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Martínez-Radl FB, Hinton DE, Stangier U. Susto as a cultural conceptualization of distress: Existing research and aspects to consider for future investigations. Transcult Psychiatry 2023; 60:690-702. [PMID: 36991563 PMCID: PMC10504816 DOI: 10.1177/13634615231163986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Among the cultural conceptualizations of distress, susto is defined in the DSM-5 as "a cultural explanation of distress and misfortune in Latin America that refers to an illness attributed to a terrifying event that causes the soul to leave the body and leads to unhappiness and illness, as well as difficulties in performing key social functions" (American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. Washington, DC: APA, p. 836). Thus, susto represents a cultural explanation that encompasses the symptoms of various mental disorders and physical diseases. We analyzed the descriptions of susto from different scientific fields and related them to definitions of DSM-5 syndromes. Three syndromic subtypes of susto show a symptomatic overlap with depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and somatic disorder. However, linguistic metaphors describing symptoms and perceived causes that are specific for Latin American culture support the concept of susto as a specific idiom of distress (e.g., loss of soul, shadow or ajayu; sunken, closed or white eyes; jumping and screaming in the night; being thrown to the ground). In addition, if diagnostic criteria are met for mental disorders, then susto describes a perceived cause of psychopathological states (e.g., depressive disorder, PTSD, somatic disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder). Future research with people who have experienced susto is needed to clarify whether susto precedes the onset of other mental disorders (perceived cause) or whether it is a way of designating distress (idiom of distress).
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Swed S, Alibrahim H, Alzabibi MA, Shibani M, Hasoon M, Bohsas H, Raslan H, Alholiby S, Channiss L, Alsakka SA, Alkassab R, Barou SA, Kelzia A, Al-Abboud H, Naal F, Jarrous AM, Jawish N, Suliman SM, Dashan S, Esmaeel W, Shebli B, Ezzedean W, Kashkash F, Khouri A, Sawaf B, Kakaje A, Kearney RM, Ghozy S. Knowledge and attitudes about influenza and the common cold in Syria post COVID-19: A qualitative study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 80:104166. [PMID: 35859759 PMCID: PMC9283197 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The common cold and the influenza are common infections that are frequent in the community. In this study, we estimate the level of knowledge regarding those diseases among the Syrian population in the COVID era as it is important to have this knowledge for future health planning and policies. Methods A qualitative study was conducted from November to December in 2021. A structured self-administered questionnaire was distributed as Google Forms on social media platforms and hard copies of the questionnaire to patients, their companions, or workers in public hospitals. Chi-square test and Mann Whitney test were used to study the associations between categorical groups. Results This study included 13013 participants, 7856 (60.4%) were females, 78.4% were younger than 31 years old, only 3518 (27%) knew that the common cold and the influenza were caused by viruses, 6146 (47.2%) reported that runny nose was the most annoying symptom, 75.6% of the participants believed that antibiotics could kill viruses, and 7674 (58.9%) had fears from symptoms of common cold and influenza because of covid-19. Females were statistically significantly more knowledgeable and had more fears from the infection compared with males. Conclusion This study showed a low level of knowledge among the Syrian population. The view of influenza and common cold have changed after COVID as they are now taken more seriously. Many efforts should be made to spread awareness, effective management, and reducing antibiotic misinformation. The public in Syria mostly cannot distinguish between common cold and influenza. They still believe that antibiotics is the treatment of choice for them. COVID-19 has made people more aware and self-conscious of having flu-like symptoms as they can be from having COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarya Swed
- Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | | | | | - Mosa Shibani
- Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | | | | | - Hasan Raslan
- Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Sham Alholiby
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Lilas Channiss
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | | | - Rana Alkassab
- Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | | | - Aya Kelzia
- Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | | | - Fatima Naal
- Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | | | | | | | - Sedra Dashan
- Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Weaam Esmaeel
- Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Baraa Shebli
- Department of Cardiology, Aleppo University Hospital, University of Aleppo, Syria
| | - Weaam Ezzedean
- Department of Urology, Ibn-Alnafees Hospital, Damascus, Syria
| | - Fateh Kashkash
- Department of Pulmonology, Aleppo University Hospital, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Abdullah Khouri
- Department of Pulmonology, Aleppo University Hospital, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Bisher Sawaf
- Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ameer Kakaje
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ruby M. Kearney
- School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Albury, Australia
| | - Sherief Ghozy
- Neuroradiology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Oerther S, Oerther DB. Antimicrobial resistance needs to be combated at primary levels of prevention by nurses. Nurs Open 2020; 7:678-679. [PMID: 32257254 PMCID: PMC7113504 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Oerther
- School of NursingSaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMOUSA
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Bach AT, Kang AY, Lewis J, Xavioer S, Portillo I, Goad JA. Addressing common barriers in adult immunizations: a review of interventions. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:1167-1185. [PMID: 31791159 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1698955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Low levels of adult vaccination have been documented in the United States and globally. Research has been conducted to identify reasons for low immunization rates; however, the most useful studies are those that implemented interventions for identified barriers to evaluate their impact on rates of immunization. Identifying successful interventions provides immunization providers with evidence-based methods that can be utilized to increase the uptake of recommended vaccines.Areas covered: This review focuses on known barriers to adult immunizations and the interventions available in the literature to overcome these barriers. It outlines interventions that may increase vaccine uptake in the adult population through addressing barriers related to lack of vaccine knowledge, cost, access, provider and practice-based challenges, and racial and ethnic disparities.Expert opinion: Improving adult immunization rates is critical to protecting a population against vaccine-preventable diseases. Those interventions that appeared to increase immunization rates in the adult population included education and reminders about vaccination using text and telephone calls, low-cost or subsidized vaccines, easy access to immunization services, and understanding the cultural and social needs of different racial and ethnic populations. It is likely that an evidence-based multimodal approach using different categories of interventions is necessary to significantly improve adult immunization rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert T Bach
- Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amy Y Kang
- Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jelena Lewis
- Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Xavioer
- Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ivan Portillo
- AHIP Health Sciences Librarian, Leathery Libraries, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jeffery A Goad
- Chair of the Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
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Xia YQ, Zhao KN, Zhao AD, Zhu JZ, Hong HF, Wang YL, Li SH. Associations of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy with congenital heart disease in offspring: evidence from a case-control study and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:277. [PMID: 31791237 PMCID: PMC6889668 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidences regarding the associations between maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during pregnancy and the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) is still controversial. This study was specifically designed to examine the associations by a case-control study and a meta-analysis of the published evidences and our finding. Methods A hospital-based case-control study involving 262 children with simple CHD and 262 children with complex CHD, along with 262 control children, was conducted through June, 2016 to December, 2017. All children were aged 0–2 years old. Furthermore, a meta-analysis based on both previously published studies and our case-control study was performed. Results In the case-control study, after adjusting for possible confounders, maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy was found to be related to an increased risk of CHD (OR = 3.40 and 95% CI: 2.05–5.62 for simple CHD; OR = 2.39 and 95% CI: 1.47–3.88 for complex CHD). After a meta-analysis, the adverse impact was still kept significant (OR = 1.47 and 95% CI: 1.28–1.67 for simple CHD; OR = 1.44 and 95% CI: 1.14–1.75 for complex CHD). The very similar associations were also observed among single type of CHD, herein, ventricular septal defects (VSD) and tetralogy of fallot (TOF) in the case-control study. In the subsequent meta-analysis, however, the significant association only existed in VSD. Conclusions Although there is still conflicting in TOF, the results are overall consistent, which provide new enforced evidence that maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy, in general, play an important role in the occurrence of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Xia
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - K N Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - A D Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - J Z Zhu
- China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - H F Hong
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y L Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Department, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 910 Hengshan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - S H Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Mohebbi B, Tol A, Sadeghi R, Yaseri M, Akbari Somar N, Doyore Agide F. The efficacy of social cognitive theory-based self-care intervention for rational antibiotic use: a randomized trial. Eur J Public Health 2019; 28:735-739. [PMID: 29788293 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Misuse of antibiotics can be described as a failure to complete treatment, skipping of the doses and reuse of leftover medicines and overuse of antibiotics. Health education interventions are expected to enhance awareness and general belief on rational antibiotics use. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the efficacy of social cognitive theory (SCT)-based self-care intervention for rational antibiotic use. Methods This randomized trial was conducted in a sample of 260 adults. The study participants were randomly assigned as the intervention (n=130) and a control (n=130) groups. The intervention group received self-care educational intervention of four sessions lasting 45-60 min augmented with the text messages and the control groups attended usual education program in health centers. The study participants were invited to complete questionnaires at the baseline and end of the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Chi-square (X2), independent t-test and covariance analysis were used for data analysis. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results After the intervention, all SCT constructs revealed significant differences in the intervention group compared with control groups (P<0.001). Awareness and general beliefs of rational antibiotic use showed a significant difference in intervention group before and after six months (P<0.001) whereas in control group no significant differences (P>0.05). Conclusion The study suggested that tailored appropriate educational programs based on SCT constructs can reflect a positive impact on appropriate antibiotics use. Therefore, a tailored health promotion intervention should be provided to enhance the awareness and general beliefs of the target groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Mohebbi
- Department of Intervention Cardiology, Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azar Tol
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Sadeghi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Akbari Somar
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Feleke Doyore Agide
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
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Nadkarni NM, Weber CQ, Goldman SV, Schatz DL, Allen S, Menlove R. Beyond the Deficit Model: The Ambassador Approach to Public Engagement. Bioscience 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Scientists are increasingly motivated to engage the public, particularly those who do not or cannot access traditional science education opportunities. Communication researchers have identified shortcomings of the deficit model approach, which assumes that skepticism toward science is based on a lack of information or scientific literacy, and encourage scientists to facilitate open-minded exchange with the public. We describe an ambassador approach, to develop a scientist's impact identity, which integrates his or her research, personal interests and experiences to achieve societal impacts. The scientist identifies a community or focal group to engage, on the basis of his or her impact identity, learns about that group, and promotes inclusion of all group members by engaging in venues in which that group naturally gathers, rather than in traditional education settings. Focal group members stated that scientists communicated effectively and were responsive to participant questions and ideas. Scientists reported professional and personal benefits from this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sue Allen
- Maine Mathematics and Science Alliance, Augusta
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The Misconception of Antibiotic Equal to an Anti-Inflammatory Drug Promoting Antibiotic Misuse among Chinese University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030335. [PMID: 30691066 PMCID: PMC6388115 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Massive misuse of antibiotics is one of the most important reasons for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Misconceptions of antibiotics contribute to antibiotic misuse behaviors. This study aims to examine whether university students hold the misconception that Antibiotic is a Xiaoyanyao (literally means anti-inflammatory drug in Chinese), and association between this misconception and antibiotic misuse behaviors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among university students using the cluster random sampling method in six universities of six regions in China (one university per region). The Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between the misconception and antibiotic misuse behaviors. Logistic regression was conducted to identify the risk factors for antibiotic misuse behaviors. 11,192 of university students completed the entire questionnaire. There were 3882 (34.7%) students who were considered to have the misconception. Female students were more likely to have the misconception compared with males (36.7% vs. 32.6%, P < 0.001). Those students with a background of social science/humanities were more likely to have the misconception compared with those from science and medicine (44.1% vs. 30.3% vs. 20.1%, P < 0.001). Students came from rural areas compared with those from urban areas (37.5% vs. 32.5%, P < 0.001) were more likely to have the misconception. Students who had the misconception were 1.51 (95% CI 1.21–1.89, P < 0.001) times, 1.34 (95% CI 1.21–1.48, P < 0.001) times, and 1.36 (95% CI 1.24–1.50, P < 0.001) times more likely to report self-medication, request to obtain antibiotics, and take antibiotics prophylactically than those who did not have this misconception, respectively. The high proportion of university students’ misconception on Antibiotic is a Xiaoyanyao is worth more attention. Effective health education and interventions need to be promoted among university students and the whole population.
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Nnoli NC, Linder SH, Smith MA, Gemeinhardt GL, Zhang K. The combined effect of ambient ozone exposure and toxic air releases on hospitalization for asthma among children in Harris County, Texas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2018; 28:358-378. [PMID: 29962221 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2018.1479515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study represents an analysis of the effect of exposure to ambient ozone and toxic air releases on hospitalization for asthma among children in Harris County, Texas. Our study identified temporal and spatial variations in asthma hospitalization across the study region and explored the combined effect of exposure to ambient ozone and air toxics on asthma hospitalization. Asthma hospitalization hot spots and clusters were mostly not located on zip codes with reported high quantities of total air releases of chemical pollutants. There was no significant interaction between ambient ozone exposure and toxic air releases relative to asthma hospitalization. The major predictor of asthma hospitalization was season, with hospitalization rate per 10,000 people for asthma being highest in winter period when ozone levels are usually lowest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnamdi C Nnoli
- a Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health , The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas , USA
| | - Stephen H Linder
- b Department of Management Policy and Community Health, School of Public Health , The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas , USA
- c Institute of Health Policy, School of Public Health , The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas , USA
| | - Mary A Smith
- a Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health , The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas , USA
| | - Gretchen L Gemeinhardt
- b Department of Management Policy and Community Health, School of Public Health , The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas , USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- a Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health , The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas , USA
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Cantarero-Arévalo L, Hallas MP, Kaae S. Parental knowledge of antibiotic use in children with respiratory infections: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2017; 25:31-49. [DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Cantarero-Arévalo
- Section for Social and Clinical Pharmacy; Department of Pharmacy; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mia Pavelics Hallas
- Section for Social and Clinical Pharmacy; Department of Pharmacy; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Susanne Kaae
- Section for Social and Clinical Pharmacy; Department of Pharmacy; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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Uchida M, Kaneko M, Hidaka Y, Yamamoto H, Honda T, Takeuchi S, Saito M, Kawa S. Prospective Epidemiological Evaluation of Seasonal Influenza in All Elementary Schoolchildren in Matsumoto City, Japan, in 2014/2015. Jpn J Infect Dis 2016; 70:333-339. [PMID: 27580571 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza is known to spread within and among educational organizations. Detailed understanding of the pattern of infection requires comprehensive prospective epidemiological studies, involving all schools within a community. This prospective survey evaluated 13,217 schoolchildren attending all of the 29 public elementary schools in Matsumoto City, Japan, in 2014/2015. Questionnaires were distributed to school nurses to obtain information about onset date and suspected route of transmission of influenza for all schoolchildren diagnosed with influenza virus at medical institutions. Responses were obtained for 2,548 infected schoolchildren, representing 96% of reported cases. Epidemic curves were plotted for each school by calculating the numbers of incident cases. Distance between schools was not associated with influenza spread over time. However, modeling showed that the occurrence of initial infection at each school and its spread over time could be fitted with a logistic curve. The transmission route for most children initially infected at each school was through a household member, whereas for most remaining schoolchildren it was through the school. These findings indicated that seasonal influenza was initially transmitted to schoolchildren by household members and then spread throughout the schools, with the initially infected child at each school fitting logistic curves over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Uchida
- Center for Health, Safety and Environment Management, Shinshu University
| | - Minoru Kaneko
- Center for Health, Safety and Environment Management, Shinshu University
| | | | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Takayuki Honda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Shouhei Takeuchi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | | | - Shigeyuki Kawa
- Center for Health, Safety and Environment Management, Shinshu University
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Hofstetter AM, Barrett A, Stockwell MS. Factors impacting influenza vaccination of urban low-income Latino children under nine years requiring two doses in the 2010-2011 season. J Community Health 2015; 40:227-34. [PMID: 25082482 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-014-9921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that certain children under 9 years of age receive two influenza vaccine doses in a season for optimal protection. Recent data indicate that many of these children fail to receive one or both of these needed doses. Contributing factors to under-vaccination of this population remain unclear. Caregivers of children aged 6 months-8 years requiring two influenza vaccine doses in the 2010-2011 season were identified from households enrolled in four urban Head Start programs. Recruitment and survey administration were conducted between March and June 2011. The impact of caregiver, provider, and practice-based factors on influenza vaccine receipt was assessed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Caregivers (n = 128) were predominantly mothers, Latina, Spanish-speaking, and non-U.S. born. Few children received one (31 %) or both (7 %) influenza vaccine doses. Caregivers who discussed influenza vaccination with providers were more likely to know their child needed two doses (55 vs. 35 %, p < 0.05) and have a fully vaccinated child (11 vs. 0 %, p < 0.05). Among caregivers whose child received the first dose, those who reported being told when to return for the second dose were also more likely to have a fully vaccinated child (35 vs. 0 %, p = 0.05). Belief in influenza vaccine effectiveness was positively associated with vaccination (p < 0.001), while safety concerns were negatively associated (p < 0.05). This study highlights the importance of provider-family communication about the two-dose regimen as well as influenza vaccine effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika M Hofstetter
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 622 W. 168th Street, VC 417, New York, NY, 10032, USA,
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Phippard AE, Kimura AC, Lopez K, Kriner P. Understanding knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to influenza and the influenza vaccine in US-Mexico border communities. J Immigr Minor Health 2014; 15:741-6. [PMID: 22684884 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-012-9652-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hispanics are less likely to receive the influenza vaccine compared to other racial and ethnic groups in the US. Hispanic residents of the US-Mexico border region may have differing health beliefs and behaviors, and their cross-border mobility impacts disease control. To assess beliefs and behaviors regarding influenza prevention and control among border populations, surveys were conducted at border clinics. Of 197 respondents, 34 % reported conditions for which vaccination is indicated, and travel to Mexico was common. Few (35 %) believed influenza could make them 'very sick', and 76 % believed they should take antibiotics to treat influenza. Influenza vaccine awareness was high, and considered important, but only 36 % reported recent vaccination. The belief that influenza vaccination is 'very important' was strongly associated with recent vaccination; "Didn't think about it" was the most common reason for being un-vaccinated. Misconceptions about influenza risk, prevention and treatment were common in this Hispanic border population; improved educational efforts and reminder systems could impact vaccination behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba E Phippard
- Border Infectious Disease Surveillance, San Diego County Office of Border Health, 3851 Rosecrans St, Suite 715, San Diego, CA 92110, USA.
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Stockwell MS, Catallozzi M, Larson E, Rodriguez C, Subramony A, Andres Martinez R, Martinez E, Barrett A, Meyer D. Effect of a URI-related educational intervention in early head start on ED visits. Pediatrics 2014; 133:e1233-40. [PMID: 24709931 PMCID: PMC4006431 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention to decrease pediatric emergency department (PED) visits and adverse care practices for upper respiratory infections (URI) among predominantly Latino Early Head Start (EHS) families. METHODS Four EHS sites in New York City were randomized. Families at intervention sites received 3 1.5-hour education modules in their EHS parent-child group focusing on URIs, over-the-counter medications, and medication management. Standard curriculum families received the standard EHS curriculum, which did not include URI education. During weekly telephone calls for 5 months, families reported URI in family members, care sought, and medications given. Pre- and post-intervention knowledge-attitude surveys were also conducted. Outcomes were compared between groups. RESULTS There were 154 families who participated (76 intervention, 78 standard curriculum) including 197 children <4 years old. Families were primarily Latino and Spanish-speaking. Intervention families were significantly less likely to visit the PED when their young child (age 6 to <48 months) was ill (8.2% vs 15.7%; P = .025). The difference remained significant on the family level (P = .03). These families were also less likely to use an inappropriate over-the-counter medication for their <2-year-old child (odds ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.95; 12.2% vs 32.4%, P = .034) and/or incorrect dosing tool for their <4-year-old child (odds ratio, 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.74; 9.8% vs 31.1%; P < .01). The mean difference in Knowledge-Attitude scores for intervention families was higher. CONCLUSIONS A URI health literacy-related educational intervention embedded into EHS decreased PED visits and adverse care practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S. Stockwell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics,,Department of Population and Family Health and,New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Marina Catallozzi
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics,,Department of Population and Family Health and,New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Elaine Larson
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, and,School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, New York; and
| | | | - Anupama Subramony
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics,,New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | | | - Emelin Martinez
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Angela Barrett
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Dodi Meyer
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics,,New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
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16
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Grineski SE, Collins TW, Chavez-Payan P, Jimenez AM, Clark-Reyna S, Gaines M, Kim YA. Social disparities in children's respiratory health in El Paso, Texas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:2941-57. [PMID: 24619157 PMCID: PMC3987014 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110302941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess prevalence of children’s respiratory health conditions and to measure and describe social disparities in children’s respiratory problems and access to health resources for asthma/wheezing management. Data were collected through a cross-sectional, observational mail survey of all primary caretakers of 4th and 5th grade children in El Paso Independent School District (El Paso, TX, USA). 6295 primary caretakers received surveys at their home address and 1904 surveys were completed and returned for a 30% response rate. El Paso children have high rates of asthma (17%) and allergies (51%). In terms of social disparities, children that are male, not poor, obese, Hispanic, born in El Paso, have a US-born caretaker, and have a caretaker who has lower levels Spanish proficiency have increased odds of respiratory problems. Among children with asthma and wheezing, disparities exist in access to care; those that are poor, with a Spanish-speaking caretaker, or with a foreign-born caretaker had increased odds of seeking care in urgent care center, emergency rooms and hospitals. Results have scholarly and practical implications for broader trends in terms of increasing prevalence of respiratory health problems across multiple scales (from El Paso to the US context to worldwide) and health disparities experienced within the rapidly growing US Hispanic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Grineski
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas of El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso TX 79968, USA.
| | - Timothy W Collins
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas of El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso TX 79968, USA.
| | - Paola Chavez-Payan
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas of El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso TX 79968, USA.
| | - Anthony M Jimenez
- Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota (Twin Cities), Social Science Building, 267 19th Ave. S., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Stephanie Clark-Reyna
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas of El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso TX 79968, USA.
| | - Marie Gaines
- Department of Social Work, Fayetteville State University, 1200 Murchison Rd, Fayetteville, NC 28301, USA.
| | - Young-an Kim
- Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California Irvine, 2340 Social Ecology II Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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17
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Vandebroek I. Intercultural health and ethnobotany: how to improve healthcare for underserved and minority communities? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 148:746-54. [PMID: 23727048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The present conceptual review explores intercultural healthcare--defined as the integration of traditional medicine and biomedicine as complementary healthcare systems--in minority and underserved communities. This integration can take place at different levels: individuals (patients, healers, biomedical healthcare providers), institutions (health centers, hospitals) or society (government policy). BACKGROUND Contemporary ethnobotany research of traditional medicine has primarily dealt with the botanical identification of plants commonly used by local communities, and the identification of health conditions treated with these plants, whereas ethnopharmacology has focused on the bioactivity of traditional remedies. On the other hand, medical anthropology seems to be the scholarship more involved with research into patients' healthcare-seeking itineraries and their interaction with traditional versus biomedical healthcare systems. The direct impact of these studies on public health of local communities can be contested. AIM OF THE REVIEW To compare and discuss the body of scholarly work that deals with different aspects of traditional medicine in underserved and minority communities, and to reflect on how gaps identified in research can be bridged to help improve healthcare in these communities. KEY FINDINGS The literature covers a broad range of information of relevance to intercultural healthcare. This information is fragmented across different scientific and clinical disciplines. A conceptual review of these studies identifies a clear need to devote more attention to ways in which research on traditional medicine can be more effectively applied to improve local public health in biomedical resource-poor settings, or in geographic areas that have disparities in access to healthcare. CONCLUSIONS Scholars studying traditional medicine should prioritize a more interdisciplinary and applied perspective to their work in order to forge a more direct social impact on public health in local communities most in need of healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Vandebroek
- Institute of Economic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.
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18
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Widayati A, Suryawati S, de Crespigny C, Hiller JE. Knowledge and beliefs about antibiotics among people in Yogyakarta City Indonesia: a cross sectional population-based survey. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2012. [PMID: 23176763 PMCID: PMC3546903 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-1-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Misconceptions about antibiotic use among community members potentially lead to inappropriate use of antibiotics in the community. This population-based study was aimed at examining common knowledge and beliefs about antibiotic use of people in an urban area of Indonesia. Methods The population of the study was adults (over 18 years old) in Yogyakarta City. A cluster random sampling technique was applied (N = 640). Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation. Results A total of 625 respondents was approached and 559 respondents completed the questionnaire (90% response rate). Out of 559 respondents, 283 (51%) are familiar with antibiotics. Out of 283 respondents who are familiar with antibiotics, more than half have appropriate knowledge regarding antibiotic resistance (85%), allergic reactions (70%), and their effectiveness for bacterial infections (76%). Half these respondents know that antibiotics ought not to be used immediately for fever (50%). More than half have incorrect knowledge regarding antibiotics for viral infections (71%). More than half believe that antibiotics can prevent illnesses from becoming worse (74%). Fewer than half believe that antibiotics have no side effects (24%), that antibiotics can cure any disease (40%), and that antibiotic powders poured onto the skin can quickly cure injuries (37%). Those who are uncertain with these beliefs ranged from 25% to 40%. Generally, these respondents have moderate knowledge; where the median is 3 with a range of 0 to 5 (out of a potential maximum of 5). Median of scores of beliefs is 13 (4 to 19; potential range: 4 to 20). The results of correlation analysis show that those with appropriate knowledge regarding antibiotics would also quite likely have more appropriate beliefs regarding antibiotics. The correlation is highest for those who are male, young participants, with higher education levels, and have a higher income level. Conclusions Misconceptions regarding antibiotic use exist among people in this study. Therefore, improving appropriate knowledge regarding antibiotic use is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aris Widayati
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta Indonesia, Kampus III, Paingan Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sri Suryawati
- Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Janet E Hiller
- School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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19
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Horton S, Stewart A. Reasons for self-medication and perceptions of risk among Mexican migrant farm workers. J Immigr Minor Health 2012; 14:664-72. [PMID: 22170398 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-011-9562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the frequency of self-medication among Mexican migrants has been well-documented in the public health literature, the multiple reasons for this practice are poorly understood. Most studies point to migrants' cultural preferences for Mexican medications, their prior experiences in countries where antibiotics are loosely regulated, and their lack of access to health care as the primary factors behind their self-medication. Based on participant observation and in-depth interviews with 23 Mexican migrants in a farm working community in the interior of California, we argue that occupational vulnerability is an equally important factor that encourages self-medication. All 23 of our interviewees reported having engaged in some degree of self-medication, notable in this location 8 h from the US-Mexico border. Among interviewees, occupational vulnerability represented an even more important factor influencing self-medication than lack of health insurance or lack of legal documentation. While interviewees did express a preference for Mexican medications as more potent and effective, this did not necessarily translate to a preference for using them without a doctor's supervision. Finally, we show that rather than remaining unaware of the risks of following this custom "transported from Latin America", Mexican migrants devised an elaborate hierarchy of resort of the safest self-medication practices to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Horton
- Department of Anthropology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA.
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20
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Dunn-Navarra AM, Stockwell MS, Meyer D, Larson E. Parental health literacy, knowledge and beliefs regarding upper respiratory infections (URI) in an urban Latino immigrant population. J Urban Health 2012; 89:848-60. [PMID: 22707307 PMCID: PMC3462826 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-012-9692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parents who are recent immigrants and/or non-native English speakers are at increased risk for poor health literacy. For example, misconceptions regarding treatment for upper respiratory infections (URIs), including nonjudicious use of antibiotics, have been described among Latinos. We sought to assess the influence of health literacy on knowledge and beliefs surrounding URI care and to explore the correlation between two health literacy measures among Latino parents in northern Manhattan. A descriptive survey design was used, and a total of 154 Latino parents were enrolled from four early head start programs between September 2009 and December 2009. Health literacy was measured using the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA) and Newest Vital Sign (NVS); parental knowledge and beliefs regarding antibiotic treatment for URIs were also assessed. Analyses were conducted in 2010 with multivariable logistic regression performed to examine predictors of health literacy. Inadequate health literacy was observed in 83.8 % of respondents using NVS and 35.7 % with the S-TOFHLA. College education was significantly associated with adequate health literacy using either the NVS or S-TOFHLA; however, other results varied between measures. Using NVS, there was a greater likelihood of adequate health literacy with US birth status (AOR 13.8; 95 % CI, 1.99-95.1), >5 years US residency (AOR 7.6; 95 % CI, 1.3-43.1) and higher antibiotic knowledge scores (AOR 1.7; 95 % CI, 1.2-2.4). Using S-TOFHLA, the odds of adequate health literacy increased with access to a regular care provider (AOR 2.6; 95 % CI, 1.2-5.6). Scores consistent with adequate health literacy on the NVS, but not the S-TOFHLA, were associated with correct beliefs regarding antibiotic use for URIs in comparison to scores of participants with inadequate health literacy. Since health literacy levels were low in this population and the risk of viral URI was high during the first few years of life, targeted education to improve health literacy, knowledge, and beliefs about URI and related antibiotic treatment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Margaret Dunn-Navarra
- Training in Interdisciplinary Research to Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance (TIRAR), Columbia University, School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA.
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21
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Cohen B, Ferng YH, Wong-McLoughlin J, Jia H, Morse SS, Larson EL. Predictors of flu vaccination among urban Hispanic children and adults. J Epidemiol Community Health 2010; 66:204-9. [PMID: 20881023 DOI: 10.1136/jech.2009.099879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flu vaccination is effective for preventing infection, but coverage levels in the USA remain low-especially among racial/ethnic minorities. This study examines factors associated with flu vaccination in a predominantly Hispanic community in Manhattan, New York. METHODS Households were recruited during the 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 flu seasons. Primary household respondents were interviewed to determine knowledge of flu transmission/treatment and vaccination status and demographic information for all household members. RESULTS Vaccination coverage was 47.3% among children <5, 39.3% among 5-17-year-olds, 15.3% among 18-49-year-olds, 31.0% among 50-64-year-olds and 37.1% among adults ≥65 in year 1; and 53.1% among children <5, 43.6% among 5-17-year-olds, 19.5% among 18-49-year-olds, 34.1% among 50-64-year-olds and 34.3% among adults ≥65 in year 2. For children, younger age, having a chronic respiratory condition (eg, asthma), and greater primary respondent knowledge of flu were positively associated with vaccination. Among adults, female gender, older age, higher education, greater primary respondent knowledge of flu, having been born in the USA and having a chronic respiratory condition were positively associated with vaccination. The most common reasons cited for not being vaccinated were the beliefs that flu vaccination was unnecessary or ineffective. CONCLUSIONS Possible methods for increasing vaccination levels in urban Hispanic communities include improving health literacy, making low-cost vaccination available and encouraging providers to use other office visits as opportunities to mention vaccination to patients. REGISTRATION NUMBER This study is registered at http://ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00448981).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bevin Cohen
- Columbia University School of Nursing, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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22
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Landers TF, Ferng YH, McLoughlin JW, Barrett AE, Larson E. Antibiotic identification, use, and self-medication for respiratory illnesses among urban Latinos. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS 2010; 22:488-95. [PMID: 20854641 PMCID: PMC3058843 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2010.00539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to describe the extent to which antibiotic and nonantibiotic medications commonly used for upper respiratory infections (URIs) were correctly identified by a sample of urban dwelling Latinas and the association of medication identification with antibiotic use and self-medication. DATA SOURCES One hundred women completed an interview and were asked to identify whether a list of 39 medications (17 antibiotics, 22 nonantibiotics) were antibiotics or not, whether anyone in the household had used the medication, their ages, and the source of the medication. RESULTS Overall, participants correctly identified 62% of nonantibiotics and 34% of antibiotics. Seventy three (73%) women in the study reported antibiotic use by at least one member of the household in the past year. Among users, self-medication was reported in 67.2% of antibiotics for adults, but in only 2.4% of children. There was no difference in antibiotic recognition between those who self-medicated and those who did not, but antibiotic self-medication was associated with a significantly lower recognition of nonantibiotics (p= .01). IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Measures to improve antibiotic utilization should address self-medication and consider the cultural and social context in which antibiotic use occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F Landers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research to Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance (CIRAR), Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York, USA.
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Vukotich CJ, Coulborn RM, Aragon TJ, Baker MG, Burrus BB, Aiello AE, Cowling BJ, Duncan A, Enanoria W, Fabian MP, Ferng YH, Larson EL, Leung GM, Markel H, Milton DK, Monto AS, Morse SS, Navarro JA, Park SY, Priest P, Stebbins S, Stern AM, Uddin M, Wetterhall SF. Findings, gaps, and future direction for research in nonpharmaceutical interventions for pandemic influenza. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16:e2. [PMID: 20350370 DOI: 10.3201/eid1604.090719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Vukotich
- Center for Public Health Practice, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, A711 Crabtree, 130 DeSoto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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24
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Aiello AE, Coulborn RM, Aragon TJ, Baker MG, Burrus BB, Cowling BJ, Duncan A, Enanoria W, Fabian MP, Ferng YH, Larson EL, Leung GM, Markel H, Milton DK, Monto AS, Morse SS, Navarro JA, Park SY, Priest P, Stebbins S, Stern AM, Uddin M, Wetterhall SF, Vukotich CJ. Research findings from nonpharmaceutical intervention studies for pandemic influenza and current gaps in the research. Am J Infect Control 2010; 38:251-8. [PMID: 20226569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2009.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In June 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a request for applications to identify, improve, and evaluate the effectiveness of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)-strategies other than vaccines and antiviral medications-to mitigate the spread of pandemic influenza within communities and across international borders (RFA-CI06-010). These studies have provided major contributions to seasonal and pandemic influenza knowledge. Nonetheless, key concerns were identified related to the acceptability and protective efficacy of NPIs. Large-scale intervention studies conducted over multiple influenza epidemics, as well as smaller studies in controlled laboratory settings, are needed to address the gaps in the research on transmission and mitigation of influenza in the community setting. The current novel influenza A (H1N1) pandemic underscores the importance of influenza research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E Aiello
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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