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Cummings C, Lansing AH, Hadley W, Houck CD. Intervention impact on the perceived emotion regulation repertoire of adolescents at-risk for risky sexual behaviors. Emotion 2023; 23:2105-2109. [PMID: 36595383 PMCID: PMC10314954 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent calls have been made to evaluate the range, rather than the frequency of use, of strategies within adolescents' emotion regulation repertoire. It is unknown whether an emotion regulation intervention may increase adolescents' emotion regulation repertoire. To examine the direct effect of an emotion regulation intervention on adolescents' perceived emotion regulation repertoire from baseline to immediately postintervention, when controlling for baseline problems with emotional awareness and participant sex. Seventh-grade students (N = 420) participated in a 6-week emotion regulation and sexual health promotion randomized control trial. Adolescent-report measures of emotion regulation and problems with emotional awareness were collected. On average, adolescents used one additional strategy after completing the intervention; they endorsed using four (out of eight) strategies at baseline and five strategies immediately after the intervention. Emotion regulation interventions may expand adolescents' repertoire. Future research should explore whether such expansion may guide downstream effects on psychosocial functioning and prevent health risk behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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2
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Lanier Y, Cornelius T, Morillo C, Lavarin C, Brawner BM, Kershaw T. A Dyadic Analysis Exploring the Mediating Role of Relationship Quality on Discrimination and HIV/STI Risk Among Young Black and Latino Expecting Couples. AIDS Behav 2023; 27:1269-1276. [PMID: 36156173 PMCID: PMC10038914 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03863-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Encounters with discrimination are a normative experience for many Black and Latino adolescents and young adults (AYAs); these experiences may be even more common for expecting AYAs. While the harmful effects of discriminatory experiences on mental and physical health have been well explored, relatively little is known regarding the impact of discrimination on relationship quality and sexual health-specifically HIV/STI risk.Using the Actor Partner Interdependence Model, we examined both actor and partner effects of discrimination on relationship quality and willingness to be non-monogamous in a sample of 259 pregnant adolescent and young adult couples. There was a significant indirect actor effect, such that one's own discrimination was associated with a decrease in their own relationship quality which, in turn, was associated with their own greater willingness to be non-monogamous. The partner effect for the association of one's partner's discrimination on one's own relationship quality was not significant. Findings highlight the need for more attention to the implications of discrimination on relational and sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yzette Lanier
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, US.
| | | | - Cheyenne Morillo
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, US
| | | | - Bridgette M Brawner
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, US
| | - Trace Kershaw
- School of Public Health, Yale University , New Haven, US
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Martins A, Canavarro MC, Pereira M. Multidimensional factors associated with perceived risk of HIV among sexually experienced individuals in Portugal. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2021.1933146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Martins
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Canavarro
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marco Pereira
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Coimbra, Portugal
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Brawner BM, Jemmott LS, Hanlon AL, Lozano AJ, Abboud S, Ahmed C, Wingood G. Results from Project GOLD: A pilot randomized controlled trial of a psychoeducational HIV/STI prevention intervention for black youth. AIDS Care 2021; 33:767-785. [PMID: 33550841 PMCID: PMC8494072 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2021.1874273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Black youth face significant disparities in HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) disease burden. Mental illness and emotion regulation are ontributors to HIV/STI risk, yet many HIV/STI prevention interventions do not address these factors. Project GOLD was a pilot randomized controlled trial of a psychoeducational HIV/STI prevention intervention designed to address the role of mental illness and emotion regulation in HIV/STI risk among heterosexually active Black youth aged 14-17 (N = 108). Participants were recruited from outpatient mental health treatment programs and general community settings via community partner referrals, face-to-face encounters, flyers and social media. Assessments were conducted pretest, immediate posttest, and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. Although there were no statistically significant differences in behavior change from baseline, there were practically significant effect sizes among HIV condition participants when compared to the general health condition (e.g., fewer sexual partners at 6 months). An increase in theoretical mediators (e.g., condom use negotiation beliefs) was sustained at 12 months. HIV condition participants also reported lower depressive symptom severity, with statistical significance noted at immediate post and at 3 months. The findings highlight the importance and challenges of engaging Black youth in culturally and contextually relevant, developmentally and psychologically appropriate HIV/STI prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette M. Brawner
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Twitter: @DrBMBrawnerhttps://twitter.com/DrBMBrawner; Facebook: Dr. Bridgette M. Brawner https://www.facebook.com/DrBMBrawner/; LinkedIn: Bridgette M. Brawner, PhD, MDiv, APRN https://www.linkedin.com/in/bridgette-m-brawner-phd-mdiv-aprn-754a24109/
| | - Loretta Sweet Jemmott
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Twitter: https://twitter.com/Dr_SweetJ
| | - Alexandra L. Hanlon
- Center for Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Department of Statistics, College of Science, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, United States of America; Twitter: @al_hanlonhttps://twitter.com/al_hanlon
| | - Alicia J. Lozano
- Center for Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Department of Statistics, College of Science, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, United States of America; Twitter: @aliciajlozanohttps://twitter.com/aliciajlozano
| | - Sarah Abboud
- Department of Women, Children, and Family Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; Twitter: @SarahAbboud78https://twitter.com/sarahabboud78
| | - Charisse Ahmed
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America; LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/charisse-ahmed-2b341866/
| | - Gina Wingood
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Banks DE, Hensel DJ, Zapolski TCB. Integrating Individual and Contextual Factors to Explain Disparities in HIV/STI Among Heterosexual African American Youth: A Contemporary Literature Review and Social Ecological Model. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 49:1939-1964. [PMID: 32157486 PMCID: PMC7321914 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-01609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Heterosexual African American youth face substantial disparities in sexual health consequences such as HIV and STI. Based on the social ecological framework, the current paper provides a comprehensive, narrative review of the past 14 years of literature examining HIV/STI risk, including risky sexual behavior, among heterosexual African American youth and a conceptual model of risk among this population. The review found that individual psychological and biological factors are insufficient to explain the sexual health disparities faced by this group; instead, structural disadvantage, interpersonal risk, and community dysfunction contribute to the disparity in HIV/STI outcomes directly and indirectly through individual psychological factors. The conceptual model presented suggests that for African American youth, (1) HIV/STI risk commonly begins at the structural level and trickles down to the community, social, and individual levels, (2) risk works in a positive feedback system such that downstream effects compound the influence of structural risks, and (3) contextual and individual risk factors must be considered within the advanced stage of the epidemic facing this population. Despite advanced HIV and STI epidemics among heterosexual African American youth, multisystemic interventions that target structural risk factors and their downstream effects are posited to reduce the disparity among this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin E Banks
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University-Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St., LD 124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Devon J Hensel
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tamika C B Zapolski
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University-Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St., LD 124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Bradley ELP, Lanier Y, Ukuku Miller AM, Brawner BM, Sutton MY. Successfully Recruiting Black and Hispanic/Latino Adolescents for Sexually Transmitted Infection and HIV Prevention Research. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2019; 7:36-44. [PMID: 31520322 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-019-00631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Disparities in rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV between Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino adolescents and their white counterparts are well documented. Researchers may encounter notable challenges recruiting Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino adolescents for sexual risk reduction studies. In this article, we present information to assist with planning, implementing, and evaluating recruitment and retention strategies. We also provide practical examples of challenges and solutions from three STI/HIV epidemiologic or prevention intervention studies with different study purposes and populations. Researchers can use this information to aid proposal development, create or refine a recruitment/retention protocol before implementation, and troubleshoot challenges during implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L P Bradley
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS E-45, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
| | - Yzette Lanier
- New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, 433 First Ave, Room 406, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Afekwo M Ukuku Miller
- Department of Health Promotion and Physical Education, Kennesaw State University, 290 Kennesaw State University Road, MD 0301, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Bridgette M Brawner
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, 418 Curie Blvd., Room 419, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4217, USA
| | - Madeline Y Sutton
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS E-45, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
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Brawner BM, Jemmott LS, Wingood G, Lozano AJ, Hanlon AL. Project GOLD: A pilot randomized controlled trial of a novel psychoeducational HIV/STI prevention intervention for heterosexually-active black youth. Res Nurs Health 2019; 42:8-28. [PMID: 30730043 PMCID: PMC6913528 DOI: 10.1002/nur.21930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Black youth account for the largest number of new HIV infections among heterosexual youth. Mental illness and difficulties in emotion regulation contribute to increased reports of HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk-related sexual behaviors in this group. Yet limited interventions exist to address this affective component of the sexual decision-making process. The purpose of this paper was to describe the trial design, research challenges, and baseline characteristics from a study designed to fill this gap. Project GOLD was a pilot randomized controlled trial of a psychoeducational HIV/STI prevention intervention designed to address the role of mental illness and emotion regulation in HIV/STI risk among heterosexually-active Black youth aged 14 to 17 (N = 108). Challenges encountered in the research process warrant further attention in future research (e.g., disagreement among the regulatory bodies on parental permission requirements). The most common mental health diagnoses were Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder (15.7%) and current substance abuse (7.4%). Participants reported higher levels of emotional suppression, and adaptive methods of emotion management, than culturally inappropriate expressions of anger or sadness. They also reported a mean age of 13.6 at first vaginal sex, used condoms 66% of the time for vaginal sex, and had an average of three sexual partners in the past 6 months. More than one-quarter (26.9%) had sex with more than one person in the same day. These findings indicate intervention is crucial for this population. The forthcoming trial evaluation will indicate the promise of such interventions in reducing HIV/STI infections in this key population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette M. Brawner
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Loretta Sweet Jemmott
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gina Wingood
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alicia J. Lozano
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alexandra L. Hanlon
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Brawner BM, Sutton MY. Sexual health research among youth representing minority populations: To waive or not to waive parental consent. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR 2018; 28:544-559. [PMID: 35979388 PMCID: PMC9380446 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2017.1365303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) significantly burden youth aged 13-24 years in the United States. Directly engaging youth in sexual health research is a public health priority and urgently needed to develop targeted, youth-friendly, and culturally relevant HIV/STI prevention interventions. Controversies arise, however, regarding informed assent and consent, parental permission or consent, and the definition of "child"/"minor" as it relates to medical, legal and ethical issues. In this paper, we describe challenges in the human subjects review processes that were undertaken before beginning an HIV/STI prevention research project with sexually active youth in an urban setting. These findings provide important contextual information to facilitate youth sexual health research and care, and Institutional Review Board approval processes with fewer delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette M. Brawner
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Center for Health Equity Research and Center for Global Women’s Health
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Poncin M, Vermeulen N, de Timary P. Distress Response to the Failure to an Insoluble Anagrams Task: Maladaptive Emotion Regulation Strategies in Binge Drinking Students. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1795. [PMID: 29093690 PMCID: PMC5651451 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Emotion regulation refers to the attempt to influence the latency, magnitude, and duration of an emotion, and to modify the experiential, behavioral, or physiological components of the emotional response. In situations of personal failure, individuals, and in particular those who present a tendency to self-focus, may experience intense emotional distress. Individuals who lack proper adaptive emotion regulation strategies may engage in activities leading to immediate pleasure, such as alcohol drinking, in order to escape the self-relevance of emotional experiences. This self-awareness theory of drinking has been shown explain relapses in self-focused alcohol-dependent individuals in situations of personal failure, after detoxification. Such relapses support the existence of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in alcohol dependence. As binge drinking may be considered as an early stage of alcohol-use-disorder, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between emotional distress, self-regulation and self-consciousness in binge drinkers (BD). Methods: Fifty-five students (32 BD and 23 controls) completed different questionnaires related to the self (self-consciousness and self-regulation questionnaires) and were exposed to a situation of self-failure (insoluble anagrams). Results: The distress induced by the anagrams task was more related to self-blame, ruminations and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in BD than in controls. Emotional distress was related to less positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, and adaptive emotion regulation strategies among the control group with less public self-consciousness. Emotional distress was related to more positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, refocusing on planning, and adaptive emotion regulation strategies among control participants with higher public self-consciousness. Low self-conscious BD who experienced anagram distress used less acceptance and less refocusing on planning strategies. Conversely, high self-conscious BD used more refocusing on planning strategies when experiencing anagram distress. Conclusion: This study suggests a relationship between emotional distress and self-regulation, in BD only. Moreover, public self-consciousness appears to be a disposition that motivates non-BD to improve actions and attitudes to meet self-standards. Finally, this study suggests a minor role of self-consciousness in the relationship between self-regulation and emotional distress in BD. Finally, low private/public self-consciousness in the binge drinking group may also be related to more maladaptive emotion regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Poncin
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Fund for Scientific Research (F.R.S.-F.N.R.S.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Vermeulen
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Fund for Scientific Research (F.R.S.-F.N.R.S.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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