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Kamalabadi Farahani M, Farjadmehr M, Atashi A, Momeni A, Behzadifard M. Concise review: breast cancer stems cells and their role in metastases. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:5266-5275. [PMID: 39238997 PMCID: PMC11374310 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) have been suggested to be responsible for the development of Breast cancer (BC). The aim of this study was to evaluate BCSCs and the target organs microenvironment immunophenotyping markers in common BC metastases, and therapeutic targets regarding to the mentioned criteria. Material and methods This narrative review involved searching international databases; PubMed, Google Scholar using predetermined keywords including breast cancer, breast cancer stem cells, breast cancer metastases, immunophenotyping, immunohistochemistry and metastases. The search results were assessed based on the title, abstract, and full text of the articles, and relevant findings were included in the review. Results BCSCs express high amounts of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), Ganglioside 2 (GD2), CD44 and CD133 but are negative for CD24 marker. CXCR4 and OPN have high expression in the cells and may contribute in BC metastasis to the bone. Nestin, CK5, prominin-1 (CD133) markers in BCSCs have been reported to correlate with brain metastasis. High expression of CD44 in BCSCs and CXCL12 expression in the liver microenvironment may contribute to BC metastasis to the liver. Aberrantly expressed vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) that binds to collagen and elastin fibers on pulmonary parenchyma, and CXCR4 of BCSCs and CXCL12 in lung microenvironment may promote the cells homing and metastasis to lung. Conclusion As in various types of BC metastases different markers that expressed by the cells and target organ microenvironment are responsible, BCSCs immunophenotyping can be used as target markers to predict the disease prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amir Atashi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences
| | - Alireza Momeni
- Department of hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine
| | - Mahin Behzadifard
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
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2
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Petchimuthu P, Ala C, Kunjiappan S, Pavadai P, Sankaranarayanan M, Ram Kumar Pandian S, Sundar K. Pharmacoinformatics-based identification of phytochemicals from Solanum torvum Swartz. fruits as potential inhibitors for MAPK14 protein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:7795-7811. [PMID: 37583290 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2246562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants and phytocompounds gained more attention because of their unrivalled variety of chemical diversity. In this view, the present study was executed to predict the anticancer potential of Solanum torvum Swartz. fruits derived phytocompounds against one of the breast cancer target proteins (MAPK14, PDB ID: 5ETA, resolution: 2.80 Å) through pharmacoinformatics-based screening and molecular dynamics simulation tools. Initially, a graph theoretical network approach was used to visualize the genes, enzymes, and proteins involved in the signalling pathway of breast cancer and identify the significant target protein (MAPK14). A total of thirty-three active compounds were selected from S. torvum sw. through the IMPPAT database, and their structures were drawn by Chemsketch software. The drug-like behaviours of the compounds were assessed through pharmacokinetics and physicochemical characterization studies. Five compounds, namely chlorogenin (-10.90 kcal × mol-1), corosolic acid (-10.80 kcal × mol-1), solaspigenin (-10.80 kcal × mol-1), paniculogenin (-10.70 kcal × mol-1), spirostane-3,6-dione (-10.70 kcal × mol-1) exhibited top binding score against MAPK14, these are higher than that of the standard drug (Doxorubicin) (-8.60 kcal × mol-1). Additionally, the five top-binding compounds revealed better drug-likeness traits and the lowest toxicity profiles. MD simulation studies confirmed the stability of the top five scored compounds with the MAPK14 binding pockets. According to these findings, the selected five compounds might be used as significant MAPK14 inhibitors and can be used as new medicines for the treatment of breast cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Petchimuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
| | - Chandu Ala
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
| | - Parasuraman Pavadai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani, India
| | | | - Krishnan Sundar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
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3
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Valdivia-Silva J, Chinney-Herrera A. Chemokine receptors and their ligands in breast cancer: The key roles in progression and metastasis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 388:124-161. [PMID: 39260935 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors are a family of chemotactic cytokines with important functions in the immune response in both health and disease. Their known physiological roles such as the regulation of leukocyte trafficking and the development of immune organs generated great interest when it was found that they were also related to the control of early and late inflammatory stages in the tumor microenvironment. In fact, in breast cancer, an imbalance in the synthesis of chemokines and/or in the expression of their receptors was attributed to be involved in the regulation of disease progression, including invasion and metastasis. Research in this area is progressing rapidly and the development of new agents based on chemokine and chemokine receptor antagonists are emerging as attractive alternative strategies. This chapter provides a snapshot of the different functions reported for chemokines and their receptors with respect to the potential to regulate breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Valdivia-Silva
- Centro de Investigación en Bioingenieria (BIO), Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia-UTEC, Barranco, Lima, Peru.
| | - Alberto Chinney-Herrera
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico-UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Malik S, Sureka N, Ahuja S, Aden D, Zaheer S, Zaheer S. Tumor-associated macrophages: A sentinel of innate immune system in tumor microenvironment gone haywire. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 39054741 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical determinant in the initiation, progression, and treatment outcomes of various cancers. Comprising of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), immune cells, blood vessels, and signaling molecules, the TME is often likened to the soil supporting the seed (tumor). Among its constituents, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role, exhibiting a dual nature as both promoters and inhibitors of tumor growth. This review explores the intricate relationship between TAMs and the TME, emphasizing their diverse functions, from phagocytosis and tissue repair to modulating immune responses. The plasticity of TAMs is highlighted, showcasing their ability to adopt either protumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic phenotypes based on environmental cues. In the context of cancer, TAMs' pro-tumorigenic activities include promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting immune responses, and fostering metastasis. The manuscript delves into therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs, emphasizing the challenges faced in depleting or inhibiting TAMs due to their multifaceted roles. The focus shifts towards reprogramming TAMs to an anti-tumorigenic M1-like phenotype, exploring interventions such as interferons, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and small molecule modulators. Noteworthy advancements include the use of CSF1R inhibitors, CD40 agonists, and CD47 blockade, demonstrating promising results in preclinical and clinical settings. A significant section is dedicated to Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) technology in macrophages (CAR-M cells). While CAR-T cells have shown success in hematological malignancies, their efficacy in solid tumors has been limited. CAR-M cells, engineered to infiltrate solid tumors, are presented as a potential breakthrough, with a focus on their development, challenges, and promising outcomes. The manuscript concludes with the exploration of third-generation CAR-M technology, offering insight into in-vivo reprogramming and nonviral vector approaches. In conclusion, understanding the complex and dynamic role of TAMs in cancer is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. While early-stage TAM-targeted therapies show promise, further extensive research and larger clinical trials are warranted to optimize their targeting and improve overall cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaivy Malik
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Niti Sureka
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sana Ahuja
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Durre Aden
- Department of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Science and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Samreen Zaheer
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, India
| | - Sufian Zaheer
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
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5
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Wang C, Nagayach A, Patel H, Dao L, Zhu H, Wasylishen AR, Fan Y, Kendler A, Guo Z. Utilizing human cerebral organoids to model breast cancer brain metastasis in culture. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:108. [PMID: 38951862 PMCID: PMC11218086 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis, the spread, and growth of malignant cells at secondary sites within a patient's body, accounts for over 90% of cancer-related mortality. Breast cancer is the most common tumor type diagnosed and the leading cause of cancer lethality in women in the United States. It is estimated that 10-16% breast cancer patients will have brain metastasis. Current therapies to treat patients with breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) remain palliative. This is largely due to our limited understanding of the fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms through which BCBM progresses, which represents a critical barrier for the development of efficient therapies for affected breast cancer patients. METHODS Previous research in BCBM relied on co-culture assays of tumor cells with rodent neural cells or rodent brain slice ex vivo. Given the need to overcome the obstacle for human-relevant host to study cell-cell communication in BCBM, we generated human embryonic stem cell-derived cerebral organoids to co-culture with human breast cancer cell lines. We used MDA-MB-231 and its brain metastatic derivate MDA-MB-231 Br-EGFP, other cell lines of MCF-7, HCC-1806, and SUM159PT. We leveraged this novel 3D co-culture platform to investigate the crosstalk of human breast cancer cells with neural cells in cerebral organoid. RESULTS We found that MDA-MB-231 and SUM159PT breast cancer cells formed tumor colonies in human cerebral organoids. Moreover, MDA-MB-231 Br-EGFP cells showed increased capacity to invade and expand in human cerebral organoids. CONCLUSIONS Our co-culture model has demonstrated a remarkable capacity to discern the brain metastatic ability of human breast cancer cells in cerebral organoids. The generation of BCBM-like structures in organoid will facilitate the study of human tumor microenvironment in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenran Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Aarti Nagayach
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Harsh Patel
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Lan Dao
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Hui Zhu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Amanda R Wasylishen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Ady Kendler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Ziyuan Guo
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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6
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Wu Y, Li Z, Lee AV, Oesterreich S, Luo B. Liver tropism of ER mutant breast cancer is characterized by unique molecular changes and immune infiltration. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 205:371-386. [PMID: 38427312 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hotspot estrogen receptor alpha (ER/ESR1) mutations are recognized as the driver for both endocrine resistance and metastasis in advanced ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer, but their contributions to metastatic organ tropism remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we aim to comprehensively profile the organotropic metastatic pattern for ESR1 mutant breast cancer. METHODS The organ-specific metastatic pattern of ESR1 mutant breast cancer was delineated using multi-omics data from multiple publicly available cohorts of ER+ metastatic breast cancer patients. Gene mutation/copy number variation (CNV) and differential gene expression analyses were performed to identify the genomic and transcriptomic alterations uniquely associated with ESR1 mutant liver metastasis. Upstream regulator, downstream pathway, and immune infiltration analysis were conducted for subsequent mechanistic investigations. RESULTS ESR1 mutation-driven liver tropism was revealed by significant differences, encompassing a higher prevalence of liver metastasis in patients with ESR1 mutant breast cancer and an enrichment of mutations in liver metastatic samples. The significant enrichment of AGO2 copy number amplifications (CNAs) and multiple gene expression changes were revealed uniquely in ESR1 mutant liver metastasis. We also unveiled alterations in downstream signaling pathways and immune infiltration, particularly an enrichment of neutrophils, suggesting potential therapeutic vulnerabilities. CONCLUSION Our data provide a comprehensive characterization of the behaviors and mechanisms of ESR1 mutant liver metastasis, paving the way for the development of personalized therapy to target liver metastasis for patients with ESR1 mutant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zheqi Li
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adrian V Lee
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China.
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Shahi S, Kang T, Fonseka P. Extracellular Vesicles in Pathophysiology: A Prudent Target That Requires Careful Consideration. Cells 2024; 13:754. [PMID: 38727289 PMCID: PMC11083420 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles released by cells to perform multitudes of biological functions. Owing to their significant implications in diseases, the pathophysiological role of EVs continues to be extensively studied, leading research to neglect the need to explore their role in normal physiology. Despite this, many identified physiological functions of EVs, including, but not limited to, tissue repair, early development and aging, are attributed to their modulatory role in various signaling pathways via intercellular communication. EVs are widely perceived as a potential therapeutic strategy for better prognosis, primarily through utilization as a mode of delivery vehicle. Moreover, disease-associated EVs serve as candidates for the targeted inhibition by pharmacological or genetic means. However, these attempts are often accompanied by major challenges, such as off-target effects, which may result in adverse phenotypes. This renders the clinical efficacy of EVs elusive, indicating that further understanding of the specific role of EVs in physiology may enhance their utility. This review highlights the essential role of EVs in maintaining cellular homeostasis under different physiological settings, and also discusses the various aspects that may potentially hinder the robust utility of EV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pamali Fonseka
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (S.S.); (T.K.)
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8
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Koh NH, Oh HY. Case report: Unusual breast cancer metastasis manifesting as a scalp lesion in a patient with invasive lobular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1361333. [PMID: 38646434 PMCID: PMC11026626 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1361333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women globally, often leading to distant metastasis in the lung, liver, or bones. Cutaneous metastasis represents an uncommon pattern in breast cancer, but when observed, it tends to manifest in the thorax and upper abdomen, primarily due to lymph node involvement. Therefore, occurrences of cutaneous metastasis on the scalp and extremities are infrequent. Moreover, invasive lobular carcinoma metastasizing to remote skin is rare among the breast cancer. This report presents a case of cutaneous metastasis of invasive lobular carcinoma to the scalp in a patient treated for breast cancer six years ago, with no signs of local recurrence or metastasis to other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ha Yeun Oh
- Department of Radiology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Freret ME, Boire A. The anatomic basis of leptomeningeal metastasis. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20212121. [PMID: 38451255 PMCID: PMC10919154 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), or spread of cancer to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled space surrounding the central nervous system, is a fatal complication of cancer. Entry into this space poses an anatomical challenge for cancer cells; movement of cells between the blood and CSF is tightly regulated by the blood-CSF barriers. Anatomical understanding of the leptomeninges provides a roadmap of corridors for cancer entry. This Review describes the anatomy of the leptomeninges and routes of cancer spread to the CSF. Granular understanding of LM by route of entry may inform strategies for novel diagnostic and preventive strategies as well as therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E. Freret
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrienne Boire
- Department of Neurology, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Bacon ER, Ihle K, Guo W, Egelston CA, Simons DL, Wei C, Tumyan L, Schmolze D, Lee PP, Waisman JR. Tumor heterogeneity and clinically invisible micrometastases in metastatic breast cancer-a call for enhanced surveillance strategies. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:81. [PMID: 38553598 PMCID: PMC10980766 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The biology of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is understudied, primarily due to the difficulty of procuring multiple samples from patients with oligometastatic breast cancer. We developed a rapid postmortem tissue procurement program that allows the collection and analysis of numerous metastatic lesions, subclinical locations, and potential pre-metastatic niches that fall within this scope. We conducted a rapid postmortem tissue collection study on 9 patients with MBC. Patients and their families consented to donate tissues immediately after death in an IRB-approved study. Various disease subtypes, progression histories, organ involvement, and final causes of death are reported. In patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) disease, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2, and Ki-67 expression were heterogeneous across metastatic lesions within individual patients. Disease phenotype at the end of life trended toward complete loss of HR expression. Nearly all (n = 7) patients exhibited extensive tumor involvement of additional organs that had not been previously diagnosed clinically and were not retrospectively visible on recent imaging. Of these seven individuals, three included organs uncommonly associated with MBC: kidney, spleen, pancreas, and ovary. Finally, we identified clinically undetectable micrometastases in several organs uncommonly involved in MBC. Our findings raise several clinically relevant questions regarding the mechanisms of metastatic progression. Insights from this study argue for better surveillance strategies for monitoring MBC. We highlight the need to capture more accurate biomarker information in the context of heterogeneous disease and urge the consideration of treatment strategies that combine multiple targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza R Bacon
- The Center for Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Kena Ihle
- The Center for Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Weihua Guo
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Colt A Egelston
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Diana L Simons
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Christina Wei
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Lusine Tumyan
- Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Daniel Schmolze
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Peter P Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - James R Waisman
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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11
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Clinical practice guidelines for full-cycle standardized management of bone health in breast cancer patients. CANCER INNOVATION 2024; 3:e111. [PMID: 38948531 PMCID: PMC11212291 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Bone health management for breast cancer spans the entire cycle of patient care, including the prevention and treatment of bone loss caused by early breast cancer treatment, the adjuvant application of bone-modifying agents to improve prognosis, and the diagnosis and treatment of advanced bone metastases. Making good bone health management means formulating appropriate treatment strategies and dealing with adverse drug reactions, and will help to improve patients' quality of life and survival rates. The Breast Cancer Expert Committee of the National Cancer Center for Quality Control organized relevant experts to conduct an in-depth discussion on the full-cycle management of breast cancer bone health based on evidence-based medicine, and put forward reasonable suggestions to guide clinicians to better deal with health issues in bone health clinics.
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12
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Conceição ALC, Müller V, Burandt EC, Mohme M, Nielsen LC, Liebi M, Haas S. Unveiling breast cancer metastasis through an advanced X-ray imaging approach. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1448. [PMID: 38228854 PMCID: PMC10791658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a significant global health burden, causing a substantial number of deaths. Systemic metastatic tumour cell dissemination is a major cause of poor outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms underlying metastasis is crucial for effective interventions. Changes in the extracellular matrix play a pivotal role in breast cancer metastasis. In this work, we present an advanced multimodal X-ray computed tomography, by combining Small-angle X-ray Scattering Tensor Tomography (SAXS-TT) and X-ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography (XRF-CT). This approach likely brings out valuable information about the breast cancer metastasis cascade. Initial results from its application on a breast cancer specimen reveal the collective influence of key molecules in the metastatic mechanism, identifying a strong correlation between zinc accumulation (associated with matrix metalloproteinases MMPs) and highly oriented collagen. MMPs trigger collagen alignment, facilitating breast cancer cell intravasation, while iron accumulation, linked to angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF, supports cell proliferation and metastasis. Therefore, these findings highlight the potential of the advanced multimodal X-ray computed tomography approach and pave the way for in-depth investigation of breast cancer metastasis, which may guide the development of novel therapeutic approaches and enable personalised treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes in breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre L C Conceição
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike-Christian Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Mohme
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonard C Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marianne Liebi
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvio Haas
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Cheng S, Wan X, Yang L, Qin Y, Chen S, Liu Y, Sun Y, Qiu Y, Huang L, Qin Q, Cui X, Wu M, Liu M. RGCC-mediated PLK1 activity drives breast cancer lung metastasis by phosphorylating AMPKα2 to activate oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:342. [PMID: 38102722 PMCID: PMC10722681 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 90% of the mortality of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients is attributed to cancer metastasis with organotropism. The lung is a frequent site of TNBC metastasis. However, the precise molecular mechanism for lung-specific metastasis of TNBC is not well understood. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed to identify patterns of gene expression associated with lung metastatic behavior using 4T1-LM3, MBA-MB-231-LM3, and their parental cells (4T1-P, MBA-MB-231-P). Expressions of RGCC, called regulator of cell cycle or response gene to complement 32 protein, were detected in TNBC cells and tissues by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Kinase activity assay was performed to evaluate PLK1 kinase activity. The amount of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase α2 (AMPKα2) was detected by immunoblotting. RGCC-mediated metabolism was determined by UHPLC system. Oxidative phosphorylation was evaluated by JC-1 staining and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) assay. Fatty acid oxidation assay was conducted to measure the status of RGCC-mediated fatty acid oxidation. NADPH and ROS levels were detected by well-established assays. The chemical sensitivity of cells was evaluated by CCK8 assay. RESULTS RGCC is aberrantly upregulated in pulmonary metastatic cells. High level of RGCC is significantly related with lung metastasis in comparison with other organ metastases. RGCC can effectively promote kinase activity of PLK1, and the activated PLK1 phosphorylates AMPKα2 to facilitate TNBC lung metastasis. Mechanistically, the RGCC/PLK1/AMPKα2 signal axis increases oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria to generate more energy, and promotes fatty acid oxidation to produce abundant NADPH. These metabolic changes contribute to sustaining redox homeostasis and preventing excessive accumulation of potentially detrimental ROS in metastatic tumor cells, thereby supporting TNBC cell survival and colonization during metastases. Importantly, targeting RGCC in combination with paclitaxel/carboplatin effectively suppresses pulmonary TNBC lung metastasis in a mouse model. CONCLUSIONS RGCC overexpression is significantly associated with lung-specific metastasis of TNBC. RGCC activates AMPKα2 and downstream signaling through RGCC-driven PLK1 activity to facilitate TNBC lung metastasis. The study provides implications for RGCC-driven OXPHOS and fatty acid oxidation as important therapeutic targets for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Yu-Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xueying Wan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Yu-Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yilu Qin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-Construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Shanchun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Yu-Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yongcan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Yu-Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Basic Medical School, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuxiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Yu-Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Luyi Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated By the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qizhong Qin
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91006, USA
| | - Mingjun Wu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Yu-Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Yu-Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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14
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Sun Y, Xing L, Luo J, Yu M, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhou T, Jiang H. A Pro-Metastatic Derivatives Eliminator for In Vivo Dual-Removal of Circulating Tumor Cells and Tumor-Derived Exosomes Impedes their Biodistribution into Distant Organs. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304287. [PMID: 37867235 PMCID: PMC10700241 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) play an irreplaceable role in the metastatic cascade and preventing them from reaching distant organs via blood circulation helps to reduce the probability of cancer recurrence and metastasis. However, technologies that can simultaneously prevent CTCs and TDEs from reaching distant organs have not been thoroughly developed until now. Here, inspired by hemoperfusion, a pro-metastatic derivative eliminator (PMDE) is developed for the removal of both CTCs and TDEs from the peripheral blood, which also inhibits their biodistribution in distant organs. This device is designed with a dual antibody-modified immunosorbent filled into a capture column that draws peripheral blood out of the body to flow through the column to specifically capture CTCs and TDEs, followed by retransfusing the purified blood into the body. The PMDE can efficiently remove CTCs and TDEs from the peripheral blood and has excellent biocompatibility. Interestingly, the PMDE device can significantly inhibit the biodistribution of CTCs and TDEs in the lung and liver by scavenging them. This work provides a new perspective on anti-metastatic therapy and has broad prospects in clinical applications to prevent metastasis and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of BiopharmaceuticalsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic DiseasesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Ming‐Tao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Xiao‐Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Tian‐Jiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Hu‐Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of BiopharmaceuticalsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic DiseasesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
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15
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Patras L, Paul D, Matei IR. Weaving the nest: extracellular matrix roles in pre-metastatic niche formation. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1163786. [PMID: 37350937 PMCID: PMC10282420 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1163786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery that primary tumors condition distant organ sites of future metastasis for seeding by disseminating tumor cells through a process described as the pre-metastatic niche (PMN) formation revolutionized our understanding of cancer progression and opened new avenues for therapeutic interventions. Given the inherent inefficiency of metastasis, PMN generation is crucial to ensure the survival of rare tumor cells in the otherwise hostile environments of metastatic organs. Early on, it was recognized that preparing the "soil" of the distal organ to support the outgrowth of metastatic cells is the initiating event in PMN development, achieved through the remodeling of the organ's extracellular matrix (ECM). Remote restructuring of ECM at future sites of metastasis under the influence of primary tumor-secreted factors is an iterative process orchestrated through the crosstalk between resident stromal cells, such as fibroblasts, epithelial and endothelial cells, and recruited innate immune cells. In this review, we will explore the ECM changes, cellular effectors, and the mechanisms of ECM remodeling throughout PMN progression, as well as its impact on shaping the PMN and ultimately promoting metastasis. Moreover, we highlight the clinical and translational implications of PMN ECM changes and opportunities for therapeutically targeting the ECM to hinder PMN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Patras
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Doru Paul
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Irina R. Matei
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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16
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Zahari S, Syafruddin SE, Mohtar MA. Impact of the Cancer Cell Secretome in Driving Breast Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092653. [PMID: 37174117 PMCID: PMC10177134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease resulting from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in breast epithelial cells. Despite remarkable progress in diagnosis and treatment, breast cancer continues to be the most prevalent cancer affecting women worldwide. Recent research has uncovered a compelling link between breast cancer onset and the extracellular environment enveloping tumor cells. The complex network of proteins secreted by cancer cells and other cellular components within the tumor microenvironment has emerged as a critical player in driving the disease's metastatic properties. Specifically, the proteins released by the tumor cells termed the secretome, can significantly influence the progression and metastasis of breast cancer. The breast cancer cell secretome promotes tumorigenesis through its ability to modulate growth-associated signaling pathways, reshaping the tumor microenvironment, supporting pre-metastatic niche formation, and facilitating immunosurveillance evasion. Additionally, the secretome has been shown to play a crucial role in drug resistance development, making it an attractive target for cancer therapy. Understanding the intricate role of the cancer cell secretome in breast cancer progression will provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of this disease and aid in the development of more innovative therapeutic interventions. Hence, this review provides a nuanced analysis of the impact of the cancer cell secretome on breast cancer progression, elucidates the complex reciprocal interaction with the components of the tumor microenvironment and highlights emerging therapeutic opportunities for targeting the constituents of the secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syazalina Zahari
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Effendi Syafruddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - M Aiman Mohtar
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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17
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Hebert JD, Neal JW, Winslow MM. Dissecting metastasis using preclinical models and methods. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:391-407. [PMID: 37138029 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis has long been understood to lead to the overwhelming majority of cancer-related deaths. However, our understanding of the metastatic process, and thus our ability to prevent or eliminate metastases, remains frustratingly limited. This is largely due to the complexity of metastasis, which is a multistep process that likely differs across cancer types and is greatly influenced by many aspects of the in vivo microenvironment. In this Review, we discuss the key variables to consider when designing assays to study metastasis: which source of metastatic cancer cells to use and where to introduce them into mice to address different questions of metastasis biology. We also examine methods that are being used to interrogate specific steps of the metastatic cascade in mouse models, as well as emerging techniques that may shed new light on previously inscrutable aspects of metastasis. Finally, we explore approaches for developing and using anti-metastatic therapies, and how mouse models can be used to test them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess D Hebert
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joel W Neal
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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18
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Patras L, Shaashua L, Matei I, Lyden D. Immune determinants of the pre-metastatic niche. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:546-572. [PMID: 36917952 PMCID: PMC10170403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Primary tumors actively and specifically prime pre-metastatic niches (PMNs), the future sites of organotropic metastasis, preparing these distant microenvironments for disseminated tumor cell arrival. While initial studies of the PMN focused on extracellular matrix alterations and stromal reprogramming, it is increasingly clear that the far-reaching effects of tumors are in great part achieved through systemic and local PMN immunosuppression. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment and provide a comprehensive overview of the immune determinants of the PMN's spatiotemporal evolution. Moreover, we depict the PMN immune landscape, based on functional pre-clinical studies as well as mounting clinical evidence, and the dynamic, reciprocal crosstalk with systemic changes imposed by cancer progression. Finally, we outline emerging therapeutic approaches that alter the dynamics of the interactions driving PMN formation and reverse immunosuppression programs in the PMN ensuring early anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Patras
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lee Shaashua
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irina Matei
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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19
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Organotropism of breast cancer metastasis: A comprehensive approach to the shared gene network. GENE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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20
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Increased Prevalence of EBV Infection in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients: A Six-Year Cross-Sectional Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030643. [PMID: 36765601 PMCID: PMC9913071 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) is implicated in the carcinogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and currently associated with at least 1% of global cancers. The differential prognosis analysis of NPC in EBV genotypes remains to be elucidated. Medical, radiological, pathological, and laboratory reports of 146 NPC patients were collected retrospectively over a 6-year period between 2015 and 2020. From the pathology archives, DNA was extracted from tumor blocks and used for EBV nuclear antigen 3C (EBNA-3C) genotyping by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found a high prevalence of 96% of EBV infection in NPC patients with a predominance of genotype I detected in 73% of NPC samples. Histopathological examination showed that most of the NPC patients were in the advanced stages of cancer: stage III (38.4%) or stage IV-B (37.7%). Only keratinized squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher in EBV negative NPC patients compared with those who were EBV positive (OR = 0.01, 95%CI = (0.004-0.32; p = 0.009)), whereas the majority of patients (91.8%) had undifferentiated, non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, followed by differentiated, non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (7.5%). Although NPC had metastasized to 16% of other body sites, it was not associated with EBV infection, except for lung metastasis. A statistically significant reverse association was observed between EBV infection and lung metastasis (OR = 0.07, 95%CI = (0.01-0.51; p = 0.008)). Although 13% of NPC patients died, the overall survival (OS) mean time was 5.59 years. Given the high prevalence of EBV-associated NPC in our population, Saudi could be considered as an area with a high incidence of EBV-associated NPC with a predominance of EBV genotype I. A future multi-center study with a larger sample size is needed to assess the true burden of EBV-associated NPC in Saudi Arabia.
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21
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Wnt Signaling in the Development of Bone Metastasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233934. [PMID: 36497192 PMCID: PMC9739050 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling occurs through evolutionarily conserved pathways that affect cellular proliferation and fate decisions during development and tissue maintenance. Alterations in these highly regulated pathways, however, play pivotal roles in various malignancies, promoting cancer initiation, growth and metastasis and the development of drug resistance. The ability of cancer cells to metastasize is the primary cause of cancer mortality. Bone is one of the most frequent sites of metastases that generally arise from breast, prostate, lung, melanoma or kidney cancer. Upon their arrival to the bone, cancer cells can enter a long-term dormancy period, from which they can be reactivated, but can rarely be cured. The activation of Wnt signaling during the bone metastasis process was found to enhance proliferation, induce the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, promote the modulation of the extracellular matrix, enhance angiogenesis and immune tolerance and metastasize and thrive in the bone. Due to the complexity of Wnt pathways and of the landscape of this mineralized tissue, Wnt function during metastatic progression within bone is not yet fully understood. Therefore, we believe that a better understanding of these pathways and their roles in the development of bone metastasis could improve our understanding of the disease and may constitute fertile ground for potential therapeutics.
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22
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Liu C, Mohan SC, Wei J, Seki E, Liu M, Basho R, Giuliano AE, Zhao Y, Cui X. Breast cancer liver metastasis: Pathogenesis and clinical implications. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1043771. [PMID: 36387238 PMCID: PMC9641291 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1043771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease in female patients worldwide and can spread to almost every place in the human body, most frequently metastasizing to lymph nodes, bones, lungs, liver and brain. The liver is a common metastatic location for solid cancers as a whole, and it is also the third most common metastatic site for breast cancer. Breast cancer liver metastasis (BCLM) is a complex process. Although the hepatic microenvironment and liver sinusoidal structure are crucial factors for the initial arrest of breast cancer and progression within the liver, the biological basis of BCLM remains to be elucidated. Importantly, further understanding of the interaction between breast cancer cells and hepatic microenvironment in the liver metastasis of breast cancer will suggest ways for the development of effective therapy and prevention strategies for BCLM. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the hepatic microenvironment in BCLM formation and discuss current systemic therapies for treating patients with BCLM as well as potential therapeutic development based on the liver microenvironment-associated signaling proteins governing BCLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiwei Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Srivarshini C. Mohan
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jielin Wei
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Reva Basho
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- The Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Armando E. Giuliano
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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23
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Qiao RQ, Zhang HR, Ma RX, Li RF, Hu YC. Prognostic Factors for Bone Survival and Functional Outcomes in Patients With Breast Cancer Spine Metastases. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221122642. [PMID: 36214255 PMCID: PMC9551339 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221122642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the Global Cancer Statistics 2020 report, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Patients with mammary cancer live longer due to the continuous optimization of chemotherapy, targeted drugs, and hormone therapy, which will inevitably lead to an increase in the prevalence of metastatic bone tumors. Bone metastasis affects approximately 8% of patients with mammary cancer, with the spine being the most common site. Metastatic neoplasms can invade the centrum and its attachments, leading to local pain, spinal instability, vertebral pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, impaired neurological function, and paralysis, ultimately reducing the quality of life. Multidisciplinary and personalized management using analgesic drugs, endocrine therapy, corticosteroid therapy, chemotherapy, bisphosphonates, immunotherapy, targeted drugs, radiotherapy, and surgery has been advocated for the treatment of spinal metastases. Multiple paradigms and systems have been proposed to determine suitable treatments. In the early stages, the occurrence of metastasis indicates a terminal stage of the tumor process in patients with malignant tumors, implying that their lifespan is limited. As a result, the choice of treatment is heavily influenced by longevity. However, with the development of treatment methods, the lifespan of patients with tumors has considerably increased in recent years. This leads to the choice of patient's treatment, which depends not only on the patient's survival, but also on the radiotherapy or postoperative functional outcomes. Nevertheless, they fall short of determining the variables that affect survival and functional outcomes in histology-specific subgroups of breast cancer. To accurately predict the bone survival and functional outcomes of patients with breast cancer spine metastases a review of prognostic factors was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-qi Qiao
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology,
Tianjin
Hospital, Tianjin, China,Graduate School, Tianjin Medical
University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao-Ran Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology,
Tianjin
Hospital, Tianjin, China,Graduate School, Tianjin Medical
University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong-Xing Ma
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology,
Tianjin
Hospital, Tianjin, China,Graduate School, Tianjin Medical
University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui-feng Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology,
Tianjin
Hospital, Tianjin, China,Graduate School, Tianjin Medical
University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong-cheng Hu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology,
Tianjin
Hospital, Tianjin, China,Yong-cheng Hu MD, PhD, Department of Bone
and Soft Tissue Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, 406 Jiefang Southern Road, Tianjin,
China.
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24
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Ebrahimi A, Pirali Hamedani M, Mohammadzadeh P, Safari M, Esmaeil Sadat Ebrahimi S, Seyed Hamzeh M, Shafiee Ardestani M, Masoumeh Ghoreishi S. 99mTc- Anionic dendrimer targeted vascular endothelial growth factor as a novel nano-radiotracer for in-vivo breast cancer imaging. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106085. [PMID: 35964502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Since breast cancer is the commonly cause of death among women around the world, diagnosis at the early stages is significantly important to prevent the metastasis of the cancer. Among the various growth factors that are involved in angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is believed to be the most important factor. Overexpressed VEGF receptor on tumors surface, is particularly interesting for cancer cells targeting purposes. In this study, citric acid dendrimer conjugated with VEGF antagonist peptide was synthesized. The obtained product was confirmed by FT-IR, TEM, DLS, and EDS. In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed no toxicity on normal cells and indicated the notably dose-dependence toxicity on cancer cells. Box-Behnken software as a computational method was used to determine the optimum amount of radiolabeling parameters. Optimized parameters for reducing agent, dendrimer-anti-VEGF, and time were 1.4 mg, 17.5 mg, and about 30 min respectively. Radiochemical purity of radio-labeled conjugated dendrimer was determined about 90 percent. SPECT imaging was done to observe the in vivo accumulation of dendrimer-anti-VEGF in the tumor site. Images showed high accumulation of radio-tracer in the tumor region. All in all, obtained results confirmed our hypothesis that the dendrimer-anti-VEGF can be a good radio-tracer for diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Ebrahimi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Pirali Hamedani
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Safari
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Medical Nanotechnology, Branch of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Seyed Hamzeh
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Masoumeh Ghoreishi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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25
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Kang GJ, Park JH, Kim HJ, Kim EJ, Kim B, Byun HJ, Yu L, Nguyen TM, Nguyen TH, Kim KS, Huy HP, Rahman M, Kim YH, Jang JY, Park MK, Lee H, Choi CI, Lee K, Han HK, Cho J, Rho SB, Lee CH. PRR16/Largen Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition through the Interaction with ABI2 Leading to the Activation of ABL1 Kinase. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:340-347. [PMID: 35719027 PMCID: PMC9252882 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced or metastatic breast cancer affects multiple organs and is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Cancer metastasis is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal metastasis (EMT). However, the specific signals that induce and regulate EMT in carcinoma cells remain unclear. PRR16/Largen is a cell size regulator that is independent of mTOR and Hippo signalling pathways. However, little is known about the role PRR16 plays in the EMT process. We found that the expression of PRR16 was increased in mesenchymal breast cancer cell lines. PRR16 overexpression induced EMT in MCF7 breast cancer cells and enhances migration and invasion. To determine how PRR16 induces EMT, the binding proteins for PRR16 were screened, revealing that PRR16 binds to Abl interactor 2 (ABI2). We then investigated whether ABI2 is involved in EMT. Gene silencing of ABI2 induces EMT, leading to enhanced migration and invasion. ABI2 is a gene that codes for a protein that interacts with ABL proto-oncogene 1 (ABL1) kinase. Therefore, we investigated whether the change in ABI2 expression affected the activation of ABL1 kinase. The knockdown of ABI2 and PRR16 overexpression increased the phosphorylation of Y412 in ABL1 kinase. Our results suggest that PRR16 may be involved in EMT by binding to ABI2 and interfering with its inhibition of ABL1 kinase. This indicates that ABL1 kinase inhibitors may be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of PRR16-related breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeoung Jin Kang
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jung Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Boram Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Lu Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuan Minh Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Ha Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiệu Phùng Huy
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Mostafizur Rahman
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Hyeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea.,National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ick Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Kyung Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bae Rho
- National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
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26
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Abdel Sater AH, Bouferraa Y, Amhaz G, Haibe Y, Lakkiss AE, Shamseddine A. From Tumor Cells to Endothelium and Gut Microbiome: A Complex Interaction Favoring the Metastasis Cascade. Front Oncol 2022; 12:804983. [PMID: 35600385 PMCID: PMC9117727 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.804983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a complicated process through which tumor cells disseminate to distant organs and adapt to novel tumor microenvironments. This multi-step cascade relies on the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations within the tumor cells as well as the surrounding non-tumor stromal cells. Endothelial cells constitute a major player in promoting metastasis formation either by inducing the growth of tumor cells or by directing them towards dissemination in the blood or lymph. In fact, the direct and indirect interactions between tumor and endothelial cells were shown to activate several mechanisms allowing cancer cells’ invasion and extravasation. On the other side, gastrointestinal cancer development was shown to be associated with the disruption of the gut microbiome. While several proposed mechanisms have been investigated in this regard, gut and tumor-associated microbiota were shown to impact the gut endothelial barrier, increasing the dissemination of bacteria through the systemic circulation. This bacterial dislocation allows the formation of an inflammatory premetastatic niche in the distant organs promoting the metastatic cascade of primary tumors. In this review, we discuss the role of the endothelial cells in the metastatic cascade of tumors. We will focus on the role of the gut vascular barrier in the regulation metastasis. We will also discuss the interaction between this vascular barrier and the gut microbiota enhancing the process of metastasis. In addition, we will try to elucidate the different mechanisms through which this bacterial dislocation prepares the favorable metastatic niche at distant organs allowing the dissemination and successful deposition of tumor cells in the new microenvironments. Finally, and given the promising results of the studies combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with either microbiota alterations or anti-angiogenic therapy in many types of cancer, we will elaborate in this review the complex interaction between these 3 factors and their possible therapeutic combination to optimize response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Abdel Sater
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef Bouferraa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghid Amhaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yolla Haibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed El Lakkiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Shamseddine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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27
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Qi Y, Zhao T, Li R, Han M. Macrophage-Secreted S100A4 Supports Breast Cancer Metastasis by Remodeling the Extracellular Matrix in the Premetastatic Niche. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9895504. [PMID: 35496059 PMCID: PMC9046007 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9895504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related mortalities. A tumor-supportive microenvironment, also known as the premetastatic niche at secondary tumor sites, plays a crucial role in metastasis. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for premetastatic niche formation, especially for circulating tumor cell colonization. However, the underlying molecular mechanism that contributes to this effect remains unclear. Here, we developed a lung metastasis model with 4T1 breast cancer cells and found that the metastasis critically depended on the early recruitment of macrophages to the lung. Disruption of macrophage recruitment reduced fibroblast activation and lung metastasis. Furthermore, we identified the secreted protein S100A4, which is produced by M2 macrophages and participates in fibroblast activation and ECM protein deposition via the ERK signaling pathway. Collectively, these results indicate that recruiting S100A4-expressing inflammatory macrophages plays a vital role in ECM remodeling in the premetastatic niche and may act as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Qi
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
| | - Ranran Li
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
| | - Mingyong Han
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
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28
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Binay S, Kaptan E. Transcription factor Runx2 changes the expression of some matricellular proteins in metastatic breast cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6433-6441. [PMID: 35441354 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07457-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Runx2 is one of the runt-related genes that are overexpressed in human cancers and contribute to metastasis. The cancer cell metastasis requires modifications of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and reduction in ECM-cell interaction. This process is performed by various enzymes and proteins secreted by cancer and surrounding cells. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the Runx2 transcription factor on the expression of matricellular proteins such as HPA1, LOX, SPARC, and OPN, which have important roles in ECM modification and ECM-cell interaction in human breast cancer. Also, the changes in their associated oncogenic pathways including Akt, Erk, FAK activities, and c-jun protein expression were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Runx2 knockdown model was created using runx2 siRNA in MDA-MB-231 human metastatic breast cancer cells. The changes in the mRNA and protein expressions of ECM proteins were shown by the qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. The results showed that there was a decrease in both mRNA and protein expressions of HPA1, SPARC, and LOX, whereas there was no change in those of OPN. Phosphorylated Akt, Erk, FAK levels, and protein expression of c-jun, however, decreased in the cells. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that Runx2 affected matricellular protein expression, which is important for metastasis and invasion of breast cancer. Hence, we have concluded that runx2 appears to be efficient for regulating breast cancer metastasis through an expression of matricellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Binay
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Engin Kaptan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey.
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29
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Zhang X. Identification of potential prognostic markers associated with lung metastasis in breast cancer by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Cancer Biomark 2022; 33:299-310. [PMID: 34459389 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is an aggressive cancer with a high percentage recurrence and metastasis. As one of the most common distant metastasis organ in BC, lung metastasis has a worse prognosis than that of liver and bone. Therefore, it's important to explore some potential prognostic markers associated with the lung metastasis in BC for preventive treatment. In this study, transcriptomic data and clinical information of BC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Co-expression modules constructed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) found the royal blue module was significantly associated with lung metastasis in BC. Then, co-expression genes of this module were analyzed for functional enrichment. Furthermore, the prognostic value of these genes was assessed by GEPIA Database and Kaplan-Meier Plotter. Results showed that the hub genes, LMNB and CDC20, were up-regulated in BC and had a worse survival of the patients. Therefore, we speculate that these two genes play crucial roles in the process of lung metastasis in BC, which can be used as potential prognostic markers in lung metastasis of BC. Collectively, our study identified two potential key genes in the lung metastasis of BC, which might be applied as the prognostic markers of the precise treatment in breast cancer with lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixun Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
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30
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Kitayama K, Kawamoto T, Kawakami Y, Hara H, Takemori T, Fujiwara S, Yahiro S, Miyamoto T, Mifune Y, Hoshino Y, Kakutani K, Matsumoto T, Matsushita T, Niikura T, Kuroda R, Akisue T. Regulatory roles of miRNAs 16, 133a, and 223 on osteoclastic bone destruction caused by breast cancer metastasis. Int J Oncol 2021; 59:97. [PMID: 34713296 PMCID: PMC8562387 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic bone metastasis leads to skeletal-related events, resulting in a decline in the patient activities and survival; therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism underlying bone metastasis. Recent studies have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are involved in osteoclast differentiation and/or osteolytic bone metastasis; however, the roles of miRNAs have not been elucidated. In the present study, the roles of miRNAs in bone destruction caused by breast cancer metastasis were investigated in vitro and in vivo. miR-16, miR-133a and miR-223 were transfected into a human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. The expression of osteolytic factors in conditioned medium (miR-CM) collected from the culture of transfected cells was assessed. To evaluate the effects of miRNAs on osteoclast differentiation and activities, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and bone resorptive assays were performed in osteoclasts following miR-CM treatment. To create in vivo bone metastasis models for histological and morphometric evaluation, miRNA-transfected MDA-MB-231 cells were transplanted into the proximal tibia of nude mice. Expression of osteolytic factors, including receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), was increased in miR-16-CM, whereas it was decreased in both miR-133a-CM and miR-223-CM. TRAP staining and bone resorptive assays revealed that osteoclast function and activities were promoted by miR-16-CM treatment, whereas they were suppressed by miR-133a-CM and miR-223-CM. Consistent with in vitro findings, in vivo experiments revealed that the overexpression of miR-16 increased osteoclast activities and bone destruction in MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas the opposite results were observed in both miR-133a- and miR-223-transfected MDA-MB-231 cells. Our results indicated that miR-16 promoted osteoclast activities and bone destruction caused by breast cancer metastasis in the bone microenvironment, whereas miR-133a and miR-223 suppressed them. These miRNAs could be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumichi Kitayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Teruya Kawamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawakami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Hitomi Hara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takemori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Shuichi Fujiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yahiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Yutaka Mifune
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hoshino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kakutani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Takehiko Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Takahiro Niikura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akisue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650‑0017, Japan
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Chick Embryo Experimental Platform for Micrometastases Research in a 3D Tissue Engineering Model: Cancer Biology, Drug Development, and Nanotechnology Applications. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111578. [PMID: 34829808 PMCID: PMC8615510 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonization of distant organs by tumor cells is a critical step of cancer progression. The initial avascular stage of this process (micrometastasis) remains almost inaccessible to study due to the lack of relevant experimental approaches. Herein, we introduce an in vitro/in vivo model of organ-specific micrometastases of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) that is fully implemented in a cost-efficient chick embryo (CE) experimental platform. The model was built as three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering constructs (TECs) combining human MDA-MB-231 cells and decellularized CE organ-specific scaffolds. TNBC cells colonized CE organ-specific scaffolds in 2–3 weeks, forming tissue-like structures. The feasibility of this methodology for basic cancer research, drug development, and nanomedicine was demonstrated on a model of hepatic micrometastasis of TNBC. We revealed that MDA-MB-231 differentially colonize parenchymal and stromal compartments of the liver-specific extracellular matrix (LS-ECM) and become more resistant to the treatment with molecular doxorubicin (Dox) and Dox-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles than in monolayer cultures. When grafted on CE chorioallantoic membrane, LS-ECM-based TECs induced angiogenic switch. These findings may have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC. The methodology established here is scalable and adaptable for pharmacological testing and cancer biology research of various metastatic and primary tumors.
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32
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Martinez-Vidal L, Murdica V, Venegoni C, Pederzoli F, Bandini M, Necchi A, Salonia A, Alfano M. Causal contributors to tissue stiffness and clinical relevance in urology. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1011. [PMID: 34446834 PMCID: PMC8390675 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanomedicine is an emerging field focused on characterizing mechanical changes in cells and tissues coupled with a specific disease. Understanding the mechanical cues that drive disease progression, and whether tissue stiffening can precede disease development, is crucial in order to define new mechanical biomarkers to improve and develop diagnostic and prognostic tools. Classically known stromal regulators, such as fibroblasts, and more recently acknowledged factors such as the microbiome and extracellular vesicles, play a crucial role in modifications to the stroma and extracellular matrix (ECM). These modifications ultimately lead to an alteration of the mechanical properties (stiffness) of the tissue, contributing to disease onset and progression. We describe here classic and emerging mediators of ECM remodeling, and discuss state-of-the-art studies characterizing mechanical fingerprints of urological diseases, showing a general trend between increased tissue stiffness and severity of disease. Finally, we point to the clinical potential of tissue stiffness as a diagnostic and prognostic factor in the urological field, as well as a possible target for new innovative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martinez-Vidal
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Murdica
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Venegoni
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pederzoli
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Salonia
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Alfano
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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33
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Jafari A, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Niknejad H, Zali H. Tumor Targeting by Conditioned Medium Derived From Human Amniotic Membrane: New Insight in Breast Cancer Therapy. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211036318. [PMID: 34402329 PMCID: PMC8375331 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211036318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Traditional breast cancer treatments have challenges including inefficiency, multidrug resistance, severe side effects, and targeting non-specifically. The development of alternative treatment strategies has attracted a great deal of interest. Using the amniotic membrane has become a promising and convenient new approach for cancer therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer ability of conditioned medium extracted from the human amniotic membrane (hAM-CM) on breast cancer cells. Methods: Conditioned medium was collected after 48 h incubation of hAM in epithelial up manner. MTT, cell cycle, apoptosis, colony formation, and sphere assays were used to determine the impact of hAM-CM on breast cancer cell lines. The effects of hAM-CM on the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells were determined using scratch wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. Results: Based on the results, cell viability was significantly decreased by hAM-CM in a dose-dependent manner. The hAM-CM remarkably induced apoptosis and necrosis of cancer cells. Moreover, cell migration and invasion potential of cancer cells decreased after the hAM-CM treatment. Further, both the number of colonies and their morphologies were affected by the treatment. In the treated group, a significant decrease in the number of colonies along with an obvious change in their morphologies from holoclone shape to a dominant paracolone structure was observed. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the conditioned medium derived from the human amniotic membrane able to inhibit proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells and can be considered a natural and valuable candidate for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Jafari
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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34
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Fazary AE, Alfaifi MY, Elbehairi SEI, Amer ME, Nasr MSM, Abuamara TMM, Badr DA, Ju YH, Mohamed AF. Bioactivity Studies of Hesperidin and XAV939. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:20042-20052. [PMID: 34368589 PMCID: PMC8340382 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed to evaluate the reactivity of natural bioflavonoid hesperidin (HSP) and synthetically derived XAV939 (XAV) against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), human breast cancer (MDA-MB231) cancer cell lines, and related molecular and pathological profiles. Data recorded revealed that the cytotoxic potential of the tested products was found to be cell type- and concentration-dependent. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of the HSP-XAV mixture against MDA-MB231 was significantly decreased in the case of using the HSP-XAV mixture against the HepG2 cell line. Also, there was a significant upregulation of the phosphotumor suppressor protein gene (P53) and proapoptotic genes such as B-cell lymphoma-associated X-protein (Bax, CK, and Caspase-3), while antiapoptotic gene B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) was significantly downregulated compared with the untreated cell control. The cell cycle analysis demonstrated that DNA accumulation was detected mainly during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle accompanied with the elevated reactive oxygen species level in the treatment of HepG2 and MDA-MB231 cell lines by the HSP-XAV mixture, more significantly than that in the case of cell control. Finally, our finding suggests that both HSP and XAV939 and their mixture may offer an alternative in human liver and breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E. Fazary
- Applied
Research Department, Research and Development Sector, Egyptian Organization for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA
Holding Company), 51
Wezaret El-Zeraa St., Agouza, Giza 12654, Egypt
- National
Committee for Pure and Applied Chemistry (NCPAC 2018-2022), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), 110 Al Kasr Al Aini, El-Sayeda Zainab, Cairo Governorate 11334, Egypt
- . Tel.: +2-0106-358-2851
| | - Mohammad Y. Alfaifi
- Department
of Biology, Science Collage, King Khalid
University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Serag Eldin I. Elbehairi
- Department
of Biology, Science Collage, King Khalid
University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
- Cell
Culture Laboratory, Research and Development Sector, Egyptian Organization for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA
Holding Company), 51
Wezaret El-Zeraa St., Agouza, Giza 12654, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Amer
- Histology
Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar
University, Damietta, P.C. 34511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. M. Nasr
- Histology
Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar
University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Tamer M. M. Abuamara
- Histology
Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar
University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Doaa A. Badr
- Applied
Research Department, Research and Development Sector, Egyptian Organization for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA
Holding Company), 51
Wezaret El-Zeraa St., Agouza, Giza 12654, Egypt
| | - Yi-Hsu Ju
- Graduate
Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Taiwan Building Technology Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Aly F. Mohamed
- The
International Center for Advanced Researches (ICTAR-Egypt), Cairo 307422, Egypt
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The genomic architecture of metastasis in breast cancer: focus on mechanistic aspects, signalling pathways and therapeutic strategies. Med Oncol 2021; 38:95. [PMID: 34268641 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a multifactorial, heterogeneous disease and the second most frequent cancer amongst women worldwide. Metastasis is one of the most leading causes of death in these patients. Early-stage or locally advanced breast cancer is limited to the breast or nearby lymph nodes. When breast cancer spreads to farther tissues/organs from its original site, it is referred to as metastatic or stage IV breast cancer. Normal breast development is regulated by specific genes and signalling pathways controlling cell proliferation, cell death, cell differentiation and cell motility. Dysregulation of genes involved in various signalling pathways not only leads to the formation of primary tumour but also to the metastasis as well. The metastatic cascade is represented by a multi-step process including invasion of the local tumour cell followed by its entry into the vasculature, exit of malignant cells from the circulation and ultimately their colonization at the distant sites. These stages are referred to as formation of primary tumour, angiogenesis, invasion, intravasation and extravasation, respectively. The major sites of metastasis of breast cancer are the lymph nodes, bone, brain and lung. Only about 28% five-year survival rate has been reported for stage IV breast cancer. Metastasis is a serious concern for breast cancer and therefore, various therapeutic strategies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been developed to target specific dysregulated genes and various signalling pathways involved in different steps of metastasis. In addition, other therapies like hyperbaric oxygen therapy, RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas9 are also being explored as novel strategies to cure the stage IV/metastatic breast cancer. Therefore, the current review has been compiled with an aim to evaluate the genetic basis of stage IV breast cancer with a focus on the molecular mechanisms. In addition, the therapeutic strategies targeting these dysregulated genes involved in various signalling pathways have also been discussed. Genome editing technologies that can target specific genes in the affected areas by making knock-in and knock-out alternations and thereby bring significant treatment outcomes in breast cancer have also been summarized.
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Yang B, Song BP, Shankar S, Guller A, Deng W. Recent advances in liposome formulations for breast cancer therapeutics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5225-5243. [PMID: 33974093 PMCID: PMC11071878 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Among many nanoparticle-based delivery platforms, liposomes have been particularly successful with many formulations passed into clinical applications. They are well-established and effective gene and/or drug delivery systems, widely used in cancer therapy including breast cancer. In this review we discuss liposome design with the targeting feature and triggering functions. We also summarise the recent progress (since 2014) in liposome-based therapeutics for breast cancer including chemotherapy and gene therapy. We finally identify some challenges on the liposome technology development for the future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyao Yang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, the Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Bo-Ping Song
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, the Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shaina Shankar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, the Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Anna Guller
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, the Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Wei Deng
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, the Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Yu Z, Song M, Chouchane L, Ma X. Functional Genomic Analysis of Breast Cancer Metastasis: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133276. [PMID: 34208889 PMCID: PMC8268362 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastasis remains the greatest cause of fatalities in breast cancer patients world-wide. The process of metastases is highly complex, and the current research efforts in this area are still rather fragmented. The revolution of genomic profiling methods to analyze samples from human and animal models dramatically improved our understanding of breast cancer metastasis. This article summarizes the recent breakthroughs in genomic analyses of breast cancer metastasis and discusses their implications for prognostic and therapeutic applications. Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most diagnosed cancers worldwide and is the second cause of cancer related death in women. The most frequent cause of BC-related deaths, like many cancers, is metastasis. However, metastasis is a complicated and poorly understood process for which there is a shortage of accurate prognostic indicators and effective treatments. With the rapid and ever-evolving development and application of genomic sequencing technologies, many novel molecules were identified that play previously unappreciated and important roles in the various stages of metastasis. In this review, we summarize current advancements in the functional genomic analysis of BC metastasis and discuss about the potential prognostic and therapeutic implications from the recent genomic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (X.M.)
| | - Mei Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar;
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (X.M.)
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38
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Ludwig BS, Kessler H, Kossatz S, Reuning U. RGD-Binding Integrins Revisited: How Recently Discovered Functions and Novel Synthetic Ligands (Re-)Shape an Ever-Evolving Field. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1711. [PMID: 33916607 PMCID: PMC8038522 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins have been extensively investigated as therapeutic targets over the last decades, which has been inspired by their multiple functions in cancer progression, metastasis, and angiogenesis as well as a continuously expanding number of other diseases, e.g., sepsis, fibrosis, and viral infections, possibly also Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Although integrin-targeted (cancer) therapy trials did not meet the high expectations yet, integrins are still valid and promising targets due to their elevated expression and surface accessibility on diseased cells. Thus, for the future successful clinical translation of integrin-targeted compounds, revisited and innovative treatment strategies have to be explored based on accumulated knowledge of integrin biology. For this, refined approaches are demanded aiming at alternative and improved preclinical models, optimized selectivity and pharmacological properties of integrin ligands, as well as more sophisticated treatment protocols considering dose fine-tuning of compounds. Moreover, integrin ligands exert high accuracy in disease monitoring as diagnostic molecular imaging tools, enabling patient selection for individualized integrin-targeted therapy. The present review comprehensively analyzes the state-of-the-art knowledge on the roles of RGD-binding integrin subtypes in cancer and non-cancerous diseases and outlines the latest achievements in the design and development of synthetic ligands and their application in biomedical, translational, and molecular imaging approaches. Indeed, substantial progress has already been made, including advanced ligand designs, numerous elaborated pre-clinical and first-in-human studies, while the discovery of novel applications for integrin ligands remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice S. Ludwig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Horst Kessler
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Ute Reuning
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Cell Cytoskeleton and Stiffness Are Mechanical Indicators of Organotropism in Breast Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040259. [PMID: 33805866 PMCID: PMC8064360 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cell dissemination exhibits organ preference or organotropism. Although the influence of intrinsic biochemical factors on organotropism has been intensely studied, little is known about the roles of mechanical properties of metastatic cancer cells. Our study suggests that there may be a correlation between cell cytoskeleton/stiffness and organotropism. We find that the cytoskeleton and stiffness of breast cancer cell subpopulations with different metastatic preference match the mechanics of the metastasized organs. The modification of cell cytoskeleton significantly influences the organotropism-related gene expression pattern and mechanoresponses on soft substrates which mimic brain tissue stiffness. These findings highlight the key role of cell cytoskeleton in specific organ metastasis, which may not only reflect but also impact the metastatic organ preference. Abstract Tumor metastasis involves the dissemination of tumor cells from the primary lesion to other organs and the subsequent formation of secondary tumors, which leads to the majority of cancer-related deaths. Clinical findings show that cancer cell dissemination is not random but exhibits organ preference or organotropism. While intrinsic biochemical factors of cancer cells have been extensively studied in organotropism, much less is known about the role of cell cytoskeleton and mechanics. Herein, we demonstrate that cell cytoskeleton and mechanics are correlated with organotropism. The result of cell stiffness measurements shows that breast cancer cells with bone tropism are much stiffer with enhanced F-actin, while tumor cells with brain tropism are softer with lower F-actin than their parental cells. The difference in cellular stiffness matches the difference in the rigidity of their metastasized organs. Further, disrupting the cytoskeleton of breast cancer cells with bone tropism not only elevates the expressions of brain metastasis-related genes but also increases cell spreading and proliferation on soft substrates mimicking the stiffness of brain tissue. Stabilizing the cytoskeleton of cancer cells with brain tropism upregulates bone metastasis-related genes while reduces the mechanoadaptation ability on soft substrates. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that cell cytoskeleton and biophysical properties of breast cancer subpopulations correlate with their metastatic preference in terms of gene expression pattern and mechanoadaptation ability, implying the potential role of cell cytoskeleton in organotropism.
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40
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Sigdel I, Gupta N, Faizee F, Khare VM, Tiwari AK, Tang Y. Biomimetic Microfluidic Platforms for the Assessment of Breast Cancer Metastasis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:633671. [PMID: 33777909 PMCID: PMC7992012 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.633671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Of around half a million women dying of breast cancer each year, more than 90% die due to metastasis. Models necessary to understand the metastatic process, particularly breast cancer cell extravasation and colonization, are currently limited and urgently needed to develop therapeutic interventions necessary to prevent breast cancer metastasis. Microfluidic approaches aim to reconstitute functional units of organs that cannot be modeled easily in traditional cell culture or animal studies by reproducing vascular networks and parenchyma on a chip in a three-dimensional, physiologically relevant in vitro system. In recent years, microfluidics models utilizing innovative biomaterials and micro-engineering technologies have shown great potential in our effort of mechanistic understanding of the breast cancer metastasis cascade by providing 3D constructs that can mimic in vivo cellular microenvironment and the ability to visualize and monitor cellular interactions in real-time. In this review, we will provide readers with a detailed discussion on the application of the most up-to-date, state-of-the-art microfluidics-based breast cancer models, with a special focus on their application in the engineering approaches to recapitulate the metastasis process, including invasion, intravasation, extravasation, breast cancer metastasis organotropism, and metastasis niche formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Sigdel
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Niraj Gupta
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Fairuz Faizee
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Vishwa M Khare
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Yuan Tang
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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Chen W, Park S, Patel C, Bai Y, Henary K, Raha A, Mohammadi S, You L, Geng F. The migration of metastatic breast cancer cells is regulated by matrix stiffness via YAP signalling. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06252. [PMID: 33659755 PMCID: PMC7895759 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix stiffness is a driver of breast cancer progression and mechanosensitive transcriptional activator YAP plays an important role in this process. However, the interplay between breast cancer and matrix stiffness, and the significance of this interplay remained largely unknown. Here, we showed an increase in YAP nuclear localization and a higher proliferation rate in both highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells and the non-metastatic counterpart MCF-7 cells when they were exposed to the stiff matrix. However, in response to the stiff matrix highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells instead of MCF-7 cells exhibited upregulated mobility, which was shown to be YAP-dependent. Consistently, MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited different focal adhesion dynamics from MCF-7 cells in response to matrix stiffness. These results suggested a YAP-dependent mechanism through which matrix stiffness regulates the migratory potential of metastatic breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 0A3, Canada
| | - Shihyun Park
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Chrishma Patel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Yuxin Bai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Karim Henary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 0A3, Canada
| | - Arjun Raha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 0A3, Canada
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 0A3, Canada
| | - Lidan You
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Fei Geng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 0A3, Canada
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 0A3, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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Hinz N, Baranowsky A, Horn M, Kriegs M, Sibbertsen F, Smit DJ, Clezardin P, Lange T, Schinke T, Jücker M. Knockdown of AKT3 Activates HER2 and DDR Kinases in Bone-Seeking Breast Cancer Cells, Promotes Metastasis In Vivo and Attenuates the TGFβ/CTGF Axis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020430. [PMID: 33670586 PMCID: PMC7922044 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases frequently occur in breast cancer patients and lack appropriate treatment options. Hence, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the multistep process of breast cancer bone metastasis and tumor-induced osteolysis is of paramount interest. The serine/threonine kinase AKT plays a crucial role in breast cancer bone metastasis but the effect of individual AKT isoforms remains unclear. Therefore, AKT isoform-specific knockdowns were generated on the bone-seeking MDA-MB-231 BO subline and the effect on proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemotaxis was analyzed by live-cell imaging. Kinome profiling and Western blot analysis of the TGFβ/CTGF axis were conducted and metastasis was evaluated by intracardiac inoculation of tumor cells into NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice. MDA-MB-231 BO cells exhibited an elevated AKT3 kinase activity in vitro and responded to combined treatment with AKT- and mTOR-inhibitors. Knockdown of AKT3 significantly increased migration, invasion, and chemotaxis in vitro and metastasis to bone but did not significantly enhance osteolysis. Furthermore, knockdown of AKT3 increased the activity and phosphorylation of pro-metastatic HER2 and DDR1/2 but lowered protein levels of CTGF after TGFβ-stimulation, an axis involved in tumor-induced osteolysis. We demonstrated that AKT3 plays a crucial role in bone-seeking breast cancer cells by promoting metastatic potential without facilitating tumor-induced osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Hinz
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.H.); (F.S.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Anke Baranowsky
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.B.); (T.S.)
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Horn
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Department of Radiotherapy & Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Freya Sibbertsen
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.H.); (F.S.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Daniel J. Smit
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.H.); (F.S.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Philippe Clezardin
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon 1, 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Tobias Lange
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.B.); (T.S.)
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.H.); (F.S.); (D.J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-40-7410-56339
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Kumari M, Sharma N, Manchanda R, Gupta N, Syed A, Bahkali AH, Nimesh S. PGMD/curcumin nanoparticles for the treatment of breast cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3824. [PMID: 33589661 PMCID: PMC7884397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims at developing PGMD (poly-glycerol-malic acid-dodecanedioic acid)/curcumin nanoparticles based formulation for anticancer activity against breast cancer cells. The nanoparticles were prepared using both the variants of PGMD polymer (PGMD 7:3 and PGMD 6:4) with curcumin (i.e. CUR NP 7:3 and CUR NP 6:4). The size of CUR NP 7:3 and CUR NP 6:4 were found to be ~ 110 and 218 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.174 and 0.36, respectively. Further, the zeta potential of the particles was - 18.9 and - 17.5 mV for CUR NP 7:3 and CUR NP 6:4, respectively. The entrapment efficiency of both the nanoparticles was in the range of 75-81%. In vitro anticancer activity and the scratch assay were conducted on breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. The IC50 of the nanoformulations was observed to be 40.2 and 33.6 μM at 48 h for CUR NP 7:3 and CUR NP 6:4, respectively, in MCF-7 cell line; for MDA-MB-231 it was 43.4 and 30.5 μM. Acridine orange/EtBr and DAPI staining assays showed apoptotic features and nuclear anomalies in the treated cells. This was further confirmed by western blot analysis that showed overexpression of caspase 9 indicating curcumin role in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mankamna Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, N.H. 8, Teh., Kishangarh, Dist., Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Nikita Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, N.H. 8, Teh., Kishangarh, Dist., Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Romila Manchanda
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Sohna Road, Gurugram, 122103, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, IIS (Deemed To Be University), Gurukul Marg, SFS, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302020, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Surendra Nimesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, N.H. 8, Teh., Kishangarh, Dist., Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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Koh YW, Han JH, Haam S, Lee HW. An immune-related gene expression signature predicts brain metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma patients after surgery: gene expression profile and immunohistochemical analyses. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:802-814. [PMID: 33718023 PMCID: PMC7947384 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with brain metastasis (BM) occurs frequently and has a poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to assess the correlation between gene expression signatures and the development of BM after surgical resection of LUAD. Methods We analyzed the immune-related gene expression profiles of 72 LUADs with and without BM after surgery and verified them using NanoString method and immunohistochemistry (IHC). We matched the Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) stage in the groups with and without BM to minimize the effect of TNM stage. Pathway enrichment studies were also performed. Results In the NanoString results, we identified 11 upregulated immune-related gene signature that correlated specifically with BM in the discovery and validation sets [area under the curve (AUC) =0.750 and 0.787, respectively]. The discovery set achieved 94% sensitivity and 62% specificity and the validation set displayed 100% sensitivity and 50% specificity. Eight out of the 11 genes were verified by IHC and had profiles similar to the gene expression profile results (AUC =0.844 for the discovery set and AUC =0.795 for the validation set). Subgroup analysis revealed that 11 immune-related gene signature enabled prediction of BM at all TNM stages. There were no differences in the 11 immune-related gene expression signatures between the primary LUAD samples and the matched brain samples. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway was closely correlated with BM. Conclusions The 11 identified immune-related gene expression signatures may be potentially clinically useful predictors for BM and can provide patient-specific treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wha Koh
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Han
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjin Haam
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Targeting Aquaporins in Novel Therapies for Male and Female Breast and Reproductive Cancers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020215. [PMID: 33499000 PMCID: PMC7911300 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are membrane channels in the broad family of major intrinsic proteins (MIPs), with 13 classes showing tissue-specific distributions in humans. As key physiological modulators of water and solute homeostasis, mutations, and dysfunctions involving aquaporins have been associated with pathologies in all major organs. Increases in aquaporin expression are associated with greater severity of many cancers, particularly in augmenting motility and invasiveness for example in colon cancers and glioblastoma. However, potential roles of altered aquaporin (AQP) function in reproductive cancers have been understudied to date. Published work reviewed here shows distinct classes aquaporin have differential roles in mediating cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, and resistance to apoptosis. Known mechanisms of action of AQPs in other tissues are proving relevant to understanding reproductive cancers. Emerging patterns show AQPs 1, 3, and 5 in particular are highly expressed in breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, consistent with their gene regulation by estrogen response elements, and AQPs 3 and 9 in particular are linked with prostate cancer. Continuing work is defining avenues for pharmacological targeting of aquaporins as potential therapies to reduce female and male reproductive cancer cell growth and invasiveness.
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46
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Wang L, Zhang S, Wang X. The Metabolic Mechanisms of Breast Cancer Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 10:602416. [PMID: 33489906 PMCID: PMC7817624 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.602416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy among women worldwide. Metastasis is mainly responsible for treatment failure and is the cause of most breast cancer deaths. The role of metabolism in the progression and metastasis of breast cancer is gradually being emphasized. However, the regulatory mechanisms that conduce to cancer metastasis by metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer have not been expounded. Breast cancer cells exhibit different metabolic phenotypes depending on their molecular subtypes and metastatic sites. Both intrinsic factors, such as MYC amplification, PIK3CA, and TP53 mutations, and extrinsic factors, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, and acidosis, contribute to different metabolic reprogramming phenotypes in metastatic breast cancers. Understanding the metabolic mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis will provide important clues to develop novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shizhen Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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47
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Hussain S, Peng B, Cherian M, Song JW, Ahirwar DK, Ganju RK. The Roles of Stroma-Derived Chemokine in Different Stages of Cancer Metastases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:598532. [PMID: 33414786 PMCID: PMC7783453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.598532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between malignant cells and host cellular and non-cellular components play crucial role in different stages of tumor development, progression, and metastases. Tumor and stromal cells communicate to each other through receptors such as integrins and secretion of signaling molecules like growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory mediators. Chemokines mediated signaling pathways have emerged as major mechanisms underlying multifaceted roles played by host cells during tumor progression. In response to tumor stimuli, host cells-derived chemokines further activates signaling cascades that support the ability of tumor cells to invade surrounding basement membrane and extra-cellular matrix. The host-derived chemokines act on endothelial cells to increase their permeability and facilitate tumor cells intravasation and extravasation. The tumor cells-host neutrophils interaction within the vasculature initiates chemokines driven recruitment of inflammatory cells that protects circulatory tumor cells from immune attack. Chemokines secreted by tumor cells and stromal immune and non-immune cells within the tumor microenvironment enter the circulation and are responsible for formation of a "pre-metastatic niche" like a "soil" in distant organs whereby circulating tumor cells "seed' and colonize, leading to formation of metastatic foci. Given the importance of host derived chemokines in cancer progression and metastases several drugs like Mogamulizumab, Plerixafor, Repertaxin among others are part of ongoing clinical trial which target chemokines and their receptors against cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding the complexity of chemokines network in tumor microenvironment, with an emphasis on chemokines secreted from host cells. We especially summarize the role of host-derived chemokines in different stages of metastases, including invasion, dissemination, migration into the vasculature, and seeding into the pre-metastatic niche. We finally provide a brief description of prospective drugs that target chemokines in different clinical trials against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Hussain
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mathew Cherian
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Dinesh K Ahirwar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ramesh K Ganju
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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48
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Anticancer activities of TCM and their active components against tumor metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111044. [PMID: 33378952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has the characteristics of multiple targets, slight side effects and good therapeutic effects. Good anti-tumor effects are shown by Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription, Chinese patent medicine, single Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traditional Chinese medicine monomer compound. Clinically, TCM prolonged the survival time of patients and improved the life quality of patients, due to less side effects. Cancer metastasis is a complex process involving numerous steps, multiple genes and their products. During the process of tumor metastasis, firstly, cancer cell increases its proliferative capacity by reducing autophagy and apoptosis, and then the cancer cell capacity is stimulated by increasing the ability of tumors to absorb nutrients from the outside through angiogenesis. Both of the two steps can increase tumor migration and invasion. Finally, the purpose of tumor metastasis is achieved. By inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis of tumor cells, angiogenesis and EMT outside the tumor can inhibit the invasion and migration of cancer, and consequently achieve the purpose of inhibiting tumor metastasis. This review explores the research achievements of Traditional Chinese Medicine on breast cancer, lung cancer, hepatic carcinoma, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer and other cancer metastasis in the past five years, summarizes the development direction of TCM on cancer metastasis research in the past five years and makes a prospect for the future.
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Coexpress of GATA-3 and ER in Anorectal and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mimicking Metastatic Breast Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 29:409-413. [PMID: 33264107 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3) is a sensitive marker for breast and urothelial carcinomas. In combination with the estrogen receptor (ER), it is often used for differential diagnosis of metastatic carcinomas of breast origin. In this study, we sought to characterize GATA-3 and ER expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) of various origins to compare with breast carcinoma. Sixty-four SqCC of anorectum (35), head and neck (15), lung (11), and breast (3) as well as urothelial carcinoma (31) were included. In anorectal and head and neck SqCC, GATA-3, and ER was observed in 23/50 (46.0%) and 18/50 (36.0%) of the cases, respectively. The expression of GATA-3 and ER were present in both male and female patients without significant sex predominance. In 2 metastatic SqCC, the GATA-3 and ER expressed similar immunoreactivity compatible with their anorectal primary. Progesterone receptor was only expressed in 2 anorectal SqCC and none of head and neck SqCC or urothelial carcinomas. None of the lung SqCC expressed GATA-3 or ER (0/11). p16 was expressed in the majority of head and neck (6/12) and anorectal SqCC (26/27). Our study demonstrated that the combination of GATA-3 and ER positivity is not entirely specific for breast carcinomas, since both stains are expressed in SqCC from anorectal and head and neck origins. Clinical workup for metastatic carcinoma of suspicious breast origin should be cognizant of other tumors with a similar immunohistochemical profile (ie, SqCC).
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Kwak TJ, Lee E. Rapid multilayer microfabrication for modeling organotropic metastasis in breast cancer. Biofabrication 2020; 13. [PMID: 32998119 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abbd28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most insidious forms of breast cancer with high rates of metastasis, resulting in major mortalities in breast cancer patients. To better understand and treat TNBC metastasis, investigation of TNBC interactions with blood vasculatures is crucial. Among multiple metastatic processes, a step of TNBC exit from the blood vessels ('extravasation') in the pre-metastatic organs determines the final site of the metastasis. Here, we present a rapid multilayer microfabrication method of transferring a three-dimensional (3D) overhang pattern to a substrate with a sacrificial layer to reconstitute a 3D blood vessel surrounded by the extracellular matrix containing organ-specific parenchymal cells. Bones and lungs are the most common sites of breast cancer metastasis. We modeled organotropic bone and lung metastasis in TNBC by introducing subpopulations of TNBC metastases into a vessel lumen surrounded by osteoblasts, bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells, and lung fibroblasts. We found that bone-like microenviroment with osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells promoted extravasation of the bone-tropic TNBC cells, whereas the lung-like microenviroment promoted extravasation of the lung-tropic TNBC cells. Given that these organ-specific parenchymal cells do not impact vascular permeability, our results suggest that the parenchymal cells dictate selective extravasation of the bone-tropic or lung-tropic TNBC cells in our system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Joon Kwak
- Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 309A Weill hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, Ithaca, New York, 14853, UNITED STATES
| | - Esak Lee
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853-0001, UNITED STATES
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