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Yang Y, Ren C, Xu X, Yang X, Shao W. Decoding the connection between SLE and DNA Sensors: A comprehensive review. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112446. [PMID: 38878488 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is recognized as a prevalent autoimmune disorder characterized by a multifaceted pathogenesis potentially influenced by a combination of environmental factors, genetic predisposition, and hormonal regulation. The continuous study of immune system activation is especially intriguing. Analysis of blood samples from individuals with SLE reveals an abnormal increase in interferon levels, along with the existence of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies. This evidence suggests that the development of SLE may be initiated by innate immunity. The presence of abnormal dsDNA fragments can activate DNA sensors within cells, particularly immune cells, leading to the initiation of downstream signaling cascades that result in the upregulation of relevant cytokines and the subsequent initiation of adaptive immune responses, such as B cell differentiation and T cell activation. The intricate pathogenesis of SLE results in DNA sensors exhibiting a wide range of functions in innate immune responses that are subject to variation based on cell types, developmental processes, downstream effector signaling pathways and other factors. The review aims to reorganize how DNA sensors influence signaling pathways and contribute to the development of SLE according to current studies, with the aspiration of furnishing valuable insights for future investigations into the pathological mechanisms of SLE and potential treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Yang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changhuai Ren
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwei Shao
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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2
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Wang X, Su L, Han J, Han Y, Yin Y, Huang J, Tang Y, Zhao Y, Qin Q. Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations in conjunction with systemic lupus erythematosus: Missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis? Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1367. [PMID: 39119967 PMCID: PMC11310852 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (RVCL-S) is a rare autosomal dominant systemic microvascular disorder attributed to TREX1 (three-prime repair exonuclease-1) gene mutations, often proned to misdiagnosed. METHODS We reported a case of RVCL-S coexisting with systemic lupus erythematosus due to a mutation in the TREX1 gene. This study provided a summary and discussion of previously documented cases related to TREX1 mutations or RVCL-S. RESULTS A 39-year-old female patient visited the clinic due to progressive memory loss and speech difficulties. Magnetic resonance imaging results showed corpus callosum atrophy and multiple subcortical calcifications in both brain hemispheres. Genetic testing revealed a TREX1 gene mutation (c.294dupA). Treatment with immunosuppressive therapy for 2 months led to improvements in communication and mobility. We also summarized previously reported cases providing an overview of TREX1 gene mutation or RCVL-S. CONCLUSION Our case establishes a compelling foundation for future RVCL-S diagnosis and treatment paradigms. Notably, conducting systemic immunity screening in patients with RVCL-S emerges as a strategic approach to prevent potential diagnostic oversights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Henan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Li Su
- Department of Rheumatology and AllergyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yilai Han
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yunsi Yin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological DisordersBeijingChina
| | | | - Yi Tang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and AllergyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qi Qin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological DisordersBeijingChina
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Toufektchan E, Dananberg A, Striepen J, Hickling JH, Shim A, Chen Y, Nichols A, Duran Paez MA, Mohr L, Bakhoum SF, Maciejowski J. Intratumoral TREX1 Induction Promotes Immune Evasion by Limiting Type I IFN. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:673-686. [PMID: 38408184 PMCID: PMC11148545 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability is a hallmark of human cancer that is associated with aggressive disease characteristics. Chromosome mis-segregations help fuel natural selection, but they risk provoking a cGAS-STING immune response through the accumulation of cytosolic DNA. The mechanisms of how tumors benefit from chromosomal instability while mitigating associated risks, such as enhanced immune surveillance, are poorly understood. Here, we identify cGAS-STING-dependent upregulation of the nuclease TREX1 as an adaptive, negative feedback mechanism that promotes immune evasion through digestion of cytosolic DNA. TREX1 loss diminishes tumor growth, prolongs survival of host animals, increases tumor immune infiltration, and potentiates response to immune checkpoint blockade selectively in tumors capable of mounting a type I IFN response downstream of STING. Together, these data demonstrate that TREX1 induction shields chromosomally unstable tumors from immune surveillance by dampening type I IFN production and suggest that TREX1 inhibitors might be used to selectively target tumors that have retained the inherent ability to mount an IFN response downstream of STING. See related article by Lim et al., p. 663.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Toufektchan
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexandra Dananberg
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Josefine Striepen
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James H. Hickling
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Abraham Shim
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yanyang Chen
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ashley Nichols
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mercedes A. Duran Paez
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lisa Mohr
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samuel F. Bakhoum
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John Maciejowski
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Raupov RK, Suspitsin EN, Kalashnikova EM, Sorokina LS, Burtseva TE, Argunova VM, Mulkidzhan RS, Tumakova AV, Kostik MM. IFN-I Score and Rare Genetic Variants in Children with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1244. [PMID: 38927451 PMCID: PMC11200921 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Interferon I (IFN I) signaling hyperactivation is considered one of the most important pathogenetic mechanisms in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Early manifestation and more severe SLE courses in children suggest a stronger genetic influence in childhood-onset SLE (cSLE). Aim: To evaluate IFN-I score and SLE-associated genetic variants in cSLE. Material and Methods: 80 patients with cSLE were included in the study. IFN I-score was assessed by real-time PCR quantitation of 5 IFN I-regulated transcripts (IFI44L, IFI44, IFIT3, LY6E, MXA1) in 60 patients. Clinical exome sequencing (CES) was performed in 51 patients. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in 32 patients with negative results of CES. Results: 46/60 patients (77%) had elevated IFN-I scores. Leucopenia and skin involvement were associated with over-expression of IFI44 and IFI44L, while hypocomplementemia-with hyperactivation of IFIT3, LY6E, and MX1. No correlation of IFN-I score with disease activity was found. At least one rare genetic variant, potentially associated with SLE, was found in 29 (56.9%) patients. The frequency of any SLE-genetic variants in patients with increased IFN scores was 84%, in patients with normal IFN scores-33%, and in the group whose IFN score was not assessed was 65% (p = 0.040). The majority of genetic variants (74%) are functionally related to nucleic acid sensing and IFN-signaling. The highest frequency of genetic variants was observed in Sakha patients (9/14; 64.3%); three and two unrelated patients had identical variants in PTPN22 and TREX1 genes, respectively. Conclusions: More than half of patients with childhood-onset SLE have rare variants in SLE-associated genes. The IFN-I score could be considered a tool for the selection of patients for further genetic assessment in whom monogenic lupus is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat K. Raupov
- Hospital Pediatry Department, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint Petersburg, Russia (E.M.K.); (L.S.S.)
- H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Children’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Pediatric Rheumatology, 196603 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny N. Suspitsin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.N.S.); (A.V.T.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, N. N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Elvira M. Kalashnikova
- Hospital Pediatry Department, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint Petersburg, Russia (E.M.K.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Lubov S. Sorokina
- Hospital Pediatry Department, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint Petersburg, Russia (E.M.K.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Tatiana E. Burtseva
- Department of Pediatry and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Institute of North-Eastern Federal University, 677007 Yakutsk, Russia;
- Yakut Science Center of Complex Medical Problems, Laboratory of Monitoring of the Children Health and Environmental Research, 677018 Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Vera M. Argunova
- Republic Hospital #1–National Center of Medicine, Pediatric Rheumatology, 677010 Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Rimma S. Mulkidzhan
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, N. N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Anastasia V. Tumakova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.N.S.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Mikhail M. Kostik
- Hospital Pediatry Department, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint Petersburg, Russia (E.M.K.); (L.S.S.)
- Research Laboratory of Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases, World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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5
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Chauvin SD, Ando S, Holley JA, Sugie A, Zhao FR, Poddar S, Kato R, Miner CA, Nitta Y, Krishnamurthy SR, Saito R, Ning Y, Hatano Y, Kitahara S, Koide S, Stinson WA, Fu J, Surve N, Kumble L, Qian W, Polishchuk O, Andhey PS, Chiang C, Liu G, Colombeau L, Rodriguez R, Manel N, Kakita A, Artyomov MN, Schultz DC, Coates PT, Roberson EDO, Belkaid Y, Greenberg RA, Cherry S, Gack MU, Hardy T, Onodera O, Kato T, Miner JJ. Inherited C-terminal TREX1 variants disrupt homology-directed repair to cause senescence and DNA damage phenotypes in Drosophila, mice, and humans. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4696. [PMID: 38824133 PMCID: PMC11144269 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related microangiopathy, also known as small vessel disease (SVD), causes damage to the brain, retina, liver, and kidney. Based on the DNA damage theory of aging, we reasoned that genomic instability may underlie an SVD caused by dominant C-terminal variants in TREX1, the most abundant 3'-5' DNA exonuclease in mammals. C-terminal TREX1 variants cause an adult-onset SVD known as retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy (RVCL or RVCL-S). In RVCL, an aberrant, C-terminally truncated TREX1 mislocalizes to the nucleus due to deletion of its ER-anchoring domain. Since RVCL pathology mimics that of radiation injury, we reasoned that nuclear TREX1 would cause DNA damage. Here, we show that RVCL-associated TREX1 variants trigger DNA damage in humans, mice, and Drosophila, and that cells expressing RVCL mutant TREX1 are more vulnerable to DNA damage induced by chemotherapy and cytokines that up-regulate TREX1, leading to depletion of TREX1-high cells in RVCL mice. RVCL-associated TREX1 mutants inhibit homology-directed repair (HDR), causing DNA deletions and vulnerablility to PARP inhibitors. In women with RVCL, we observe early-onset breast cancer, similar to patients with BRCA1/2 variants. Our results provide a mechanistic basis linking aberrant TREX1 activity to the DNA damage theory of aging, premature senescence, and microvascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Chauvin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- RVCL Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shoichiro Ando
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Joe A Holley
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- RVCL Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Atsushi Sugie
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fang R Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Subhajit Poddar
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- RVCL Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rei Kato
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Cathrine A Miner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- RVCL Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yohei Nitta
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Siddharth R Krishnamurthy
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIAID Microbiome Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rie Saito
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yue Ning
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- RVCL Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuya Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sho Kitahara
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shin Koide
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - W Alexander Stinson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jiayuan Fu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- RVCL Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nehalee Surve
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- RVCL Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lindsay Kumble
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- RVCL Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Oleksiy Polishchuk
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- RVCL Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prabhakar S Andhey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cindy Chiang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Guanqun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Ludovic Colombeau
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Rodriguez
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Manel
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - David C Schultz
- High-throughput Screening Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P Toby Coates
- Central and Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service (CNARTS), The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elisha D O Roberson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIAID Microbiome Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Roger A Greenberg
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara Cherry
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michaela U Gack
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Tristan Hardy
- Genetics, Repromed, Monash IVF, Dulwich, South Australia, Australia
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Brain Science Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Taisuke Kato
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Brain Science Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Jonathan J Miner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- RVCL Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Penn Colton Center for Autoimmunity, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Shi W, Xu G, Gao Y, Yang H, Liu T, Zhao J, Li H, Wei Z, Hou X, Chen Y, Wen J, Li C, Zhao J, Zhang P, Wang Z, Xiao X, Bai Z. Compound Danshen Dripping Pill effectively alleviates cGAS-STING-triggered diseases by disrupting STING-TBK1 interaction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155404. [PMID: 38507852 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING) pathway is critical in the innate immune system and can be mobilized by cytosolic DNA. The various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases progression is highly correlated with aberrant cGAS-STING pathway activation. While some cGAS-STING pathway inhibitor were identified, there are no drugs that can be applied to the clinic. Compound Danshen Dripping Pill (CDDP) has been successfully used in clinic around the world, but the most common application is limited to cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the purpose of the present investigation was to examine whether CDDP inhibits the cGAS-STING pathway and could be used as a therapeutic agent for multiple cGAS-STING-triggered diseases. METHODS BMDMs, THP1 cells or Trex1-/- BMDMs were stimulated with various cGAS-STING-agonists after pretreatment with CDDP to detect the function of CDDP on IFN-β and ISGs productionn. Next, we detect the influence on IRF3 and P65 nuclear translocation, STING oligomerization and STING-TBK1-IRF3 complex formation of CDDP. Additionally, the DMXAA-mediated activation mice model of cGAS-STING pathway was used to study the effects of CDDP. Trex1-/- mice model and HFD-mediated obesity model were established to clarify the efficacy of CDDP on inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. RESULTS CDDP efficacy suppressed the IRF3 phosphorylation or the generation of IFN-β, ISGs, IL-6 and TNF-α. Mechanistically, CDDP did not influence the STING oligomerization and IRF3-TBK1 and STING-IRF3 interaction, but remarkably eliminated the STING-TBK1 interaction, ultimately blocking the downstream responses. In addition, we also clarified that CDDP could suppress cGAS-STING pathway activation triggered by DMXAA, in vivo. Consistently, CDDP could alleviate multi-organ inflammatory responses in Trex1-/- mice model and attenuate the inflammatory disorders, incleding obesity-induced insulin resistance. CONCLUSION CDDP is a specifically cGAS-STING pathway inhibitor. Furthermore, we provide novel mechanism for CDDP and discovered a clinical agent for the therapy of cGAS-STING-triggered inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziying Wei
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorong Hou
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jincai Wen
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chengwei Li
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongxia Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China; National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, China.
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China; National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, China.
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7
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Gu X, Chen Y, Cao K, Tu M, Liu W, Ju J. Therapeutic landscape in systemic lupus erythematosus: mtDNA activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112114. [PMID: 38652968 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) serves as a pivotal immune stimulus in the immune response. During stress, mitochondria release mtDNA into the cytoplasm, where it is recognized by the cytoplasmic DNA receptor cGAS. This activation initiates the cGAS-STING-IRF3 pathway, culminating in an inflammatory response. The cGAS-STING pathway has emerged as a critical mediator of inflammatory responses in microbial infections, stress, autoimmune diseases, chronic illnesses, and tissue injuries. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by connective tissue involvement across various bodily systems. Its hallmark is the production of numerous autoantibodies, which prompt the immune system to target and damage the body's own tissues, resulting in organ and tissue damage. Increasing evidence implicates the cGAS-STING pathway as a significant contributor to SLE pathogenesis. This article aims to explore the role of the mtDNA-triggered cGAS-STING pathway and its mechanisms in SLE, with the goal of providing novel insights for clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Gu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Kunyu Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Miao Tu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Wan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Jiyu Ju
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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8
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Shim A, Luan X, Zhou W, Crow YJ, Maciejowski J. Mutations in the non-catalytic polyproline motif destabilize TREX1 and amplify cGAS-STING signaling. Hum Mol Genet 2024:ddae089. [PMID: 38796715 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The cGAS-STING pathway detects cytosolic DNA and activates a signaling cascade that results in a type I interferon (IFN) response. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated exonuclease TREX1 suppresses cGAS-STING by eliminating DNA from the cytosol. Mutations that compromise TREX1 function are linked to autoinflammatory disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). Despite key roles in regulating cGAS-STING and suppressing excessive inflammation, the impact of many disease-associated TREX1 mutations-particularly those outside of the core catalytic domains-remains poorly understood. Here, we characterize a recessive AGS-linked TREX1 P61Q mutation occurring within the poorly characterized polyproline helix (PPII) motif. In keeping with its position outside of the catalytic core or ER targeting motifs, neither the P61Q mutation, nor aggregate proline-to-alanine PPII mutation, disrupts TREX1 exonuclease activity, subcellular localization, or cGAS-STING regulation in overexpression systems. Introducing targeted mutations into the endogenous TREX1 locus revealed that PPII mutations destabilize the protein, resulting in impaired exonuclease activity and unrestrained cGAS-STING activation. Overall, these results demonstrate that TREX1 PPII mutations, including P61Q, impair proper immune regulation and lead to autoimmune disease through TREX1 destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Shim
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 430 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Xiaohan Luan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, GD 518055, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, GD 518055, China
| | - Yanick J Crow
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, University Paris Cité, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France
| | - John Maciejowski
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 430 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10065, United States
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9
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Jin Z, Zhang Y, Luo X, Geng M, Duan W, Xie Z, Zhang H. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of thiazolecarboxamide derivatives as stimulator of interferon gene inhibitors. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10860-6. [PMID: 38683489 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10860-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon gene (STING) plays critical roles in the cytoplasmic DNA-sensing pathway and in the induction of inflammatory response. Aberrant cytoplasmic DNA accumulation and STING activation are implicated in numerous inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Here, we reported the discovery of a series of thiazolecarboxamide-based STING inhibitors through a molecular planarity/symmetry disruption strategy. The privileged compound 15b significantly inhibited STING signaling and suppressed immune-inflammatory cytokine levels in both human and murine cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated 15b effectively ameliorated immune-inflammatory cytokines upregulation in MSA-2-stimulated and Trex1-D18N mice. Furthermore, compound 15b exhibited enhanced efficacy in suppressing interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), a critical positive feedback regulator of STING. Overall, compound 15b deserves further development for the treatment of STING-associated inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechen Jin
- Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xian Lin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhu Duan
- Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, Shandong, China
| | - Zuoquan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hefeng Zhang
- Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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10
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Tusseau M, Khaldi-Plassart S, Cognard J, Viel S, Khoryati L, Benezech S, Mathieu AL, Rieux-Laucat F, Bader-Meunier B, Belot A. Mendelian Causes of Autoimmunity: the Lupus Phenotype. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:99. [PMID: 38619739 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is characterized by its large heterogeneity in terms of clinical presentation and severity. The pathophysiology of SLE involves an aberrant autoimmune response against various tissues, an excess of apoptotic bodies, and an overproduction of type-I interferon. The genetic contribution to the disease is supported by studies of monozygotic twins, familial clustering, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that have identified numerous risk loci. In the early 70s, complement deficiencies led to the description of familial forms of SLE caused by a single gene defect. High-throughput sequencing has recently identified an increasing number of monogenic defects associated with lupus, shaping the concept of monogenic lupus and enhancing our insights into immune tolerance mechanisms. Monogenic lupus (moSLE) should be suspected in patients with either early-onset lupus or syndromic lupus, in male, or in familial cases of lupus. This review discusses the genetic basis of monogenic SLE and proposes its classification based on disrupted pathways. These pathways include defects in the clearance of apoptotic cells or immune complexes, interferonopathies, JAK-STATopathies, TLRopathies, and T and B cell dysregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Tusseau
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Samira Khaldi-Plassart
- National Referee Centre for Rheumatic and AutoImmune and Systemic Diseases in Children, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology Unit, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jade Cognard
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology Unit, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sebastien Viel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Liliane Khoryati
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Benezech
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Laure Mathieu
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fréderic Rieux-Laucat
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Bader-Meunier
- National Referee Centre for Rheumatic and AutoImmune and Systemic Diseases in Children, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department for Immunology, Hematology and Pediatric Rheumatology, Necker Hospital, APHP, Institut IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Belot
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- National Referee Centre for Rheumatic and AutoImmune and Systemic Diseases in Children, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology Unit, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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11
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Li Q, Wu P, Du Q, Hanif U, Hu H, Li K. cGAS-STING, an important signaling pathway in diseases and their therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e511. [PMID: 38525112 PMCID: PMC10960729 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway was discovered in 2013, great progress has been made to elucidate the origin, function, and regulating mechanism of cGAS-STING signaling pathway in the past decade. Meanwhile, the triggering and transduction mechanisms have been continuously illuminated. cGAS-STING plays a key role in human diseases, particularly DNA-triggered inflammatory diseases, making it a potentially effective therapeutic target for inflammation-related diseases. Here, we aim to summarize the ancient origin of the cGAS-STING defense mechanism, as well as the triggers, transduction, and regulating mechanisms of the cGAS-STING. We will also focus on the important roles of cGAS-STING signal under pathological conditions, such as infections, cancers, autoimmune diseases, neurological diseases, and visceral inflammations, and review the progress in drug development targeting cGAS-STING signaling pathway. The main directions and potential obstacles in the regulating mechanism research and therapeutic drug development of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway for inflammatory diseases and cancers will be discussed. These research advancements expand our understanding of cGAS-STING, provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the roles of cGAS-STING in diseases, and open up new strategies for targeting cGAS-STING as a promising therapeutic intervention in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Li
- Sichuan province Medical and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Center of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of NursingSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Occupational DiseasesThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital)ChengduSichuanChina
| | - Qiujing Du
- Sichuan province Medical and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Center of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of NursingSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ullah Hanif
- Sichuan province Medical and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Center of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of NursingSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Center for Immunology and HematologyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ka Li
- Sichuan province Medical and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Center of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of NursingSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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12
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Yeo NKW, Lim CK, Yaung KN, Khoo NKH, Arkachaisri T, Albani S, Yeo JG. Genetic interrogation for sequence and copy number variants in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Genet 2024; 15:1341272. [PMID: 38501057 PMCID: PMC10944961 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1341272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-onset systemic lupus erythematosus presents with a more severe disease and is associated with a greater genetic burden, especially in patients from Black, Asian or Hispanic ancestries. Next-generation sequencing techniques, notably whole exome sequencing, have been extensively used in genomic interrogation studies to identify causal disease variants that are increasingly implicated in the development of autoimmunity. This Review discusses the known casual variants of polygenic and monogenic systemic lupus erythematosus and its implications under certain genetic disparities while suggesting an age-based sequencing strategy to aid in clinical diagnostics and patient management for improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Kim-Wah Yeo
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Che Kang Lim
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Clinical Translation Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katherine Nay Yaung
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Kim Huat Khoo
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thaschawee Arkachaisri
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Rheumatology and Immunology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Salvatore Albani
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Rheumatology and Immunology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joo Guan Yeo
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Rheumatology and Immunology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Gavazzi F, Gonzalez CD, Arnold K, Swantkowski M, Charlton L, Modesti N, Dar AA, Vanderver A, Bennett M, Adang LA. Nucleotide metabolism, leukodystrophies, and CNS pathology. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 38421058 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The balance between a protective and a destructive immune response can be precarious, as exemplified by inborn errors in nucleotide metabolism. This class of inherited disorders, which mimics infection, can result in systemic injury and severe neurologic outcomes. The most common of these disorders is Aicardi Goutières syndrome (AGS). AGS results in a phenotype similar to "TORCH" infections (Toxoplasma gondii, Other [Zika virus (ZIKV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)], Rubella virus, human Cytomegalovirus [HCMV], and Herpesviruses), but with sustained inflammation and ongoing potential for complications. AGS was first described in the early 1980s as familial clusters of "TORCH" infections, with severe neurology impairment, microcephaly, and basal ganglia calcifications (Aicardi & Goutières, Ann Neurol, 1984;15:49-54) and was associated with chronic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytosis and elevated type I interferon levels (Goutières et al., Ann Neurol, 1998;44:900-907). Since its first description, the clinical spectrum of AGS has dramatically expanded from the initial cohorts of children with severe impairment to including individuals with average intelligence and mild spastic paraparesis. This broad spectrum of potential clinical manifestations can result in a delayed diagnosis, which families cite as a major stressor. Additionally, a timely diagnosis is increasingly critical with emerging therapies targeting the interferon signaling pathway. Despite the many gains in understanding about AGS, there are still many gaps in our understanding of the cell-type drivers of pathology and characterization of modifying variables that influence clinical outcomes and achievement of timely diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gavazzi
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kaley Arnold
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghan Swantkowski
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren Charlton
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholson Modesti
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Asif A Dar
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mariko Bennett
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura A Adang
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Federici S, Cinicola BL, La Torre F, Castagnoli R, Lougaris V, Giardino G, Volpi S, Caorsi R, Leonardi L, Corrente S, Soresina A, Cancrini C, Insalaco A, Gattorno M, De Benedetti F, Marseglia GL, Del Giudice MM, Cardinale F. Vasculitis and vasculopathy associated with inborn errors of immunity: an overview. Front Pediatr 2024; 11:1258301. [PMID: 38357265 PMCID: PMC10866297 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1258301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs) are disorders of innate immunity, which are characterized by unprovoked recurrent flares of systemic inflammation often characterized by fever associated with clinical manifestations mainly involving the musculoskeletal, mucocutaneous, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. Several conditions also present with varied, sometimes prominent, involvement of the vascular system, with features of vasculitis characterized by variable target vessel involvement and organ damage. Here, we report a systematic review of vasculitis and vasculopathy associated with inborn errors of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Federici
- Division of Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Laura Cinicola
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco La Torre
- Department of Pediatrics, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Castagnoli
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vassilios Lougaris
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Pediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, University of Brescia and ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliana Giardino
- Pediatric Section, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiency, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Caorsi
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiency, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucia Leonardi
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Annarosa Soresina
- Unit of Pediatric Immunology, Pediatrics Clinic, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Caterina Cancrini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Insalaco
- Division of Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Cardinale
- Department of Pediatrics, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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15
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Shim A, Luan X, Zhou W, Crow Y, Maciejowski J. Mutations in the non-catalytic polyproline motif destabilize TREX1 and amplify cGAS-STING signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.04.574136. [PMID: 38260344 PMCID: PMC10802300 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.04.574136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The cGAS-STING pathway detects cytosolic DNA and activates a signaling cascade that results in a type I interferon (IFN) response. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated exonuclease TREX1 suppresses cGAS-STING by eliminating DNA from the cytosol. Mutations that compromise TREX1 function are linked to autoinflammatory disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). Despite key roles in regulating cGAS-STING and suppressing excessive inflammation, the impact of many disease-associated TREX1 mutations - particularly those outside of the core catalytic domains - remains poorly understood. Here, we characterize a recessive AGS-linked TREX1 P61Q mutation occurring within the poorly characterized polyproline helix (PPII) motif. In keeping with its position outside of the catalytic core or ER targeting motifs, neither the P61Q mutation, nor aggregate proline-to-alanine PPII mutation, disrupt TREX1 exonuclease activity, subcellular localization, or cGAS-STING regulation in overexpression systems. Introducing targeted mutations into the endogenous TREX1 locus revealed that PPII mutations destabilize the protein, resulting in impaired exonuclease activity and unrestrained cGAS-STING activation. Overall, these results demonstrate that TREX1 PPII mutations, including P61Q, impair proper immune regulation and lead to autoimmune disease through TREX1 destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Shim
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiaohan Luan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yanick Crow
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John Maciejowski
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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16
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Tohidi N, Manshadi SAD, Hajiabdolbaghi M. Association of TREX1 polymorphism with disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infected patients. Virus Genes 2023; 59:831-835. [PMID: 37728706 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The time interval between HIV-1 infection and AIDS development is not the same in all patients and depends largely on the genetic background of the individual. Polymorphisms in the TREX1 gene, the main enzyme in the clearance of cytosolic DNA, affect type 1 interferon-mediated inflammatory response in HIV-1 infection. We aimed to study the role of a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs3135941) of the TREX1 gene and the rate of disease progression in patients infected with HIV-1. A total of 190 HIV-1 infected patients were recruited. Patients' demographic and laboratory data including CD4 counts, viral load, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) were collected. The genotype of rs3135941 was determined by a PCR-SSP method. The rate of progression to AIDS was calculated with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using Stata software. The patients were divided into rapid and slow progressors based on time interval of CD4 drop below 350/µl. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed an accelerated disease progression in patients with TC and CC genotypes (HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.01-2.17). The mean values of the first 5-year CD4 counts were significantly different in patients who had CC and TC genotypes compared to the TT group (p = 0.036). The result of this study emphasizes the importance of TREX1 polymorphism in HIV-1 progression. These data warrant further investigation into the role of other polymorphisms of TREX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Tohidi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Dehghan Manshadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Hajiabdolbaghi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran.
- Iranian Research Center of HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Elahi R, Hozhabri S, Moradi A, Siahmansouri A, Jahani Maleki A, Esmaeilzadeh A. Targeting the cGAS-STING pathway as an inflammatory crossroad in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023; 45:639-649. [PMID: 37335770 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2215405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE The emerging pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has imposed significant mortality and morbidity on the world. An appropriate immune response is necessary to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 spread throughout the body. RESULTS During the early stages of infection, the pathway of stimulators of interferon genes (STING), known as the cGAS-STING pathway, has a significant role in the induction of the antiviral immune response by regulating nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), two key pathways responsible for proinflammatory cytokines and type I IFN secretion, respectively. DISCUSSION During the late stages of COVID-19, the uncontrolled inflammatory responses, also known as cytokine storm, lead to the progression of the disease and poor prognosis. Hyperactivity of STING, leading to elevated titers of proinflammatory cytokines, including Interleukin-I (IL-1), IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, and tissue necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), is considered one of the primary mechanisms contributing to the cytokine storm in COVID-19. CONCLUSION Exploring the underlying molecular processes involved in dysregulated inflammation can bring up novel anti-COVID-19 therapeutic options. In this article, we aim to discuss the role and current studies targeting the cGAS/STING signaling pathway in both early and late stages of COVID-19 and COVID-19-related complications and the therapeutic potential of STING agonists/antagonists. Furthermore, STING agonists have been discussed as a vaccine adjuvant to induce a potent and persistent immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Elahi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Salar Hozhabri
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Moradi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Amir Siahmansouri
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Huang KW, Wu CY, Toh SI, Liu TC, Tu CI, Lin YH, Cheng AJ, Kao YT, Chu JW, Hsiao YY. Molecular insight into the specific enzymatic properties of TREX1 revealing the diverse functions in processing RNA and DNA/RNA hybrids. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11927-11940. [PMID: 37870446 PMCID: PMC10681709 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In various autoimmune diseases, dysfunctional TREX1 (Three prime Repair Exonuclease 1) leads to accumulation of endogenous single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and DNA/RNA hybrids in the cytoplasm and triggers immune activation through the cGAS-STING pathway. Although inhibition of TREX1 could be a useful strategy for cancer immunotherapy, profiling cellular functions in terms of its potential substrates is a key step. Particularly important is the functionality of processing DNA/RNA hybrids and RNA substrates. The exonuclease activity measurements conducted here establish that TREX1 can digest both ssRNA and DNA/RNA hybrids but not dsRNA. The newly solved structures of TREX1-RNA product and TREX1-nucleotide complexes show that 2'-OH does not impose steric hindrance or specific interactions for the recognition of RNA. Through all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we illustrate that the 2'-OH-mediated intra-chain hydrogen bonding in RNA would affect the binding with TREX1 and thereby reduce the exonuclease activity. This notion of higher conformational rigidity in RNA leading TREX1 to exhibit weaker catalytic cleavage is further validated by the binding affinity measurements with various synthetic DNA-RNA junctions. The results of this work thus provide new insights into the mechanism by which TREX1 processes RNA and DNA/RNA hybrids and contribute to the molecular-level understanding of the complex cellular functions of TREX1 as an exonuclease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Wei Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Wu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ing Toh
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Chang Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Tu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hsin Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - An-Ju Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Kao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Wei Chu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yuan Hsiao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
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Świerczyńska M, Tronina A, Filipek E. Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome with Congenital Glaucoma Caused by Novel TREX1 Mutation. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1609. [PMID: 38003924 PMCID: PMC10672266 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by microcephaly, white matter lesions, numerous intracranial calcifications, chilblain skin lesions and high levels of interferon-α (IFN-α) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, ocular involvement is reported significantly less frequently. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case of a neonate with hypotrophy, microcephaly, frostbite-like skin lesions, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes and hepatosplenomegaly. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed multiple foci of calcification, white matter changes, cerebral atrophy, and atrophic dilatation of the ventricular system. The inflammatory parameters were not elevated, and the infectious etiology was excluded. Instead, elevated levels of IFN-α in the serum were detected. Based on the related clinical symptoms, imaging and test findings, the diagnosis of AGS was suspected. Genetic testing revealed two pathogenic mutations, c.490C>T and c.222del (novel mutation), in the three prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) gene, confirming AGS type 1 (AGS1). An ophthalmologic examination of the child at 10 months of age revealed an impaired pupillary response to light, a corneal haze with Haab lines in the right eye (RE), pale optic nerve discs and neuropathy in both eyes (OU). The intraocular pressure (IOP) was 51 mmHg in the RE and 49 in the left eye (LE). The flash visual evoked potential (FVEP) showed prolonged P2 latencies of up to 125% in the LE and reduced amplitudes of up to approximately 10% OU. This girl was diagnosed with congenital glaucoma, and it was managed with a trabeculectomy with a basal iridectomy of OU, resulting in a reduction and stabilization in the IOP to 12 mmHg in the RE and 10 mmHg in the LE without any hypotensive eyedrops. CONCLUSIONS We present the clinical characteristics, electrophysiological and imaging findings, as well as the genetic test results of a patient with AGS1. Our case contributes to the extended ophthalmic involvement of the pathogenic c.490C>T and c.222del mutations in TREX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Świerczyńska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kornel Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Tronina
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland; (A.T.); (E.F.)
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Kornel Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Erita Filipek
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland; (A.T.); (E.F.)
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Kornel Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
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Simchoni N, Vogel TP, Shum AK. COPA Syndrome from Diagnosis to Treatment: A Clinician's Guide. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2023; 49:789-804. [PMID: 37821196 PMCID: PMC10866555 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
COPA syndrome is a recently described autosomal dominant inborn error of immunity characterized by high titer autoantibodies and interstitial lung disease, with many individuals also having arthritis and nephritis. Onset is usually in early childhood, with unique disease features including alveolar hemorrhage, which can be insidious, pulmonary cyst formation, and progressive pulmonary fibrosis in nonspecific interstitial pneumonia or lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia patterns. This review explores the clinical presentation, genetics, molecular mechanisms, organ manifestations, and treatment approaches for COPA syndrome, and presents a diagnostic framework of suggested indications for patient testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Simchoni
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, CVRI 284F, Box 3118, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tiphanie P Vogel
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates Avenue Suite 330, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anthony K Shum
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, CVRI 284F, Box 3118, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, CVRI 284F, Box 3118, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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21
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Du H, Kou M, Deng W, Zhou X, Zhang X, Huang Z, Ren B, Cai X, Xu S, Chen Y, Chen L, Chen C, Bao H, Chen Q, Li D. DWL-4-140: A allene small molecule targeting STING that alleviates lupus-like phenotype in Trex1 -/- mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115188. [PMID: 37480829 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system plays a critical role in the host response against pathogenic microbial infection. However, aberrant activation of the innate immune pathways is a characteristic feature of various diseases. Thus, targeted drugs must be developed based on the understanding of the innate immune signaling pathways. This study demonstrated that an allene small molecule (DWL-4-140) can efficiently and selectively exert regulatory effects on the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), resulting in the downregulation of DNA-induced interferon responses. Mechanistically, DWL-4-140 targeted the cyclized nucleotide-binding domain (CBD) of STING, inhibiting the assembly of the STING multimeric complex and the recruitment of downstream signaling mediators. In addition to downregulating the 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone-induced production of inflammatory factors, DWL-4-140 alleviated the pathological features of Trex1 deletion-induced lupus in mice. Thus, this study demonstrated that DWL-4-140 pharmacologically inhibits STING with potential therapeutic applications in auto-inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hekang Du
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China
| | - Meng Kou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China; Cord Blood Bank Centre, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weili Deng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Xueyuan Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China
| | - Bowen Ren
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China
| | - Xingting Cai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China
| | - Shan Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Lizhu Chen
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Chuanben Chen
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, PR China.
| | - Hongli Bao
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China.
| | - Daliang Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China.
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22
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Jia X, Tan L, Chen S, Tang R, Chen W. Monogenic lupus: Tracing the therapeutic implications from single gene mutations. Clin Immunol 2023; 254:109699. [PMID: 37481012 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Monogenic lupus, a distinctive variant of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is characterized by early onset, family-centric clustering, and heightened disease severity. So far, over thirty genetic variations have been identified as single-gene etiology of SLE and lupus-like phenotypes. The critical role of these gene mutations in disrupting various immune pathways is increasingly recognized. In particular, single gene mutation-driven dysfunction within the innate immunity, notably deficiencies in the complement system, impedes the degradation of free nucleic acid and immune complexes, thereby promoting activation of innate immune cells. The accumulation of these components in various tissues and organs creates a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, characterized by a surge in pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species, and type I interferons. Concurrently, single gene mutation-associated defects in the adaptive immune system give rise to the emergence of autoreactive T cells, hyperactivated B cells and plasma cells. The ensuing spectrum of cytokines and autoimmune antibodies drives systemic disease manifestations, primarily including kidney, skin and central nervous system-related phenotypes. This review provides a thorough overview of the single gene mutations and potential consequent immune dysregulations in monogenic lupus, elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of monogenic lupus. Furthermore, it discusses the recent advances made in the therapeutic interventions for monogenic lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhi Jia
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Sixiu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ruihan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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23
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Liu Y, Fei Y, Wang X, Yang B, Li M, Luo Z. Biomaterial-enabled therapeutic modulation of cGAS-STING signaling for enhancing antitumor immunity. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1938-1959. [PMID: 37002605 PMCID: PMC10362396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
cGAS-STING signaling is a central component in the therapeutic action of most existing cancer therapies. The accumulated knowledge of tumor immunoregulatory network in recent years has spurred the development of cGAS-STING agonists for tumor treatment as an effective immunotherapeutic strategy. However, the clinical translation of these agonists is thus far unsatisfactory because of the low immunostimulatory efficacy and unrestricted side effects under clinically relevant conditions. Interestingly, the rational integration of biomaterial technology offers a promising approach to overcome these limitations for more effective and safer cGAS-STING-mediated tumor therapy. Herein, we first outline the cGAS-STING signaling axis and generally discuss its association with tumors. We then symmetrically summarize the recent progress in those biomaterial-based cGAS-STING agonism strategies to generate robust antitumor immunity, categorized by the chemical nature of those cGAS-STING stimulants and carrier substrates. Finally, a perspective is provided to discuss the existing challenges and potential opportunities in cGAS-STING modulation for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Liu
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yang Fei
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Yang
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Menghuan Li
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.
| | - Zhong Luo
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.
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Costa F, Beltrami E, Mellone S, Sacchetti S, Boggio E, Gigliotti CL, Stoppa I, Dianzani U, Rolla R, Giordano M. Genes and Microbiota Interaction in Monogenic Autoimmune Disorders. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1127. [PMID: 37189745 PMCID: PMC10135656 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Monogenic autoimmune disorders represent an important tool to understand the mechanisms behind central and peripheral immune tolerance. Multiple factors, both genetic and environmental, are known to be involved in the alteration of the immune activation/immune tolerance homeostasis typical of these disorders, making it difficult to control the disease. The latest advances in genetic analysis have contributed to a better and more rapid diagnosis, although the management remains confined to the treatment of clinical manifestations, as there are limited studies on rare diseases. Recently, the correlation between microbiota composition and the onset of autoimmune disorders has been investigated, thus opening up new perspectives on the cure of monogenic autoimmune diseases. In this review, we will summarize the main genetic features of both organ-specific and systemic monogenic autoimmune diseases, reporting on the available literature data on microbiota alterations in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Costa
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.C.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (I.S.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Eleonora Beltrami
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Simona Mellone
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Sara Sacchetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.C.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (I.S.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Elena Boggio
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.C.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (I.S.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Casimiro Luca Gigliotti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.C.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (I.S.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Ian Stoppa
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.C.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (I.S.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.C.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (I.S.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.C.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (I.S.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Mara Giordano
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.C.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (I.S.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.B.); (S.M.)
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Potential health risks of mRNA-based vaccine therapy: A hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2023; 171:111015. [PMID: 36718314 PMCID: PMC9876036 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic applications of synthetic mRNA were proposed more than 30 years ago, and are currently the basis of one of the vaccine platforms used at a massive scale as part of the public health strategy to get COVID-19 under control. To date, there are no published studies on the biodistribution, cellular uptake, endosomal escape, translation rates, functional half-life and inactivation kinetics of synthetic mRNA, rates and duration of vaccine-induced antigen expression in different cell types. Furthermore, despite the assumption that there is no possibility of genomic integration of therapeutic synthetic mRNA, only one recent study has examined interactions between vaccine mRNA and the genome of transfected cells, and reported that an endogenous retrotransposon, LINE-1 is unsilenced following mRNA entry to the cell, leading to reverse transcription of full length vaccine mRNA sequences, and nuclear entry. This finding should be a major safety concern, given the possibility of synthetic mRNA-driven epigenetic and genomic modifications arising. We propose that in susceptible individuals, cytosolic clearance of nucleotide modified synthetic (nms-mRNAs) is impeded. Sustained presence of nms-mRNA in the cytoplasm deregulates and activates endogenous transposable elements (TEs), causing some of the mRNA copies to be reverse transcribed. The cytosolic accumulation of the nms-mRNA and the reverse transcribed cDNA molecules activates RNA and DNA sensory pathways. Their concurrent activation initiates a synchronized innate response against non-self nucleic acids, prompting type-I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine production which, if unregulated, leads to autoinflammatory and autoimmune conditions, while activated TEs increase the risk of insertional mutagenesis of the reverse transcribed molecules, which can disrupt coding regions, enhance the risk of mutations in tumour suppressor genes, and lead to sustained DNA damage. Susceptible individuals would then expectedly have an increased risk of DNA damage, chronic autoinflammation, autoimmunity and cancer. In light of the current mass administration of nms-mRNA vaccines, it is essential and urgent to fully understand the intracellular cascades initiated by cellular uptake of synthetic mRNA and the consequences of these molecular events.
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Bradford HF, Haljasmägi L, Menon M, McDonnell TCR, Särekannu K, Vanker M, Peterson P, Wincup C, Abida R, Gonzalez RF, Bondet V, Duffy D, Isenberg DA, Kisand K, Mauri C. Inactive disease in patients with lupus is linked to autoantibodies to type I interferons that normalize blood IFNα and B cell subsets. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100894. [PMID: 36652906 PMCID: PMC9873953 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by increased expression of type I interferon (IFN)-regulated genes in 50%-75% of patients. We report that out of 501 patients with SLE analyzed, 73 (14%) present autoantibodies against IFNα (anti-IFN-Abs). The presence of neutralizing-anti-IFN-Abs in 4.2% of patients inversely correlates with low circulating IFNα protein levels, inhibition of IFN-I downstream gene signatures, and inactive global disease score. Hallmarks of SLE pathogenesis, including increased immature, double-negative plasmablast B cell populations and reduction in regulatory B cell (Breg) frequencies, were normalized in patients with neutralizing anti-IFN-Abs compared with other patient groups. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) purified from sera of patients with SLE with neutralizing anti-IFN-Abs impedes CpGC-driven IFNα-dependent differentiation of B cells into immature B cells and plasmablasts, thus recapitulating the neutralizing effect of anti-IFN-Abs on B cell differentiation in vitro. Our findings highlight a role for neutralizing anti-IFN-Abs in controlling SLE pathogenesis and support the use of IFN-targeting therapies in patients with SLE lacking neutralizing-anti-IFN-Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah F Bradford
- Division of Infection and Immunity and Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London NW3 2PP, UK; Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
| | - Liis Haljasmägi
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Madhvi Menon
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Thomas C R McDonnell
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Karita Särekannu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martti Vanker
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Chris Wincup
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Rym Abida
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | | | - Vincent Bondet
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - David A Isenberg
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Kai Kisand
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Claudia Mauri
- Division of Infection and Immunity and Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London NW3 2PP, UK; Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
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Yang J, Ding H, Shuai B, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Mechanism and effects of STING-IFN-I pathway on nociception: A narrative review. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1081288. [PMID: 36683857 PMCID: PMC9846240 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1081288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of STING in 2008, numerous studies have investigated its functions in immunity, inflammation, and cancer. STING activates downstream molecules including IFN-I, NLRP3, and NF-κB. The STING-IFN-I pathway plays a vital role in nociception. After receiving the upstream signal, STING is activated and induces the expression of IFN-I, and after paracrine and autocrine signaling, IFN-I binds to IFN receptors. Subsequently, the activity of ion channels is inhibited by TYK2, which induces an acute antinociceptive effect. JAK activates PIK3 and MAPK-MNK-eIF4E pathways, which sensitize nociceptors in the peripheral nervous system. In the mid-late stage, the STING-IFN-I pathway activates STAT, increases pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibits ER-phagy, and promotes microglial M1-polarization in the central nervous system, leading to central sensitization. Thus, the STING-IFN-I pathway may exert complex effects on nociception at various stages, and these effects require further comprehensive elucidation. Therefore, in this review, we systematically summarized the mechanisms of the STING-IFN-I pathway and discussed its function in nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Shuai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pain, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Yan Zhang,
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Liu Y, Li Y, Xue L, Xiao J, Li P, Xue W, Li C, Guo H, Chen Y. The effect of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathway on organ inflammatory injury and fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1033982. [PMID: 36545321 PMCID: PMC9762484 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1033982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes signal transduction pathway is critical in innate immunity, infection, and inflammation. In response to pathogenic microbial infections and other conditions, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) recognizes abnormal DNA and initiates a downstream type I interferon response. This paper reviews the pathogenic mechanisms of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in different organs, including changes in fibrosis-related biomarkers, intending to systematically investigate the effect of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes signal transduction in inflammation and fibrosis processes. The effects of stimulator of interferon genes in related auto-inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases are described in this article, in addition to the application of stimulator of interferon genes-related drugs in treating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yihui Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pengyong Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wanlin Xue
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haipeng Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Haipeng Guo, ; Yuguo Chen,
| | - Yuguo Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Haipeng Guo, ; Yuguo Chen,
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Saulescu I, Ionescu R, Opris-Belinski D. Interferon in systemic lupus erythematosus—A halfway between monogenic autoinflammatory and autoimmune disease. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Incidence of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome and KCNT1-related epilepsy in Denmark. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2022; 33:100924. [PMID: 36262748 PMCID: PMC9574483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To estimate the incidence of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) and potassium sodium-activated channel subfamily T member 1 (KCNT1)-related epilepsy in Denmark and to characterize the patients diagnosed with AGS and KCNT1-related epilepsy. Background AGS and KCNT1-related epilepsy are 2 distinct rare genetic disorders. Due to the rarity of AGS and KCNT1-related epilepsy, the epidemiology remains unclear. The incidences for these diseases or the carriers with disease-related genetic variants remain unknown. Materials and methods This is a retrospective, non-interventional, population-based study using aggregate data from the Danish population register and hospital-based patient-level data in Denmark to identify persons with genetically confirmed AGS between January 2010 to December 2020 and KCNT1-related epilepsies between January 2012 to December 2020. Cases of these disorders were identified from in-hospital databases, and pathogenic variants were identified and confirmed by Sanger and/or whole exome (panel-based) sequencing. The incidence of AGS and KCNT1-related epilepsy were estimated in separate statistical analyses. Results A total of 7 AGS patients were identified. The mean age at AGS diagnosis was 19.4 months (median age 14 months). TREX1 (n < 5) and RNASEH2B (n ≥ 5) genes were reported with confirmed pathogenic variants. The birth incidence of AGS was <0.7600 per 100,000 live births. The average annual incidence rate was calculated as 0.0539 (95% CI: 0.0217–0.1111) per 100,000 persons per year in the total population < 18 years (n = 7); the average annual incidence rate was <0.7538 per 100,000 persons per year (n < 5) in the population < 12 months, and the average annual incidence rate in the population ≥ 12 months and < 18 years was <0.0406 per 100,000 persons per year (n < 5). A total of 14 KCNT1-related epilepsy cases were identified during the study period (n = 5 in 2016, remaining 9 cases in 2013 and 2015). The mean age at diagnosis was 20.6 years (median 19 years) for KCNT1 cases. A total of 8 cases (57.1%) were ≥ 18 years, and 6 (42.9%) were < 18 years at diagnosis. The phenotype autosomal dominant or sporadic sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (ADSHE) (n = 10, 71.4%) was most reported; the remaining 4 cases had either epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS) or an unclassifiable developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). The birth incidence of KCNT1-related epilepsy was ≤1.1205 per 100,000 live births. The average annual incidence rates per 100,000 persons per year during the study period were 0.0431 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0236–0.0723; n = 14) in the overall population ≤ 50 years, 0.0568 (95% CI: 0.0209–0.1237; n = 6) in the population < 18 years, and 0.0365 (95% CI: 0.0157–0.0718; n = 8) in the population ≥ 18 and ≤ 50 years. There were 3 families with at least 2 cases diagnosed with KCNT1-related epilepsies (on average 3.3 cases per family), indicating 10 cases in total within the 3 families. All KCNT1 cases of ADSHE phenotype came from the 3 families. The higher incidence of older ages and ADSHE cases compared with previous KCNT1 studies is likely due to the capture of prevalent and familial previously undiagnosed cases. Excluding these family cases, the average annual incidence was 0.0123 (95% CI: 0.0034–0.0315, n = 4) per 100,000 persons per year in the population ≤ 50 years during 2012–2020. Conclusions AGS and KCNT1-related epilepsy are particularly rare diseases. The annual average incidence rate of AGS was 0.0539 per 100,000 persons per year in the population < 18 years and birth incidence was <0.7600 per 100,000 live births during 2010–2020. The average annual incidence rate of KCNT1-related epilepsy was 0.0431 per 100,000 persons per year in the population ≤ 50 years and the birth incidence was ≤1.1205 per 100,000 live births during 2012–2020. Given similar healthcare systems and genetic pools, these findings may provide insight on the incidence of these rare diseases in the Nordics.
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Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J, Bizoń A, Waliszewska-Prosół M, Piwowar A, Budrewicz S, Pokryszko-Dragan A. Role of Sirtuins in Physiology and Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2434. [PMID: 36289696 PMCID: PMC9598817 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Silent information regulators, sirtuins (SIRTs), are a family of enzymes which take part in major posttranslational modifications of proteins and contribute to multiple cellular processes, including metabolic and energetic transformations, as well as regulation of the cell cycle. Recently, SIRTs have gained increased attention as the object of research because of their multidirectional activity and possible role in the complex pathomechanisms underlying human diseases. The aim of this study was to review a current literature evidence of SIRTs' role in the physiology and pathology of the central nervous system (CNS). SIRTs have been demonstrated to be crucial players in the crosstalk between neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and metabolic alterations. The elucidation of SIRTs' role in the background of various CNS diseases offers a chance to define relevant markers of their progression and promising candidates for novel therapeutic targets. Possible diagnostic and therapeutic implications from SIRTs-related investigations are discussed, as well as their future directions and associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Bizoń
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Piwowar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Budrewicz
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Pokryszko-Dragan
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Harley ITW, Allison K, Scofield RH. Polygenic autoimmune disease risk alleles impacting B cell tolerance act in concert across shared molecular networks in mouse and in humans. Front Immunol 2022; 13:953439. [PMID: 36090990 PMCID: PMC9450536 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.953439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most B cells produced in the bone marrow have some level of autoreactivity. Despite efforts of central tolerance to eliminate these cells, many escape to periphery, where in healthy individuals, they are rendered functionally non-responsive to restimulation through their antigen receptor via a process termed anergy. Broad repertoire autoreactivity may reflect the chances of generating autoreactivity by stochastic use of germline immunoglobulin gene segments or active mechanisms may select autoreactive cells during egress to the naïve peripheral B cell pool. Likewise, it is unclear why in some individuals autoreactive B cell clones become activated and drive pathophysiologic changes in autoimmune diseases. Both of these remain central questions in the study of the immune system(s). In most individuals, autoimmune diseases arise from complex interplay of genetic risk factors and environmental influences. Advances in genome sequencing and increased statistical power from large autoimmune disease cohorts has led to identification of more than 200 autoimmune disease risk loci. It has been observed that autoantibodies are detectable in the serum years to decades prior to the diagnosis of autoimmune disease. Thus, current models hold that genetic defects in the pathways that control autoreactive B cell tolerance set genetic liability thresholds across multiple autoimmune diseases. Despite the fact these seminal concepts were developed in animal (especially murine) models of autoimmune disease, some perceive a disconnect between human risk alleles and those identified in murine models of autoimmune disease. Here, we synthesize the current state of the art in our understanding of human risk alleles in two prototypical autoimmune diseases – systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) along with spontaneous murine disease models. We compare these risk networks to those reported in murine models of these diseases, focusing on pathways relevant to anergy and central tolerance. We highlight some differences between murine and human environmental and genetic factors that may impact autoimmune disease development and expression and may, in turn, explain some of this discrepancy. Finally, we show that there is substantial overlap between the molecular networks that define these disease states across species. Our synthesis and analysis of the current state of the field are consistent with the idea that the same molecular networks are perturbed in murine and human autoimmune disease. Based on these analyses, we anticipate that murine autoimmune disease models will continue to yield novel insights into how best to diagnose, prognose, prevent and treat human autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac T. W. Harley
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Initiative (HI3), Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Rheumatology Section, Medicine Service, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Isaac T. W. Harley,
| | - Kristen Allison
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Initiative (HI3), Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - R. Hal Scofield
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Medical/Research Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Lee WF, Fan WL, Tseng MH, Yang HY, Huang JL, Wu CY. Characteristics and genetic analysis of patients suspected with early-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2022; 20:68. [PMID: 35964089 PMCID: PMC9375402 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-022-00722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is rarely diagnosed before 5-years-old. Those with disease onset at a very young age are predicted by a higher genetic risk and a more severe phenotype. We performed whole-exome sequencing to survey the genetic etiologies and clinical manifestations in patients fulfilling 2012 SLICC SLE classification criteria before the age of 5. CASE PRESENTATION Among the 184 childhood-onset SLE patients regularly followed in a tertiary medical center in Taiwan, 7 cases (3.8%) of which onset ≦ 5 years of age were identified for characteristic review and genetic analysis. Compared to those onset at elder age, cases onset before the age of 5 are more likely to suffer from proliferative glomerulonephritis, renal thrombotic microangiopathy, neuropsychiatric disorder and failure to thrive. Causative genetic etiologies were identified in 3. In addition to the abundance of autoantibodies, patient with homozygous TREX1 (c.292_293 ins A) mutation presented with chilblain-like skin lesions, peripheral spasticity, endocrinopathy and experienced multiple invasive infections. Patient with SLC7A7 (c.625 + 1 G > A) mutation suffered from profound glomerulonephritis with full-house glomerular deposits as well as hyperammonemia, metabolic acidosis and episodic conscious disturbance. Two other cases harbored variants in lupus associating genes C1s, C2, DNASE1 and DNASE1L3 and another with CFHR4. Despite fulfilling the classification criteria for lupus, many of the patients required treatments beyond conventional therapy. CONCLUSIONS Genetic etiologies and lupus mimickers were found among a substantial proportion of patients suspected with early-onset SLE. Detail clinical evaluation and genetic testing are important for tailored care and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Fang Lee
- grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.5 Fu-Hsing St. Kuei Shan Hsiang, Taoyuan, Taoyuan Hsien Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lang Fan
- grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,grid.413804.aDepartment of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hua Tseng
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Long Huang
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.5 Fu-Hsing St. Kuei Shan Hsiang, Taoyuan, Taoyuan Hsien, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei city, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Yi Wu
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.5 Fu-Hsing St. Kuei Shan Hsiang, Taoyuan, Taoyuan Hsien, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Zhao J, Xiao R, Zeng R, He E, Zhang A. Small molecules targeting cGAS-STING pathway for autoimmune disease. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhou W, Richmond-Buccola D, Wang Q, Kranzusch PJ. Structural basis of human TREX1 DNA degradation and autoimmune disease. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4277. [PMID: 35879334 PMCID: PMC9314330 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TREX1 is a cytosolic DNA nuclease essential for regulation of cGAS-STING immune signaling. Existing structures of mouse TREX1 establish a mechanism of DNA degradation and provide a key model to explain autoimmune disease, but these structures incompletely explain human disease-associated mutations and have limited ability to guide development of small-molecule therapeutics. Here we determine crystal structures of human TREX1 in apo and DNA-bound conformations that provide high-resolution detail of all human-specific features. A 1.25 Å structure of human TREX1 establishes a complete model of solvation of the exonuclease active site and a 2.2 Å structure of the human TREX1-DNA complex enables identification of specific substitutions involved in DNA recognition. We map each TREX1 mutation associated with autoimmune disease and establish distinct categories of substitutions predicted to impact enzymatic function, protein stability, and interaction with cGAS-DNA liquid droplets. Our results explain how human-specific substitutions regulate TREX1 function and provide a foundation for structure-guided design of TREX1 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Desmond Richmond-Buccola
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Qiannan Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Philip J Kranzusch
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Kuang SY, Li Y, Yang SL, Han X. Child Neurology: Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome Presenting as Recurrent Ischemic Stroke. Neurology 2022; 99:393-398. [PMID: 35803721 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a rare, single-gene disorder, characterized by neurological and skin involvement with an increased level of interferon-α (IFN-α) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We describe the case of a young patient presenting with recurrent ischemic stroke. Evaluation revealed the presence of chilblains, white matter abnormalities, cerebral atrophy, and raised IFN-α in the CSF. Compound heterozygous variants of TREX1 were detected, confirming a diagnosis of AGS. After excluding other causes, we attributed the stroke to AGS. Tofacitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, was administered to our patient in addition to antiplatelet drugs. There was no recurrence of stroke during 3-month follow-up. This is the first description of recurrent stroke in TREX1-mutated AGS. Small vessel involvement has been previously demonstrated to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AGS. This microvascular mechanism might explain the occurrence of ischemic stroke in our patient. For young stroke patients with multiple system involvement, genetic disorders including AGS should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yi Kuang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University,Shanghai,China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University,Shanghai,China
| | - Shi-Lin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University,Shanghai,China
| | - Xiang Han
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University,Shanghai,China
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Amico G, Hemphill WO, Severino M, Moratti C, Pascarella R, Bertamino M, Napoli F, Volpi S, Rosamilia F, Signa S, Perrino F, Zedde M, Ceccherini I. Genotype-Phenotype Correlation and Functional Insights for Two Monoallelic TREX1 Missense Variants Affecting the Catalytic Core. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071179. [PMID: 35885962 PMCID: PMC9323106 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The TREX1 exonuclease degrades DNA to prevent aberrant nucleic-acid sensing through the cGAS-STING pathway, and dominant Aicardi–Goutières Syndrome type 1 (AGS1) represents one of numerous TREX1-related autoimmune diseases. Monoallelic TREX1 mutations were identified in patients showing early-onset cerebrovascular disease, ascribable to small vessel disease, and CADASIL-like neuroimaging. We report the clinical-neuroradiological features of two patients with AGS-like (Patient A) and CADASIL-like (Patient B) phenotypes carrying the heterozygous p.A136V and p.R174G TREX1 variants, respectively. Genetic findings, obtained by a customized panel including 183 genes associated with monogenic stroke, were combined with interferon signature testing and biochemical assays to determine the mutations’ effects in vitro. Our results for the p.A136V variant are inconsistent with prior biochemistry-pathology correlates for dominant AGS-causing TREX1 mutants. The p.R174G variant modestly altered exonuclease activity in a manner consistent with perturbation of substrate interaction rather than catalysis, which represents the first robust enzymological data for a TREX1 variant identified in a CADASIL-like patient. In conclusion, functional analysis allowed us to interpret the impact of TREX1 variants on patients’ phenotypes. While the p.A136V variant is unlikely to be causative for AGS in Patient A, Patient B’s phenotype is potentially related to the p.R174G variant. Therefore, further functional investigations of TREX1 variants found in CADASIL-like patients are warranted to determine any causal link and interrogate the molecular disease mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Amico
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics of Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Wayne O. Hemphill
- Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Correspondence: (W.O.H.); (F.P.)
| | | | - Claudio Moratti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (C.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Rosario Pascarella
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (C.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Marta Bertamino
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Flavia Napoli
- Departments of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (S.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Francesca Rosamilia
- Biostatistic Unit, Health Science Department (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Sara Signa
- Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (S.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Fred Perrino
- Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Correspondence: (W.O.H.); (F.P.)
| | - Marialuisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Isabella Ceccherini
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics of Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
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Ouyang W, Wang S, Hu J, Liu Z. Can the cGAS-STING Pathway Play a Role in the Dry Eye? Front Immunol 2022; 13:929230. [PMID: 35812407 PMCID: PMC9263829 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye is one of the most common ocular surface diseases in the world and seriously affects the quality of life of patients. As an immune-related disease, the mechanism of dry eye has still not been fully elucidated. The cGAS-STING pathway is a recently discovered pathway that plays an important role in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases by recognizing dsDNA. As an important signal to initiate inflammation, the release of dsDNA is associated with dry eye. Herein, we focused on the pathophysiology of the immune-inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of dry eye, attempted to gain insight into the involvement of dsDNA in the dry eye immune response, and investigated the mechanism of the cGAS-STING pathway involved in the immune-inflammatory response. We further proposed that the cGAS-STING pathway may participate in dry eye as a new mechanism linking dry eye and the immune-inflammatory response, thus providing a new direction for the mechanistic exploration of dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Ouyang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shoubi Wang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Diabetes Prevention and Treatment Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiaoyue Hu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Zuguo Liu, ; Jiaoyue Hu,
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zuguo Liu, ; Jiaoyue Hu,
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Gao J, Zheng M, Wu X, Zhang H, Su H, Dang Y, Ma M, Wang F, Xu J, Chen L, Liu T, Chen J, Zhang F, Yang L, Xu Q, Hu X, Wang H, Fei Y, Chen C, Liu H. CDK inhibitor Palbociclib targets STING to alleviate autoinflammation. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53932. [PMID: 35403787 PMCID: PMC9171422 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is tightly associated with multiple types of disease, including cancer, infection, and autoimmune diseases. However, the development of STING modulators for the therapy of STING-related diseases is still an unmet clinical need. We employed a high-throughput screening approach based on the interaction of small-molecule chemical compounds with recombinant STING protein to identify functional STING modulators. Intriguingly, the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) inhibitor Palbociclib was found to directly bind STING and inhibit its activation in both mouse and human cells. Mechanistically, Palbociclib targets Y167 of STING to block its dimerization, its binding with cyclic dinucleotides, and its trafficking. Importantly, Palbociclib alleviates autoimmune disease features induced by dextran sulphate sodium or genetic ablation of three prime repair exonuclease 1 (Trex1) in mice in a STING-dependent manner. Our work identifies Palbociclib as a novel pharmacological inhibitor of STING that abrogates its homodimerization and provides a basis for the fast repurposing of this Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for the therapy of autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Gao
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Clinical and Translational Research CenterShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mengge Zheng
- Clinical and Translational Research CenterShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Clinical and Translational Research CenterShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Optical Science and EngineeringShanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra‐Precision Optical ManufacturingKey Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education)Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hang Su
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yifang Dang
- Clinical and Translational Research CenterShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of TuberculosisShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mingtong Ma
- Clinical and Translational Research CenterShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fei Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research CenterShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Junfang Xu
- Clinical and Translational Research CenterShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Li Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research CenterShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tianhao Liu
- Clinical and Translational Research CenterShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jianxia Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research CenterShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of TuberculosisShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fan Zhang
- Clinical and Translational Research CenterShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Li Yang
- Clinical and Translational Research CenterShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qinghua Xu
- Clinical and Translational Research CenterShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xuefei Hu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Heyong Wang
- Central LaboratoryShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yiyan Fei
- Department of Optical Science and EngineeringShanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra‐Precision Optical ManufacturingKey Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education)Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Clinical and Translational Research CenterShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of TuberculosisShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Central LaboratoryShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Institute of Nuclear MedicineTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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40
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Stroke and Etiopathogenesis: What Is Known? Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13060978. [PMID: 35741740 PMCID: PMC9222702 DOI: 10.3390/genes13060978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A substantial portion of stroke risk remains unexplained, and a contribution from genetic factors is supported by recent findings. In most cases, genetic risk factors contribute to stroke risk as part of a multifactorial predisposition. A major challenge in identifying the genetic determinants of stroke is fully understanding the complexity of the phenotype. Aims: Our narrative review is needed to improve our understanding of the biological pathways underlying the disease and, through this understanding, to accelerate the identification of new drug targets. Methods: We report, the research in the literature until February 2022 in this narrative review. The keywords are stroke, causes, etiopathogenesis, genetic, epigenetic, ischemic stroke. Results: While better risk prediction also remains a long-term goal, its implementation is still complex given the small effect-size of genetic risk variants. Some authors encourage the use of stroke genetic panels for stroke risk assessment and further stroke research. In addition, new biomarkers for the genetic causes of stroke and new targets for gene therapy are on the horizon. Conclusion: We summarize the latest evidence and perspectives of ischemic stroke genetics that may be of interest to the physician and useful for day-to-day clinical work in terms of both prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Abstract
Inflammation plays indispensable roles in building the immune responses such as acquired immunity against harmful pathogens. Furthermore, it is essential for maintaining biological homeostasis in ever-changing conditions. Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) reside in cell membranes, endosomes or cytoplasm, and function as triggers for inflammatory responses. Binding of pathogen- or self-derived components, such as DNA, to PRRs activates downstream signaling cascades, resulting in the production of a series of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons (IFNs). While these series of responses are essential for host defense, the unexpected release of DNA from the nucleus or mitochondria of host cells can lead to autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. In this review, we focus on DNA-sensing mechanisms via PRRs and the disorders and extraordinary conditions caused by self-derived DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ori
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
| | - Taro Kawai
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
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Wang Q, Du J, Hua S, Zhao K. TREX1 Plays Multiple Roles in Human Diseases. Cell Immunol 2022; 375:104527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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STING Agonists/Antagonists: Their Potential as Therapeutics and Future Developments. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071159. [PMID: 35406723 PMCID: PMC8998017 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cGAS STING pathway has received much attention in recent years, and it has been recognized as an important component of the innate immune response. Since the discovery of STING and that of cGAS, many observations based on preclinical models suggest that the faulty regulation of this pathway is involved in many type I IFN autoinflammatory disorders. Evidence has been accumulating that cGAS/STING might play an important role in pathologies beyond classical immune diseases, as in, for example, cardiac failure. Human genetic mutations that result in the activation of STING or that affect the activity of cGAS have been demonstrated as the drivers of rare interferonopathies affecting young children and young adults. Nevertheless, no data is available in the clinics demonstrating the therapeutic benefit in modulating the cGAS/STING pathway. This is due to the lack of STING/cGAS-specific low molecular weight modulators that would be qualified for clinical exploration. The early hopes to learn from STING agonists, which have reached the clinics in recent years for selected oncology indications, have not yet materialized since the initial trials are progressing very slowly. In addition, transforming STING agonists into potent selective antagonists has turned out to be more challenging than expected. Nevertheless, there has been progress in identifying novel low molecular weight compounds, in some cases with unexpected mode of action, that might soon move to clinical trials. This study gives an overview of some of the potential indications that might profit from modulation of the cGAS/STING pathway and a short overview of the efforts in identifying STING modulators (agonists and antagonists) suitable for clinical research and describing their potential as a "drug".
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Harley IT, Sawalha AH. Systemic lupus erythematosus as a genetic disease. Clin Immunol 2022; 236:108953. [PMID: 35149194 PMCID: PMC9167620 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.108953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is the prototypical systemic autoimmune disease, as it is characterized both by protean multi-organ system manifestations and by the uniform presence of pathogenic autoantibodies directed against components of the nucleus. Prior to the modern genetic era, the diverse clinical manifestations of SLE suggested to many that SLE patients were unlikely to share a common genetic risk basis. However, modern genetic studies have revealed that SLE usually arises when an environmental exposure occurs in an individual with a collection of genetic risk variants passing a liability threshold. Here, we summarize the current state of the field aimed at: (1) understanding the genetic architecture of this complex disease, (2) synthesizing how this genetic risk architecture impacts cellular and molecular disease pathophysiology, (3) providing illustrative examples that highlight the rich complexity of the pathobiology of this prototypical autoimmune disease and (4) communicating this complex etiopathogenesis to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac T.W. Harley
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA,Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Initiative (HI3), Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA,Rocky Mountain Regional Veteran’s Administration Medical Center (VAMC), Medicine Service, Rheumatology Section, Aurora, CO, USA,Corresponding author at: Isaac TW Harley, MD, PhD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Barbara Davis Center, Mail Stop B115, 1775 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, (I.T.W. Harley)
| | - Amr H. Sawalha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Lupus Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Corresponding author at: Amr H. Sawalha, MD, University of Pittsburgh, 7123 Rangos Research Center, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA, (A.H. Sawalha)
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Venkatadri R, Sabapathy V, Dogan M, Mohammad S, Harvey S, Simpson SR, Grayson J, Yan N, Perrino FW, Sharma R. Targeting Bcl6 in the TREX1 D18N murine model ameliorates autoimmunity by modulating T follicular helper cells and Germinal center B cells. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:825-834. [PMID: 35112355 PMCID: PMC9089306 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Three Prime Repair EXonuclease I (TREX1) is critical for degrading post‐apoptosis DNA. Mice expressing catalytically inactive TREX1 (TREX1 D18N) develop lupus‐like autoimmunity due to chronic sensing of undegraded TREX1 DNA substrates, production of the inflammatory cytokines, and the inappropriate activation of innate and adaptive immunity. This study aimed to investigate Thelper (Th) dysregulation in the TREX1 D18N model system as a potential mechanism for lupus‐like autoimmunity. Comparison of immune cells in secondary lymphoid organs, spleen and peripheral lymph nodes (LNs) between TREX1 D18N mice and the TREX1 null mice revealed that the TREX1 D18N mice exhibit a Th1 bias. Additionally, the T‐follicular helper cells (Tfh) and the germinal celter (GC) B cells were also elevated in the TREX1 D18N mice. Targeting Bcl6, a lineage‐defining transcription factor for Tfh and GC B cells, with a commercially available Bcl6 inhibitor, FX1, attenuated Tfh, GC, and Th1 responses, and rescued TREX1 D18N mice from autoimmunity. The study presents Tfh and GC B‐cell responses as potential targets in autoimmunity and that Bcl6 inhibitors may offer therapeutic approach in TREX1‐associated or other lupus‐like diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Venkatadri
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Vikram Sabapathy
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Murat Dogan
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Saleh Mohammad
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Scott Harvey
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sean R Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Jason Grayson
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Nan Yan
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Fred W Perrino
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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LMWH-induced miRNA changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in pregnancies with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 151:103502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li T, Yum S, Li M, Chen X, Zuo X, Chen ZJ. TBK1 recruitment to STING mediates autoinflammatory arthritis caused by defective DNA clearance. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20211539. [PMID: 34901991 PMCID: PMC8672646 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective DNA clearance in DNase II-/- mice leads to lethal inflammatory diseases that can be rescued by deleting cGAS or STING, but the role of distinct signaling pathways downstream of STING in the disease manifestation is not known. We found that the STING S365A mutation, which abrogates IRF3 binding and type I interferon induction, rescued the embryonic lethality of DNase II-/- mice. However, the STING S365A mutant retains the ability to recruit TBK1 and activate NF-κB, and DNase II-/-STING-S365A mice exhibited severe polyarthritis, which was alleviated by neutralizing antibodies against TNF-α or IL-6 receptor. In contrast, the STING L373A mutation or C-terminal tail truncation, which disrupts TBK1 binding and therefore prevents activation of both IRF3 and NF-κB, completely rescued the phenotypes of DNase II-/- mice. These results demonstrate that TBK1 recruitment to STING mediates autoinflammatory arthritis independently of type I interferons. Inhibiting TBK1 binding to STING may be a therapeutic strategy for certain autoinflammatory diseases instigated by self-DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Center for Inflammation Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Seoyun Yum
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Center for Inflammation Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Minghao Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Center for Inflammation Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Center for Inflammation Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijian J. Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Center for Inflammation Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
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48
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Renson T, Hamiwka L, Benseler S. Central nervous system manifestations of monogenic autoinflammatory disorders and the neurotropic features of SARS-CoV-2: Drawing the parallels. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:931179. [PMID: 36034552 PMCID: PMC9399631 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.931179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in monogenic autoinflammatory disorders (AID) is increasingly recognized and can be life threatening. Therefore, a low threshold to consider CNS disease should be maintained in patients with systemic inflammation. Hyperinflammation is also a key feature of severe acute COVID-19 and post COVID-19 entities such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Like AID, COVID-19 patients can present with severe CNS involvement. The impact of COVID-19 on AID and CNS involvement in particular is still obscure, nevertheless dreaded. In the current review, we synthesize the spectrum of CNS manifestations in monogenic AID. We explore common pathophysiological and clinical features of AID and COVID-19. Moreover, we assess the impact of immune dysregulation associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections and post COVID-19 hyperinflammation in AID. The striking commonalities found between both disease entities warrant caution in the management of AID patients during the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Renson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lorraine Hamiwka
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Susanne Benseler
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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49
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Bhattacharya A, Choi WWY, Muffat J, Li Y. Modeling Developmental Brain Diseases Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Brain Organoids - Progress and Perspective. J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167386. [PMID: 34883115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Developmental brain diseases encompass a group of conditions resulting from genetic or environmental perturbations during early development. Despite the increased research attention in recent years following recognition of the prevalence of these diseases, there is still a significant lack of knowledge of their etiology and treatment options. The genetic and clinical heterogeneity of these diseases, in addition to the limitations of experimental animal models, contribute to this difficulty. In this regard, the advent of brain organoid technology has provided a new means to study the cause and progression of developmental brain diseases in vitro. Derived from human pluripotent stem cells, brain organoids have been shown to recapitulate key developmental milestones of the early human brain. Combined with technological advancements in genome editing, tissue engineering, electrophysiology, and multi-omics analysis, brain organoids have expanded the frontiers of human neurobiology, providing valuable insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of normal and pathological brain development. This review will summarize the current progress of applying brain organoids to model human developmental brain diseases and discuss the challenges that need to be overcome to further advance their utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrin Bhattacharya
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; The University of Toronto, Department of Molecular Genetics, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Wendy W Y Choi
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; The University of Toronto, Department of Molecular Genetics, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Julien Muffat
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; The University of Toronto, Department of Molecular Genetics, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Yun Li
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; The University of Toronto, Department of Molecular Genetics, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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50
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Ma Z, Xiong Q, Xia H, Liu W, Dai S, Cai S, Zhu Z, Yan X. Carboplatin activates the cGAS-STING pathway by upregulating the TREX-1 (three prime repair exonuclease 1) expression in human melanoma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6448-6458. [PMID: 34519260 PMCID: PMC8806763 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1972198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human melanoma is a highly aggressive type of cancer, causing significant mortalities despite the advances in treatment. Carboplatin is a cisplatin analog necessary for the treatment of various cancers and can also be used to treat human melanoma. We assessed the effects and mechanisms leading to inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of human melanoma after carboplatin therapy in vitro and in vivo. TREX1, cGAS/STING, and apoptotic protein expressions were determined through RT-qPCR and western blot assays. Cell proliferation was validated through MTT assays. The study used SK-MEL-1 and SK-HEP-1 tumor cell line inoculations along with carboplatin in nude mice to validate the results. The TREX1 levels were down-regulated in human melanoma cell lines. TREX1 overexpression-induced apoptosis and decreased proliferation in the human melanoma cell lines. TREX1 overexpression also activated the cGAS/STING pathway to induce apoptosis and decrease cell growth. Carboplatin activated TREX1, induced apoptosis, and decreased proliferation in the human melanoma cancerous cell lines. Finally, carboplatin reduced the in-vivo tumor size and weight. In conclusion, the study revealed that carboplatin activated TREX1 and cGAS/STING pathways to upregulate apoptosis. The work also provides in vitro and in vivo evidence to understand the effects of TREX overexpression on tumor suppression. Targeting of TREX1/cGAS/STING pathway could be an effective therapeutic alternative to human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhourui Ma
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qianwei Xiong
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongliang Xia
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu Dai
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shizhong Cai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenhong Zhu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiangming Yan
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
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