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Adhyapak N, Cardenas GE, Abboud MA, Krishnan V. Rest-Activity Rhythm Phenotypes in Adults with Epilepsy and Intellectual Disability. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.09.09.24313145. [PMID: 39314931 PMCID: PMC11419227 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.09.24313145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Objective Sleep and rest-activity rhythms (RARs) are perturbed in many forms of neuropsychiatric illness. In this study, we applied wrist actigraphy to describe the extent of RAR perturbations in adults with epilepsy and intellectual disability ("E+ID"), using a cross-sectional case-control design. We examined whether RAR phenotypes correlated with epilepsy severity, deficits in adaptive function and/or comorbid psychopathology. Methods Primary caregivers of E+ID adults provided informed consent during routine ambulatory clinic visits and were asked to complete standardized surveys of overall epilepsy severity (GASE, Global Assessment of Severity of Epilepsy), adaptive function (ABAS-3, Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-3) and psychopathology (ABCL, Adult Behavior Checklist). Caregivers were also asked to ensure that subjects wore an Actiwatch-2 device continuously on their nondominant wrist for at least ten days. From recorded actograms, we calculated RAR amplitude, acrophase, robustness, intradaily variability (IV), interdaily stability (IS) and estimates of sleep quantity and timing. We compared these RAR metrics against those from (i) a previously published cohort of adults with epilepsy without ID (E-ID), and (ii) a cohort of age- and sex-matched intellectually able subjects measured within the Study of Latinos (SOL) Ancillary actigraphy study (SOL). Within E+ID subjects, we applied k-means analysis to divide subjects into three actigraphically distinct clusters. Results 46 E+ID subjects (median age 26 [20-68], 47% female) provided a median recording duration of 11 days [range 6-27]. Surveys reflected low to extremely low levels of adaptive function (ABAS3 General Adaptive Composite score: median 50 [49-75]), and low/subclinical levels of psychopathology (ABCL total score: median 54.5 [25-67]). Compared with E-ID (n=57) and SOL (n=156) cohorts, E+ID subjects displayed significantly lower RAR amplitude, robustness and IS, with significantly higher IV and total daily sleep. K-means clustering of E+ID subjects recognized an intermediate cluster "B", with RAR values indistinguishable to E-ID. Cluster "A" subjects displayed pronounced hypoactivity and hypersomnia with high rates of rhythm fragmentation, while cluster "C" subjects featured hyper-robust and high amplitude RARs. All three clusters were similar in age, body mass index, antiseizure medication (ASM) polytherapy, ABAS3 and ABCL scores. We qualitatively describe RAR examples from all three clusters. Interpretation We show that adults with epilepsy and intellectual disability display a wide spectrum of RAR phenotypes that do not neatly correlate with measures of adaptive function or epilepsy severity. Prospective studies are necessary to determine whether continuous actigraphic monitoring can sensitively capture changes in chronobiological health that may arise with disease progression, iatrogenesis (e.g., ASM toxicity) or acute health deteriorations (e.g., seizure exacerbation, pneumonia). Similar long-term data is necessary to recognize whether behavioral interventions targeted to 'normalize' RARs may promote improvements in adaptive function and therapy engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandani Adhyapak
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Grace E Cardenas
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Mark A Abboud
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Vaishnav Krishnan
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
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Longmore A, Anagnostou E, Georgiages S, Jones J, Kelley E, Baribeau D. Predictors of Depressive Symptoms in Autistic Youth-A Longitudinal Study From the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders (POND) Network: Prédicteurs des symptômes dépressifs chez les jeunes autistes-une étude longitudinale du Réseau des troubles neurodéveloppementaux de la province de l'Ontario (réseau POND). CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2024:7067437241259925. [PMID: 39053140 DOI: 10.1177/07067437241259925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify longitudinal predictors of depressive symptoms in autistic children and youth. METHODS Participants were youth with a diagnosis of autism who were part of the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders Network longitudinal substudy. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the child behaviour checklist (CBCL) affective problems subscale. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between clinical and demographic characteristics at baseline (T1) and clinically elevated depressive symptoms (CEDS) approximately 4 years later (T2). RESULTS The mean age of participants (n = 75) at T1 was 9.8 years (SD = 2.7) and at T2 was 14.1 years (SD = 2.8). A total of 37% and 35% of participants had CEDS at T1 and T2, respectively. Additionally, 24% of participants had CEDS at both T1 and T2. T1 characteristics associated with T2 CEDS were: loneliness (OR = 3.0, 95% CI, 1.1 to 8.8), self-harm (OR = 4.0, 95% CI, 1.1 to 16.9), suicidal ideation (OR = 3.9, 95% CI, 1.0 to 16.5), more social and adaptive skills (OR = 0.3, 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.9), elevated restricted and repetitive behaviours (OR = 3.8, 95% CI, 1.3 to 11.6), psychotropic medication use (OR = 3.0, 95% CI, 1.1 to 8.4), attention-deficient/hyperactivity disorder (OR = 2.8, 95% CI, 1.1 to 7.8), and T1 CEDS (OR = 8.8, 95% CI, 3.1 to 27.0) (uncorrected for multiple comparisons). Associations persisted after adjusting for age and intelligence quotient (IQ) differences. Age, sex, IQ, teasing/bullying on the CBCL, family psychiatric history and family income were not associated with T2 CEDS. CONCLUSION Our results highlight both high prevalence and high potential for the persistence of depressive symptoms in autism and emphasize the importance of early support to address loneliness and social participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery Longmore
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stelios Georgiages
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Jones
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle Baribeau
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Girolamo T, Escobedo A, Butler L, Larson CA, Campos I, Greene-Pendelton K. Social drivers of health in communicative outcomes of racially and ethnically minoritized autistic adolescents and adults. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.17.24309053. [PMID: 38947098 PMCID: PMC11213112 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.24309053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite their importance, little is known about how social drivers of health shape communicative outcomes in autism. Even less is known when considering the intersection of race and language impairment. An understanding of factors in communicative outcomes is key for characterizing developmental trajectories and informing supports. This cross-sectional observational study examined the role of social drivers of health in communicative outcomes of racially and ethnically minoritized autistic adolescents and adults. Participants ages 13 to 30 (N = 73) completed a behavioral assessment protocol, including language and nonverbal cognitive skills, as well as social drivers of health (sense of community, unmet services, barriers to services). Correlational analyses revealed associations between social drivers of health on social communication impairment and real-world communication. Generalized linear mixed-effects modeling revealed that language predicted real-world communication, but sense of community predicted social communication impairment. Findings point to the importance of assessing both individual differences and social drivers of health in outcomes in autism research. Future work should focus on social drivers of health in larger-scale analyses of outcomes in minoritized autistic individuals during the transition to adulthood, considering supports that align with service eligibility and person-centered outcomes.
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Kim Y, Munsell EGS, Coster WJ, Orsmond GI. Age-Related Changes in Functional Skills and Daily Life Task Management Among Autistic Youth. Am J Occup Ther 2024; 78:7803205180. [PMID: 38758763 PMCID: PMC11117464 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Autistic youth who graduate with a high school diploma may experience challenges in acquiring functional skills for everyday independence. Few studies have focused on how their functional and self-management skills change during the transition to adulthood. OBJECTIVE To examine cross-sectional differences and longitudinal changes in the functional and self-management skills of transition-age autistic youth. DESIGN Exploratory longitudinal study (18-mo follow-up). SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS Autistic high school students who graduated with a high school diploma and their parents (N = 50). OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test (ASD). RESULTS Older youth (ages 18-20 yr) had significantly lower normative Social/Cognitive and Responsibility domain scores (i.e., self-management) than youth ages 14-17 yr. Approximately 2 yr later, youth in both age groups significantly improved in scaled scores on the Daily Activities and Responsibility domains. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Autistic youth's functional and self-management skills fell below those of nonautistic peers; however, these skills do change over time and are therefore appropriate targets for intervention. Plain-Language Summary: The findings of this study highlight the importance of focusing on the functional and self-management skills of autistic youth as part of their transition to adulthood. Occupational therapists can play a valuable role in helping autistic youth to achieve independence as adults by assessing their functional needs and strengths and by providing client-centered interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeook Kim
- Yeook Kim, CScD, OTR/L, is PhD Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, Boston, MA;
| | - Elizabeth G S Munsell
- Elizabeth G. S. Munsell, PhD, OTR/L, is Research Director, Pearson Clinical Assessments, San Antonio, TX
| | - Wendy J Coster
- Wendy J. Coster, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Professor Emerita, Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Gael I Orsmond
- Gael I. Orsmond, PhD, is Professor and Associate Dean of Academic Affairs, Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, Boston, MA
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Furnier SM, Ellis Weismer S, Rubenstein E, Gangnon R, Rosenberg S, Nadler C, Wiggins LD, Durkin MS. Using adaptive behavior scores to convey level of functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from the Study to Explore Early Development. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:1135-1149. [PMID: 37609907 PMCID: PMC10884350 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231193194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autistic people are often described as "low-" or "high-functioning" based on their scores on cognitive tests. These terms are common in publications and in everyday communication. However, recent research and feedback from the autistic community suggests that relying on cognitive ability alone to describe functioning may miss meaningful differences in the abilities of autistic children and adults and in the kinds of support they may need. Additional methods are needed to describe "functioning" in autistic children. We examined whether scores from a test measuring adaptive behaviors would provide information on the functional abilities of children with autism that is different from cognitive ability and autism symptom severity. Adaptive behaviors include age-appropriate skills that allow people to function in their everyday lives and social interactions. We found that a large amount of the variation in adaptive behavior scores was not explained by cognitive development, autism symptom severity, and behavioral and emotional problems. In addition, there was a wide range of adaptive ability levels in children with autism in our study, including in those with low, average, or high cognitive scores. Our results suggest that adaptive behavior scores could provide useful information about the strengths and support needs of autistic children above and beyond measures of cognitive ability and autism symptom severity. Adaptive behavior scores provide important information on the needs of autistic people.
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Chaki HB, Faran Y. The Effect of Family Characteristics on the Functioning of a Child with an Autistic Spectrum Disorder in Bedouin Society in Israel. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06255-z. [PMID: 38356022 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by difficulties in communication and social-emotional interaction. It is associated with an increase of parental stress and poor family functioning, both of which are harmful for a child's functioning and adaptive behavior. An important source of support to parents are grandparents, especially in traditional populations. One such population is the Bedouin population. The present study tested the association between emotional support from mother and mother-in-law to the adaptive behavior of children with ASD, and whether this relation is serially mediated by family functioning and satisfaction in life as reported by Bedouin mothers of children with ASD. 100 mothers of children with ASD fulfilled a questionnaire about emotional support from their mothers and mother-in-law, family functioning, satisfaction in life and child's adaptive behavior. We found that indeed, family functioning and satisfaction in life serially mediated the relations between emotional support from mother and mother-in-law and child adaptive behavior. These findings indicate that intergenerational solidarity between women can improve not only the functioning of the nuclear family and wife's satisfaction with life, but also, indirectly, the adaptive behavior of a child with ASD. It highlights the importance of women solidarity, especially in traditional society, where women are kept marginal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Binoun Chaki
- Faculty of Social Work, Ashkelon Academic College, 12 Ben-Tzvi St, Ashkelon, 78211, Israel.
| | - Yifat Faran
- Faculty of Social Work, Ashkelon Academic College, 12 Ben-Tzvi St, Ashkelon, 78211, Israel
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Grey I, Brennan D, Cody B. Outcomes for children with autism spectrum disorder and their families after two years of school based early intensive behavioural intervention. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2024:17446295241231039. [PMID: 38346005 DOI: 10.1177/17446295241231039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The effectiveness of a school based Early Intensive Behavioural Intervention (EIBI) program was assessed over a two-year period for a cohort of 16 pre-school children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families. Children with a mean age of 40 months, were assessed prior to intervention, after 1 year of intervention, and again after 2 years. Significant improvements were observed on measures of adaptive behaviour, communication ability and challenging behaviour. Parents of children attending the program also reported increased familial quality of life, specifically improved emotional and physical well-being and increased parenting capacity over the duration of the program. The current study suggests that EIBI for young children with ASD can be effective in facilitating improvements in communication ability, reducing challenging behaviours and improving quality of life for families. Children's pre-intervention adaptive skills appeared to be the strongest predictor of post intervention gains as initial level of adaptive ability was positively related to improved post-intervention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Grey
- Department of Cognitive Science, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Brettjet Cody
- Department of Cognitive Science, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates
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Duncan A, Meinzen-Derr J, Ruble L, Fassler C, Stark LJ. A Randomized Clinical Trial Targeting Daily Living Skills in Autistic Adolescents Without an Intellectual Disability Before the Transition to Adulthood. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2023; 44:e590-e596. [PMID: 37862694 PMCID: PMC10843140 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000001222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the United States, more than 75,000 autistic adolescents graduate from high school each year, and many lack the skills to successfully transition to college, work, and independent living. Daily living skills (DLS) in autistic adolescents without an intellectual disability (ID) fall 6 to 8 years behind peers. Better DLS are linked to more positive adult outcomes for autistic individuals. Surviving and Thriving in the Real World (STRW) is the only known evidence-based intervention that targets age-appropriate DLS in autistic adolescents without ID. The study objective was to evaluate STRW's efficacy compared with an active comparator (Program for the Evaluation and Enrichment of Relational Skills [PEERS]). METHOD Autistic adolescents in their last 2 years of high school were randomized to STRW or PEERS. Outcome measures were the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Third Edition (VABS-3), DLS domain and subdomains (Personal, Domestic, Community), and DLS Goal Attainment Scaling (DLS-GAS) areas (Morning Routine, Cooking, Laundry, Money). RESULTS Adolescents were randomly assigned to STRW (n = 34) or PEERS (n = 30). Owing to COVID-19, 28.1% received in-person intervention and 71.9% received telehealth intervention. STRW youth made significant gains on the VABS-3 DLS domain ( p = 0.01) and Domestic subdomain ( p = 0.005) and DLS-GAS Total, Laundry, and Money areas (all p 's < 0.05) compared with PEERS. CONCLUSION STRW shows promise for acquiring age-appropriate DLS compared with PEERS. Adolescents in STRW progressed toward achieving DLS in the average range and closing the gap between chronological age and DLS. By improving DLS, STRW may facilitate more successful adult outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie Duncan
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology
| | - Jareen Meinzen-Derr
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Lisa Ruble
- Teacher's College, Ball State University, Muncie, IN
| | | | - Lori J Stark
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology
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Teh SE, Vo LTV, Bal VH. Factors that Influence the Daily Living Skills of Autistic Adults: The Importance of Opportunity. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-06154-9. [PMID: 37914836 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
While existing literature has demonstrated that Daily Living Skills (DLS) performance of autistic individuals is lower than what is expected of their age and cognitive abilities, limited studies have examined DLS in autistic adults. This study aimed to understand the influence of intellectual function (IQ) and contextual factors (i.e., provision of opportunities) on autistic individuals' DLS performance. Participants included 33 autistic individuals ranging in age from 16 to 35 years. Their caregivers were administered the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 3rd edition's (Vineland-3) caregiver interview form. A novel coding system was developed to capture the frequency of reasons for participants' non-performance of DLS tasks, based on caregiver's report. "Target" scores reflecting expected possible score if reasons for nonperformance could be addressed were computed. Qualitative analysis of parental responses indicated that, for adults with average or higher IQ, lack of opportunity to learn and/or implement the skill was the most frequent reason for not performing DLS. Lack of opportunity was also the second most common reason provided for adults with NVIQ below 85, following cognitive ability. Taking into account reasons for nonperformance, "Target" scores were, on average, 7.65 points higher for the NVIQ ≥ 85 group. These findings highlight a need for multi-dimensional assessment to go beyond individual strengths and difficulties to also include contextual factors that may influence adults' skill acquisition and performance. It is essential that clinicians ensure that adequate opportunities for learning and performance are available to promote acquisition of important DLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Er Teh
- Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Le Thao Vy Vo
- Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
- Rutgers Center for Adult Autism Services, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Vanessa H Bal
- Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
- Rutgers Center for Adult Autism Services, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
- Applied Psychology, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Ellul P, Maruani A, Vantalon V, Humeau E, Amestoy A, Anchordoqui A, Atzori P, Baleyte JM, Benmansour S, Bonnot O, Bouvard M, Cartigny A, Coulon N, Coutelle R, Da Fonseca D, Demily C, Givaudan M, Gollier-Briant F, Guénolé F, Koch A, Leboyer M, Lefebvre A, Lejuste F, Levy C, Mendes E, Robert N, Schroder CM, Speranza M, Zante E, Peyre H, Rosenzwajg M, Klatzmann D, Tchitchek N, Delorme R. Maternal immune activation during pregnancy is associated with more difficulties in socio-adaptive behaviors in autism spectrum disorder. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17687. [PMID: 37848536 PMCID: PMC10582088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions characterised by deficits in social communication and interaction and repetitive behaviours. Maternal immune activation (MIA) during the mid-pregnancy is a known risk factor for ASD. Although reported in 15% of affected individuals, little is known about the specificity of their clinical profiles. Adaptive skills represent a holistic approach to a person's competencies and reflect specifically in ASD, their strengths and difficulties. In this study, we hypothesised that ASD individual with a history of MIA (MIA+) could be more severely socio-adaptively impaired than those without MIA during pregnancy (MIA-). To answer this question, we considered two independent cohorts of individuals with ASD (PARIS study and FACE ASD) screened for pregnancy history, and used supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms. We included 295 mother-child dyads with 14% of them with MIA+. We found that ASD-MIA+ individuals displayed more severe maladaptive behaviors, specifically in their socialization abilities. MIA+ directly influenced individual's socio-adaptive skills, independent of other covariates, including ASD severity. Interestingly, MIA+ affect persistently the socio-adaptive behavioral trajectories of individuals with ASD. The current study has a retrospective design with possible recall bias regarding the MIA event and, even if pooled from two cohorts, has a relatively small population. In addition, we were limited by the number of covariables available potentially impacted socio-adaptive behaviors. Larger prospective study with additional dimensions related to ASD is needed to confirm our results. Specific pathophysiological pathways may explain these clinical peculiarities of ASD- MIA+ individuals, and may open the way to new perspectives in deciphering the phenotypic complexity of ASD and for the development of specific immunomodulatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Ellul
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Immunology, Immunopathology, Immunotherapy, INSERM U959, Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.
| | - Anna Maruani
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre Hospitalier Charles-Perrens, Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de L'enfant Et de L'adolescent, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, UMR 5287, CNRS, INCIA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Valérie Vantalon
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Elise Humeau
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Anouck Amestoy
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Centre Hospitalier Charles-Perrens, Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de L'enfant Et de L'adolescent, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, UMR 5287, CNRS, INCIA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Andrea Anchordoqui
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Centre Hospitalier Charles-Perrens, Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de L'enfant Et de L'adolescent, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, UMR 5287, CNRS, INCIA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Paola Atzori
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Salvator University Hospital, Public Assistance-Marseille Hospitals, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Baleyte
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, AP-HP, DMU IMPACT, FHU ADAPT, Univ Paris Est Créteil, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Safiyah Benmansour
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, AP-HP, DMU IMPACT, FHU ADAPT, Univ Paris Est Créteil, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Olivier Bonnot
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Psychiatrie de L'enfant et de l'Adolescent, CHU and Universite de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Manuel Bouvard
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Centre Hospitalier Charles-Perrens, Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de L'enfant Et de L'adolescent, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, UMR 5287, CNRS, INCIA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ariane Cartigny
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Coulon
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Centre Expert TSA-SDI/Centre Référent de Réhabilitation Psychosociale, CH Alpes Isère, Grenoble, France
| | - Romain Coutelle
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Expert Centre for Autism and NDD, Fondation FondaMental, Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Strasbourg University Hospitals and University of Strasbourg, Versailles, France
- CNRS UPR 3212Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de L'enfant Et de L'adolescent, Centre Hospitalier de VersaillesUMR1018, CESPUVSQ, Université Paris Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - David Da Fonseca
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Salvator University Hospital, Public Assistance-Marseille Hospitals, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Demily
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Centre d'excellence I-Mind, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Génopsy, Pôle ADIS, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marion Givaudan
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Salvator University Hospital, Public Assistance-Marseille Hospitals, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Fanny Gollier-Briant
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Psychiatrie de L'enfant et de l'Adolescent, CHU and Universite de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Fabian Guénolé
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- CHU de Caen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Caen Normandy University, Caen, France
| | - Andrea Koch
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, AP-HP, DMU IMPACT, FHU ADAPT, Univ Paris Est Créteil, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Aline Lefebvre
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Florian Lejuste
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, AP-HP, DMU IMPACT, FHU ADAPT, Univ Paris Est Créteil, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Charlotte Levy
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Centre Hospitalier Charles-Perrens, Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de L'enfant Et de L'adolescent, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, UMR 5287, CNRS, INCIA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eugénie Mendes
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Natalia Robert
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Pasteur Insitute, Paris, France
| | - Carmen M Schroder
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Expert Centre for Autism and NDD, Fondation FondaMental, Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Strasbourg University Hospitals and University of Strasbourg, Versailles, France
- CNRS UPR 3212Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de L'enfant Et de L'adolescent, Centre Hospitalier de VersaillesUMR1018, CESPUVSQ, Université Paris Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Mario Speranza
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Pasteur Insitute, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Zante
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Centre d'excellence I-Mind, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Génopsy, Pôle ADIS, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hugo Peyre
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Michelle Rosenzwajg
- Immunology, Immunopathology, Immunotherapy, INSERM U959, Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - David Klatzmann
- Immunology, Immunopathology, Immunotherapy, INSERM U959, Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Tchitchek
- Immunology, Immunopathology, Immunotherapy, INSERM U959, Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institute of Neuroscience Timone, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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11
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Michalski SC, Gallomarino NC, Szpak A, May KW, Lee G, Ellison C, Loetscher T. Improving real-world skills in people with intellectual disabilities: an immersive virtual reality intervention. VIRTUAL REALITY 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37360807 PMCID: PMC10068226 DOI: 10.1007/s10055-023-00759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) is a promising tool for training life skills in people with intellectual disabilities. However, there is a lack of evidence surrounding the implementation, suitability, and effectiveness of VR training in this population. The present study investigated the effectiveness of VR training for people with intellectual disabilities by assessing (1) their ability to complete basic tasks in VR, (2) real-world transfer and skill generalisation, and (3) the individual characteristics of participants able to benefit from VR training. Thirty-two participants with an intellectual disability of varying severity completed a waste management training intervention in VR that involved sorting 18 items into three bins. Real-world performance was measured at pre-test, post-test, and delayed time points. The number of VR training sessions varied as training ceased when participants met the learning target (≈ 90% correct). A survival analysis assessed training success probability as a function of the number of training sessions with participants split by their level of adaptive functioning (as measured on the Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System Third Edition). The learning target was met by 19 participants (59.4%) within ten sessions (Mdn = 8.5, IQR 4-10). Real-world performance significantly improved from pre- to post-test and pre- to delayed test. There was no significant difference from post- to delayed test. Further, there was a significant positive relationship between adaptive functioning and change in the real-world assessment from the pre-test to the post- and delayed tests. VR facilitated the learning of most participants, which led to demonstrations of real-world transfer and skill generalisation. The present study identified a relationship between adaptive functioning and success in VR training. The survival curve may assist in planning future studies and training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Carlo Michalski
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Ancret Szpak
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Gun Lee
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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12
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Kim JI, Bang S, Yang JJ, Kwon H, Jang S, Roh S, Kim SH, Kim MJ, Lee HJ, Lee JM, Kim BN. Classification of Preschoolers with Low-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Multimodal MRI Data. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:25-37. [PMID: 34984638 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal imaging studies targeting preschoolers and low-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients are scarce. We applied machine learning classifiers to parameters from T1-weighted MRI and DTI data of 58 children with ASD (age 3-6 years) and 48 typically developing controls (TDC). Classification performance reached an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 88.8%, 93.0%, and 83.8%, respectively. The most prominent features were the cortical thickness of the right inferior occipital gyrus, mean diffusivity of the middle cerebellar peduncle, and nodal efficiency of the left posterior cingulate gyrus. Machine learning-based analysis of MRI data was useful in distinguishing low-functioning ASD preschoolers from TDCs. Combination of T1 and DTI improved classification accuracy about 10%, and large-scale multi-modal MRI studies are warranted for external validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyu Bang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Kwon
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 02722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Roh
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-no, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Pontrelli Mecca T, Tafla TL, Bueno FMB, Valentini F, Bassetto SA, Teixeira MCTV. Transcultural adaptation of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS-3). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 70:684-695. [PMID: 38983494 PMCID: PMC11229771 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2022.2137953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
This study describes the cross-cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS-3), which assesses 11 skills areas within three major adaptive domains: the conceptual, social, and practical. The translation was performed by two independent translators, which was followed by the synthesis of the translations by two experts and then an analysis of the synthesis by 33 specialists from the areas of health and education (three per subscale) who were experts in the domains evaluated by ABAS-3. Of the 1121 items of the five ABAS-3 forms, 82 (7.31%) needed revision. There was good agreement between the specialists in respect of most items, with only minor adjustments being required. There was good evidence of content validity and the adequacy of the adaptation in respect of the conceptual, idiomatic, and semantic aspects of the items of the instrument. This initial process of cross-cultural adaptation was necessary because adaptive behavior is strongly influenced by environmental factors such as socioeconomic status and culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pontrelli Mecca
- Postgraduate Program in Developmental Disorders, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tally L. Tafla
- Postgraduate Program in Developmental Disorders, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M. B. Bueno
- Graduating in Psychology, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Valentini
- Postgraduate Program in Psychological, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Brazil
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14
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Losada-Puente L, Baña M. Assessment of Adaptive Behavior in People with Autism Spectrum Disorders through the ICAP. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:333. [PMID: 36135137 PMCID: PMC9495773 DOI: 10.3390/bs12090333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating adaptive behavior in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) requires attending to a set of cognitive processes associated with social interaction skills and functional communication that are altered. This paper presents the analysis of an instrument to assess and diagnose adaptive behavior in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), given the need for rigorous, standardized, and statistically reliable tools to address this dimension, incorporated into the diagnosis since 1992. The Inventory for Service Planning and Individual Programming (ICAP) was applied to n = 209 children with ASD. Its psychometric properties were studied to provide statistical criteria for its usefulness in assessing adaptive behavior. Results highlighted variations in its original structure, reducing the number of items from 77 to 60 by eliminating those with little discriminative power, and of dimensions from four to three given their greater congruence with the results of the exploratory analysis: daily life skills (α = 0.892-0.935), communication and linguistic skills (α = 0.860-0.931), and motor skills (α = 0.828-0.857). This again raises questions about the use of instruments similar in their dimensions, and about the interaction between variables and items, a frequent issue in the field of mind, social, and health sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Losada-Puente
- Department of Methods of Research and Diagnosis in Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manoel Baña
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Teachers Training, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Glover M, Liddle M, Fassler C, Duncan A. Microanalysis of Daily Living Skills in adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder without an intellectual disability. J Autism Dev Disord 2022:10.1007/s10803-022-05495-1. [PMID: 35437677 PMCID: PMC10108580 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without an intellectual disability (ID) have daily living skills (DLS) that fall below their chronological age and affect their ability to achieve successful adult outcomes, but little is known about their specific DLS challenges. Utilizing the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 3rd Edition (VABS-3) in a sample of 151 adolescents with ASD without an ID, we explored the VABS-3 DLS domain, subdomains, interview topics, and individual items. Results indicated that Community DLS was a relative strength, followed by Domestic DLS, and then Personal DLS. Adolescents with ASD demonstrated significant challenges in many age appropriate DLS subdomain interview topics and individual items, indicating a need for interventions to increase acquisition of DLS to improve adult outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Glover
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC4002, 45229-3039, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Melissa Liddle
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC4002, 45229-3039, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Carrie Fassler
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC4002, 45229-3039, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Amie Duncan
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC4002, 45229-3039, Cincinnati, OH, United States. .,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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16
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Jin WY, Wu LL, Hu LF, Li WH, Song C, Wang YY, Liu XL, Zhu ZW. Intelligence profiles and adaptive behaviors of high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and developmental speech and language disorders. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:972643. [PMID: 36699306 PMCID: PMC9869386 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.972643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed at investigating the intelligence profiles and adaptive behaviors of children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) and developmental speech and language disorders (DSLDs). We compared the similarities and differences of cognitive capabilities and adaptive functions and explored their correlations in the HFASD and DSLDs groups. METHODS 128 patients with HFASD, 111 patients with DSLDs and 114 typically developing (TD) children were enrolled into our study. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV) and Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-II (ABAS-II) were respectively applied to evaluate intelligence profiles and adaptive behaviors. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores and adaptive functioning scores among the HFASD, DSLDs and TD groups were compared through one-way ANOVA. Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to examine the relationships between WISC indices and ABAS domains. RESULTS Outcomes showed significantly poorer intelligence profiles and adaptive behaviors in HFASD and DSLDs groups. Both children with HFASD and DSLDs demonstrated impairments in verbal comprehension and executive functions. Processing speed and working memory were the predominant defects of children with HFASD and DSLDs in the field of executive functions, respectively. Whereas perceptual reasoning was a relative strength for them. Children with DSLDs had balanced scores of all the domains in ABAS-II; nevertheless, HFASD individuals demonstrated striking impairments in Social domain. Correlation analysis showed IQs of children with HFASD were positively correlated with all the domains and General Adaptive Composite (GAC) of ABAS-II. Additionally, IQs were positively correlated with Conceptual domain and GAC for children with DSLDs. Compared with DSLDs group, intelligence displayed stronger correlations with adaptive behaviors in HFASD group. CONCLUSION Our study expanded insights regarding intelligence profiles and adaptive behaviors of children with HFASD and DSLDs. Moreover, this study made breakthroughs in discovering positive correlations between IQs and adaptive functions in the two neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Jin
- Department of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Ling Wu
- Department of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Fei Hu
- Department of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hao Li
- Department of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yan Wang
- Department of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Liu
- Department of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhu
- Department of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neuropsychological assessment involves the comprehensive evaluation of intellectual, attentional, executive, social-cognitive, language, and motor functioning. Such assessments are used to characterize areas of strength and weakness, inform differential diagnosis, guide treatment planning, and evaluate change over time. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present with varied clinical presentations, which can make the design of testing batteries and subsequent interpretation of results challenging. Here we provide an overview of neuropsychological domains as they relate to the evaluation of individuals with ASD. RECENT FINDINGS Individuals with ASD demonstrate unique patterns of neuropsychological functioning across various domains. Recent findings related to intellectual, adaptive, executive, attentional, social, language, motor, and autism-specific functioning are reviewed. Clarifying the relationship between ASD symptoms and neuropsychological functioning is critical for differential diagnosis and for optimal treatment planning. Tools and methods for developing appropriate neuropsychological testing protocols for individuals with ASD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Braconnier
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- St. John's University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paige M Siper
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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