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Rahal D, Bower JE, Irwin MR, Fuligni AJ, Chiang JJ. Resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia is related to emotion reactivity to social-evaluative stress. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:725-734. [PMID: 36162680 PMCID: PMC10392612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher resting parasympathetic nervous system activity, as indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), has been considered a marker of emotion regulatory capacity and is consistently related to better mental health. However, it remains unclear how resting RSA relates to emotion reactivity to acute social-evaluative stress, a potent predictor of depression and other negative outcomes. METHOD A sample of 89 participants (Mage = 18.36, SD = 0.51; 58.43 % female) provided measures of RSA at rest and then completed the Trier Social Stress Test, a standardized laboratory-based social-evaluative stress task that involves public speaking and mental arithmetic while being evaluated by two confederate judges. Participants reported a variety of emotions (e.g., negative emotion, positive emotion) at baseline and immediately after the stress task. RESULTS Participants with higher resting RSA showed greater increases in negative emotion, guilt, depressive emotion, and anger, as well as greater decreases in positive emotion after the task. LIMITATION Data were limited to a relatively small sample of late adolescents, who may be particularly responsive to social-evaluative stress compared to adults. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that higher resting RSA may enhance emotion responses to social-evaluative stress in adolescents, potentially due to active engagement and responding to rather than passively viewing stimuli. Higher resting RSA may promote flexible emotion responses to the social environment, which may account for associations between higher RSA and better mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Rahal
- Pennsylvania State University, Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, State College, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Julienne E Bower
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; University of California, Los Angeles, Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael R Irwin
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; University of California, Los Angeles, Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew J Fuligni
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; University of California, Los Angeles, Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jessica J Chiang
- Georgetown University, Department of Psychology, Washington, DC 20005, USA
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2
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Alen NV, Shields GS, Nemer A, D'Souza IA, Ohlgart MJ, Hostinar CE. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between parenting and child autonomic nervous system activity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 139:104734. [PMID: 35716874 PMCID: PMC11023739 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Parental socialization may influence the development of children's autonomic nervous system (ANS), a key stress-response system. However, to date no quantitative synthesis of the literature linking parenting and child ANS physiology has been conducted. To address this gap, we conducted a pre-registered meta-analysis. A systematic review of the literature identified 103 studies (n = 13,044 participants) with available effect sizes describing the association between parenting and either parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) or sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity in children. The overall analysis revealed non-significant associations between parenting and child ANS physiology on average. However, moderation analyses revealed a positive association between more positive parenting and higher resting PNS activity that was stronger when a study was experimental rather than correlational, and when the sample included children with a clinical condition. In conclusion, well-controlled experimental studies show that positive parenting is associated with the development of higher resting PNS activity, an effect that may be stronger among children who are at elevated developmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas V Alen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Trier, Germany
| | - Grant S Shields
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Adele Nemer
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, USA
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3
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Zhang H, Luo Y, Davis T, Zhang L. Interactive effects of childhood maltreatment and tonic respiratory sinus arrhythmia on young adults' depressive symptoms. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13900. [PMID: 34287947 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to investigate the moderating effect of tonic respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in the relation between childhood maltreatment and depression symptoms among young adults. A total of 98 participants (70 women) aged 17-22 years completed questionnaires on childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms. RSA data were obtained during a resting condition in the laboratory. Results indicated that childhood maltreatment interacted with tonic RSA to predict depressive symptoms, even after controlling for age and body mass index (BMI) of each participant. Specifically, higher levels of childhood maltreatment were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, but only among young adults who exhibited lower tonic RSA. The results indicated that the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms depends on young adults' physiological functioning/flexibility. Findings suggest that consideration of external environmental factors in combination with internal physiological factors is critical to understand young adults' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Luo
- School of Education, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Toshanna Davis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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4
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Loheide-Niesmann L, Vrijkotte TGM, De Rooij SR, Wiers RW, Huizink A. Associations between autonomic nervous system activity and risk-taking and internalizing behavior in young adolescents. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13882. [PMID: 34145912 PMCID: PMC8459221 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity has been associated with adolescent risk‐taking and internalizing behavior, but previous results in community samples have been mixed. We investigated whether ANS activity was associated with higher risk‐taking and internalizing behavior in young adolescents (age 11/12; n = 875), and whether adolescents' gender, parents' parenting style or a combination of both moderated these associations. Adolescents and their parents were recruited as part of the population‐based, longitudinal Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) study. Risk‐taking behavior was assessed with the Balloon Analogue Risk Task and the personality characteristics sensation seeking and impulsivity, measured with the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS). Internalizing behavior was assessed via the SURPS subscales anxiety sensitivity and hopelessness. Authoritative (AUTH‐SW) and authoritarian (AUTH‐S) parenting styles were measured with the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire. Resting ANS activity was assessed via heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Hierarchical, multivariable regression analyses showed higher RSA, but not heart rate, being associated with higher risk‐taking behavior and sensation seeking. The associations between ANS activity and risk‐taking variables were not significantly moderated by gender, parenting, or interactions between gender and parenting. Our findings suggest that RSA activity may be a relevant factor in mild to moderate risk‐taking behavior in adolescents from the general population, regardless of their gender or the type of parenting they experience. Dysregulated autonomic nervous system activity has been associated with adolescent risk‐taking and internalizing behavior, but previous results in community samples have been mixed. Our findings suggest that in adolescents from the general population, respiratory sinus arrhythmia activity may be a relevant factor in mild to moderate risk‐taking behavior but not in internalizing behavior, regardless of adolescents' gender or the type of parenting they experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Loheide-Niesmann
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne R De Rooij
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Huizink
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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MacGowan TL, Schmidt LA. Shyness, aggression, and empathy in children of shy mothers: Moderating influence of children's psychophysiological self‐regulation. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 62:324-338. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taigan L. MacGowan
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Louis A. Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
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Zhang Y, Yang X, Liu D, Wang Z. Chinese college students’ parental attachment, peer attachment, and prosocial behaviors: The moderating role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Biol Psychol 2020; 150:107844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Liu D, Wang Z, Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Lin S. Perceived autonomy-supportive parenting and internet addiction: respiratory sinus arrhythmia moderated the mediating effect of basic psychological need satisfaction. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Linking Parent-Child and Peer Relationship Quality to Empathy in Adolescence: A Multilevel Meta-Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 48:1033-1055. [PMID: 30810858 PMCID: PMC6525137 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-00993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Empathy, which is the ability to feel concern for and to understand others’ feelings, is thought to develop in high quality relationships with parent and peers, but also to facilitate the quality of these relationships. While a wide literature has addressed this aspect, the heterogeneity of primary studies, in which different indicators of relationship quality (e.g., support, conflict) and empathy (i.e., affective and cognitive) have been examined, makes it difficult to draw conclusive answers. Therefore, it remained ambiguous how parent–child and peer relationship quality are associated with adolescents’ empathy. In order to increase the understanding of these associations, a multilevel meta-analysis was performed, which allowed for including multiple effect sizes from each study. By a systematic literate search, 70 eligible studies were found that provided 390 effect sizes from 75 independent samples. The results showed a small positive correlation between parent–child relationship quality and empathy, and a small-to-moderate positive correlation between peer relationship quality and empathy, which was significantly stronger than the correlation with parent–child relationship quality. Hence, the meta-analytic results indicate that adolescents with higher quality relationships, especially with peers, indeed tend to show more concern for and understanding of others’ emotions than adolescents with lower quality relationships. Moreover, the moderation analyses showed stronger correlations for the positive dimension of relationship quality than for the negative dimension, and stronger correlations for composite scores of affective and cognitive empathy than for separate scores of the empathy dimensions. However, no differences in correlations were found between the affective and cognitive empathy dimension, and no moderation effects were found for gender and age. Thus, this meta-analysis demonstrates robust positive associations between parent–child and peer relationship quality and empathy in adolescence, implying that good empathic abilities may be a protective factor for experiencing poor relationships.
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Cui L, Zhang X, Houltberg BJ, Criss MM, Morris AS. RSA reactivity in response to viewing bullying film and adolescent social adjustment. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 61:592-604. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Cui
- NYU‐ECNU Institute for Social Development at NYU Shanghai New York University Shanghai Shanghai China
| | - Xutong Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin J. Houltberg
- Performance Science Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles California
| | - Michael M. Criss
- Department of Human Development and Family Science Oklahoma State University Oklahoma
| | - Amanda S. Morris
- Department of Human Development and Family Science Oklahoma State University Oklahoma
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10
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Rabinowitz JA, Drabick DA. Do children fare for better and for worse? Associations among child features and parenting with child competence and symptoms. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Young adults' internet addiction: Prediction by the interaction of parental marital conflict and respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 120:148-156. [PMID: 28800963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to address the potential moderating roles of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; baseline and suppression) and participant sex in the relation between parents' marital conflict and young adults' internet addiction. Participants included 105 (65 men) Chinese young adults who reported on their internet addiction and their parents' marital conflict. Marital conflict interacted with RSA suppression to predict internet addiction. Specifically, high RSA suppression was associated with low internet addiction, regardless of parental marital conflict; however, for participants with low RSA suppression, a positive relation between marital conflict and internet addiction was found. Internet addiction also was predicted by a significant three-way interaction among baseline RSA, marital conflict, and participant sex. Specifically, for men, marital conflict positively predicted internet addiction under conditions of low (but not high) baseline RSA. For women, marital conflict positively predicted internet addiction under conditions of high (but not low) baseline RSA. Findings highlight the importance of simultaneous consideration of physiological factors, in conjunction with family factors, in the prediction of young adults' internet addiction.
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12
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Kobak R, Abbott C, Zisk A, Bounoua N. Adapting to the changing needs of adolescents: parenting practices and challenges to sensitive attunement. Curr Opin Psychol 2017; 15:137-142. [PMID: 28813254 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Changes in adolescents' motivations and capabilities pose unique challenges to parents who play a continuing role in ensuring the youth's safety and well-being. We describe sensitively attuned parenting as an optimal response to this challenge and summarize practices of positive engagement, supervision/guidance and open communication that support sensitive attunement and facilitate the continuing development of the adolescent's self-confidence, autonomous decision-making, and communication skills. We then consider factors that require parents to adapt their practices to the particular needs and developmental level of the adolescent. Individual differences that may challenge parent's effectiveness in implementing these practices include: biological vulnerabilities, differential sensitivity to parenting, relationship history and temperament. Clinical interventions that seek to improve parenting offer an opportunity to test sensitive attunement as a mechanism for reducing adolescents' symptoms and problem behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Kobak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Caroline Abbott
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Abigail Zisk
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Nadia Bounoua
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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