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Kim SH, Oh JM, Roh H, Lee KW, Lee JH, Lee WJ. Zinc-Alpha-2-Glycoprotein Peptide Downregulates Type I and III Collagen Expression via Suppression of TGF-β and p-Smad 2/3 Pathway in Keloid Fibroblasts and Rat Incisional Model. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:1079-1092. [PMID: 39105875 PMCID: PMC11416446 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-024-00664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keloids and hypertrophic scars result from abnormal collagen accumulation and the inhibition of its degradation. Although the pathogenesis remains unclear, excessive accumulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is believed to be associated with the TGF-β/SMAD pathway. Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein (ZAG) inhibits TGF-β-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation and impacts skin barrier functions. In this study, we investigated the potential of a small ZAG-derived peptide against hypertrophic scars and keloids. METHODS The study examined cell proliferation and mRNA expression of collagen types I and III in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cell lines and keloid-derived fibroblasts (KF) following ZAG peptide treatment. A rat incisional wound model was used to evaluate the effect of ZAG peptide in scar tissue. RESULTS Significantly lower mRNA levels of collagen types I and III were observed in ZAG-treated fibroblasts, whereas matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 mRNA levels were significantly increased in HDFs and KFs. Furthermore, ZAG peptide significantly reduced protein expression of collagen type I and III, TGF-β1, and p-Smad2/3 complex in KFs. Rat incisional scar models treated with ZAG peptide presented narrower scar areas and reduced immature collagen deposition, along with decreased expression of collagen type I, α-SMA, and p-Smad2/3. CONCLUSION ZAG peptide effectively suppresses the TGF-β and p-Smad2/3 pathway and inhibits excessive cell proliferation during scar formation, suggesting its potential therapeutic implications against keloids and hypertrophic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hyun Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jung Min Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hyun Roh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Kee-Won Lee
- R&D Center, L&C BIO Co., Ltd, 82, Naruteo-Ro, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jai Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
- Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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North HF, Weissleder C, Bitar M, Barry G, Fullerton JM, Webster MJ, Weickert CS. RNA-sequencing suggests extracellular matrix and vasculature dysregulation could impair neurogenesis in schizophrenia cases with elevated inflammation. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:50. [PMID: 38704390 PMCID: PMC11069512 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
A subgroup of schizophrenia cases with elevated inflammation have reduced neurogenesis markers and increased macrophage density in the human subependymal zone (SEZ; also termed subventricular zone or SVZ) neurogenic niche. Inflammation can impair neurogenesis; however, it is unclear which other pathways are associated with reduced neurogenesis. This research aimed to discover transcriptomic differences between inflammatory subgroups of schizophrenia in the SEZ. Total RNA sequencing was performed on SEZ tissue from schizophrenia cases, designated into low inflammation (n = 13) and high inflammation (n = 14) subgroups, based on cluster analysis of inflammation marker gene expression. 718 genes were differentially expressed in high compared to low inflammation schizophrenia (FDR p < 0.05) and were most significantly over-represented in the pathway 'Hepatic Fibrosis/Hepatic Stellate-Cell Activation'. Genes in this pathway relate to extracellular matrix stability (including ten collagens) and vascular remodelling suggesting increased angiogenesis. Collagen-IV, a key element of the basement membrane and fractones, had elevated gene expression. Immunohistochemistry revealed novel collagen-IV+ fractone bulbs within the human SEZ hypocellular gap. Considering the extracellular matrix's regulatory role in SEZ neurogenesis, fibrosis-related alterations in high inflammation schizophrenia may disrupt neurogenesis. Increased angiogenesis could facilitate immune cell transmigration, potentially explaining elevated macrophages in high inflammation schizophrenia. This discovery-driven analysis sheds light on how inflammation may contribute to schizophrenia neuropathology in the neurogenic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley F North
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christin Weissleder
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Mechanism and therapy for genetic brain diseases, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | | | - Guy Barry
- OncoLife Therapeutics, Yeronga, QLD, Australia
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maree J Webster
- Laboratory of Brain Research, Stanley Medical Research Institute, 9800, Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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Bansal R, Torres M, Hunt M, Wang N, Chatzopoulou M, Manchanda M, Taddeo EP, Shu C, Shirihai OS, Bachar-Wikstrom E, Wikstrom JD. Role of the mitochondrial protein cyclophilin D in skin wound healing and collagen secretion. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e169213. [PMID: 38564292 PMCID: PMC11141914 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Central for wound healing is the formation of granulation tissue, which largely consists of collagen and whose importance stretches past wound healing, including being implicated in both fibrosis and skin aging. Cyclophilin D (CyD) is a mitochondrial protein that regulates the permeability transition pore, known for its role in apoptosis and ischemia-reperfusion. To date, the role of CyD in human wound healing and collagen generation has been largely unexplored. Here, we show that CyD was upregulated in normal wounds and venous ulcers, likely adaptive as CyD inhibition impaired reepithelialization, granulation tissue formation, and wound closure in both human and pig models. Overexpression of CyD increased keratinocyte migration and fibroblast proliferation, while its inhibition reduced migration. Independent of wound healing, CyD inhibition in fibroblasts reduced collagen secretion and caused endoplasmic reticulum collagen accumulation, while its overexpression increased collagen secretion. This was confirmed in a Ppif-KO mouse model, which showed a reduction in skin collagen. Overall, this study revealed previously unreported roles of CyD in skin, with implications for wound healing and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Bansal
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monica Torres
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew Hunt
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nuoqi Wang
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margarita Chatzopoulou
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mansi Manchanda
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evan P. Taddeo
- Metabolism Theme
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, and
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cynthia Shu
- Metabolism Theme
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, and
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Orian S. Shirihai
- Metabolism Theme
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, and
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Etty Bachar-Wikstrom
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob D. Wikstrom
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chen R, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Chen J. Identification and expression analysis of Oxfibrillin gene involved in the regeneration process of Ophryotrocha xiamen (Annelida, Dorcilleidae). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:105102. [PMID: 37995918 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of lost body parts is a widespread phenomenon across annelids. However, the molecular inducers of the cell sources for this reparative morphogenesis have not been identified. We have identified a regeneration-related gene Oxfibrillin from the transcriptome analysis of a polychaeta, Ophryotrocha xiamen, which is found to be a well-suited model to study the mechanisms of regeneration. Fibrillins are large glycoproteins that assemble to form the microfibrils and regulate growth factors or other transfer processes. Here, we obtained the 31,274 bp genomic DNA sequences of Oxfibrillin. The coding sequence length was 5784 bp encoding 1927 amino acids with a VWD domain, EGF/cb-EGF domains, a TR domain, and a transmembrane domain. Oxfibrillin was positioned within the subgroup of invertebrates and showed low scores for homology to mammalian fibrillin. In gene expression analysis, Oxfibrillin genes were constantly upregulated during the early regeneration process and then remained stable until the formation of the complete tail which indicated that it might be a vital factor to affect posterior regeneration process. Therefore, the Oxfibrillin of O. xiamen might play important roles in the regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruanni Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yunying Cheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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Wang J, Guo R, Ma X, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zheng N, Zhang J, Li C. Liraglutide inhibits AngII-induced cardiac fibroblast proliferation and ECM deposition through regulating miR-21/PTEN/PI3K pathway. Cell Tissue Bank 2023; 24:125-137. [PMID: 35792987 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-10021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac fibrosis characterized with the aberrant proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition is a major pathophysiological feature of atrial fibrillation (AF). Liraglutide has exerted an alleviative role in various cardiovascular diseases, and can also regulate the level of microRNAs (miRNAs). It has been reported that miR-21 modulated cardiac fibrosis in AF. However, the regulative effect of liraglutide on atrial fibrosis via miR-21 and the underlying mechanism are still unclear. METHODS The atrial fibroblasts were isolated from the heart of C57BL/6 mice, and treated with Angiotensin II (AngII) and liraglutide. The proliferation, migration, and ECM deposition were determined by cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Brdu, transwell assay, cell scratch, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot and immunofluorescence. The underlying mechanism was explored after transfection of miR-21 mimics into cells. RESULTS Liraglutide inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion of fibroblast cell and ECM deposition in AngII-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts. Additionally, liraglutide decreased the AngII-induced increase in the expression level of miR-21, but enhanced the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a target of miR-21, thereby suppressing the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway. Rescue assay confirmed that overexpression of miR-21 counteracted the ameliorative effect of liraglutide on the proliferation, migration, invasion and ECM deposition in fibroblasts stimulated by AngII. CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide dampened AngII-induced proliferation and migration, and ECM deposition of cardiac fibroblast via modulating miR-21/PTEN/PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China.
| | - Run Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
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6
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Yang L, Yue W, Zhang H, Gao Y, Yang L, Li L. The role of roof plate-specific spondins in liver homeostasis and disease. LIVER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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7
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Curran CS, Kopp JB. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Mechanisms Affecting Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:782199. [PMID: 35237156 PMCID: PMC8882872 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.782199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that binds diverse endogenous and xenobiotic ligands, which regulate AHR stability, transcriptional activity, and cell signaling. AHR activity is strongly implicated throughout the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many diverse organic molecules bind and activate AHR and these ligands are reported to either promote glomerular and tubular damage or protect against kidney injury. AHR crosstalk with estrogen, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and NF-κB pathways may contribute to the diversity of AHR responses during the various forms and stages of CKD. The roles of AHR in kidney fibrosis, metabolism and the renin angiotensin system are described to offer insight into CKD pathogenesis and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S. Curran
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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8
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Alt E, Rothoerl R, Hoppert M, Frank HG, Wuerfel T, Alt C, Schmitz C. First immunohistochemical evidence of human tendon repair following stem cell injection: A case report and review of literature. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:944-970. [PMID: 34367486 PMCID: PMC8316863 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i7.944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current clinical treatment options for symptomatic, partial-thickness rotator cuff tear (sPTRCT) offer only limited potential for true tissue healing and improvement of clinical results. In animal models, injections of adult stem cells isolated from adipose tissue into tendon injuries evidenced histological regeneration of tendon tissue. However, it is unclear whether such beneficial effects could also be observed in a human tendon treated with fresh, uncultured, autologous, adipose derived regenerative cells (UA-ADRCs). A specific challenge in this regard is that UA-ADRCs cannot be labeled and, thus, not unequivocally identified in the host tissue. Therefore, histological regeneration of injured human tendons after injection of UA-ADRCs must be assessed using comprehensive, immunohistochemical and microscopic analysis of biopsies taken from the treated tendon a few weeks after injection of UA-ADRCs.
CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old patient suffered from sPTRCT affecting the right supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon, caused by a bicycle accident. On day 18 post injury [day 16 post magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination] approximately 100 g of abdominal adipose tissue was harvested by liposuction, from which approximately 75 × 106 UA-ADRCs were isolated within 2 h. Then, UA-ADRCs were injected (controlled by biplanar X-ray imaging) adjacent to the injured supraspinatus tendon immediately after isolation. Despite fast clinical recovery, a follow-up MRI examination 2.5 mo post treatment indicated the need for open revision of the injured infraspinatus tendon, which had not been treated with UA-ADRCs. During this operation, a biopsy was taken from the supraspinatus tendon at the position of the injury. A comprehensive, immunohistochemical and microscopic analysis of the biopsy (comprising 13 antibodies) was indicative of newly formed tendon tissue.
CONCLUSION Injection of UA-ADRCs can result in regeneration of injured human tendons by formation of new tendon tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard Alt
- Chairman of the Board, Isarklinikum Munich, Munich 80331, Germany
| | - Ralf Rothoerl
- Department of Spine Surgery, Isarklinikum Munich, Munich 80331, Germany
| | - Matthias Hoppert
- Department for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Isarklinikum Munich, Munich 80331, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Frank
- Chair of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Tobias Wuerfel
- Chair of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Christopher Alt
- Director of Science and Research, InGeneron GmbH, Munich 80331, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmitz
- Chair of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
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Perkins TN, Oury TD. The perplexing role of RAGE in pulmonary fibrosis: causality or casualty? Ther Adv Respir Dis 2021; 15:17534666211016071. [PMID: 34275342 PMCID: PMC8293846 DOI: 10.1177/17534666211016071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease in which most patients die within 3 years of diagnosis. With an unknown etiology, IPF results in progressive fibrosis of the lung parenchyma, diminishing normal lung function, which results in respiratory failure, and eventually, death. While few therapies are available to reduce disease progression, patients continue to advance toward respiratory failure, leaving lung transplantation the only viable option for survival. As incidence and mortality rates steadily increase, the need for novel therapeutics is imperative. The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is most highly expressed in the lungs and plays a significant role in a number of chronic lung diseases. RAGE has long been linked to IPF; however, confounding data from both human and experimental studies have left an incomplete and perplexing story. This review examines the present understanding of the role of RAGE in human and experimental models of IPF, drawing parallels to recent advances in RAGE biology. Moreover, this review discusses the role of RAGE in lung injury response, type 2 immunity, and cellular senescence, and how such mechanisms may relate to RAGE as both a biomarker of disease progression and potential therapeutic target in IPF.The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N Perkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, S-784 Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Tim D Oury
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Belmesk L, Muntyanu A, Cantin E, AlHalees Z, Jack CS, Le M, Sasseville D, Iannattone L, Ben-Shoshan M, Litvinov IV, Netchiporouk E. Prominent Role of Type 2 Immunity in Skin Diseases-Beyond Atopic Dermatitis. J Cutan Med Surg 2021; 26:33-49. [PMID: 34261335 DOI: 10.1177/12034754211027858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity, illustrated by T helper 2 lymphocytes (Th2) and downstream cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-31) as well as group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), is important in host defense and wound healing.1 The hallmark of type 2 inflammation is eosinophilia and/or high IgE counts and is best recognized in atopic diathesis. Persistent eosinophilia, such as seen in hypereosinophilic syndromes, leads to fibrosis and hence therapeutic Type 2 inhibition in fibrotic diseases is of high interest. Furthermore, as demonstrated in cutaneous T cell lymphoma, advanced disease is characterized by Th1 to Th2 switch allowing cancer progression and immunosuppression. Development of targeted monoclonal antibodies against IL-4Rα (eg, dupilumab) led to a paradigm shift for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) and stimulated research to better understand the role of Type 2 inflammation in other skin conditions. In this review, we summarize up to date knowledge on the role of Type 2 inflammation in skin diseases other than AD and highlight whether the use of Type 2 targeted therapies has been documented or is being investigated in clinical trials. This manuscript reviews the role of Type 2 inflammation in dermatitis, neurodermatitis, IgE-mediated dermatoses (eg, bullous pemphigoid, chronic spontaneous urticaria), sclerodermoid conditions and skin neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anastasiya Muntyanu
- 544735620507266 Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Zeinah AlHalees
- 544735620507266 Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carolyn S Jack
- 544735620507266 Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michelle Le
- 544735620507266 Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Sasseville
- 544735620507266 Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lisa Iannattone
- 60301 Division of Dermatology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Moshe Ben-Shoshan
- Division of Pediatric Allergy Immunology and Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ivan V Litvinov
- 544735620507266 Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elena Netchiporouk
- 544735620507266 Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Hou S, Diez J, Wang C, Becker-Pauly C, Fields GB, Bannister T, Spicer TP, Scampavia LD, Minond D. Discovery and Optimization of Selective Inhibitors of Meprin α (Part I). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030203. [PMID: 33671080 PMCID: PMC8000592 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Meprin α and β are zinc-dependent proteinases implicated in multiple diseases including cancers, fibrosis, and Alzheimer’s. However, until recently, only a few inhibitors of either meprin were reported and no inhibitors are in preclinical development. Moreover, inhibitors of other metzincins developed in previous years are not effective in inhibiting meprins suggesting the need for de novo discovery effort. To address the paucity of tractable meprin inhibitors we developed ultrahigh-throughput assays and conducted parallel screening of >650,000 compounds against each meprin. As a result of this effort, we identified five selective meprin α hits belonging to three different chemotypes (triazole-hydroxyacetamides, sulfonamide-hydroxypropanamides, and phenoxy-hydroxyacetamides). These hits demonstrated a nanomolar to micromolar inhibitory activity against meprin α with low cytotoxicity and >30-fold selectivity against meprin β and other related metzincincs. These selective inhibitors of meprin α provide a good starting point for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Hou
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Molecular Screening Center, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (S.H.); (C.W.); (T.B.); (T.P.S.); (L.D.S.)
| | - Juan Diez
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, 3321 College Avenue, CCR r.605, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA;
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Molecular Screening Center, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (S.H.); (C.W.); (T.B.); (T.P.S.); (L.D.S.)
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Rudolf-Höber-Str.1, 24118 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Gregg B. Fields
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and I-HEALTH, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA;
| | - Thomas Bannister
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Molecular Screening Center, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (S.H.); (C.W.); (T.B.); (T.P.S.); (L.D.S.)
| | - Timothy P. Spicer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Molecular Screening Center, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (S.H.); (C.W.); (T.B.); (T.P.S.); (L.D.S.)
| | - Louis D. Scampavia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Molecular Screening Center, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (S.H.); (C.W.); (T.B.); (T.P.S.); (L.D.S.)
| | - Dmitriy Minond
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, 3321 College Avenue, CCR r.605, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA;
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Bozhokin MS, Sopova YV, Kachkin DV, Rubel AA, Khotin MG. Mechanisms of TGFβ3 Action as a Therapeutic Agent for Promoting the Synthesis of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Hyaline Cartilage. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:436-447. [PMID: 32569551 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hyaline cartilage is a nonvascular connective tissue covering the joint surface. It consists mostly of the extracellular matrix proteins and a small number of highly differentiated chondrocytes. At present, various techniques for repairing joint surfaces damage, for example, the use of modified cell cultures and biodegradable scaffolds, are under investigation. Molecular mechanisms of cartilage tissue proliferation have been also actively studied in recent years. TGFβ3, which plays a critical role in the proliferation of normal cartilage tissue, is one of the most important protein among cytokines and growth factors affecting chondrogenesis. By interacting directly with receptors on the cell membrane surface, TGFβ3 triggers a cascade of molecular interactions involving transcription factor Sox9. In this review, we describe the effects of TGFβ3 on the receptor complex activation and subsequent intracellular trafficking of Smad proteins and analyze the relation between these processes and upregulation of expression of major extracellular matrix genes, such as col2a1 and acan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Bozhokin
- Vreden Russian Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, St. Petersburg, 195427, Russia. .,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Y V Sopova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg Branch, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,St. Petersburg State University, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,St. Petersburg State University, Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - D V Kachkin
- St. Petersburg State University, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,St. Petersburg State University, Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - A A Rubel
- St. Petersburg State University, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,St. Petersburg State University, Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - M G Khotin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
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13
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Nguyen JK, Austin E, Huang A, Mamalis A, Jagdeo J. The IL-4/IL-13 axis in skin fibrosis and scarring: mechanistic concepts and therapeutic targets. Arch Dermatol Res 2020; 312:81-92. [PMID: 31493000 PMCID: PMC7008089 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skin fibrosis, characterized by excessive fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition in the dermis, is the histopathologic hallmark of dermatologic diseases such as systemic sclerosis, hypertrophic scars, and keloids. Effective anti-scarring therapeutics remain an unmet need, underscoring the complex pathophysiologic mechanisms of skin fibrosis. The Th2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 have been implicated as key mediators in the pathogenesis of fibroproliferative disorders. The goal of this article is to summarize the current understanding of the role of the IL-4/IL-13 axis in wound healing and skin fibrosis. We conducted a literature search to identify research studies investigating the roles of IL-4 and IL-13 in fibrotic skin diseases. While transforming growth factor-beta has long been regarded as the main driver of fibrotic processes, research into the cellular and molecular biology of wound healing has revealed other pathways that promote scar tissue formation. IL-4 and IL-13 are important mediators of skin fibrosis, supported by evidence from in vitro data, animal models of fibrosis, and clinical studies. Overactive signaling of the IL-4/IL-13 axis contributes to the initiation and perpetuation of fibrotic skin diseases. Further insights into the IL-4/IL-13 axis may reveal potential targets for the development of novel therapies that prevent or treat fibrotic skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue MSC 46, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Evan Austin
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue MSC 46, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Alisen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue MSC 46, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Andrew Mamalis
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue MSC 46, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Jared Jagdeo
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue MSC 46, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
- Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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14
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Zhao Z, Lin CY, Cheng K. siRNA- and miRNA-based therapeutics for liver fibrosis. Transl Res 2019; 214:17-29. [PMID: 31476281 PMCID: PMC6848786 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing process induced by chronic liver injuries, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and metal poisoning. The accumulation of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) in the liver is a key characteristic of liver fibrosis. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major producers of ECM and therefore play irreplaceably important roles during the progression of liver fibrosis. Liver fibrogenesis is highly correlated with the activation of HSCs, which is regulated by numerous profibrotic cytokines. Using RNA interference to downregulate these cytokines in activated HSCs is a promising strategy to reverse liver fibrosis. Meanwhile, microRNAs (miRNAs) have also been exploited for the treatment of liver fibrosis. This review focuses on the current siRNA- and miRNA-based liver fibrosis treatment strategies by targeting activated HSCs in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.
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15
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The Regulatory Role of MicroRNA in Hepatitis-B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HBV-HCC) Pathogenesis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121504. [PMID: 31771261 PMCID: PMC6953055 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) is an intractable public health problem in developing countries that is compounded by limited early detection and therapeutic options. Despite the early promise of utilizing the regulatory role of miRNA in liver cancer, this field remains largely in the work-in-progress phase. This exploratory review paper adopts a broad focus in order to collate evidence of the regulatory role of miRNA in each stage of the HBV-HCC continuum. This includes the regulatory role of miRNA in early HBV infection, chronic inflammation, fibrosis/cirrhosis, and the onset of HCC. The paper specifically investigates HBV dysregulated miRNA that influence the expression of the host/HBV genome in HBV-HCC pathogenesis and fully acknowledges that this does not cover the full spectrum of dysregulated miRNA. The sheer number of dysregulated miRNA in each phase support a hypothesis that future therapeutic interventions will need to consider incorporating multiple miRNA panels.
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16
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Hasan KM, Friedman TC, Shao X, Parveen M, Sims C, Lee DL, Espinoza-Derout J, Sinha-Hikim I, Sinha-Hikim AP. E-cigarettes and Western Diet: Important Metabolic Risk Factors for Hepatic Diseases. Hepatology 2019; 69:2442-2454. [PMID: 30664268 PMCID: PMC6636679 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also known as e-cigarettes, with a variety of e-liquids/e-juices, is increasing at an alarming rate among adolescents who do not realize the potential harmful health effects. This study examines the harmful effects of ENDS on the liver. Apolipoprotein E null (ApoE-/-) mice on a western diet (WD) were exposed to saline or ENDS with 2.4% nicotine aerosol for 12 weeks using our mouse ENDS exposure model system, which delivers nicotine to mice and leads to equivalent serum cotinine levels found in human cigarette users. ApoE-/- mice on a WD exposed to ENDS exhibited a marked increase in hepatic lipid accumulation compared with ApoE-/- on a similar diet exposed to saline aerosol. The detrimental effects of ENDS on hepatic steatosis were associated with significantly greater oxidative stress, increased hepatic triglyceride levels, and increased hepatocyte apoptosis, independent of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling. In addition, hepatic RNA sequencing analysis revealed that 433 genes were differentially expressed in ENDS-exposed mice on WD compared with saline-exposed mice. Functional analysis indicates that genes associated with lipid metabolism, cholesterol biosynthesis, and circadian rhythm were most significantly altered in the liver in response to ENDS. Conclusion: These results demonstrate profound adverse effects of ENDS on the liver. This is important information for regulatory agencies as they regulate ENDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamrul M. Hasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059
| | - Theodore C Friedman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059,,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Xuesi Shao
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059,,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Meher Parveen
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059
| | - Carl Sims
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059
| | - Desean L. Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059
| | - Jorge Espinoza-Derout
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059
| | - Indrani Sinha-Hikim
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059,,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Amiya P. Sinha-Hikim
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059,,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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17
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Houthuijzen JM, Jonkers J. Cancer-associated fibroblasts as key regulators of the breast cancer tumor microenvironment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 37:577-597. [PMID: 30465162 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9768-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells exist in close proximity with non-malignant cells. Extensive and multilayered crosstalk between tumor cells and stromal cells tailors the tumor microenvironment (TME) to support survival, growth, and metastasis. Fibroblasts are one of the largest populations of non-malignant host cells that can be found within the TME of breast, pancreatic, and prostate tumors. Substantial scientific evidence has shown that these cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are not only associated with tumors by proximity but are also actively recruited to developing tumors where they can influence other cells of the TME as well as influencing tumor cell survival and metastasis. This review discusses the impact of CAFs on breast cancer biology and highlights their heterogeneity, origin and their role in tumor progression, ECM remodeling, therapy resistance, metastasis, and the challenges ahead of targeting CAFs to improve therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Houthuijzen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J Jonkers
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and related molecules in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:287-313. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20180438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Ricard-Blum S, Baffet G, Théret N. Molecular and tissue alterations of collagens in fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:122-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Wu X, Hu L, Li Y, Li Y, Wang F, Ma P, Wang J, Zhang C, Jiang C, Wang S. SCAPs Regulate Differentiation of DFSCs During Tooth Root Development in Swine. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:291-299. [PMID: 29511365 PMCID: PMC5835700 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.22495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tooth root transmits and balances occlusal forces through the periodontium to the alveolar bone. The periodontium, including the gingiva, the periodontal ligament, the cementum and the partial alveolar bone, derives from the dental follicle (DF), except for the gingiva. In the early developmental stages, the DF surrounds the tooth germ as a sphere and functions to promote tooth eruption. However, the morphological dynamics and factors regulating the differentiation of the DF during root elongation remain largely unknown. Miniature pigs are regarded as a useful experimental animal for modeling in craniofacial research because they are similar to humans with respect to dentition and mandible anatomy. In the present study, we used the third deciduous incisor of miniature pig as the model to investigate the factors influencing DF differentiation during root development. We found that the DF was shaped like a crescent and was located between the root apical and the alveolar bone. The expression levels of WNT5a, β-Catenin, and COL-I gradually increased from the center of the DF (beneath the apical foramen) to the lateral coronal corner, where the DF differentiates into the periodontium. To determine the potential regulatory role of the apical papilla on DF cell differentiation, we co-cultured dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) with stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAPs). The osteogenesis and fibrogenesis abilities of DFSCs were inhibited when being co-cultured with SCAPs, suggesting that the fate of the DF can be regulated by signals from the apical papilla. The apical papilla may sustain the undifferentiated status of DFSCs before root development finishes. These data yield insight into the interaction between the root apex and surrounding DF tissues in root and periodontium development and shed light on the future study of root regeneration in large mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University.,Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Fu Wang
- Department of Oral Basic Science, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Canhua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Songlin Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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21
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Yang Y, Kim HJ, Woo KJ, Cho D, Bang SI. Lipo-PGE1 suppresses collagen production in human dermal fibroblasts via the ERK/Ets-1 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28644845 PMCID: PMC5482458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of collagen production contributes to various pathological processes, including tissue fibrosis as well as impaired wound healing. Lipo-prostaglandin E1 (Lipo-PGE1), a lipid microsphere-incorporated prostaglandin E1, is used as a vasodilator for the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases. Lipo-PGE1 was recently shown to enhance human dermal fibroblast (HDF) migration and in vivo wound healing. No published study has characterized the role of Lipo-PGE1 in collagen regulation in HDFs. Here, we investigated the cellular signaling mechanism by which Lipo-PGE1 regulates collagen in HDFs. Collagen production was evaluated by the Sircol collagen assay, Western blot analysis of type I collagen and real time PCR. Unexpectedly, Lipo-PGE1 decreased mRNA expression of collagen 1A1, 1A2, and 3A1. Lipo-PGE1 markedly inhibited type I collagen and total soluble collagen production. In addition, Lipo-PGE1 inhibited transforming growth factor-β-induced collagen expression via Smad2 phosphorylation. To further investigate whether extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/Ets-1 signaling, a crucial pathway in collagen regulation, is involved in Lipo-PGE1-inhibited collagen production, cells were pretreated with an ERK-specific inhibitor, PD98059, prior to the addition of Lipo-PGE1. Lipo-PGE1-inhibited collagen mRNA expression and total soluble collagen production were recovered by pretreatment with PD98059. Moreover, Lipo-PGE1 directly induced the phosphorylation of ERK. Furthermore, silencing of Ets-1 recovered Lipo-PGE1-inhibited collagen production and PD98059 blocked Lipo-PGE1-enhanced Ets-1 expression. The present study reveals an important role for Lipo-PGE1 as a negative regulator of collagen gene expression and production via ERK/Ets-1 signaling. These results suggest that Lipo-PGE1 could potentially be a therapeutic target in diseases with deregulated collagen turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoolhee Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Kim
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong-Je Woo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daeho Cho
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sa Ik Bang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Mattyasovszky SG, Mausbach S, Ritz U, Langendorf E, Wollstädter J, Baranowski A, Drees P, Rommens PM, Hofmann A. Influence of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 on human joint capsule myofibroblasts. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1290-1298. [PMID: 27504740 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic joint contracture was reported to be associated with elevated numbers of contractile myofibroblasts (MFs) in the healing capsule. During the physiological healing process, the number of MFs declines; however, in fibroconnective disorders, MFs persist. The manifold interaction of the cytokines regulating the appearance and persistence of MFs in the pathogenesis of joint contracture remains to be elucidated. The objective of our current study was to analyze the impact of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 on functional behavior of MFs. Cells were isolated from human joint capsule specimens and challenged with three different concentrations of IL-4 with or without its neutralizing antibody. MF viability, contractile properties, and the gene expression of both alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type I were examined. Immunofluorescence staining revealed the presence of IL-4 receptor (R)-alpha (α) on the membrane of cultured MFs. The cytokine IL-4 promoted MF viability and enhanced MF modulated contraction of collagen gels. Moreover, IL-4 intervened in gene expression by up-regulation of α-SMA and collagen type I mRNA. These effects could be specifically lowered by the neutralizing IL-4 antibody. On the basis of our findings we conclude that the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 specifically regulates viability and the contractile properties of MFs via up-regulating the gene expression of α-SMA and collagen type I. IL-4 may be a helpful target in developing anti-fibrotic therapeutics for post-traumatic joint contracture in human. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1290-1298, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G Mattyasovszky
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mausbach
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ritz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Langendorf
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochen Wollstädter
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Baranowski
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Phillipp Drees
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pol Maria Rommens
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Hofmann
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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23
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Ibrahim ZA, El-Ashmawy AA, Shora OA. Therapeutic effect of microneedling and autologous platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of atrophic scars: A randomized study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2017; 16:388-399. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab A. Ibrahim
- Department of Dermatology & Venereology; Faculty of Medicine; Tanta University; Tanta Egypt
| | - Amal A. El-Ashmawy
- Department of Dermatology & Venereology; Faculty of Medicine; Tanta University; Tanta Egypt
| | - Ola A. Shora
- Department of Clinical Pathology; Faculty of Medicine; Tanta University; Tanta Egypt
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24
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Meprin metalloproteases: Molecular regulation and function in inflammation and fibrosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2096-2104. [PMID: 28502593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The zinc-endopeptidases meprin α and meprin β are extracellular proteases involved in connective tissue homeostasis, intestinal barrier function and immunological processes. Meprins are unique among other extracellular proteases with regard to cleavage specificity and structure. Meprin α and meprin β have a strong preference for negatively charged amino acids around the scissile bond, reflected by cleavage sites identified in procollagen I, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R). In this review we report on recent findings that summarize the complex molecular regulation of meprins, particular folding, activation and shedding. Dysregulation of meprin α and meprin β is often associated with pathological conditions such as neurodegeneration, inflammatory bowel disease and fibrosis. Based on mouse models and patient data we suggest meprins as possible key regulators in the onset and progression of fibrotic disorders, leading to severe diseases such as pulmonary hypertension. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis as a Regulatory Event in Pathophysiology edited by Stefan Rose-John.
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25
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Zhao D, Wang Y, Du C, Shan S, Zhang Y, Du Z, Han D. Honokiol Alleviates Hypertrophic Scar by Targeting Transforming Growth Factor-β/Smad2/3 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:206. [PMID: 28469575 PMCID: PMC5395562 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HPS) presents as excessive extracellular matrix deposition and abnormal function of fibroblasts. However, there is no single satisfactory method to prevent HPS formation so far. Here, we found that honokiol (HKL), a natural compound isolated from Magnolia tree, had an inhibitory effect on HPS both in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, HKL could dose-dependently down-regulate the mRNA and protein levels of type I collagen, type III collagen, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts (HSFs). Secondly, HKL suppressed the proliferation, migration abilities of HSFs and inhibited HSFs activation to myofibroblasts, but had no effect on cell apoptosis. Besides, the in vivo rabbit ear scar model further affirmed the inhibitory effects of HKL on collagen deposition, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and α-SMA. Finally, Western blot results showed that HKL reduced the phosphorylation status of Smad2/3, as well as affected the protein levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase1. Taken together, this study demonstrated that HKL alleviated HPS by suppressing fibrosis-related molecules and inhibiting HSFs proliferation, migration as well as activation to myofibroblasts via Smad-dependent pathway. Therefore, HKL could be used as a potential agent for treating HPS and other fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Chao Du
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Shengzhou Shan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Zijing Du
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
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Coentro JQ, Capella-Monsonís H, Graceffa V, Wu Z, Mullen AM, Raghunath M, Zeugolis DI. Collagen Quantification in Tissue Specimens. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1627:341-350. [PMID: 28836212 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7113-8_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is the major extracellular protein in mammals. Accurate quantification of collagen is essential in the biomaterials (e.g., reproducible collagen scaffold fabrication), drug discovery (e.g., assessment of collagen in pathophysiologies, such as fibrosis), and tissue engineering (e.g., quantification of cell-synthesized collagen) fields. Although measuring hydroxyproline content is the most widely used method to quantify collagen in biological specimens, the process is very laborious. To this end, the Sircol™ Collagen Assay is widely used due to its inherent simplicity and convenience. However, this method leads to overestimation of collagen content due to the interaction of Sirius red with basic amino acids of non-collagenous proteins. Herein, we describe the addition of an ultrafiltration purification step in the process to accurately determine collagen content in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Quintas Coentro
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Héctor Capella-Monsonís
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Valeria Graceffa
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Zhuning Wu
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Michael Raghunath
- Centre for Cell Biology & Tissue Engineering, Competence Centre Tissue Engineering for Drug Development (TEDD), Department Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology (ICBT), Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Atanelishvili I, Shirai Y, Akter T, Noguchi A, Ash KT, Misra S, Ghatak S, Silver RM, Bogatkevich GS. D1398G Variant of MET Is Associated with Impaired Signaling of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Alveolar Epithelial Cells and Lung Fibroblasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162357. [PMID: 27584154 PMCID: PMC5008815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis represents the terminal stage of a diverse group of lung diseases including scleroderma associated interstitial lung disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis are not well understood and there is a great need for more effective treatment for this lethal disease. We recently discovered a small fragment of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor MET as a peptide designated “M10,” with strong antifibrotic properties. Furthermore, we showed that aspartic acid at position 1398 of MET is essential for M10 generation. The current study was undertaken to investigate the D1398G variant of MET in which aspartic acid at position 1398 was mutated to glycine resulting in loss of M10. We demonstrate that lung fibroblasts, A549, and primary alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) expressing D1398G MET exhibit reduced auto-phosphorylation on tyrosine residues and reduced activation of Ras and MAPK. HGF treatment of scleroderma lung fibroblasts as well as HGF treatment of TGFβ-treated normal lung fibroblasts transfected with wild type MET is associated with decreased collagen, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, CCN2) and smooth muscle α-actin (SMA). However, HGF has no such effects in cells transfected with MET D1398G. Cisplatin- and FasL-induced apoptosis is significantly reduced in AEC transfected with MET wild type, but not in AEC transfected with MET D1398G. We conclude that the D1398G variant of MET is associated with compromised phosphorylation and impaired HGF signaling in lung fibroblasts and AEC, two cell types implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis associated with scleroderma. Ongoing studies will explore the frequency of this variant and its relationship to pulmonary outcomes in scleroderma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Atanelishvili
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yuichiro Shirai
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tanjina Akter
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Noguchi
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kurt T. Ash
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Suniti Misra
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sibnath Ghatak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Silver
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Galina S. Bogatkevich
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wang P, Liu X, Xu P, Lu J, Wang R, Mu W. Decorin reduces hypertrophic scarring through inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in a rat osteomyelitis model. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2102-2108. [PMID: 27698699 PMCID: PMC5038452 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic osteomyelitis is a bone infection that results in hypertrophic scarring of the soft tissue surrounding the infected bone. This scarring can create functional problems and its treatment is challenging. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of decorin in treating scar formation in osteomyelitis and the underlying mechanism of its action. A rat osteomyelitis model was used, and animals were divided into three groups, as follows: Group A (control), group B (osteomyelitis model) and group C (decorin-treated). X-ray scans, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Masson's trichrome staining were performed to observe changes in femur and muscle tissue. In order to assess the role of the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling pathway in scar formation in osteomyelitis, alterations in muscle tissue morphology and in the activation of key members of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway were investigated in groups A and B. According to the results of H&E staining, evident fibrosis in muscle tissue were observed at days 14 and 28 in group B. Simultaneously, the expression levels of key members of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway were increased. Subsequent to treatment with decorin in group C, scarring was reduced, and significant downregulation of collagen I, TGF-β1, phosphorylated (p)Smad2 and pSmad3 protein expression levels was observed at days 14 and 28 compared with the osteomyelitis group. In conclusion, these results suggest that activation of TGF-β1 may serve an important role in the formation of scars in osteomyelitis and that decorin can reduce scar formation in an osteomyelitis rat model through inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Department of Orthopaedics, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jialiang Lu
- Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Runze Wang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Mu
- Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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29
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Yang Z, Sun Z, Liu H, Ren Y, Shao D, Zhang W, Lin J, Wolfram J, Wang F, Nie S. Connective tissue growth factor stimulates the proliferation, migration and differentiation of lung fibroblasts during paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1091-7. [PMID: 25815693 PMCID: PMC4438944 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that paraquat (PQ) poisoning can cause severe lung injury during the early stages of exposure, finally leading to irreversible pulmonary fibrosis. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is an essential growth factor that is involved in tissue repair and pulmonary fibrogenesis. In the present study, the role of CTGF was examined in a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by PQ poisoning. Histological examination revealed interstitial edema and extensive cellular thickening of interalveolar septa at the early stages of poisoning. At 2 weeks after PQ administration, lung tissue sections exhibited a marked thickening of the alveolar walls with an accumulation of interstitial cells with a fibroblastic appearance. Masson’s trichrome staining revealed a patchy distribution of collagen deposition, indicating pulmonary fibrogenesis. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining of tissue samples demonstrated that CTGF expression was significantly upregulated in the PQ-treated group. Similarly, PQ treatment of MRC-5 human lung fibroblast cells caused an increase in CTGF in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the addition of CTGF to MRC-5 cells triggered cellular proliferation and migration. In addition, CTGF induced the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, as was evident from increased expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen. These findings demonstrate that PQ causes increased CTGF expression, which triggers proliferation, migration and differentiation of lung fibroblasts. Therefore, CTGF may be important in PQ-induced pulmonary fibrogenesis, rendering this growth factor a potential pharmacological target for reducing lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhou Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Zhaorui Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Danbing Shao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Joy Wolfram
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedial Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Shinan Nie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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30
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Xiong C, Liu N, Fang L, Zhuang S, Yan H. Suramin inhibits the development and progression of peritoneal fibrosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:373-82. [PMID: 25168661 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.215228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is one of the most serious complications in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and is associated with the loss of peritoneal membrane ultrafiltration function. In this study, we investigated whether suramin, an inhibitor that blocks multiple growth factors by binding to their receptors, would prevent development of peritoneal fibrosis in a rat model. Rats were given a daily intraperitoneal injection of chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) for 3 weeks to induce peritoneal fibrosis. Administration of suramin at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg dose-dependently attenuated peritoneal membrane thickening and expression of collagen I, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin. Increased expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and phosphorylation of Smad3 was detected in fibrotic peritoneum and inhibited by suramin treatment. Suramin was also effective in blocking CG-induced phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB (IκB) and nuclear factor (NF)-κBp65, expression of several inflammatory cytokines, and infiltration of macrophages in the peritoneum. Moreover, suramin suppressed angiogenesis and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, a molecule associated with angiogenesis in the injured peritoneum. Therefore, our results indicate that suramin treatment can effectively alleviate the development of peritoneal fibrosis by suppression of TGF-β1 signaling, inflammation, and angiogenesis, and suggest that suramin may have therapeutic potential for prevention of peritoneal fibrosis in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxiang Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.X., N.L., L.F., S.Z., H.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island (S.Z.)
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.X., N.L., L.F., S.Z., H.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island (S.Z.)
| | - Lu Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.X., N.L., L.F., S.Z., H.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island (S.Z.)
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.X., N.L., L.F., S.Z., H.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island (S.Z.)
| | - Haidong Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.X., N.L., L.F., S.Z., H.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island (S.Z.)
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31
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Chen YS, Lee SM, Lin YJ, Chiang SH, Lin CC. Effects of Danshensu and Salvianolic Acid B from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae) on cell proliferation and collagen and melanin production. Molecules 2014; 19:2029-41. [PMID: 24531218 PMCID: PMC6271020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19022029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Danshensu (DSU) and salvianolic acid B (SAB) are the primary water-soluble compounds of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae). In this study, we analyzed the effects of DSU, SAB and a S. miltiorrhiza extract (SME) on cell proliferation. Additionally, the effects of DSU and SAB on collagen synthesis in Detroit 551 human normal fibroblast cells and on melanin production in B16 melanoma cells were verified. The results demonstrated that SME can enhance the proliferation of Detroit 551 cells and that this boost may be caused by DSU and SAB. This research showed that SME, DSU and SAB all have the ability to increase the production of collagen in Detroit 551 cells. The results also confirmed that DSU and SAB can attenuate the α-MSH-stimulated melanin production of B16 cells by inhibiting tyrosinase activity. Therefore, SME, DSU and SAB each have the potential to be utilized as active ingredients in wound healing or cosmetic treatments. In the future, DSU and SAB could also be used as functional components for treating hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shyan Chen
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200 Chung-Chi Road, Shalu, Taichung 43301, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Mei Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Management, Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, 92 Shengjing Road, Beitou, Taipei 11260, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Hua Chiang
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Taiwan Hospitality and Tourism College, 268 Chong-Hsing St., Feng-Shan Village, Shou-Feng County, Hualien 974, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chien Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200 Chung-Chi Road, Shalu, Taichung 43301, Taiwan.
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Cho JW, Jeong YS, Han J, Chun YJ, Kim HK, Kim MY, Kim BJ, Park KM, Kim JK, Kim JH, Cho SM. Skin Hydration and Collagen Synthesis of AF-343 in HS68 Cell Line and NC/Nga Mice by Filaggrin Expression and Suppression of Matrix Metallopreteinase. Toxicol Res 2013; 27:225-9. [PMID: 24278576 PMCID: PMC3834392 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2011.27.4.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extract of Taraxacum platycarpum (AF-343) has been reported to have several biological properties such as skin hydration and anti-inflammatory effects. Although clinical evidences of skin hydration and antiinflammatory effect were proven in clinical trial, precise mechanism of skin hydration was not fully understood yet. In this study, we have focused skin hydration mechanism related filaggrin, collagen, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in vitro and animal study. Herein, skin hydration mechanism of AF-343 is due to recovery of filaggrin in mice model and increased production of collagen with suppression of matrix MMP in vitro fibroblast cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-We Cho
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 700-712, Korea
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33
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Di Zenzo G, Carrozzo M, Chan LS. Urban legend series: mucous membrane pemphigoid. Oral Dis 2013; 20:35-54. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Di Zenzo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata; IDI-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - M Carrozzo
- Department of Oral Medicine; Centre for Oral Health Research; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - LS Chan
- Department of Dermatology and Immunology/Microbiology; University of Illinois College of Medicine; Chicago IL USA
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34
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Vukmirovic M, Manojlovic Z, Stefanovic B. Serine-threonine kinase receptor-associated protein (STRAP) regulates translation of type I collagen mRNAs. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:3893-906. [PMID: 23918805 PMCID: PMC3811873 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00195-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body and is composed of two α1(I) and one α2(I) polypeptides which assemble into a triple helix. For the proper assembly of the collagen triple helix, the individual polypeptides must be translated in coordination. Here, we show that serine-threonine kinase receptor-associated protein (STRAP) is tethered to collagen mRNAs by interaction with LARP6. LARP6 is a protein which directly binds the 5' stem-loop (5'SL) present in collagen α1(I) and α2(I) mRNAs, but it interacts with STRAP with its C-terminal domain, which is not involved in binding 5'SL. Being tethered to collagen mRNAs, STRAP prevents unrestricted translation, primarily that of collagen α2(I) mRNAs, by interacting with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A). In the absence of STRAP, more collagen α2(I) mRNA can be pulled down with eIF4A, and collagen α2(I) mRNA is unrestrictedly loaded onto the polysomes. This results in an imbalance of synthesis of α1(I) and α2(I) polypeptides, in hypermodifications of α1(I) polypeptide, and in inefficient assembly of the polypeptides into a collagen trimer and their secretion as monomers. These defects can be partially restored by supplementing STRAP. Thus, we discovered STRAP as a novel regulator of the coordinated translation of collagen mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Vukmirovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Wang W, Li CY, Ge CT, Lei L, Gao YL, Qian GY. De-novo characterization of the soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis transcriptome using Illumina RNA-Seq technology. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2013; 14:58-67. [PMID: 23303632 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis is a high-profile turtle species because of its nutritional and medicinal value in Asian countries. However, little is known about the genes that are involved in formation of their nutritional quality traits, especially the molecular mechanisms responsible for unsaturated fatty acid and collagen biosynthesis. In the present study, the transcriptomes from six tissues from Pelodiscus sinensis were sequenced using an Illumina paired-end sequencing platform. We obtained more than 47 million sequencing reads and 73954 unigenes with an average size of 754 bp by de-novo assembly. In total, 55.19% of the unigenes (40814) had significant similarity with proteins in the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non-redundant protein database and Swiss-Prot database (E-value <10(-5)). Of these annotated unigenes, 9156 and 11947 unigenes were assigned to 52 gene ontology categories (GO) and 25 clusters of orthologous groups (COG), respectively. In total, 26496 (35.83%) unigenes were assigned to 242 pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway database (KEGG). In addition, we found a number of highly expressed genes involved in the regulation of P. sinensis unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and collagen formation, including desaturases, growth factors, transcription factors, and extracellular matrix components. Our data represent the most comprehensive sequence resource available for the Chinese soft-shelled turtle and could provide a basis for new research on this turtle as well as the molecular genetics and functional genomics of other terrapins. To our knowledge, we report for the first time, the large-scale RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of terrapin animals and would enrich the knowledge of turtles for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline of Modern Microbiology and Application, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
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36
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Kelly KJ, Liu Y, Zhang J, Goswami C, Lin H, Dominguez JH. Comprehensive genomic profiling in diabetic nephropathy reveals the predominance of proinflammatory pathways. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:710-9. [PMID: 23757392 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00028.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN), currently available therapies have not prevented the epidemic of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). The morbidity of CKD, and the inexorable increase in the prevalence of end-stage renal disease, demands more effective approaches to prevent and treat progressive CKD. We undertook next-generation sequencing in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy to study in depth the pathogenic alterations involved in DN with progressive CKD. We employed the obese, diabetic ZS rat, a model that develops diabetic nephropathy, characterized by progressive CKD, inflammation, and fibrosis, the hallmarks of human disease. We then used RNA-seq to examine the combined effects of renal cells and infiltrating inflammatory cells acting as a pathophysiological unit. The comprehensive systems biology analysis of progressive CKD revealed multiple interactions of altered genes that were integrated into morbid networks. These pathological gene assemblies lead to renal inflammation and promote apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in progressive CKD. Moreover, in what is clearly a major therapeutic challenge, multiple and redundant pathways were found to be linked to renal fibrosis, a major cause of kidney loss. We conclude that systems biology applied to progressive CKD in DN can be used to develop novel therapeutic strategies directed to restore critical anomalies in affected gene networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Carrozzo M, Dametto E, Fasano ME, Broccoletti R, Carbone M, Rendine S, Amoroso A. Interleukin-4RA gene polymorphism is associated with oral mucous membrane pemphigoid. Oral Dis 2013; 20:275-80. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Carrozzo
- Department of Oral Medicine; Center for Oral Health Research; School of Dental Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - E Dametto
- Transplantation Immunology Service; Departments of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry; S. Giovanni Hospital of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - ME Fasano
- Transplantation Immunology Service; Departments of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry; S. Giovanni Hospital of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - R Broccoletti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology; Oral Medicine Section; Lingotto Dental School; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - M Carbone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology; Oral Medicine Section; Lingotto Dental School; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - S Rendine
- Transplantation Immunology Service; Departments of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry; S. Giovanni Hospital of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - A Amoroso
- Transplantation Immunology Service; Departments of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry; S. Giovanni Hospital of Turin; Turin Italy
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Regeneration of soft tissues is promoted by MMP1 treatment after digit amputation in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59105. [PMID: 23527099 PMCID: PMC3601098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ratio of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in wounded tissues strictly control the protease activity of MMPs, and therefore regulate the progress of wound closure, tissue regeneration and scar formation. Some amphibians (i.e. axolotl/newt) demonstrate complete regeneration of missing or wounded digits and even limbs; MMPs play a critical role during amphibian regeneration. Conversely, mammalian wound healing re-establishes tissue integrity, but at the expense of scar tissue formation. The differences between amphibian regeneration and mammalian wound healing can be attributed to the greater ratio of MMPs to TIMPs in amphibian tissue. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of MMP1 to effectively promote skeletal muscle regeneration by favoring extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling to enhance cell proliferation and migration. In this study, MMP1 was administered to the digits amputated at the mid-second phalanx of adult mice to observe its effect on digit regeneration. Results indicated that the regeneration of soft tissue and the rate of wound closure were significantly improved by MMP1 administration, but the elongation of the skeletal tissue was insignificantly affected. During digit regeneration, more mutipotent progenitor cells, capillary vasculature and neuromuscular-related tissues were observed in MMP1 treated tissues; moreover, there was less fibrotic tissue formed in treated digits. In summary, MMP1 was found to be effective in promoting wound healing in amputated digits of adult mice.
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Schuliga M, Javeed A, Harris T, Xia Y, Qin C, Wang Z, Zhang X, Lee PVS, Camoretti-Mercado B, Stewart AG. Transforming growth factor-β-induced differentiation of airway smooth muscle cells is inhibited by fibroblast growth factor-2. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 48:346-53. [PMID: 23239497 PMCID: PMC3604085 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0151oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In asthma, basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) plays an important (patho)physiological role. This study examines the effects of FGF-2 on the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-stimulated differentiation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells in vitro. The differentiation of human ASM cells after incubation with TGF-β (100 pM) and/or FGF-2 (300 pM) for 48 hours was assessed by increases in contractile protein expression, actin-cytoskeleton reorganization, enhancements in cell stiffness, and collagen remodeling. FGF-2 inhibited TGF-β-stimulated increases in transgelin (SM22) and calponin gene expression (n = 15, P < 0.01) in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signal transduction-dependent manner. The abundance of ordered α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) filaments formed in the presence of TGF-β were also reduced by FGF-2, as was the ratio of F-actin to G-actin (n = 8, P < 0.01). Furthermore, FGF-2 attenuated TGF-β-stimulated increases in ASM cell stiffness and the ASM-mediated contraction of lattices, composed of collagen fibrils (n = 5, P < 0.01). However, the TGF-β-stimulated production of IL-6 was not influenced by FGF-2 (n = 4, P > 0.05), suggesting that FGF-2 antagonism is selective for the regulation of ASM cell contractile protein expression, organization, and function. Another mitogen, thrombin (0.3 U ml(-1)), exerted no effect on TGF-β-regulated contractile protein expression (n = 8, P > 0.05), α-SMA organization, or the ratio of F-actin to G-actin (n = 4, P > 0.05), suggesting that the inhibitory effect of FGF-2 is dissociated from its mitogenic actions. The addition of FGF-2, 24 hours after TGF-β treatment, still reduced contractile protein expression, even when the TGF-β-receptor kinase inhibitor, SB431542 (10 μM), was added 1 hour before FGF-2. We conclude that the ASM cell differentiation promoted by TGF-β is antagonized by FGF-2. A better understanding of the mechanism of action for FGF-2 is necessary to develop a strategy for therapeutic exploitation in the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aqeel Javeed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; and
| | | | | | | | - Zhexing Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and
| | - Peter V. S. Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Ueda-Hayakawa I, Hasegawa M, Hamaguchi Y, Takehara K, Fujimoto M. Circulating γ/δ T cells in systemic sclerosis exhibit activated phenotype and enhance gene expression of proalpha2(I) collagen of fibroblasts. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 69:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Baxter RM, Dai T, Kimball J, Wang E, Hamblin MR, Wiesmann WP, McCarthy SJ, Baker SM. Chitosan dressing promotes healing in third degree burns in mice: gene expression analysis shows biphasic effects for rapid tissue regeneration and decreased fibrotic signaling. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:340-8. [PMID: 22847951 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Burns are a significant health challenge and healing can result in scar formation. Chitosan, a derivative of chitin, has been used to promote wound healing. In this study we used gene expression profiling in a mouse model of full thickness cutaneous burn to assess the benefits of treating with a chitosan lactate dressing. Three days after wounding mice treated with chitosan showed increased expression of genes associated with formation of granulation tissue. At a later time point, seven days after wounding, genes that initially showed increased expression were now down-regulated, and there was increased expression of genes involved in remodeling suggesting that the chitosan treatment results in accelerated healing. Quantitative RT-PCR showed modulated mRNA levels for TGFβ1 by the chitosan dressing. TGFβ1 initially promotes healing but extended activity can result in scarring. Importantly we found that expression was elevated at day three, but decreased at day seven suggesting that chitosan treatment will not result in scar formation, and may even be beneficial in preventing scar formation. Additionally, the biphasic regulation of expression of TGFβ1 could be a powerful biomarker for future studies of the wound-healing potential of chitosan based and other treatments for burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Baxter
- Synedgen Inc., 1420 N. Claremont Blvd, Suite 105 D, Claremont, California, USA.
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Jin MH, Park SG, Hwang YL, Lee MH, Jeong NJ, Roh SS, Lee Y, Kim CD, Lee JH. Cedrol Enhances Extracellular Matrix Production in Dermal Fibroblasts in a MAPK-Dependent Manner. Ann Dermatol 2012; 24:16-21. [PMID: 22363150 PMCID: PMC3283845 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2012.24.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by dermal fibroblasts supports skin structure, and degradation and/or reduced production of ECM are the main causes of wrinkle formation. Objective The aim of this study was to identify the active ingredient that enhances ECM production in dermal fibroblasts. Methods Polarity-based fractionation was used to isolate the active ingredient from natural extracts, and the effects of cedrol (isolated from Pterocarpus indicusirginia) on ECM production in cultured human dermal fibroblasts was investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot analysis. Results Cedrol accelerated fibroblast growth in a dose-dependent manner and increased the production of type 1 collagen and elastin. Phosphorylation of p42/44 extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Akt was markedly increased by cedrol, indicating that enhanced ECM production is linked to activation of intracellular signaling cascades. Conclusion These results indicate that cedrol stimulates ECM production, with possible applications to the maintenance of skin texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Hyun Jin
- LG Household & Health Care Ltd, Daejeon, Korea
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Scapini F, da Silva LFF, Tsuji DH, Dolhnikoff M, Sennes LU. Effect of Fibrin Glue on Collagen Deposition after Autologous Fascia Grafting in Rabbit Vocal Folds. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2011; 120:663-8. [DOI: 10.1177/000348941112001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Fibrin glue (FG) is a reaction product of fibrinogen and thrombin that forms a fibrin clot responsible for tissue adhesion. However, FG and its components may interfere with wound healing by interacting with cytokines such as transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of FG on collagen deposition after fascia grafting in the vocal folds of rabbits. Methods: Eighteen rabbits underwent autologous fascia grafting in both vocal folds, and the left side was fixed with FG. Each animal was painlessly sacrificed after 7, 30, or 90 days. The larynx was removed, and the vocal folds were prepared for histomorphometric analysis by picrosirius red staining to evaluate collagen deposition around the graft. Results: There was a significant increase in collagen density around the grafts at 90 days in the vocal folds that were fixed with FG (p = 0.0102) compared with the control vocal folds. Conclusions: Application of FG altered collagen deposition around the fascia grafts, leading to significantly increased collagen density after 90 days. Differences found in the composition of the extracellular matrix in later stages of the healing process are a result of changes that occur in the beginning of this process. Therapeutic interventions, such as the use of FG and/or its components, performed in the early stages of wound healing may interfere with the complex interactions of fibroblasts, inflammatory cells, and cytokines (especially TGF-β), thereby modulating the healing process.
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Liu N, Tolbert E, Pang M, Ponnusamy M, Yan H, Zhuang S. Suramin inhibits renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22:1064-75. [PMID: 21617121 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2010090956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of cytokine and growth factor receptors associates with the development and progression of renal fibrosis. Suramin is a compound that inhibits the interaction of several cytokines and growth factors with their receptors, but whether suramin inhibits the progression of renal fibrosis is unknown. Here, treatment of cultured renal interstitial fibroblasts with suramin inhibited their activation induced by TGF-β1 and serum. In a mouse model of obstructive nephropathy, administration of a single dose of suramin immediately after ureteral obstruction abolished the expression of fibronectin, largely suppressed expression of α-SMA and type I collagen, and reduced the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Suramin also decreased the expression of multiple cytokines including TGF-β1 and reduced the interstitial infiltration of leukocytes. Moreover, suramin decreased expression of the type II TGF-β receptor, blocked phosphorylation of the EGF and PDGF receptors, and inactivated several signaling pathways associated with the progression of renal fibrosis. In a rat model of CKD, suramin abrogated proteinuria, limited the decline of renal function, and prevented glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage. Collectively, these findings indicate that suramin is a potent antifibrotic agent that may have therapeutic potential for patients with fibrotic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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McLarren KW, Cole AE, Weisser SB, Voglmaier NS, Conlin VS, Jacobson K, Popescu O, Boucher JL, Sly LM. SHIP-deficient mice develop spontaneous intestinal inflammation and arginase-dependent fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:180-8. [PMID: 21640975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a serious complication of Crohn's disease (CD) that can lead to stricture formation, which requires surgery. Mechanisms underlying intestinal fibrosis remain elusive because of a lack of suitable mouse models. Herein, we describe a spontaneous mouse model of intestinal inflammation with fibrosis and the profibrotic role of arginase I. The Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol polyphosphate 5'-phosphatase-deficient (SHIP(-/-)) mice developed spontaneous discontinuous intestinal inflammation restricted to the distal ileum starting at the age of 4 weeks. Mice developed several key features resembling CD, including inflammation and fibrosis. Inflammation was characterized by abundant infiltrating Gr-1-positive immune cells, granuloma-like immune cell aggregates that contained multinucleated giant cells, and a mixed type 2 and type 17 helper T-cell cytokine profile. Fibrosis was characterized by a thickened ileal muscle layer, collagen deposition, and increased fibroblasts at the sites of collagen deposition. SHIP(-/-) ilea had increased arginase activity and arginase I expression that was inversely proportional to nitrotyrosine staining. SHIP(-/-) mice were treated with the arginase inhibitor S-(2-boronoethyl)-l-cysteine, and changes in the disease phenotype were measured. Arginase inhibition did not affect the number of immune cell infiltrates in the SHIP(-/-) mouse ilea; rather, it reduced collagen deposition and muscle hyperplasia. These findings suggest that arginase activity is a potential target to limit intestinal fibrosis in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith W McLarren
- Division of Gastroeneterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Ghosh P, Garcia-Marcos M, Farquhar MG. GIV/Girdin is a rheostat that fine-tunes growth factor signals during tumor progression. Cell Adh Migr 2011; 5:237-48. [PMID: 21546796 DOI: 10.4161/cam.5.3.15909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
GIV/Girdin is a multidomain signaling molecule that enhances PI3K-Akt signals downstream of both G protein-coupled and growth factor receptors. We previously reported that GIV triggers cell migration via its C-terminal guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) motif that activates Gαi. Recently we discovered that GIV's C-terminus directly interacts with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and when its GEF function is intact, a Gαi-GIV-EGFR signaling complex assembles. By coupling G proteins to growth factor receptors, GIV is uniquely poised to intercept the incoming receptor-initiated signals and modulate them via G protein intermediates. Subsequent work has revealed that expression of the highly specialized C-terminus of GIV undergoes a bipartite dysregulation during oncogenesis-full length GIV with an intact C-terminus is expressed at levels ~20-50-fold above normal in highly invasive cancer cells and metastatic tumors, but its C-terminus is truncated by alternative splicing in poorly invasive cancer cells and non-invasive tumors. The consequences of such dysregulation on graded signal transduction and cellular phenotypes in the normal epithelium and its implication during tumor progression are discussed herein. Based on the fact that GIV grades incoming signals initiated by ligand-activated receptors by linking them to cyclical activation of G proteins, we propose that GIV is a molecular rheostat for signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Yin Z, Xia Y, Luo C, Zhang J, He Y, Wu X. Effects of Silencing Transforming Growth Factor-β1 by RNA Interference Plasmid on Rat Renal Allograft Fibrosis Using Smads Pathway. Urology 2011; 77:762.e1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Terashima H, Kato M, Yasumo H, Tsuchida H, Mizuno M, Sada T. A sensitive short-term evaluation of antifibrotic effects using newly established type I collagen reporter transgenic rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 299:F792-801. [PMID: 20660018 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00141.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the final common pathway for various tissue lesions that lead to chronic progressive organ failure, and consequently effective antifibrotic drugs are strongly desired. However, there are few animal models in which it is possible to evaluate fibrosis sensitively in a short period of time. We therefore generated two transgenic rats harboring a firefly luciferase reporter gene under the control of the 5'-flanking region of rat α(1)(I) collagen (Col1a1-Luc Tg rats) and α(2)(I) collagen (Col1a2-Luc Tg rats). The luciferase activities of these transgenic rats were highly correlated with the hydroxyproline content in various organs. In unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), a well-characterized model of renal fibrosis, the luciferase activity in obstructed kidneys showed a significant increase after even 3 days of UUO, while the hydroxyproline content showed little increase. In addition, the renal hydroxyproline content had a higher correlation with the luciferase activity than α(1)(I) collagen mRNA level for over 2 wk after UUO. Although both an ANG II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB), olmesartan, and a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type I receptor kinase (ALK5) inhibitor, SB-431542, inhibited renal luciferase activities in UUO, only SB-431542 inhibited luciferase activity induced by TGF-β1 in isolated glomeruli. Double immunostaining for luciferase and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) revealed that some α-SMA-positive tubular epithelial cells and tubular interstitial cells produced type I collagen, which would lead to renal fibrosis. Thus collagen reporter transgenic rats would be very useful for the evaluation of antifibrotic effects and analysis of their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Terashima
- Biological Research Laboratories I, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
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Szauter K, Ordas A, Laxer R, Pope E, Wherrett D, Alman B, Mink M, Boyd C, Csiszar K, Hinek A. A novel fibrotic disorder associated with increased dermal fibroblast proliferation and downregulation of genes of the microfibrillar network. Br J Dermatol 2010; 163:1102-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09911.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Postlethwaite AE, Harris LJ, Raza SH, Kodura S, Akhigbe T. Pharmacotherapy of systemic sclerosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010; 11:789-806. [PMID: 20210685 DOI: 10.1517/14656561003592177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an uncommon autoimmune disease with variable degrees of fibroproliferation in blood vessels and certain organs of the body. There is currently no cure. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature regarding pathogenesis and treatment of complications of SSc. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW All available articles regarding research related to SSc pathogenesis and treatment listed in the PubMed database were searched; relevant articles were then reviewed and used as sources of information for this review. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This review attempts to highlight for the reader some current thought regarding mechanisms of SSc pathogenesis and how autoimmunity relates to vascular changes and fibrogenesis of the disease, as well as providing a review of results of completed clinical trials and current ongoing clinical trials that address organ-specific or global therapies for this disease. This can aid physicians who provide medical care for patients with SSc. TAKE HOME MESSAGE SSc is a complex autoimmune disease, the pathogenesis of which, although not completely understood, is under active study; new insights into pathogenesis are continually being discovered. Although there is no effective disease-modifying treatment for patients with SSc, quality of life, morbidity and mortality can be improved by using targeted therapy directed at affecting the consequences of damage to lungs, blood vessels, kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract. Innovative approaches to treating SSc are under intense investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold E Postlethwaite
- Department of Medicine, Division of Connective Tissue Diseases, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Room G326, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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