetic rats were orally treated with sitagliptin (70 mg/kg), quercetin (50 mg/kg) or their combination daily for three consecutive weeks. Serum levels of glucose, C-peptide, total cholesterol, triglycerides, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase, (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factor alpha, (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-B, (NF-κB) and adiponectin were estimated. In addition, histopathological, morphometrical and immunohistochemical examinations of pancreatic tissues were conducted. RESULTS The combined administration of quercetin and sitagliptin normalized serum C-peptide, MDA, and significantly increased SOD, GSH and decreased NF-κB more than sitagliptin alone. Moreover, this combination normalized Islet number, β-cells' number, area and perimeter alongside restoring the immunostaining intensity of β-cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the use of quercetin/sitagliptin combination for treating DM based on the observed improvements in glycemic control, metabolic profile, oxidative and inflammatory status, islet structure as well as β-cells function compared with either treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatollah E Eitah
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmacology Group, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Yousreya A Maklad
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmacology Group, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha F Abdelkader
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Manal A Badawi
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sanaa A Kenawy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Zhang S, Wang L, Li S, Zhang W, Ma X, Cheng G, Yang W, Zan L. Identification of Potential Key Genes Associated with Adipogenesis through Integrated Analysis of Five Mouse Transcriptome Datasets. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113557. [PMID: 30424473 PMCID: PMC6274731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the most important energy metabolism and secretion organ, and these functions are conferred during the adipogenesis process. However, the cause and the molecular events underlying adipogenesis are still unclear. In this study, we performed integrated bioinformatics analyses to identify vital genes involved in adipogenesis and reveal potential molecular mechanisms. Five mouse high-throughput expression profile datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database; these datasets contained 24 samples of 3T3-L1 cells during adipogenesis, including 12 undifferentiated samples and 12 differentiated samples. The five datasets were reanalyzed and integrated to select differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during adipogenesis via the robust rank aggregation (RRA) method. Functional annotation of these DEGs and mining of key genes were then performed. We also verified the expression levels of some potential key genes during adipogenesis. A total of 386 consistent DEGs were identified, with 230 upregulated genes and 156 downregulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the biological functions of the DEGs primarily included fat cell differentiation, lipid metabolic processes, and cell adhesion. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly associated with metabolic pathways, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and the FoxO signaling pathway. The 30 most closely related genes among the DEGs were identified from the protein⁻protein interaction (PPI) network and verified by real-time quantification during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. In conclusion, we obtained a list of consistent DEGs during adipogenesis through integrated analysis, which may offer potential targets for the regulation of adipogenesis and treatment of adipose dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Li Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Wenzhen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xueyao Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Gong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Wucai Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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