1
|
Yadav M, Osonga FJ, Sadik OA. Unveiling nano-empowered catalytic mechanisms for PFAS sensing, removal and destruction in water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169279. [PMID: 38123092 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are organofluorine compounds used to manufacture various industrial and consumer goods. Due to their excellent physical and thermal stability ascribed to the strong CF bond, these are ubiquitously present globally and difficult to remediate. Extensive toxicological and epidemiological studies have confirmed these substances to cause adverse health effects. With the increasing literature on the environmental impact of PFAS, the regulations and research have also expanded. Researchers worldwide are working on the detection and remediation of PFAS. Many methods have been developed for their sensing, removal, and destruction. Amongst these methods, nanotechnology has emerged as a sustainable and affordable solution due to its tunable surface properties, high sorption capacities, and excellent reactivities. This review comprehensively discusses the recently developed nanoengineered materials used for detecting, sequestering, and destroying PFAS from aqueous matrices. Innovative designs of nanocomposites and their efficiency for the sensing, removal, and degradation of these persistent pollutants are reviewed, and key insights are analyzed. The mechanistic details and evidence available to support the cleavage of the CF bond during the treatment of PFAS in water are critically examined. Moreover, it highlights the challenges during PFAS quantification and analysis, including the analysis of intermediates in transitioning nanotechnologies from the laboratory to the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manavi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, New Jersey Institutes of Technology (NJIT), United States of America
| | - Francis J Osonga
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, New Jersey Institutes of Technology (NJIT), United States of America
| | - Omowunmi A Sadik
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, New Jersey Institutes of Technology (NJIT), United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li X, Fan S, Jin C, Gao M, Zhao Y, Guo L, Ji J, She Z. Electrochemical degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride in sulfate solutions on boron-doped diamond electrode: The accumulation and transformation of persulfate. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135448. [PMID: 35764112 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel electrifying mode (divided power-on and power-off stage) was applied in the system of BDD activate sulfate to degrade tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). The BDD electrode could activate sulfate and H2O to generate sulfate radicals (SO4•-) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) to remove TCH, and SO4•- could dimerize to form S2O82-. Then, the S2O82- was activated by heat and quinones to generate SO4•- for the continuous degradation of TCH during the power-off stage. In addition, the intermittent time has a significant effect on the degradation of TCH. Factors, affecting the accumulation of S2O82-, were analyzed using a full factorial design, and the accumulation of S2O82- could reach 16.2 mM in 120 min. The results of electron spin resonance and radical quenching test showed that SO4•-, •OH, direct electron transfer (DET), and non-radical in the system could effectively degrade TCH, and SO4•- was dominated. The intermediate products of TCH were analyzed by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and the TCH mainly underwent hydroxylation, demethylation and ring opening reactions to form small molecules, and finally mineralized. The results of the feasibility analysis revealed that some intermediates have high toxicity, but the system could improve the toxicity. The results of energy consumption indicated that the intermittent electrifying mode could make full use of the persulfate generated during the power-on stage and reduce about 30% energy consumption. In conclusion, this work demonstrated that it was economically feasible to degrade TCH in wastewater by activating sulfate with BDD electrodes with an intermittent electrifying mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Shasha Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Mengchun Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Junyuan Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zonglian She
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rai D, Sinha S. Research trends in the development of anodes for electrochemical oxidation of wastewater. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The review focuses on the recent development in anode materials and their synthesis approach, focusing on their compatibility for treating actual industrial wastewater, improving selectivity, electrocatalytic activity, stability at higher concentration, and thereby reducing the mineralization cost for organic pollutant degradation. The advancement in sol–gel technique, including the Pechini method, is discussed in the first section. A separate discussion related to the selection of the electrodeposition method and its deciding parameters is also included. Furthermore, the effect of using advanced heating approaches, including microwave and laser deposition synthesis, is also discussed. Next, a separate discussion is provided on using different types of anode materials and their effect on active •OH radical generation, activity, and electrode stability in direct and indirect oxidation and future aspects. The effect of using different synthesis approaches, additives, and doping is discussed separately for each anode. Graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metal doping enhance the number of active sites, electrochemical activity, and mineralization current efficiency (MCE) of the anode. While, microwave or laser heating approaches were proved to be an effective, cheaper, and fast alternative to conventional heating. The electrodeposition and nonaqueous solvent synthesis were convenient and environment-friendly techniques for conductive metallic and polymeric film deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand 247667 , India
| | - Shishir Sinha
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand 247667 , India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Enhancement of Ferroelectricity in 5 nm Metal-Ferroelectric-Insulator Technologies by Using a Strained TiN Electrode. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030468. [PMID: 35159813 PMCID: PMC8840286 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the ferroelectric characteristic of a 5 nm Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) metal-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor (MFIS) device is enhanced through strained complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible TiN electrode engineering. Strained TiN top-layer electrodes with different nitrogen (N) concentrations are deposited by adjusting the sputtering process conditions. The TiN electrode with 18% N exhibits a compressive characteristic, which induces tensile stress in a 5 nm HZO film. A device with 18% N in TiN shows a higher remanent polarization (2Pr) and larger capacitance value than the compared sample, indicating that the strained TiN is promising for enhancing the ferroelectricity of sub-5 nm HZO devices.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang T, Xue Z, Xie Y, Huang G, Peng G. Fabrication of a boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond grown on an WC–Co electrode for degradation of phenol. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26580-26587. [PMID: 36275150 PMCID: PMC9486173 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04449h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cemented carbide (WC–Co) is applied as the substrate instead of conventional ones such as Si, Ti, and Nb, on which nanocrystalline BDD films are deposited by hot filament chemical vapor deposition. Then the WC–Co/BDD electrodes are investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Micro-Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), a four-point probe method, accelerated life test (ALT), and electrochemical analysis. According to the results, the BDD films deposited on the WC–Co substrate are highly uniform and pinhole-free with a grain size of 100 nm and a low compressive stress. The WC–Co/BDD electrode has a wide potential window of 3.8 V and low background currents in 0.5 mol L−1 H2SO4 electrolytes and shows a quasi-reversible behavior in the K3[Fe(CN)6] redox system. The electrode has a service life of more than 400 h in the ALT with 3 mol L−1 H2SO4 electrolytes at a constant current density of 1 A cm−2. These electrochemical performances of BDD films on the WC–Co substrate is similar to or even slightly better than that on the commonly used substrates. Finally, phenol is used as a pollutant to test the activity of the WC–Co/BDD electrode. The results of replicated experiments show that the average COD reduces from the initial 5795 to 85 mg L−1, and the average current efficiency is about 46%. This suggests that the WC–Co/BDD electrode has a good mineralization capacity in phenol with a high concentration. WC–Co is applied as the substrate instead of conventional ones, on which nanocrystalline BDD films are deposited by HFCVD. WC–Co/BDD electrode like the standard BDD shows a wide potential window and a good mineralization capacity in phenol.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Mechanical Institute of Technology, Wuxi Institute of Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201316, China
| | - Zhe Xue
- Zhangjiagang Weina New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 201316, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Mechanical Institute of Technology, Wuxi Institute of Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guodong Huang
- Mechanical Institute of Technology, Wuxi Institute of Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guangpan Peng
- Mechanical Institute of Technology, Wuxi Institute of Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arts A, de Groot MT, van der Schaaf J. Separating kinetics and mass transfer in formic acid and formate oxidation on boron doped diamond electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
7
|
Carrillo-Abad J, Mora-Gómez J, García-Gabaldón M, Ortega E, Mestre S, Pérez-Herranz V. Effect of the CuO addition on a Sb-doped SnO 2 ceramic electrode applied to the removal of Norfloxacin in chloride media by electro-oxidation. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 249:126178. [PMID: 32087454 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Norfloxacin is employed as in veterinary and human medicine against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Due to the ineffective treatment at the wastewater treatment plants it becomes an emergent pollutant. Electro-oxidation appears as an alternative to its effective mineralization. This work compares Norfloxacin electro-oxidation on different anodic materials: two ceramic electrodes (both based on SnO2 + Sb2O3 with and without CuO, named as CuO and BCE, respectively) and a boron doped diamond (BDD). First, the anodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, revealing that NOR direct oxidation occurred at 1.30 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The higher the scan rate the higher both the current density and the anodic potential of the peak. This behavior was analyzed using the Randles-Sevcik equation to calculate the Norfloxacin diffusion coefficient in aqueous media, giving a value of D = 7.80 × 10-6 cm2 s-1 at 25 °C), which is close to the predicted value obtained using the Wilke-Chang correlation. The electrolysis experiments showed that both NOR and TOC decay increased with the applied current density, presenting a pseudo-first order kinetic. All the anodes tested achieved more than 90% NOR degradation at each current density. The CuO is not a good alternative to BCE because although it acts as a catalyst during the first use, it is lost from the anode surface in the subsequent uses. According to their oxidizing power, the anodes employed are ordered as follows: BDD > BCE > CuO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Carrillo-Abad
- IEC Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - J Mora-Gómez
- IEC Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - M García-Gabaldón
- IEC Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain.
| | - E Ortega
- IEC Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - S Mestre
- Instituto de Tecnología Cerámica, Campus Universitario Riu Sec, Av.Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12006, Castellón, Spain
| | - V Pérez-Herranz
- IEC Group, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bogdanowicz R, Ficek M, Malinowska N, Gupta S, Meek R, Niedziałkowski P, Rycewicz M, Sawczak M, Ryl J, Ossowski T. Electrochemical performance of thin free-standing boron-doped diamond nanosheet electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
9
|
Optimizing the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of BDD Coating to Improve the Service Life of Ti/BDD Coated Electrode. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12193188. [PMID: 31569438 PMCID: PMC6804151 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The short service life of the Ti/BDD coated electrode is the main reason that limits its practical use. In this paper, the effect of structural change on the service life was studied using Ti/BDD coated electrodes prepared with the arc plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. It was found that the microstructural defects and corrosion resistance of BDD coatings were the main factors affecting the electrode service life. By optimizing the process parameters in different deposition stages, reducing the structural defects and improving the corrosion resistance of the BDD coating were conducted successfully, which increased the service life of the Ti/BDD coated electrodes significantly. The lifetime of the Ti/BDD samples increased from 360 h to 655 h under the electrolysis condition with a current density of 0.5 A/cm2, with an increase of 82%.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ganiyu SO, Martínez‐Huitle CA. Nature, Mechanisms and Reactivity of Electrogenerated Reactive Species at Thin‐Film Boron‐Doped Diamond (BDD) Electrodes During Electrochemical Wastewater Treatment. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soliu O. Ganiyu
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Alberta Edmonton, AB Canada T6G 2W2
- Institute of ChemistryFederal University of Rio Grande do Norte Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970 Natal, RN Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Martínez‐Huitle
- Institute of ChemistryFederal University of Rio Grande do Norte Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970 Natal, RN Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nidheesh PV, Divyapriya G, Oturan N, Trellu C, Oturan MA. Environmental Applications of Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes: 1. Applications in Water and Wastewater Treatment. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. V. Nidheesh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur, Maharashtra India
| | - G. Divyapriya
- Environmental Water Resources Engineering DivisionDepartment of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Madra Chennai, Tamilnadu India
| | - Nihal Oturan
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, (LGE), EA 4508UPEM 5 Bd Descartes 77454 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2 France
| | - Clément Trellu
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, (LGE), EA 4508UPEM 5 Bd Descartes 77454 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2 France
| | - Mehmet A. Oturan
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, (LGE), EA 4508UPEM 5 Bd Descartes 77454 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2 France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gomez-Ruiz B, Diban N, Urtiaga A. Comparison of microcrystalline and ultrananocrystalline boron doped diamond anodes: Influence on perfluorooctanoic acid electrolysis. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
13
|
Cobb SJ, Ayres ZJ, Macpherson JV. Boron Doped Diamond: A Designer Electrode Material for the Twenty-First Century. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:463-484. [PMID: 29579405 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Boron doped diamond (BDD) is continuing to find numerous electrochemical applications across a diverse range of fields due to its unique properties, such as having a wide solvent window, low capacitance, and reduced resistance to fouling and mechanical robustness. In this review, we showcase the latest developments in the BDD electrochemical field. These are driven by a greater understanding of the relationship between material (surface) properties, required electrochemical performance, and improvements in synthetic growth/fabrication procedures, including material postprocessing. This has resulted in the production of BDD structures with the required function and geometry for the application of interest, making BDD a truly designer material. Current research areas range from in vivo bioelectrochemistry and neuronal/retinal stimulation to improved electroanalysis, advanced oxidation processes, supercapacitors, and the development of hybrid electrochemical-spectroscopic- and temperature-based technology aimed at enhancing electrochemical performance and understanding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Cobb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; ,
- Centre for Doctoral Training in Diamond Science and Technology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;
| | - Zoe J Ayres
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Julie V Macpherson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; ,
- Centre for Doctoral Training in Diamond Science and Technology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Carrillo-Abad J, Pérez-Herranz V, Urtiaga A. Electrochemical oxidation of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA) on BDD: electrode characterization and mechanistic investigation. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-018-1180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
15
|
Gayen P, Chaplin BP. Selective Electrochemical Detection of Ciprofloxacin with a Porous Nafion/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composite Film Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:1615-26. [PMID: 26711553 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the development of electrochemical sensors for the detection of Ciprofloxacin (CFX) in natural waters and wastewater effluents. The sensors are prepared by depositing a layer of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) dispersed in a porous Nafion film on to a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode substrate. The porous-Nafion-MWCNT/BDD electrode enhanced detection of CFX due to selective adsorption, which was accomplished by a combination of electrostatic attraction at -SO3(-) sites in the porous Nafion film and the formation of charge assisted hydrogen bonding between CFX and -COOH MWCNT surface functional groups. By contrast, the bare BDD electrode did not show any activity for CFX oxidation. The sensors were selective for CFX detection in the presence of other antibiotics (i.e., amoxicillin) and other nontarget water constituents (i.e., Cl(-), Ca(2+), humic acid, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, salicylic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid). A limit of detection of 5 nM (S/N = 5.04 ± 0.26) in a 0.1 M KH2PO4 supporting electrolyte (pH = 4.5) was obtained using differential pulse voltammetry. The linear dynamic ranges with respect to CFX concentration were 0.005-0.05 μM and 0.05-10 μM, and the sensitivities were 41 ± 5.2 μA μM(-1) and 2.1 ± 0.22 μA μM(-1), respectively. Sensor fouling was observed at high concentrations of some organic compounds such as 1 mM 4-aminobenzoic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. However, a short cathodic treatment fully restores sensor response. The results indicate that these sensors have application in detecting CFX in natural waters and wastewater effluents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pralay Gayen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Brian P Chaplin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The effects of surface oxidation and fluorination of boron-doped diamond anodes on perchlorate formation and organic compound oxidation. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Urtiaga A, Fernández-González C, Gómez-Lavín S, Ortiz I. Kinetics of the electrochemical mineralization of perfluorooctanoic acid on ultrananocrystalline boron doped conductive diamond electrodes. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 129:20-26. [PMID: 24981910 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work deals with the electrochemical degradation and mineralization of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Model aqueous solutions of PFOA (100mg/L) were electro-oxidized under galvanostatic conditions in a flow-by undivided cell provided with a tungsten cathode and an anode formed by a commercial ultrananocrystalline boron doped diamond (BDD) coating on a niobium substrate. A systematic experimental study was conducted in order to analyze the influence of the following operation variables: (i) the supporting electrolyte, NaClO4 (1.4 and 8.4g/L) and Na2SO4 (5g/L); (ii) the applied current density, japp, in the range 50-200 A/m(2) and (iii) the hydrodynamic conditions, in terms of flowrate in the range 0.4×10(-4)-1.7×10(-4)m(3)/s and temperature in the range 293-313K. After 6h of treatment and at japp 200A/m(2), PFOA removal was higher than 93% and the mineralization ratio, obtained from the decrease of the total organic carbon (TOC) was 95%. The electrochemical generation of hydroxyl radicals in the supporting electrolyte was experimentally measured based on their reaction with dimethyl sulfoxide. The enhanced formation of hydroxyl radicals at higher japp was related to the faster kinetics of PFOA removal. The fitting of experimental data to the proposed kinetic model provided the first order rate constants of PFOA degradation, kc(1) that moved from 2.06×10(-4) to 15.58×10(-4)s(-1), when japp varied from 50 to 200A/m(2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ane Urtiaga
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Av. de Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain.
| | - Carolina Fernández-González
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Av. de Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Sonia Gómez-Lavín
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Av. de Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ortiz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Av. de Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Davis J, Baygents JC, Farrell J. Understanding Persulfate Production at Boron Doped Diamond Film Anodes. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
19
|
Davis JR, Baygents JC, Farrell J. Effect of current density and sulfuric acid concentration on persulfuric acid generation by boron-doped diamond film anodes. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-014-0692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
20
|
Chaplin BP. Critical review of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for water treatment applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:1182-203. [PMID: 24549240 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00679d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) have emerged as novel water treatment technologies for the elimination of a broad-range of organic contaminants. Considerable validation of this technology has been performed at both the bench-scale and pilot-scale, which has been facilitated by the development of stable electrode materials that efficiently generate high yields of hydroxyl radicals (OH˙) (e.g., boron-doped diamond (BDD), doped-SnO2, PbO2, and substoichiometic- and doped-TiO2). Although a promising new technology, the mechanisms involved in the oxidation of organic compounds during EAOPs and the corresponding environmental impacts of their use have not been fully addressed. In order to unify the state of knowledge, identify research gaps, and stimulate new research in these areas, this review critically analyses published research pertaining to EAOPs. Specific topics covered in this review include (1) EAOP electrode types, (2) oxidation pathways of select classes of contaminants, (3) rate limitations in applied settings, and (4) long-term sustainability. Key challenges facing EAOP technologies are related to toxic byproduct formation (e.g., ClO4(-) and halogenated organic compounds) and low electro-active surface areas. These challenges must be addressed in future research in order for EAOPs to realize their full potential for water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Chaplin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 810 S. Clinton Ave., Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shalini J, Lin YC, Chang TH, Sankaran KJ, Chen HC, Lin IN, Lee CY, Tai NH. Ultra-nanocrystalline diamond nanowires with enhanced electrochemical properties. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Zanin H, Teófilo RF, Peterlevitz AC, Oliveira U, de Paiva JC, Ceragioli HJ, Reis EL, Baranauskas V. Diamond cylindrical anodes for electrochemical treatment of persistent compounds in aqueous solution. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-012-0491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|