1
|
Han H, Kim JE, Lee HJ. Effect of apigetrin in pseudo-SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory and pulmonary fibrosis in vitro model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14545. [PMID: 38914619 PMCID: PMC11196261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65447-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has become a global public health problem. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the leading cause of death due to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a severe and frequently reported COVID-19 sequela. In this study, an in vitro model of ARDS and PF caused by SARS-CoV-2 was established in MH-S, THP-1, and MRC-5 cells using pseudo-SARS-CoV-2 (PSCV). Expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and HIF-1α was increased in PSCV-infected MH-S and THP-1 cells, ARDS model, consistent with other profiling data in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients have been reported. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) siRNA and cobalt chloride were tested using this in vitro model. HIF-1α knockdown reduces inflammation caused by PSCV infection in MH-S and THP-1 cells and lowers elevated levels of CTGF, COLA1, and α-SMA in MRC-5 cells exposed to CPMSCV. Furthermore, apigetrin, a glycoside bioactive dietary flavonoid derived from several plants, including Crataegus pinnatifida, which is reported to be a HIF-1α inhibitor, was tested in this in vitro model. Apigetrin significantly reduced the increased inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) expression and secretion by PSCV in MH-S and THP-1 cells. Apigetrin inhibited the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD to the ACE2 protein. An in vitro model of PF induced by SARS-CoV-2 was produced using a conditioned medium of THP-1 and MH-S cells that were PSCV-infected (CMPSCV) into MRC-5 cells. In a PF model, CMPSCV treatment of THP-1 and MH-S cells increased cell growth, migration, and collagen synthesis in MRC-5 cells. In contrast, apigetrin suppressed the increase in cell growth, migration, and collagen synthesis induced by CMPSCV in THP-1 and MH-S MRC-5 cells. Also, compared to control, fibrosis-related proteins (CTGF, COLA1, α-SMA, and HIF-1α) levels were over two-fold higher in CMPSV-treated MRC-5 cells. Apigetrin decreased protein levels in CMPSCV-treated MRC-5 cells. Thus, our data suggest that hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) might be a novel target for SARS-CoV-2 sequela therapies and apigetrin, representative of HIF-1alpha inhibitor, exerts anti-inflammatory and PF effects in PSCV-treated MH-S, THP-1, and CMPVSC-treated MRC-5 cells. These findings indicate that HIF-1α inhibition and apigetrin would have a potential value in controlling SARS-CoV-2-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengmin Han
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Aga EB, Tse WM, Tse KWG, Ye B. Protective Effect of the Total Alkaloid Extract from Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae in a Mouse Model of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2024; 19:1273-1289. [PMID: 38881716 PMCID: PMC11178083 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s459166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose In recent years, the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been increasing year by year, but therapeutic drugs has no breakthrough. The total alkaloid extract from Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae (BFP-TA) is widely used in treating lung diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of BFP-TA in COPD mice. Methods BFP-TA was prepared by macroporous adsorbent resin, and the material basis of BFP-TA was analyzed by HPLC-ELSD and UHPLC-MS/MS. Then, the COPD mouse model was induced by cigarette smoke (CS) for 12 weeks, administered at weeks 9-12. Subsequently, the body weight, lung-body ratio, pulmonary function, histopathology, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and oxidative stress markers in the serum of mice were determined. The expressions of related protein of EMT and MAPK signaling pathways in the lung tissues of mice were detected by Western blot. Results The alkaloid relative content of BFP-TA is 64.28%, and nine alkaloids in BFP-TA were identified and quantified by UHPLC-MS/MS. Subsequently, the animal experiment showed that BFP-TA could improve pulmonary function, and alleviate inflammatory cell infiltration, pulmonary emphysema, and collagen fiber deposition in the lung of COPD mice. Furthermore, BFP-TA could decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), MMPs (MMP-9 and MMP-12) and MDA, while increase the levels of TIMP-1 and SOD. Moreover, BFP-TA could decrease the protein expressions of collagen I, vimentin, α-SMA, MMP-9, MMP-9/TIMP-1, Bax, p-JNK/JNK, p-P38/P38, and p-ERK/ERK, while increase the level of E-cadherin. Conclusion This study is the first to demonstrate the protective effect of BFP-TA in CS-induced COPD mouse model. Furthermore, BFP-TA may improve airway remodeling by inhibiting the EMT process and potentially exert anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Er-Bu Aga
- Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa, Tibet, 850002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai Ming Tse
- Nin Jiom Medicine Manufactory (H.K.) Limited, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Kathy Wai Gaun Tse
- Nin Jiom Medicine Manufactory (H.K.) Limited, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Bengui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
- Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa, Tibet, 850002, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shen J, Li J, Lei Y, Chen Z, Wu L, Lin C. Frontiers and hotspots evolution in cytokine storm: A bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2022. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30955. [PMID: 38774317 PMCID: PMC11107250 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As a fatal disease, cytokine storm has garnered research attention in recent years. Nonetheless, as the body of related studies expands, a thorough and impartial evaluation of the current status of research on cytokine storms remains absent. Consequently, this study aimed to thoroughly explore the research landscape and evolution of cytokine storm utilizing bibliometric and knowledge graph approaches. Methods Research articles and reviews centered on cytokine storms were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. For bibliometric analysis, tools such as Excel 365, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the Bibliometrix R package were utilized. Results This bibliometric analysis encompassed 6647 articles published between 2004 and 2022. The quantity of pertinent articles and citation frequency exhibited a yearly upward trend, with a sharp increase starting in 2020. Network analysis of collaborations reveals that the United States holds a dominant position in this area, boasting the largest publication count and leading institutions. Frontiers in Immunology ranks as the leading journal for the largest publication count in this area. Stephan A. Grupp, a prominent researcher in this area, has authored the largest publication count and has the second-highest citation frequency. Research trends and keyword evaluations show that the connection between cytokine storm and COVID-19, as well as cytokine storm treatment, are hot topics in research. Furthermore, research on cytokine storm and COVID-19 sits at the forefront in this area. Conclusion This study employed bibliometric analysis to create a visual representation of cytokine storm research, revealing current trends and burgeoning topics in this area for the first time. It will provide valuable insights, helping scholars pinpoint critical research areas and potential collaborators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Shen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Lei
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengrui Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunyan Lin
- Department of Teaching and Research Section of Internal Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Campeanu AT, Rus M, Ispas S, Herlo A, Craciun A, Ionescu C, Banariu GM, Cambrea CS, Nicolae M, Nelson-Twakor A, Dumitru IM. Prevalence and association of oral manifestations with disease severity in patients diagnosed with COVID‑19: A cross‑sectional study. MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2024; 4:30. [PMID: 38660127 PMCID: PMC11040283 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2024.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Systemic disorders may exhibit early signs when conducting an oral examination. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, several studies have been published detailing the direct impact of the virus on the oral cavity. The present study aimed to determine whether indeed there are any significant disparities in oropharyngeal manifestations between individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and a control group, and whether the virus has the ability to invade and reproduce inside oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts, resulting in the development of oral ulcerations and superficial lesions. The present study provides an overview of the symptoms that occur at an early stage of the illness, and the most commonly affected regions of the oral cavity, including the tongue, lips, palate and oropharynx are examined. In the present retrospective study, 52 patients infected with COVID-19 were recruited between April, 2021 and October, 2022. In addition, 52 individuals who tested negative for the virus were recruited as the control group. The study was conducted through a thorough examination and questionnaire provided to all participants. The results revealed that among the cohort of patients from the COVID-19 group examined (n=52), a proportion (mean, 16.15) displayed oral manifestations. Specifically, 75% of the patients in the COVID-19 group described oral cavity pain, and 69% of these patients had changes in teeth color or dental caries. In summary, in relation to the control group, the prevalence of oropharyngeal symptoms was generally lower compared to the COVID-19 group, apart from oral cavity pain (30.8%), tonsillitis (17.3%), bleeding (34.6%), teeth color changes (36.5%), recurrence (15.4%) and abscesses (7.7%). Thus, on the whole, the patients without COVID-19 had fewer oral manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana-Teodora Campeanu
- General Directorate of Social Assistance and Child Protection, 900178 Constanta, Romania
- Department of PhD Research, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Mihaela Rus
- Faculty of Law and Administrative Science, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Sorina Ispas
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Alexandra Herlo
- Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Aurora Craciun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Constantin Ionescu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Gheorghe-Mihail Banariu
- Department of PhD Research, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Claudia-Simona Cambrea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, 900178 Constanta, Romania
| | - Maria Nicolae
- Department of Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Andreea Nelson-Twakor
- Department of Internal Medicine, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Irina-Magdalena Dumitru
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, 900178 Constanta, Romania
- Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang J, Ma B. Alpinetin alleviates LPS-induced lung epithelial cell injury by inhibiting p38 and ERK1/2 signaling via aquaporin-1. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102305. [PMID: 38217934 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Alpinetin has been reported to play a protective role in lung diseases, while its special mechanisms remain indistinct. In this study, acute lung injury (ALI) model was constructed by inducing MLE-12 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell activity together with apoptosis was judged employing cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry along with western blot. Oxidative stress levels were measured by dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining and corresponding kits. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was to examine the levels of inflammatory factors. The protein expressions of aquaporin-1 (AQP1), p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway were estimated utilizing western blot. The data showed that alpinetin increased the viability, reduced the apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation and inactivated p38 and ERK1/2 signaling in LPS-induced MLE-12 cells. Moreover, alpinetin also increased AQP1 expression and AQP1 knockdown reversed the impacts of alpinetin on LPS-induced MLE-12 cells. Additionally, AQP1 agonist AqF026 also exerted anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-treated MLE-12 cells. Evidently, alpinetin may exert its protective role in LPS-induced ALI by inactivation of p38 and ERK1/2 signaling through regulating AQP1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- Cath Lab, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 201599, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arevalo-Romero JA, Chingaté-López SM, Camacho BA, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Ramirez-Segura CA. Next-generation treatments: Immunotherapy and advanced therapies for COVID-19. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26423. [PMID: 38434363 PMCID: PMC10907543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in 2019 following prior outbreaks of coronaviruses like SARS and MERS in recent decades, underscoring their high potential of infectivity in humans. Insights from previous outbreaks of SARS and MERS have played a significant role in developing effective strategies to mitigate the global impact of SARS-CoV-2. As of January 7, 2024, there have been 774,075,242 confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide. To date, 13.59 billion vaccine doses have been administered, and there have been 7,012,986 documented fatalities (https://www.who.int/) Despite significant progress in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic, the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 challenges human defenses, presenting ongoing global challenges. The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 lineages, shaped by mutation and recombination processes, has led to successive waves of infections. This scenario reveals the need for next-generation vaccines as a crucial requirement for ensuring ongoing protection against SARS-CoV-2. This demand calls for formulations that trigger a robust adaptive immune response without leading the acute inflammation linked with the infection. Key mutations detected in the Spike protein, a critical target for neutralizing antibodies and vaccine design -specifically within the Receptor Binding Domain region of Omicron variant lineages (B.1.1.529), currently dominant worldwide, have intensified concerns due to their association with immunity evasion from prior vaccinations and infections. As the world deals with this evolving threat, the narrative extends to the realm of emerging variants, each displaying new mutations with implications that remain largely misunderstood. Notably, the JN.1 Omicron lineage is gaining global prevalence, and early findings suggest it stands among the immune-evading variants, a characteristic attributed to its mutation L455S. Moreover, the detrimental consequences of the novel emergence of SARS-CoV-2 lineages bear a particularly critical impact on immunocompromised individuals and older adults. Immunocompromised individuals face challenges such as suboptimal responses to COVID-19 vaccines, rendering them more susceptible to severe disease. Similarly, older adults have an increased risk of severe disease and the presence of comorbid conditions, find themselves at a heightened vulnerability to develop COVID-19 disease. Thus, recognizing these intricate factors is crucial for effectively tailoring public health strategies to protect these vulnerable populations. In this context, this review aims to describe, analyze, and discuss the current progress of the next-generation treatments encompassing immunotherapeutic approaches and advanced therapies emerging as complements that will offer solutions to counter the disadvantages of the existing options. Preliminary outcomes show that these strategies target the virus and address the immunomodulatory responses associated with COVID-19. Furthermore, the capacity to promote tissue repair has been demonstrated, which can be particularly noteworthy for immunocompromised individuals who stand as vulnerable actors in the global landscape of coronavirus infections. The emerging next-generation treatments possess broader potential, offering protection against a wide range of variants and enhancing the ability to counter the impact of the constant evolution of the virus. Furthermore, advanced therapies are projected as potential treatment alternatives for managing Chronic Post-COVID-19 syndromeand addressing its associated long-term complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Andrea Arevalo-Romero
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ingeniería Celular y Molecular, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia, Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud, IDCBIS, 111611, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Instituto de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 110231, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Sandra M. Chingaté-López
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ingeniería Celular y Molecular, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia, Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud, IDCBIS, 111611, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Bernardo Armando Camacho
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ingeniería Celular y Molecular, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia, Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud, IDCBIS, 111611, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Instituto de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 110231, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Cesar A. Ramirez-Segura
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ingeniería Celular y Molecular, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia, Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud, IDCBIS, 111611, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pisharodi M. Portable and Air Conditioner-Based Bio-Protection Devices to Prevent Airborne Infections in Acute and Long-Term Healthcare Facilities, Public Gathering Places, Public Transportation, and Similar Entities. Cureus 2024; 16:e55950. [PMID: 38469370 PMCID: PMC10926937 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The nature in which the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started and spread all over the world has surprised and shocked experts and the general population alike. This has brought out a worldwide desire and serious efforts to prevent, or at least reduce, the severity of another airborne viral infection and protect individuals gathering for various reasons. Toward this main purpose, a novel method to disinfect the air, using graded, predictable, safe, and reliable dosage of ultraviolet C (UVC), with specially designed devices, is described here. Individuals exclusively breathing this disinfected air can prevent infection, thus destroying the airborne virus or any other pathogens outside the human body to prevent acute and chronic damage to the organs and provide a sense of security to congregate, use public transport, and be protected in acute and long-term healthcare facilities. The study involved designing and testing a unit with one UVC chamber and another unit with six UVC chambers both enclosed in UVC-opaque housings that could be used to destroy airborne pathogens. Wild-type severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was used as a representative pathogen. The virus was fed into these units and in both units, the virus was destroyed to undetectable levels. Such disinfected air can be made available for individuals to breathe at an individual and a community level. The two units that were studied were able to destroy the SARS-CoV-2 virus completely in UVC-opaque housings, making them safe for human use. By employing the air to bring the virus to the UVC, the problem of the virus getting protected behind structures was avoided. The individuals get to breathe totally disinfected air through a mask or a ventilator. To protect individuals who are unable or unwilling to use these units meant for individual use, the same principle can be expanded for use with air conditioners to provide community protection. It is envisaged that this method can prevent airborne infections from turning into pandemics and is a clear example of advocating prevention, rather than treatment. These units are expandable and the UVC dosage to the pathogen can be adjusted and predictable, thereby making it a standard technique to study the dosage needed to inactivate different pathogens.
Collapse
|
8
|
Haki M, AL-Biati HA, Al-Tameemi ZS, Ali IS, Al-hussaniy HA. Review of multiple sclerosis: Epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37297. [PMID: 38394496 PMCID: PMC10883637 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with demyelination, inflammation, neuronal loss, and gliosis (scarring). Our object to review MS pathophysiology causes and treatment. A Narrative Review article was conducted by searching on Google scholar, PubMed, Research Gate about relevant keywords we exclude any unique cases and case reports. The destruction of myelinated axons in the central nervous system reserves this brunt. This destruction is generated by immunogenic T cells that produce cytokines, copying a proinflammatory T helper cells1-mediated response. Autoreactive cluster of differentiation 4 + cells, particularly the T helper cells1 subtype, are activated outside the system after viral infections. T-helper cells (cluster of differentiation 4+) are the leading initiators of MS myelin destruction. The treatment plan for individuals with MS includes managing acute episodes, using disease-modifying agents to decrease MS biological function of MS, and providing symptom relief. Management of spasticity requires physiotherapy, prescription of initial drugs such as baclofen or gabapentin, secondary drug options such as tizanidine or dantrolene, and third-line treatment such as benzodiazepines. To treat urinary incontinence some options include anticholinergic medications such as oxybutynin hydrochloride, tricyclic antidepressants (such as amitriptyline), and intermittent self-catheterization. When it comes to bowel problems, one can try to implement stool softeners and consume a high roughage diet. The review takes about MS causes Pathophysiology and examines current treatment strategies, emphasizing the advancements in disease-modifying therapies and symptomatic treatments. This comprehensive analysis enhances the understanding of MS and underscores the ongoing need for research to develop more effective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Haki
- Department of Pharmacy, Bilad Alrafidain University College, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Haeder A. AL-Biati
- Department of Pharmacy, Bilad Alrafidain University College, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Zahraa Salam Al-Tameemi
- Department of Pharmacy, Bilad Alrafidain University College, Diyala, Iraq
- Dr. Hany Akeel Institute, Iraqi Medical Research Center, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Inas Sami Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Bilad Alrafidain University College, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Hany A. Al-hussaniy
- Department of Pharmacy, Bilad Alrafidain University College, Diyala, Iraq
- Dr. Hany Akeel Institute, Iraqi Medical Research Center, Baghdad, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu MH, Lin XL, Xiao LL. SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein promotes TMAO-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by SCAP-SREBP signaling pathway. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102276. [PMID: 37979395 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) activation and cytokine level were significantly increased in coronavirus disease-19. The NLRP3 inflammasome is an amplifier for cellular inflammation. This study aimed to elucidate the modulatory effect of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (SARS-CoV-2 NP) on trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-induced lipogenesis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the underlying mechanisms in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Our data indicated that SARS-CoV-2 NP activates the dissociation of the SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) from the endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in SREBP activation, increased lipogenic gene expression, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. TMAO was applied to VSMC-induced NLRP3 inflammasome by promoting the SCAP-SREBP complex endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi translocation, which facilitates directly binding of SARS-CoV-2 NP to the NLRP3 protein for NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. SARS-CoV-2 NP amplified the TMAO-induced lipogenic gene expression and NLRP3 inflammasome. Knockdown of SCAP-SREBP2 can effectively reduce lipogenic gene expression and alleviate NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated systemic inflammation in VSMCs stimulated with TMAO and SARS-CoV-2 NP. These results reveal that SARS-CoV-2 NP amplified TMAO-induced lipogenesis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation via priming the SCAP-SREBP signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hua Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Long Lin
- Department of Pathology, Hui Zhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou City, Guangdong 516002, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Le Xiao
- Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li YQ, Wu M, Wang YJ, Zhang YX, Lu J, Zhao YN, Ji BF, Chen ZQ, Tang RN, Liu BC. The analysis of low-dose glucocorticoid maintenance therapy in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome suffering from COVID-19. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 10:1326111. [PMID: 38274101 PMCID: PMC10808412 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1326111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to describe the effects of low-dose (prednisolone acetate 2.5-7.5 mg/day) glucocorticoids (GCs) maintenance therapy in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome (NS) suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A single-center retrospective study of NS patients with COVID-19 infection in Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University from 1 February 2022 to 31 March 2023 was conducted. All enrolled patients underwent renal biopsy for the pathological diagnosis and reached complete remission (CR) or near-CR before COVID-19 infection. According to the maintained therapy regimen, patients were divided into low-dose GCs group and non-GCs group. Results: A total of 125 patients were enrolled in the study. Their median age was 46.0 ± 15.6 years, and the median value of 24-h urine protein was 0.77 g. The majority of these patients received treatment for more than 6 months, with a significant portion achieving CR (29.6%) or near-CR (43.2%). The leading cause of NS was membranous nephropathy (52%). There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics between low-dose GCs and non-GCs group. As compared to those in the non-GCs group, patients receiving low-dose GCs treatment showed less fatigue or muscle weakness, smell disorder, palpitations, decreased appetite, taste disorder, dizziness, sore throat or difficult to swallow and fever (p < 0.05). Moreover, patients in the low-dose GCs group were with higher median quality of life scores (85.0) than in the non-GCs group (p = 0.001). Further serum inflammatory factor analysis indicated that interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the non-GCs group were significantly higher than that in the low-dose GCs group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with NS in low-dose GCs maintenance therapy stage showed milder symptom, higher quality of life and decreased serum IL-6 levels compared to those, who were not on GCs maintenance therapy. These results suggest the beneficial effect of low-dose GCs therapy in NS patients with CR/near-CR suffering from COVID-19 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qi Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing Lishui People’ Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Jia Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Xia Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Nan Zhao
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo-Fan Ji
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ri-Ning Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing Lishui People’ Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Eldahshan OA, Abdelkhalek YM, El Dahshan M, Ahmed EA, Sabatier JM, Batiha GES. The possible role of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 activators in the management of Covid-19. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23605. [PMID: 38069809 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by a novel SARS-CoV-2 leading to pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations due to oxidative stress (OS) development and hyperinflammation. COVID-19 is primarily asymptomatic though it may cause acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), systemic inflammation, and thrombotic events in severe cases. SARS-CoV-2-induced OS triggers the activation of different signaling pathways, which counterbalances this complication. One of these pathways is nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which induces a series of cellular interactions to mitigate SARS-CoV-2-mediated viral toxicity and OS-induced cellular injury. Nrf2 pathway inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the development of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Therefore, Nrf2 activators may play an essential role in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced inflammation by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome in COVID-19. Furthermore, Nrf2 activators can attenuate endothelial dysfunction (ED), renin-angiotensin system (RAS) dysregulation, immune thrombosis, and coagulopathy. Thus this mini-review tries to clarify the possible role of the Nrf2 activators in the management of COVID-19. Nrf2 activators could be an effective therapeutic strategy in the management of Covid-19. Preclinical and clinical studies are recommended in this regard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Iraq
| | - Omayma A Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Magdy El Dahshan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), CNRS UMR 7051, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Gaber E-S Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, AlBeheira, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Al‐kuraishy HM, Al‐Gareeb AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Bahaa MM, Batiha GE. Covid-19 and risk of acute pancreatitis: What beyond. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18082. [PMID: 38102841 PMCID: PMC10805481 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al‐kuraishy
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali I. Al‐Gareeb
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationNew South WalesAustralia
- AFNP MedWienAustria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten‐Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40University of Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Mostafa M. Bahaa
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of PharmacyHorus UniversityNew DamiettaEgypt
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourEgypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hamad RS, Al-Kuraishy HM, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Ahmed EA, Saad HM, Batiha GES. SARS-CoV-2 infection and dysregulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:657-673. [PMID: 37796433 PMCID: PMC10746631 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recent pandemic caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) leading to pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations due to the development of oxidative stress (OS) and hyperinflammation. The underlying cause for OS and hyperinflammation in COVID-19 may be related to the inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of antioxidative responses and cellular homeostasis. The Nrf2 pathway inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the development of cytokine storm and OS in COVID-19. Nrf2 activators can attenuate endothelial dysfunction (ED), renin-angiotensin system (RAS) dysregulation, immune thrombosis, and coagulopathy. Hence, this review aimed to reveal the potential role of the Nrf2 pathway and its activators in the management of COVID-19. As well, we tried to revise the mechanistic role of the Nrf2 pathway in COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabab S Hamad
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, 31982, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
- AFNP Med, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Eman A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh, 51744, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Aryanian Z, Balighi K, Sajad B, Esmaeli N, Daneshpazhooh M, Mazloumi Tootoonchi N, Beigmohammadi F, Mohseni Afshar Z, Hatami P. COVID outcome in pemphigus: Does rituximab make pemphigus patients susceptible to more severe COVID-19? J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:2880-2888. [PMID: 37573477 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has raised some concerns regarding the management of chronic skin diseases, especially in patients on immunosuppressive therapy including patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV). Literature review reveals conflicting results about the effect of monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab on clinical outcome of COVID-19. OBJECTIVES To assess the reciprocal interaction of COVID-19 and pemphigus and the effect of rituximab on prognosis of COVID-19 in patients. METHODS We set up a retrospective study on adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris and a history of COVID-19 with or without symptoms during 2020. RESULTS Thirty-six adults with pemphigus vulgaris and SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. The SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed with positive RT-PCR test results in 31 cases (86.1%) and suspected in the 5 others (13.9%). Gender, total dose of rituximab, number of rituximab cycles, and involvement of head and neck were not associated to duration of COVID-19 symptoms (p values: 0.32, 0.23, 0.84, and 0.51, respectively), severity of disease (hospitalization) (p values: 0.46, 0.39, 0.23, and 0.72, respectively), or the percentage of lung involvement on CT scan (p values: 0.07, 0.36, 0.38, and 0.09, respectively). Regarding the impact of COVID-19 on pemphigus, the majority of patients did not experience any changes in their pemphigus regarding clinical phenotype (100%) or severity (83.3%), but PV was worsened in 6 (16.9%) patients which was controlled with increasing the prednisolone dosage. CONCLUSION Rituximab appears to be safe with no increased risk of severe form of COVID-19 in patients with pemphigus vulgaris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Aryanian
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Dermatology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Kamran Balighi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Baseerat Sajad
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Esmaeli
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Daneshpazhooh
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Mazloumi Tootoonchi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Beigmohammadi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mohseni Afshar
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Hatami
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo BC, Wu KH, Chen CY, Lin WY, Chang YJ, Lee TA, Lin MJ, Wu HP. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14800. [PMID: 37834246 PMCID: PMC10573267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many lives have been tragically lost to severe infections. The COVID-19 impact extends beyond the respiratory system, affecting various organs and functions. In severe cases, it can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure, often fueled by an excessive immune response known as a cytokine storm. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have considerable potential because they can mitigate inflammation, modulate immune responses, and promote tissue regeneration. Accumulating evidence underscores the efficacy and safety of MSCs in treating severe COVID-19 and ARDS. Nonetheless, critical aspects, such as optimal routes of MSC administration, appropriate dosage, treatment intervals, management of extrapulmonary complications, and potential pediatric applications, warrant further exploration. These research avenues hold promise for enriching our understanding and refining the application of MSCs in confronting the multifaceted challenges posed by COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Cyuan Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan;
| | - Kang-Hsi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tungs’ Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 43503, Taiwan;
- Department of Nursing, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 35664, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ya Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 43503, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jun Chang
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostastics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan;
| | - Tai-An Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 50544, Taiwan;
| | - Mao-Jen Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ping Wu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alruwaili NS, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK, Ragab AE, Alenazi AA, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Batiha GES. Antidepressants and type 2 diabetes: highways to knowns and unknowns. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:179. [PMID: 37653558 PMCID: PMC10470155 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease caused by the development of insulin resistance (IR), relative insulin deficiency, and hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia-induced neurochemical dysregulation activates the progression of depression in T2D patients. Therefore, management of depression by antidepressant agents improves glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. However, prolong use of antidepressant drugs may increase the risk for the development of T2D. However, there is strong controversy concerning the use of antidepressant drugs in T2D. Therefore, this review try to elucidate the potential effects of antidepressant drugs in T2D regarding their detrimental and beneficial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahi Sabih Alruwaili
- Eradah Complex of Mental Health -Northern Border Region, Ministry of Health, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Amany E Ragab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | | | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
- AFNP Med, Wien, 1030, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, 42283, Germany.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, 22511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ghanbari Naeini L, Abbasi L, Karimi F, Kokabian P, Abdi Abyaneh F, Naderi D. The Important Role of Interleukin-2 in COVID-19. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:7097329. [PMID: 37649897 PMCID: PMC10465260 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7097329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is controversial literature about the effects of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) cytokine family in COVID-19 pathogenesis and immunity. So we aimed to identify the potential in the role of the IL-2 family in COVID-19. A narrative review search was done through online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search deadline was up to December 2022. We applied no time limits for the searching strategy. After retrieving articles from the databases, the authors summarized the data into two data extraction tables. The first data extraction table described the changes in the IL-2 cytokine family in COVID-19 and the second table described the therapeutic interventions targeting IL-2 family cytokines. The results of the literature on the role of the IL-2 cytokine family do not show a singular rule. IL-2 cytokine family can change during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Some studies suggest that IL-2 cytokine family rise during the infection and cause severe inflammatory response and cytokine storm. These cytokines are shown to be increased in immunocompromised patients and worsen their prognosis. In individuals without underlying disease, the upregulation of the IL-2 family shows the clinical outcome of the disease and rises with disease severity. However, some other studies show that these cytokines do not significantly change. IL-2 cytokine family is mostly upregulated in healthy individuals who had vaccination, but immunocompromised patients did not show significant changes after a single dose of vaccines, which shows that these patients need booster doses for efficient immunity. IL-2 cytokine family can also be used as immunotherapy agents in COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laleh Abbasi
- Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Pajman Kokabian
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Delaram Naderi
- Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ceja-Gálvez HR, Renteria-Flores FI, Nicoletti F, Hernández-Bello J, Macedo-Ojeda G, Muñoz-Valle JF. Severe COVID-19: Drugs and Clinical Trials. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082893. [PMID: 37109231 PMCID: PMC10142549 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
By January of 2023, the COVID-19 pandemic had led to a reported total of 6,700,883 deaths and 662,631,114 cases worldwide. To date, there have been no effective therapies or standardized treatment schemes for this disease; therefore, the search for effective prophylactic and therapeutic strategies is a primary goal that must be addressed. This review aims to provide an analysis of the most efficient and promising therapies and drugs for the prevention and treatment of severe COVID-19, comparing their degree of success, scope, and limitations, with the aim of providing support to health professionals in choosing the best pharmacological approach. An investigation of the most promising and effective treatments against COVID-19 that are currently available was carried out by employing search terms including "Convalescent plasma therapy in COVID-19" or "Viral polymerase inhibitors" and "COVID-19" in the Clinicaltrials.gov and PubMed databases. From the current perspective and with the information available from the various clinical trials assessing the efficacy of different therapeutic options, we conclude that it is necessary to standardize certain variables-such as the viral clearance time, biomarkers associated with severity, hospital stay, requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation, and mortality rate-in order to facilitate verification of the efficacy of such treatments and to better assess the repeatability of the most effective and promising results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazael Ramiro Ceja-Gálvez
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Francisco Israel Renteria-Flores
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Jorge Hernández-Bello
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Macedo-Ojeda
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alarfaj SJ, Al-Akeel RK, Faidah H, El-Bouseary MM, Sabatier JM, De Waard M, El-Masry TA, Batiha GES. Long COVID and risk of erectile dysfunction in recovered patients from mild to moderate COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5977. [PMID: 37045862 PMCID: PMC10092929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were shown to have reduced serum testosterone levels compared to healthy individuals. Low testosterone levels are linked with the development of erectile dysfunction (ED). In this case-controlled study, 20 healthy controls and 39 patients with ED 3 months after recovering from mild-to-moderate COVID-19 pneumonia were studied. The patients ranged in age from 31 to 47 years. To identify early and late COVID-19 infections, real-time polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) and COVID-19 antibody testing were done. The levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), free androgenic index (FAI), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured. The sexual health inventory for patients (SHIM) score was used to measure the erectile function of the patients and controls. When compared to the controls, the TT serum level in long COVID-19 (LC) patients with ED was low (p = 0.01). In contrast to controls, FT and FAI were both lower in LC patients with ED. (p = 0.001). FSH serum levels did not significantly differ (p = 0.07), but in ED patients, LH serum levels were elevated. SHIM scores were associated with low TT (p = 0.30), FT (p = 0.09), and high LH (p = 0.76) in LC patients with ED. Male patients with decreased serum levels of LH and testosterone may have hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis dysfunction, which could lead to the development of LC-induced ED. Therefore, an in-depth research is necessary to confirm the causal link between COVID-19 and ED in LC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sumaiah J Alarfaj
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rasha Khalifah Al-Akeel
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Entomology and Parasitology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Faidah
- Microbiolgy Department Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maisra M El-Bouseary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- CNRS UMR 7051, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Michel De Waard
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 Rue Des Platanes, 38120, Saint-Egrève, France
- L'institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, 44007, Nantes, France
- LabEx «Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics», Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Thanaa A El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alkazmi L, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Saad HM, Batiha GES. The potential role of scavenger receptor B type I (SR-BI) in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e786. [PMID: 37102664 PMCID: PMC10103078 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptor type B I (SR-BI), the major receptor for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) mediates the delivery of cholesterol ester and cholesterol from HDL to the cell membrane. SR-BI is implicated as a receptor for entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SR-BI is colocalized with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) increasing the binding and affinity of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 with subsequent viral internalization. SR-BI regulates lymphocyte proliferation and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from activated macrophages and lymphocytes. SR-BI is reduced during COVID-19 due to consumption by SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19-associated inflammatory changes and high angiotensin II (AngII) might be possible causes of repression of SR-BI in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, the downregulation of SR-BI in COVID-19 could be due to direct invasion by SARS-CoV-2 or through upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory signaling pathways, and high circulating AngII. Reduction of SR-BI in COVID-19 look like ACE2 may provoke COVID-19 severity through exaggeration of the immune response. Further studies are invoked to clarify the potential role of SR-BI in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 that could be protective rather than detrimental.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luay Alkazmi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, New South Wales, Australia
- AFNP Med, Wien, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alomair BM, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Al-Buhadily AK, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Alshammari MA, Saad HM, Batiha GES. Mixed storm in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A narrative review and new term in the Covid-19 era. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e838. [PMID: 37102645 PMCID: PMC10132185 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leading to the global pandemic worldwide. Systemic complications in Covid-19 are mainly related to the direct SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effects, associated hyperinflammation, hypercytokinemia, and the development of cytokine storm (CS). As well, Covid-19 complications are developed due to the propagation of oxidative and thrombotic events which may progress to a severe state called oxidative storm and thrombotic storm (TS), respectively. In addition, inflammatory and lipid storms are also developed in Covid-19 due to the activation of inflammatory cells and the release of bioactive lipids correspondingly. Therefore, the present narrative review aimed to elucidate the interrelated relationship between different storm types in Covid-19 and the development of the mixed storm (MS). In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection induces various storm types including CS, inflammatory storm, lipid storm, TS and oxidative storm. These storms are not developing alone since there is a close relationship between them. Therefore, the MS seems to be more appropriate to be related to severe Covid-19 than CS, since it develops in Covid-19 due to the intricate interface between reactive oxygen species, proinflammatory cytokines, complement activation, coagulation disorders, and activated inflammatory signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basil Mohammed Alomair
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Jouf University, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali K Al-Buhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medicine, and Therapeutic, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, New South Wales, Australia
- AFNP Med, Wien, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Majed Ayed Alshammari
- Department of Medicine, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa, Matruh, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Alsaidan AA, Al‐Kuraishy HM, Al‐Gareeb AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Alsayed KA, Saad HM, Batiha GE. The potential role of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in acute coronary syndrome and type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI): Intertwining spread. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e798. [PMID: 36988260 PMCID: PMC10022425 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a novel pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). It has been shown that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection‐induced inflammatory and oxidative stress and associated endothelial dysfunction may lead to the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Therefore, this review aimed to ascertain the link between severe SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and ACS. ACS is a spectrum of acute myocardial ischemia due to a sudden decrease in coronary blood flow, ranging from unstable angina to myocardial infarction (MI). Primary or type 1 MI (T1MI) is mainly caused by coronary plaque rupture and/or erosion with subsequent occlusive thrombosis. Secondary or type 2 MI (T2MI) is due to cardiac and systemic disorders without acute coronary atherothrombotic disruption. Acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is linked with the development of nonobstructive coronary disorders such as coronary vasospasm, dilated cardiomyopathy, myocardial fibrosis, and myocarditis. Furthermore, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is associated with systemic inflammation that might affect coronary atherosclerotic plaque stability through augmentation of cardiac preload and afterload. Nevertheless, major coronary vessels with atherosclerotic plaques develop minor inflammation during COVID‐19 since coronary arteries are not initially and primarily targeted by SARS‐CoV‐2 due to low expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in coronary vessels. In conclusion, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection through hypercytokinemia, direct cardiomyocyte injury, and dysregulation of the renin‐angiotensin system may aggravate underlying ACS or cause new‐onset T2MI. As well, arrhythmias induced by anti‐COVID‐19 medications could worsen underlying ACS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aseel Awad Alsaidan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of MedicineJouf UniversitySakakaSaudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M. Al‐Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineALmustansiriyia UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali I. Al‐Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineALmustansiriyia UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia,Department of Research and DevelopmentAFNP MedWienAustria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten‐Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40University of Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Khalid Adel Alsayed
- Department of Family and Community MedicineSecurity Forces Hospital ProgramRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMatrouh UniversityMatrouhEgypt
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityAlBeheiraEgypt
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Świątkowska-Stodulska R, Berlińska A, Puchalska-Reglińska E. Thyroglobulin levels in COVID-19-positive patients: Correlations with thyroid function tests, inflammatory markers, and glucocorticoid use. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1031188. [PMID: 36969717 PMCID: PMC10034180 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1031188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 often results in generalized inflammation and affects various organs and systems. Endocrine research focused on the possible sequelae of COVID-19, with special interest given to the thyroid gland. Clinical problems such as thyroid function in non-thyroidal illness (NTI), autoimmune thyroiditis, and COVID-19-related subacute thyroiditis (SAT) quickly gained wide coverage. Thyrotoxicosis of various origins leads to the release of peripheral thyroid hormones and thyroglobulin (TG), the main glycoprotein contained within the thyroid follicular lumen. In our study, we evaluated TG levels in COVID-19-positive patients and investigated the possible relationships between TG, thyroid function tests (TFTs), and inflammatory markers. Our approach included separate subanalyses of patients who received and those who did not receive glucocorticoids (GCs). In the entire population studied, the concentration of TG tended to decrease with time (p<0.001; p1,2 = 0.025, p1,3 = 0.001, p2,3 = 0.003), and this pattern was especially clear among patients treated with GCs (p<0.001; p1,2=<0.001; p1,3=<0.001; p 2,3=<0.001). The concentration of TG differed significantly between patients treated and those not treated with GC at the second and third time points of observation (p=0.033 and p=0.001, consecutively). TG concentration did not differ between the patients with normal and abnormal TFTs. The correlations between TG, TFTs, and inflammatory markers were very limited. 19 patients had elevated TG levels, but a TFT pattern suggestive of thyrotoxicosis was not common in this group. There were no statistically significant differences between patients who met and those who did not meet the predefined combined primary endpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Świątkowska-Stodulska
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Berlińska
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alsayegh AA, Hakami ZH, Khamjan NA, Saad HM, Batiha GES, De Waard M. A Potential Link Between Visceral Obesity and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:745-766. [PMID: 36409447 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and tau-neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Visceral obesity (VO) is usually associated with low-grade inflammation due to higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by adipose tissue. The objective of the present review was to evaluate the potential link between VO and the development of AD. Tissue hypoxia in obesity promotes tissue injury, production of adipocytokines, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to an oxidative-inflammatory loop with induction of insulin resistance. Importantly, brain insulin signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of AD and lower cognitive function. Obesity and enlargement of visceral adipose tissue are associated with the deposition of Aβ. All of this is consonant with VO increasing the risk of AD through the dysregulation of adipocytokines which affect the development of AD. The activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in VO might be a potential link in the development of AD. Likewise, the higher concentration of advanced glycation end-products in VO could be implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Taken together, different inflammatory signaling pathways are activated in VO that all have a negative impact on the cognitive function and progression of AD except hypoxia-inducible factor 1 which has beneficial and neuroprotective effects in mitigating the progression of AD. In addition, VO-mediated hypoadiponectinemia and leptin resistance may promote the progression of Aβ formation and tau phosphorylation with the development of AD. In conclusion, VO-induced AD is mainly mediated through the induction of oxidative stress, inflammatory changes, leptin resistance, and hypoadiponectinemia that collectively trigger Aβ formation and neuroinflammation. Thus, early recognition of VO by visceral adiposity index with appropriate management could be a preventive measure against the development of AD in patients with VO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Abdulrahman A Alsayegh
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Applied Medical Sciences College, Jazan University, Jazan, 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaki H Hakami
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department Applied Medical Sciences College, Jazan University, Jazan, 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizar A Khamjan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh, 51744, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
| | - Michel De Waard
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, 38120, Saint-Egrève, France.,L'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, 44007, Nantes, France.,LabEx «Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics», Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06560, Valbonne, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jiang Y, Rubin L, Zhou Z, Zhang H, Su Q, Hou ST, Lazarovici P, Zheng W. Pharmacological therapies and drug development targeting SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 68:13-24. [PMID: 36266222 PMCID: PMC9558743 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of therapies for SARS-CoV-2 infection, based on virus biology and pathology, and of large- and small-scale randomized controlled trials, have brought forward several antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs targeting the disease severity. Casirivimab/Imdevimab monoclonal antibodies and convalescent plasma to prevent virus entry, Remdesivir, Molnupiravir, and Paxlovid nucleotide analogs to prevent viral replication, a variety of repurposed JAK-STAT signaling pathway inhibitors, corticosteroids, and recombinant agonists/antagonists of cytokine and interferons have been found to provide clinical benefits in terms of mortality and hospitalization. However, current treatment options face multiple clinical needs, and therefore, in this review, we provide an update on the challenges of the existing therapeutics and highlight drug development strategies for COVID-19 therapy, based on ongoing clinical trials, meta-analyses, and clinical case reports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Jiang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China,Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Limor Rubin
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine and Physiology, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qiaozhu Su
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - Sheng-Tao Hou
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China,Correspondence to: Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China,Correspondence to: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 3057, Building E12, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jung S. Clinical considerations and practical issues of allergic diseases in COVID-19 era. Clin Exp Pediatr 2022; 65:587-588. [PMID: 36457199 PMCID: PMC9742766 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2022.01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sungsu Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mihai N, Lazar M, Tiliscan C, Barbu EC, Chitu CE, Stratan L, Ganea OA, Arama SS, Ion DA, Arama V. Predictors of Liver Injury in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58121714. [PMID: 36556915 PMCID: PMC9786677 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 infection is frequently associated with pneumonia but has a broad tissue tropism also leading to systemic complications (hematologic, gastro-intestinal, cardiac, neurologic, etc.). In this study, we aim to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 infection on the liver and to identify the risk factors/predictors for liver injury at admission to the hospital. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study on 249 patients, divided into two Group A (157 patients with liver involvement) and Group B (92 patients without liver involvement). We recorded demographic and lifestyle parameters, anthropometric parameters, comorbidities, clinical parameters, inflammation markers, complete blood count, coagulation, and biochemical parameters. Lung parenchyma, liver dimensions, and morphology were evaluated by computer tomography (CT) scans. Results: Patients with liver involvement had higher heart and respiratory rates, lower oxygen saturation (SO2), and necessitated higher oxygen flow at admittance. We found higher serum levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, ferritin, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum triglycerides, and lower values for serum albumin in Group A patients. The patients with liver involvement presented more extensive lung injury with higher percentages of alveolar, mixed, and interstitial lesions, an increase in liver dimensions, and lower density ranges for the liver parenchyma. The patients presented hepatocytolytic involvement in 26 cases (10.4% from the entire study population), cholestatic involvement in 63 cases (37.7% from the entire study population), and mixed liver involvement in 68 cases (37.7% from the entire study population). Conclusions: Liver involvement in COVID-19 patients is frequent, usually mild, and occurs mostly in male patients over 50 years old. Cholestatic and mixed liver injuries are more frequent than hepatocytolytic injuries. The severity of lung injury evaluated by CT scan, increased values of inflammatory markers, LDH, and low values of SO2 can be considered risk factors/predictors for liver injury at admission to the hospital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Mihai
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, 1 Dr. Grozovici Street, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Lazar
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, 1 Dr. Grozovici Street, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Catalin Tiliscan
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, 1 Dr. Grozovici Street, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Ecaterina Constanta Barbu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Emilia Chitu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laurentiu Stratan
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Alexandra Ganea
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, 1 Dr. Grozovici Street, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Stefan Arama
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Adriana Ion
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victoria Arama
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, 1 Dr. Grozovici Street, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shafiq S, Zahan R, Yesmin S, Khan A, Mahmud MS, Reza MA, Albogami SM, Alorabi M, De Waard M, Saad HM, Sabatier JM, Naz T, Batiha GES. Phytochemical Analysis and Understanding the Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties of Methanol Extract from Litsea glutinosa: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:6964. [PMID: 36296555 PMCID: PMC9609251 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Litsea glutinosa (L. glutinosa) is considered an evidence-based medicinal plant for the treatment of cancer, the leading cause of death worldwide. In our study, the in vitro antioxidant and in vivo anticancer properties of an essential ethno-medicinal plant, L. glutinosa, were examined using non-toxic doses and a phytochemical analysis was executed using gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry. The in vitro antioxidant study of the L. glutinosa methanolic extract (LGBME) revealed a concentration-dependent antioxidant property. The bark extract showed promising antioxidant effects in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The strongest antioxidant activity was demonstrated at the maximum concentration (50 µg/mL). The IC50 values of the LGBME and BHT were 5.51 and 5.01 µg/mL, respectively. At the same concentration, the total antioxidant capacity of the LGBME was 0.161 µg/mL and the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay result of the LGBME was 1.783 µg/mL. In the cytotoxicity study, the LD50 of the LGBME and gallic acid were 24.93 µg/mL and 7.23 µg/mL, respectively. In the in vivo anticancer-activity studies, the LGBME, particularly at a dose of 150 mg/kg/bw, showed significant cell-growth inhibition, decreased tumor weight, increased mean survival rate, and upregulated the reduced hematological parameters in EAC (Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma)-induced Swiss albino mice. The highest cell-growth inhibition, 85.76%, was observed with the dose of 150 mg/kg/bw. Furthermore, the upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes (p53, Bax) and the downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 were observed. In conclusion, LGBME extract has several bioactive phytoconstituents, which confirms the antioxidant and anticancer properties of L. glutinosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shafia Shafiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ronok Zahan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Samina Yesmin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
- Biomedical and Toxicological Research Institute (BTRI), BCSIR, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Alam Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sabbir Mahmud
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Reza
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Sarah M. Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alorabi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michel De Waard
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, 38120 Saint-Egrève, France
- L’institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
- LabEx «Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics», Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Mersa Matruh 51744, Egypt
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), CNRS UMR 7051, Faculté des Scienes Médicales et Paramédicales, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Tarannum Naz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Varendra University, Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Statins Use in Alzheimer Disease: Bane or Boon from Frantic Search and Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101290. [PMID: 36291224 PMCID: PMC9599431 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was used to describe pre-senile dementia to differentiate it from senile dementia, which develops in the adult age group of more than 65 years. AD is characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque and tau-neurofibrillary tangles (TNTs) in the brain. The neuropathological changes in AD are related to the deposition of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and progression of neuroinflammation, neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy dysfunction, and cholinergic synaptic dysfunction. Statins are one of the main cornerstone drugs for the management of cardiovascular disorders regardless of dyslipidemia status. Increasing the use of statins, mainly in the elderly groups for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, may affect their cognitive functions. Extensive and prolonged use of statins may affect cognitive functions in healthy subjects and dementia patients. Statins-induced cognitive impairments in both patients and health providers had been reported according to the post-marketing survey. This survey depends mainly on sporadic cases, and no cognitive measures were used. Evidence from prospective and observational studies gives no robust conclusion regarding the beneficial or detrimental effects of statins on cognitive functions in AD patients. Therefore, this study is a narrative review aimed with evidences to the beneficial, detrimental, and neutral effects of statins on AD.
Collapse
|
30
|
Montelukast and Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Endowed Drug. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091147. [PMID: 36145367 PMCID: PMC9500901 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a set of signs and symptoms caused by a reduction of coronary blood flow with subsequent myocardial ischemia. ACS is associated with activation of the leukotriene (LT) pathway with subsequent releases of various LTs, including LTB4, LTC4, and LTD4, which cause inflammatory changes and induction of immunothrombosis. LTs through cysteine leukotriene (CysLT) induce activation of platelets and clotting factors with succeeding coronary thrombosis. CysLT receptor (CysLTR) antagonists such as montelukast (MK) may reduce the risk of the development of ACS and associated complications through suppression of the activation of platelet and clotting factors. Thus, this critical review aimed to elucidate the possible protective role of MK in the management of ACS. The LT pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. Inhibition of the LT pathway and CysL1TR by MK might be effective in preventing cardiovascular complications. MK could be an effective novel therapy in the management of ACS through inhibition of pro-inflammatory CysLT1R and modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways. MK can attenuate thrombotic events by inhibiting platelet activation and clotting factors that are activated during the development of ACS. In conclusion, MK could be an effective agent in reducing the severity of ACS and associated complications. Experimental, preclinical, and clinical studies are recommended to confirm the potential therapeutic of MK in the management of ACS.
Collapse
|
31
|
Louisa M, Cahyadi D, Nilasari D, Soetikno V. Lack of Correlation Between Soluble Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Inflammatory Markers in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Hypertension. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:4799-4807. [PMID: 36045873 PMCID: PMC9420737 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s369771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the correlation of plasma soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, sACE2, and several inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization with hypertension. Additionally, we analyzed the effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system, RAAS, inhibitors on the levels of sACE2 and inflammatory marker levels in patients with COVID-19. Patients and Methods This cross-sectional study involved patients with COVID-19 who required hospitalization on a stable dose of antihypertensive drugs. The study included three hospitals in Jakarta and Tangerang, Indonesia, between December 2020 and June 2021. We classified eligible subjects into two groups: patients with COVID-19 treated with antihypertensive RAAS inhibitors or non-RAAS inhibitors. Results We found no correlation between sACE2 and all the inflammatory and coagulation markers studied (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-10, IL6/IL10, tumor necrosis factor-α, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and D-dimer) in COVID-19 patients with hypertension. Further analysis showed lower sACE2 concentrations and IL-6/IL-10 ratio in patients treated with RAAS inhibitors vs those treated with non-RAAS inhibitors. Conclusion We found no correlation between ACE2 and inflammatory markers. Using RAAS inhibitors resulted in a lower sACE2 and IL-6/IL-10 ratio. The type of antihypertensive treatments has a neutral effect on disease severity and outcome in COVID-19 patients with hypertension. However, to firmly-established these effects, our findings should be confirmed in a much larger population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melva Louisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Daniel Cahyadi
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dina Nilasari
- Department of Clinical Research, Siloam Hospitals, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Vivian Soetikno
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Lazar M, Barbu EC, Chitu CE, Tiliscan C, Stratan L, Arama SS, Arama V, Ion DA. Interstitial Lung Fibrosis Following COVID-19 Pneumonia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12082028. [PMID: 36010377 PMCID: PMC9407299 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12082028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Pulmonary fibrosis represents a stage of normal physiologic response to inflammatory aggression, mostly self-limiting and reversible; however, numerous patients treated for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia present after release from hospital residual lung fibrosis. In this article, we aim to present an optimization method for evaluating pulmonary fibrosis by quantitative analysis, to identify the risk factors/predictors for pulmonary fibrosis in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to characterize the impact of pulmonary fibrosis on the symptomatology of patients after release from the hospital. Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective observational study on 100 patients with severe forms of pneumonia, with a control group of 61 non-COVID normal patients. Results: We found persistent interstitial changes consistent with fibrotic changes in 69% of patients. The risk of fibrosis was proportional to the values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and to the duration of hospitalization. The imaging parameters correlated with increased risk for interstitial fibrosis were the number of affected pulmonary lobes and the percent of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusions: The main risk factors for pulmonary fibrosis post-COVID-19 identified in our study are increased ESR, CRP, LDH, duration of hospitalization and the severity of pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Lazar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, No. 37, Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Prof. Dr. Matei Bals, No. 1, Calistrat Grozovici Street, Sector 2, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Ecaterina Constanta Barbu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, No. 37, Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Emilia Chitu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, No. 37, Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalin Tiliscan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, No. 37, Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Prof. Dr. Matei Bals, No. 1, Calistrat Grozovici Street, Sector 2, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laurentiu Stratan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, No. 37, Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Stefan Arama
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, No. 37, Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victoria Arama
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, No. 37, Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Prof. Dr. Matei Bals, No. 1, Calistrat Grozovici Street, Sector 2, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Adriana Ion
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, No. 37, Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
The Synergistic Inhibition of Coronavirus Replication and Induced Cytokine Production by Ciclesonide and the Tylophorine-Based Compound Dbq33b. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071511. [PMID: 35890406 PMCID: PMC9325102 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciclesonide is an inhaled corticosteroid used to treat asthma and has been repurposed as a treatment for mildly ill COVID-19 patients, but its precise mechanism of action is unclear. Herein, we report that ciclesonide blocks the coronavirus-induced production of the cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 by increasing IκBα protein levels and significantly decreasing p65 nuclear translocation. Furthermore, we found that the combination of ciclesonide and dbq33b, a potent tylophorine-based coronavirus inhibitor that affects coronavirus-induced NF-κB activation a little, additively and synergistically decreased coronavirus-induced IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 cytokine levels, and synergistically inhibited the replication of both HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2. Collectively, the combination of ciclesonide and dbq33b merits consideration as a treatment for COVID-19 patients who may otherwise be overwhelmed by high viral loads and an NF-κB-mediated cytokine storm.
Collapse
|
35
|
Agirbasli M. The effects of antihypertensive medications on severity and outcomes of COVID19. J Hum Hypertens 2022; 36:875-879. [PMID: 35810205 PMCID: PMC9281571 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00722-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Agirbasli
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lu C, Qi H, Xu H, Hao Y, Yang Z, Yu W, Xu P. Global research trends of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head: A 30-year bibliometric analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1027603. [PMID: 36325458 PMCID: PMC9618610 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1027603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the global research trends and hotspots of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) through qualitative and quantitative analysis of bibliometrics. METHODS All publications on SONFH published from 1992 to 2021 were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace was used for the visualization analysis of major countries, active institutions, productive authors, and the burst of keywords. VOSviewer was used for coupling analysis of countries/regions, institutions, and authors. Microsoft Excel 2017 was used for statistical analysis, drawing bar charts, pie charts, and cumulative area charts. The software of MapInfo was used to draw the distribution map of the publications. RESULTS A total of 780 publications were included for analyses. The most productive year was 2020 with 98 records. China was the most influential country with 494 publications, an H-index of 59, and total citations of 16820. The most prolific institution was Shanghai Jiaotong University in China with 53 publications and 998 citations. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (IF = 4.755, 2021) was the most active journal with 26 articles. The hot keywords were "osteonecrosis", "avascular necrosis", "osteogenic differentiation", "proliferation", "PPAR gamma", "apoptosis", "oxidative stress", "genetic polymorphism" and "mesenchymal stem cells". The keywords like "proliferation", "PPAR gamma" and "genome-wide" have emerged in recent years. CONCLUSION The number of publications in SONFH has increased significantly in the last three decades. The pathologic mechanism of SONFH gathered most research interests. Genomics and cell molecular biology of SONFH are the research frontiers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haodong Qi
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Graduate School, Shaanxi University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Hanbo Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Graduate School, Shaanxi University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Yangquan Hao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenxing Yu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Xu, ; Wenxing Yu,
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Xu, ; Wenxing Yu,
| |
Collapse
|