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Sharman S, Butler K, Roberts A. Psychosocial risk factors in disordered gambling: A descriptive systematic overview of vulnerable populations. Addict Behav 2019; 99:106071. [PMID: 31473572 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambling is a behaviour engaged in by millions of people worldwide; for some, gambling can become a severely maladaptive behaviour, and previous research has identified a wide range of psychosocial risk factors that can be considered important for the development and maintenance of disordered gambling. Although risk factors have been identified, the homogeneity of risk factors across specific groups thought to be vulnerable to disordered gambling is to date, unexplored. METHODS To address this, the current review sought to conduct a systematic overview of literature relating to seven vulnerable groups: young people and adolescents, older adults, women, veterans, indigenous peoples, prisoners, and low socio-economic/income groups. RESULTS Multiple risk factors associated with disordered gambling were identified; some appeared consistently across most groups, including being male, co-morbid mental and physical health conditions, substance use disorders, accessibility and availability of gambling, form and mode of gambling, and experience of trauma. Further risk factors were identified that were specific to each vulnerable group. CONCLUSION Within the general population, certain groups are more vulnerable to disordered gambling. Although some risk factors are consistent across groups, some risk factors appear to be group specific. It is clear that there is no homogenous pathway in to disordered gambling, and that social, developmental, environmental and demographic characteristics can all interact to influence an individual's relationship with gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Sharman
- University of East London School of Psychology, University of East London, Water Lane, Stratford, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Kevin Butler
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom.
| | - Amanda Roberts
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom.
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2
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Abstract
Problematic online betting among adolescents has attracted considerable public attention internationally for the last two decades. Although the online betting prevalence rate in Turkey is unclear, some reports indicate that it could be more pervasive than is currently estimated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of problematic online betting, common behaviors of youth related to betting, and to identify the effect of family on online betting among Turkish adolescents. We surveyed 6116 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 in Istanbul to determine if they are problematic Internet users for betting. Although 756 (12.4%) adolescents reported that they play online betting, only 176 adolescents (2.9%) were classified as problematic Internet users. Thus, we collected further data from those 176 adolescents, 14.8% of which were female. A significant positive correlation was found between Internet Addiction (IA) and duration of betting. Almost 61% of participants expressed that they prefer to be online because they do not have better things to do. Almost a quarter of the participants started online betting between 10 and 12 years of age. All participants know someone who bets online. In terms of frequency, these are friends, relatives, siblings, and parents, respectively. Although there is no relationship between family structure and IA among adolescents who are problematic users, participants who live in an unstable family have higher IA scores than participants who live in a stable family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Tolga Aricak
- Department of Psychology, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Havalimani Yolu 8. Km., 27410, Gaziantep, Turkey. .,Turkish Green Crescent Society, Istanbul, Turkey.
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3
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Donati MA, Chiesi F, Iozzi A, Manfredi A, Fagni F, Primi C. Gambling-Related Distortions and Problem Gambling in Adolescents: A Model to Explain Mechanisms and Develop Interventions. Front Psychol 2018; 8:2243. [PMID: 29354081 PMCID: PMC5760557 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a number of gambling preventive initiatives have been realized with adolescents, many of them have been developed in absence of a clear and explicitly described theoretical model. The present work was aimed to analyze the adequacy of a model to explain gambling behavior referring to gambling-related cognitive distortions (Study 1), and to verify the effectiveness of a preventive intervention developed on the basis of this model (Study 2). Following dual-process theories on cognitive functioning, in Study 1 we tested a model in which mindware gap, i.e., susceptibility to the gambler's fallacy, and contaminated mindware, i.e., superstitious thinking, were the antecedents of gambling-related cognitive distortions that, in turn, affect gambling frequency and problem gambling. Participants were 306 male adolescents (Mage = 17.2 years). A path analysis indicated that cognitive distortions have a mediating role in the relationship that links probabilistic reasoning fallacy and superstitious thinking with problem gambling. Following these findings, in Study 2 we developed a school-based intervention aimed to reduce gambling-related cognitive distortions acting on the above cited mindware problems. A pre- and post-test design - with a 6 months follow-up - was performed with 34 male adolescents (Mage = 16.8), randomly assigned to two groups (Training and No Training), and their baseline equivalence was verified. A Mixed 2 × 2 ANOVA attested a significant Time X Group interaction, indicating a significant reduction of the cognitive distortions from pre-test to post-test only in the Training group. The follow-up attested to the stability of the training effects and the reduction of gambling frequency over time. These findings suggest that prevention strategies should address mindware problems, which can be considered as predictors of gambling-related cognitive distortions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Chiesi
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Adriana Iozzi
- UFC SerD Zona 1 Firenze, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Fagni
- UFC SerD Pistoia-Valdinievole, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
| | - Caterina Primi
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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4
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Calado F, Alexandre J, Griffiths MD. Prevalence of Adolescent Problem Gambling: A Systematic Review of Recent Research. J Gambl Stud 2017; 33:397-424. [PMID: 27372832 PMCID: PMC5445143 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-016-9627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that gambling is a popular activity among adolescents. Following a rapid expansion of legalized gambling opportunities and the emergence of new forms of gambling, many researchers have carried out studies on adolescent gambling and problem gambling. The present paper reviews studies that have been conducted worldwide since 2000, and then presents a more detailed picture of adolescent gambling research in Europe, by providing a country-by country analysis. After an extensive search on academic databases and following an exclusion process, 44 studies were identified. The findings showed that 0.2–12.3 % of youth meet criteria for problem gambling, notwithstanding differences among assessment instruments, cut-offs, and timeframes. However, despite this variability, several demographic characteristics were associated with adolescent gambling involvement and problem gambling. It is concluded that a small but significant minority of adolescents have gambling-related problems. Such findings will hopefully encourage more research into youth gambling to further understand the determinants of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Calado
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham, NG1 4BU, United Kingdom.
| | - Joana Alexandre
- ISCTE - Lisbon University Institute, Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham, NG1 4BU, United Kingdom
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5
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Dowling NA, Shandley KA, Oldenhof E, Affleck JM, Youssef GJ, Frydenberg E, Thomas SA, Jackson AC. The intergenerational transmission of at-risk/problem gambling: The moderating role of parenting practices. Am J Addict 2017; 26:707-712. [PMID: 28881065 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although parenting practices are articulated as underlying mechanisms or protective factors in several theoretical models, their role in the intergenerational transmission of gambling problems has received limited research attention. This study therefore examined the degree to which parenting practices (positive parenting, parental involvement, and inconsistent discipline) moderated the intergenerational transmission of paternal and maternal problem gambling. METHODS Students aged 12-18 years (N = 612) recruited from 17 Australian secondary schools completed a survey measuring parental problem gambling, problem gambling severity, and parenting practices. RESULTS Participants endorsing paternal problem gambling (23.3%) were 4.3 times more likely to be classified as at-risk/problem gamblers than their peers (5.4%). Participants endorsing maternal problem gambling (6.9%) were no more likely than their peers (4.0%) to be classified as at-risk/problem gamblers. Paternal problem gambling was a significant predictor of offspring at-risk/problem gambling after controlling for maternal problem gambling and participant demographic characteristics. The relationship between maternal problem gambling and offspring at-risk/problem gambling was buffered by parental involvement. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Paternal problem gambling may be important in the development of adolescent at-risk/problem gambling behaviours and higher levels of parental involvement buffers the influence of maternal problem gambling in the development of offspring gambling problems. Further research is therefore required to identify factors that attenuate the seemingly greater risk of transmission associated with paternal gambling problems. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Parental involvement is a potential candidate for prevention and intervention efforts designed to reduce the intergenerational transmission of gambling problems. (Am J Addict 2017;26:707-712).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicki A Dowling
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Erin Oldenhof
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Julia M Affleck
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George J Youssef
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erica Frydenberg
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shane A Thomas
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,International Institute for Primary Health Care Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Alun C Jackson
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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6
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Huic A, Dodig Hundric D, Kranzelic V, Ricijas N. Problem Gambling among Adolescent Girls in Croatia-The Role of Different Psychosocial Predictors. Front Psychol 2017; 8:792. [PMID: 28579968 PMCID: PMC5437380 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although, compared to boys, adolescent girls gamble less often and less problematically, prevalence studies still show significant numbers of at risk/problem gamblers among girls. However, girl gambling has been on the sidelines of adolescent gambling research. The available studies usually focus only on a narrow set of correlates often ignoring that adolescent gambling is a complex phenomenon determined by various factors. Also, they often measure gambling related consequences with instruments that are not specifically developed for use on adolescents. In order to contribute to a better understanding of adolescent gambling this study focuses on problem gambling among girls. We consider different social, cognitive, motivational and behavioral factors as predictors of girl problem gambling. A total of 1,372 high-school girls from 7 Croatian cities participated in the study. They provided data on their gambling activities, peer gambling, cognitive distortions related to gambling, motivation for gambling, and levels of general risky behavior. As the only instrument developed specifically for use on adolescents, the Canadian Adolescent Gambling Inventory was used to examine adverse gambling consequences. Results show 7.4% of girls can be considered regular gamblers, and out of those who gambled at least once in their lifetime (n = 862), 11.2% already experience mild adverse consequences because of their gambling (at risk gamblers), with 3.2% experiencing serious consequences (problem gamblers). In general, girls seem to prefer lotto and scratch cards, but sports betting seems to be the preferred game of choice among regular girl gamblers. A hierarchical regression model confirmed the importance of much the same factors identified as risky for the development of problem gambling among adolescent boys—cognitive distortions, motives to earn money, to be better at gambling and to relax, the experiences of winning large and the drive to continue gambling, together with social factors such as having friends who also gamble, being involved in other risky and delinquent behavior and higher gambling frequency. Results call into question the importance of the motive to feel better for adolescent girls problem gambling. We discuss implications of our findings for both universal and indicated youth gambling prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Huic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of ZagrebZagreb, Croatia
| | - Dora Dodig Hundric
- Department of Behavioral Disorders, Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of ZagrebZagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Kranzelic
- Department of Behavioral Disorders, Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of ZagrebZagreb, Croatia
| | - Neven Ricijas
- Department of Behavioral Disorders, Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of ZagrebZagreb, Croatia
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7
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Räsänen T, Lintonen T, Tolvanen A, Konu A. The role of social support in the association between gambling, poor health and health risk-taking. Scand J Public Health 2016; 44:593-8. [PMID: 27313169 DOI: 10.1177/1403494816654380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Studies have shown that gambling is associated with poor health and health risk-taking behaviour. However, little is known about those factors that can influence the association between gambling, health risk-taking and health. Using a population-based School Health Promotion Study of eighth- and ninth-grade Finnish boys and girls (N = 62,956), we investigated the relationships between gambling frequency, health risk-taking and poor health as well as whether social support from parents, friends and school staff could mediate these associations. METHODS Path analysis was used to discover direct and indirect effects of health, health risk-taking and gambling. RESULTS Social support from parents and school staff decreased gambling among boys and girls, whereas among boys support from friends increased gambling. However, the role of social support as a mediator was very weak. Overall poor health and health risk-taking were associated with increased gambling. CONCLUSIONS GAMBLING SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AN IMPORTANT PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUE BECAUSE IT CLUSTERS WITH OTHER UNHEALTHY BEHAVIOUR PATTERNS INTERVENTIONS CONCERNING ADOLESCENT GAMBLING SHOULD ALSO TAKE OTHER SIMULTANEOUS RISK-TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION ALSO SOCIAL SUPPORT FROM PARENTS AND SCHOOL SHOULD BE NOTED WHEN TRYING TO DECREASE ADOLESCENTS' GAMBLING.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Räsänen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Asko Tolvanen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anne Konu
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
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8
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Colasante E, Gori M, Bastiani L, Scalese M, Siciliano V, Molinaro S. Italian Adolescent Gambling Behaviour: Psychometric Evaluation of the South Oaks Gambling Screen: Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA) among a sample of Italian students. J Gambl Stud 2015; 30:789-801. [PMID: 23740346 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-013-9385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Since no Italian validated instrument focuses specifically on the measurement of pathological gambling in very young people, with this study, we aim to adapt an international instrument (SOGS-RA) and assess its psychometric properties in a sample (n = 14.910) of young Italian students aged between 15 and 19 years. Cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument was performed through translation, synthesis of translation, back-translation, expert committee review, and pre-testing. The kappa statistic for test-retest concordance ranged from 0.53 to 0.80. Internal validity was assessed by the MCA that identified one principal component with eigenvalue equal to 3,875: the Divgi index and very simple structure analysis also pointed out one common factor, so uni-dimensionality of the SOGS-RA was accepted. Moreover the SOGS-RA was found to have acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.780). Cronbach's alpha was also assessed separately among males and females (respectively 0.786 and 0.707). The SOGS-RA was assessed in relation to gambling frequency, alcohol and drug use: Chi squared test revealed a strong association both for males and females with gambling frequency (p value ≤ 0.0001), frequent use of illicit drugs (for each drug p value ≤ 0.0001) and having had 3 or more occasions of binge drinking in the last month (p value ≤ 0.0001). At the end we can say that, the results of our study suggest that the SOGS-RA screen may be useful to assess at-risk or problem gambling for both genders in comprehensive youth surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Colasante
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, PI, Italy
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9
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Castrén S, Grainger M, Lahti T, Alho H, Salonen AH. At-risk and problem gambling among adolescents: a convenience sample of first-year junior high school students in Finland. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2015; 10:9. [PMID: 25879923 PMCID: PMC4381398 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-015-0003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Adolescent gambling and substance use are viewed as a public health concern internationally. The early onset age of gambling is a known risk factor for developing gambling problems later in life. The aims of this study are: to evaluate the internal consistency reliability, factorial validity and classification accuracy of the Finnish version of DSM-IV-Multiple Response-Juvenile (DSM-IV-MR-J) criteria measuring at-risk/problem gambling (ARPG); to examine gender differences in gambling participation, ARPG and substance use among first-year junior high school students; and to investigate the association of gambling and gaming (video game playing) participation, substance use and social variables with ARPG. Methods This study examined 988 adolescents (mean age 13.4 years) at 11 public schools in Finland between October-December 2013. The response rate was 91.6%. Chi-squared test and binary logistic regression analysis were used. Results ‘Illegal acts’ was the most endorsed and sensitive, but the least specific criteria identifying ARPG. During the past year, 51.6% of the respondents had gambled, 7.9% were identified as at-risk/problem gamblers (DSM-IV-MR-J score ≥ 2), 8.0% had smoked and 8.9% had been drinking for intoxication, and the first three were significantly more common among boys than girls. The odds ratio of being a male past-year at-risk/problem gambler was 2.27, 5.78 for gambling often or sometimes, 2.42 for video game playing weekly or more often and 6.23 for having peer gamblers. Conclusions Overall, the Finnish version of the DSM-IV-MR-J had acceptable internal consistency reliability and factorial validity. None of the DSM-IV-MR-J criteria were accurate enough to screen ARPG per se. ARPG past-year prevalence was relatively high with males gambling more than females. ARPG was as common as drinking alcohol for intoxication and smoking. Peer gambling was strongly associated with ARPG. Efficient strategies to minimise the risks of gambling problems, tools for prevention and identification of ARPG among the underage are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Castrén
- Clinicum, Internal Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Tobacco, Gambling and Addiction, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Marjut Grainger
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tuuli Lahti
- Department of Tobacco, Gambling and Addiction, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland. .,Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Philosophy University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Hannu Alho
- Clinicum, Internal Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Tobacco, Gambling and Addiction, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anne H Salonen
- Clinicum, Internal Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Tobacco, Gambling and Addiction, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.
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Kristiansen S, Jensen SM, Trabjerg MC. Youth gambling as risky business: An examination of risk perception and perception of skill and luck among Danish adolescents. JOURNAL OF GAMBLING ISSUES 2014. [DOI: 10.4309/jgi.2014.29.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the findings from a national survey on gambling behaviour among students in Danish primary schools, with a special emphasis on risk perception, perceptions of skill and luck, and irrational beliefs. Two thousand two hundred and twenty-three (2,223) primary school students ranging in age from 11 to 17 years completed a questionnaire containing a gambling screen (SOGS-RA) and items measuring gambling behaviour, social networks, and cognitive perceptions. The results showed that the more frequently the individual gambles, the less risky he or she perceives gambling to be. Compared to females, males were less likely to regard frequent gambling as a risky activity, and had more confidence in their own gambling skills. The implications of the findings for further research and preventive measures are discussed.
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Gambling Related Cognitive Distortions in Adolescence: Relationships with Gambling Problems in Typically Developing and Special Needs Students. J Gambl Stud 2014; 31:1417-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-014-9480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Are gambling related cognitions in adolescence multidimensional?: Factor structure of the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale. J Gambl Stud 2014; 30:453-65. [PMID: 23430450 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-013-9368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the factor structure of the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS); (Raylu and Oei in Addiction 99:757-769, 2004) in a large sample of adolescents (N = 1,490) between the ages of 16 and 18 years (630 males, 860 females) attending several high schools in central Ontario. Problem gambling was measured using the DSM-IV-J (Fisher in J Gambl Stud 8:263-285, 1992). A 5-factor GRCS model was found to have the best fit to the data, and gambling-related cognitions were found to be powerful predictors of disordered gambling among adolescents. However, strong associations among GRCS subscales, as well as the small amount of variance in problem gambling accounted for by specific GRCS subscales, call into question the multidimensionality of the GRCS when used with adolescents.
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Abstract
Kommerzielle Glücksspielangebote und selbstorganisierte Spiele um Geld repräsentieren integrale Bestandteile der Lebenswirklichkeit vieler Heranwachsender. In diesem Zusammenhang machen internationale wie nationale Befunde in konsistenter Weise darauf aufmerksam, dass in der Entwicklungsphase des Jugendalters ein erhöhtes Risiko besteht, glücksspielbezogene Probleme zu entwickeln. Allerdings mangelt es an testtheoretisch abgesicherten, jugendgerechten Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines problematischen Spielverhaltens. Daher muss letztendlich offen bleiben, ob diese Form jugendlichen Problemverhaltens überhaupt angemessen und zielgerichtet erfasst wird, oder ob es sich hierbei (zumindest partiell) um einen Messartefakt handelt. Ein Ziel zukünftiger Forschungen ist es folglich, ein Screening-Instrument zu entwickeln und zu validieren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hayer
- Institut für Psychologie und Kognitionsforschung der Universität Bremen
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
| | - Gerhard Meyer
- Institut für Psychologie und Kognitionsforschung der Universität Bremen
| | - Franz Petermann
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
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Teacher Awareness and Attitudes Regarding Adolescent Risky Behaviours: Is Adolescent Gambling Perceived to be a Problem? J Gambl Stud 2013; 30:435-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-013-9363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Parker JDA, Summerfeldt LJ, Kloosterman PH, Keefer KV, Taylor RN. Gambling Behaviour in Adolescents with Learning Disorders. J Gambl Stud 2012; 29:231-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-012-9312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Sassen M, Kraus L, Bühringer G. Differences in pathological gambling prevalence estimates: facts or artefacts? Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2011; 20:e83-99. [PMID: 22113966 PMCID: PMC6878318 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper aims at investigating whether survey methodology has recently converged to justify the common practice of comparing prevalence estimates and interpreting differences within and between countries. To this end, prevalence studies of problem (PrG) and pathological gambling (PG) published in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2010 were critically reviewed. A systematic computer-based literature search was conducted within various databases and major gambling journals. In a two-step search process, a total of 39 studies reporting current prevalence data of non-clinical national samples from different countries were identified. Analyses revealed wide ranges in estimated PrG/PG rates for adults, adolescents, and college students, whereas similar estimates were reported in two studies on PrG/PG in seniors. Despite the discussion on methodological consistency in the field of gambling research, comparability of the reported estimates was found to be still highly limited by major variation between studies with regard to survey description, administration format, exclusion criteria, assessment instrument, cut-off scores, sample frame, and reference period. The interpretation of differences in PrG and PG prevalence estimates within and between countries may be improved by using valid and reliable instruments and by applying comparable survey methodology in well-defined populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sassen
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany.
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17
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St-Pierre RA, Derevensky JL, Gupta R, Martin I. Preventing lottery ticket sales to minors: factors influencing retailers' compliance behaviour. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2011.579142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Prevalence and Correlates of Gambling Problems Among a Nationally Representative Sample of Brazilian Adolescents. J Gambl Stud 2011; 27:649-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-010-9236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Olason DT, Kristjansdottir E, Einarsdottir H, Haraldsson H, Bjarnason G, Derevensky JL. Internet Gambling and Problem Gambling Among 13 to 18 Year Old Adolescents in Iceland. Int J Ment Health Addict 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-010-9280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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20
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Gavriel-Fried B, Derevensky JL. The gestation and birth of legislation prohibiting the sale of lottery tickets to Israeli minors: some social policy issues. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14459790902991606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belle Gavriel-Fried
- a The Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Jeffrey L. Derevensky
- b International Center for Youth Gambling Problems and High Risk Behaviours, McGill University , Canada
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Welte JW, Barnes GM, Tidwell MCO, Hoffman JH. The prevalence of problem gambling among U.S. adolescents and young adults: results from a national survey. J Gambl Stud 2008; 24:119-33. [PMID: 18097737 PMCID: PMC4405098 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-007-9086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A random telephone survey was conducted with a representative sample of 2,274 U.S. residents aged 14-21. The prevalence of problem gambling, as measured by the SOGS-RA, was 2.1%. Sixty-eight percent (68%) of the respondents had gambled in the past year, and 11% had gambled more often than twice per week. Males had much higher gambling involvement than females, and gambling involvement increased among older respondents. Blacks were less likely than average to have gambled in the past year, but if they gambled, they were more likely to do so frequently. Low SES respondents were less likely to have gambled in the past year, but if they gambled, they were more likely to be problem gamblers. Life transitions that are associated with assuming adult roles (employment, living independently of parents, non-student status) are also associated with greater gambling involvement. The rates of problem and pathological gambling were lower than those in an adult survey conducted earlier, when measured with the same questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Welte
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA,
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Ólason DT, Skarphedinsson GA, Jonsdottir JE, Mikaelsson M, Gretarsson SJ. Prevalence estimates of gambling and problem gambling among 13- to 15-year-old adolescents in Reykjavík: An examination of correlates of problem gambling and different accessibility to electronic gambling machines in Iceland. JOURNAL OF GAMBLING ISSUES 2006. [DOI: 10.4309/jgi.2006.18.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the main findings from a prevalence study of adolescent gambling and problem gambling among Icelandic adolescents. The final sample consisted of 3,511 pupils aged 13 to 15 in 25 primary schools in Reykjavík. The results indicated that 93% of adolescents had gambled some time in their life and 70% at least once in the preceding year. Problem gambling prevalence rates were evaluated with two gambling screens, American Psychological Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition, Multiple-Response-Junior (DSM-IV-MR-J) and the South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA). The DSM-IV-MR-J identified 1.9% as problem gamblers, while SOGS-RA identified 2.8% as problem gamblers. The results also showed that problem gamblers reported more difficulties in school and used alcohol and other drugs more frequently than adolescents who gambled socially or not at all. Finally, evaluation of electronic gambling machine (EGM) accessibility revealed that gambling on low-stakes EGMs in public places was more common than on EGMs in arcades or bars and restaurants. The potential implications of these findings are discussed.
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