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Huang L, Liu X, Chen Q, Yang J, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Xu L, Li Z, Liu X, Shao S, Li D, Song Y, Liu X, Zhan Q. TGF-β-induced lncRNA TBUR1 promotes EMT and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma via hnRNPC-mediated GRB2 mRNA stabilization. Cancer Lett 2024; 600:217153. [PMID: 39102940 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is pivotal in inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promoting cancer metastasis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as significant players in these processes, yet their precise mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that TGF-β-upregulated lncRNA 1 (TBUR1) is significantly activated by TGF-β via Smad3/4 signaling in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells. Functionally, TBUR1 triggers EMT, enhances LUAD cell migration and invasion in vitro, and promotes metastasis in nude mice. Mechanistically, TBUR1 interacts with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (hnRNPC) to stabilize GRB2 mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner. Clinically, TBUR1 is upregulated in LUAD tissues and correlates with poor prognosis, highlighting its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for LUAD. Taken together, our findings underscore the crucial role of TBUR1 in mediating TGF-β-induced EMT and metastasis in LUAD, providing insights for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Xiaoxu Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yabing Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lele Xu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhangfu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shujuan Shao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yongmei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Qimin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; Soochow University Cancer Institute, Suzhou 215000, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.
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Mo S, Shu G, Cao C, Wang M, Yang J, Ye J, Gui Y, Yuan S, Ma Q. Sertoli cells require hnRNPC to support normal spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice†. Biol Reprod 2024; 111:227-241. [PMID: 38590182 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sertoli cells act as highly polarized testicular cells that nutritionally support multiple stages of germ cell development. However, the gene regulation network in Sertoli cells for modulating germ cell development has yet to be fully understood. In this study, we report that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C in Sertoli cells are essential for germ cell development and male fertility. Conditional knockout of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C in mouse Sertoli cells leads to aberrant Sertoli cells proliferation, disrupted cytoskeleton of Sertoli cells, and compromised blood-testis barrier function, resulting in loss of supportive cell function and, ultimately, defective spermiogenesis in mice. Further ribonucleic acid-sequencing analyses revealed these phenotypes are likely caused by the dysregulated genes in heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C-deficient Sertoli cells related to cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and apoptotic process. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C plays a critical role in Sertoli cells for maintaining the function of Sertoli cells and sustaining steady-state spermatogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomei Mo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, the Fifth Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ge Shu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, the Fifth Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Congcong Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, the Fifth Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingxia Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, the Fifth Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, the Fifth Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, the Fifth Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaoting Gui
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, the Fifth Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuiqiao Yuan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, the Fifth Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Duan K, Fang K, Sui C. TFAIP6 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma cell glycolysis through upregulating c-myc/PKM2 axis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30959. [PMID: 38813227 PMCID: PMC11133704 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent liver cancer. Despite of the improvement of therapies, the durable response rate and survival benefit are still limited for HCC patients. It's urgent to clarify the molecular mechanisms and find therapeutic strategies to improve the clinical outcome. TNFα-stimulated gene-6 (TNFAIP6) plays a critical role in the prognosis of various tumors, but its roles in HCC are still unclear. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis were employed to evaluate the clinical relevance of TNFAIP6 expressions in HCC patients. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), Edu assay, and transwell assay were performed to evaluate the malignancy of HCC cells. Glucose uptake, lactate production, ATP production, extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) by Seahorse XF analyzer were employed to evaluate the role of TNFAIP6 in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis. The expressions of key proteins involved in glycolysis were examined by Western blot. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were used for protein-protein interactions or protein-RNA interactions respectively. Knockdown and overexpression of TNFAIP6 in HCC cells were employed for analyzing the functions of TNFAIP6 in HCC. Results TNFAIP6 was significantly upregulated in HCC and predicted a poor clinical prognosis. Knockdown of TNFAIP6 inhibited in vitro cell proliferation, invasion, migration, as well as glycolysis in HCC cells. Mechanistically, we clarified that TNFAIP6 interacted with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC), stabilized c-Myc mRNA and upregulated pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) to promote glycolysis. Conclusions Our study reveals a molecular mechanism by which TNFAIP6 promotes aerobic glycolysis, which is beneficial for malignance of HCC and provides a potential clinical therapy for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecai Duan
- Department of Special Medical Services, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital), China
| | - Kunpeng Fang
- Department of Special Medical Services, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital), China
| | - Chengjun Sui
- Department of Special Medical Services, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital), China
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4
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Xu W, Huang Z, Xiao Y, Li W, Xu M, Zhao Q, Yi P. HNRNPC promotes estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cell cycle by stabilizing WDR77 mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:859-873. [PMID: 38353359 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer has become the most commonly diagnosed cancer. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC), a reader of N6-methyladenosine (m6A), has been observed to be upregulated in various types of cancer. Nevertheless, the role of HNRNPC in breast cancer and whether it is regulated by m6A modification deserve further investigation. The expression of HNRNPC in breast cancer was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. RNA immunoprecipitation was performed to validate the binding relationships between HNRNPC and WD repeat domain 77 (WDR77). The effects of HNRNPC and m6A regulators on WDR77 were investigated by actinomycin D assay. The experiments in vivo were conducted in xenograft models. In this research, we found that HNRNPC was highly expressed in breast cancer, and played a crucial role in cell growth, especially in the luminal subtype. HNRNPC could combine and stabilize WDR77 mRNA. WDR77 successively drove the G1/S phase transition in the cell cycle and promoted cell proliferation. Notably, this regulation axis was closely tied to the m6A modification status of WDR77 mRNA. Overall, a critical regulatory mechanism was identified, as well as promising targets for potential treatment strategies for luminal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunxiao Xiao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuyang Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Yi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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5
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Liu D, Yu H, Xue N, Bao H, Gao Q, Tian Y. Alternative splicing patterns of hnrnp genes in gill tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during salinity changes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 271:110948. [PMID: 38281704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) plays an important role in various physiological processes in eukaryotes, such as the stress response. However, patterns of AS events remain largely unexplored during salinity acclimation in fishes. In this study, we conducted AS analysis using RNA-seq datasets to explore splicing patterns in the gill tissues of rainbow trout exposed to altered salinity environments, ranging from 0 ‰ (T0) to 30 ‰ (T30). The results revealed 1441, 351, 483, 1051 and 1049 differentially alternatively spliced (DAS) events in 5 pairwise comparisons, including T6 vs. T0, T12 vs. T0, T18 vs. T0, T24 vs. T0, and T30 vs. T0, respectively. These DAS events were derived from 1290, 328, 444, 963 and 948 genes. Enrichment analysis indicated that these DAS genes were related to RNA splicing and processing. Among these, 14 DAS genes were identified as members of the large heterogeneous nuclear RNP (hnRNP) gene family. Alternative 3' splice site (A3SS), exon skipping (SE) and intron retention (RI) events resulted in the fragmentation or even loss of the functional RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains in hnrnpa0, hnrnp1a, hnrnp1b and hnrnpc genes. The incomplete RRM domains would hinder the interactions between hnRNP genes and pre-mRNAs. It would in turn influence the splicing patterns and mRNA stability of downstream target genes in response to salinity changes. The study provides insights into salinity acclimation in gill tissues of rainbow trout and serves as a significant reference on the osmoregulation mechanisms at post-transcription regulation levels in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Han Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Na Xue
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hancheng Bao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qinfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
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6
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Zhang TH, Jo S, Zhang M, Wang K, Gao SJ, Huang Y. Understanding YTHDF2-mediated mRNA degradation by m6A-BERT-Deg. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae170. [PMID: 38622358 PMCID: PMC11018547 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant mRNA modification within mammalian cells, holding pivotal significance in the regulation of mRNA stability, translation and splicing. Furthermore, it plays a critical role in the regulation of RNA degradation by primarily recruiting the YTHDF2 reader protein. However, the selective regulation of mRNA decay of the m6A-methylated mRNA through YTHDF2 binding is poorly understood. To improve our understanding, we developed m6A-BERT-Deg, a BERT model adapted for predicting YTHDF2-mediated degradation of m6A-methylated mRNAs. We meticulously assembled a high-quality training dataset by integrating multiple data sources for the HeLa cell line. To overcome the limitation of small training samples, we employed a pre-training-fine-tuning strategy by first performing a self-supervised pre-training of the model on 427 760 unlabeled m6A site sequences. The test results demonstrated the importance of this pre-training strategy in enabling m6A-BERT-Deg to outperform other benchmark models. We further conducted a comprehensive model interpretation and revealed a surprising finding that the presence of co-factors in proximity to m6A sites may disrupt YTHDF2-mediated mRNA degradation, subsequently enhancing mRNA stability. We also extended our analyses to the HEK293 cell line, shedding light on the context-dependent YTHDF2-mediated mRNA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-He Zhang
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,15261, USA
| | - Sumin Jo
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Michelle Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Yufei Huang
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,15261, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
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Galal MA, Alouch SS, Alsultan BS, Dahman H, Alyabis NA, Alammar SA, Aljada A. Insulin Receptor Isoforms and Insulin Growth Factor-like Receptors: Implications in Cell Signaling, Carcinogenesis, and Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15006. [PMID: 37834454 PMCID: PMC10573852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review thoroughly explores the intricate involvement of insulin receptor (IR) isoforms and insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGFRs) in the context of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling (IIS) pathway. This elaborate system encompasses ligands, receptors, and binding proteins, giving rise to a wide array of functions, including aspects such as carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Detailed genetic analysis of IR and IGFR structures highlights their distinct isoforms, which arise from alternative splicing and exhibit diverse affinities for ligands. Notably, the overexpression of the IR-A isoform is linked to cancer stemness, tumor development, and resistance to targeted therapies. Similarly, elevated IGFR expression accelerates tumor progression and fosters chemoresistance. The review underscores the intricate interplay between IRs and IGFRs, contributing to resistance against anti-IGFR drugs. Consequently, the dual targeting of both receptors could present a more effective strategy for surmounting chemoresistance. To conclude, this review brings to light the pivotal roles played by IRs and IGFRs in cellular signaling, carcinogenesis, and therapy resistance. By precisely modulating these receptors and their complex signaling pathways, the potential emerges for developing enhanced anti-cancer interventions, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ahmed Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Samhar Samer Alouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Buthainah Saad Alsultan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Dahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Abdullah Alyabis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Ammar Alammar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Jia R, Che X, Jia J, Guo J. FOXM1a Isoform of Oncogene FOXM1 Is a Tumor Suppressor Suppressed by hnRNP C in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1331. [PMID: 37759731 PMCID: PMC10526205 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXM1 is an oncogenic transcriptional factor and includes several isoforms generated by alternative splicing. Inclusion of alternative exon 9 produces FOXM1a, a transcriptionally inactive isoform. However, the role of FOXM1a in tumorigenesis remains unknown. In addition, the regulatory mechanisms of exon 9 splicing are also unclear. In the present study, we found that overexpression of FOXM1a significantly reduced cell proliferation and colony formation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell proliferation in vitro. Importantly, OSCC cells with FOXM1a overexpression showed significantly slower tumor formation in nude mice. Moreover, we identified a U-rich exonic splicing suppressor (ESS) which is responsible for exon 9 skipping. Splicing factor heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (hnRNP C) can bind to the ESS and suppress exon 9 inclusion and FOXM1a expression. Silence of hnRNP C also significantly suppresses OSCC cell proliferation. HnRNP C is significantly co-expressed with FOXM1 in cancers. Our study uncovered a novel regulatory mechanism of oncogene FOXM1 expression in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (R.J.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiaoxuan Che
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (R.J.); (X.C.)
| | - Jun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (R.J.); (X.C.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (R.J.); (X.C.)
- Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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9
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Wang L, Ji Y, Chen Y, Bai J, Gao P, Feng P. A splicing silencer in SMN2 intron 6 is critical in spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:971-983. [PMID: 36255739 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a fatal neuromuscular disease caused by homozygous deletions or mutations of the SMN1 gene. SMN2 is a paralogous gene of SMN1 and a modifying gene of SMA. A better understanding of how SMN2 exon 7 splicing is regulated helps discover new therapeutic targets for SMA therapy. Based on an antisense walk method to map exonic and intronic splicing silencers (ESSs and ISSs) in SMN2 exon 7 and the proximal regions of its flanking introns, we identified one ISS (ISS6-KH) at upstream of the branch point site in intron 6. By using mutagenesis-coupled RT-PCR with SMN1/2 minigenes, immunochromatography, overexpression and siRNA-knockdown, we found this ISS consists of a bipartite hnRNP A1 binding cis-element and a poly-U sequence located between the proximal hnRNP A1 binding site (UAGCUA) and the branch site. Both HuR and hnRNP C1 proteins promote exon 7 skipping through the poly-U stretch. Mutations or deletions of these motifs lead to efficient SMN2 exon 7 inclusion comparable to SMN1 gene. Furthermore, we identified an optimal antisense oligonucleotide that binds the intron six ISS and causes striking exon 7 inclusion in the SMN2 gene in patient fibroblasts and SMA mouse model. Our findings demonstrate that this novel ISS plays an important role in SMN2 exon 7 skipping and highlight a new therapeutic target for SMA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yinfeng Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jialin Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pengchao Feng
- Nanjing Antisense Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210046, China
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Yu Z, Wang X, Niu K, Sun L, Li D. LncRNA TM4SF19-AS1 exacerbates cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via enhancing LAMC1 expression. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:1-9. [PMID: 36411963 PMCID: PMC9683051 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2116923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous and aggressive tumor with high mortality and unfavorable prognosis. Numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been confirmed to exert pivotal parts in cancers. Nevertheless, the functions of most lncRNAs in HNSCC need deeper exploration. Our present research tried to clarify the biological role of TM4SF19 antisense RNA 1 (TM4SF19-AS1) and investigate its regulatory mechanism in HNSCC. RT-qPCR analysis was done to test TM4SF19-AS1 expression and identify the up-regulation of TM4SF19-AS1 in HNSCC cells. Loss-of-function assays were also involved, and the data implied that TM4SF19-AS1 knockdown hampered the proliferation, migration, invasion, along with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HNSCC cells. In vivo assays revealed TM4SF19-AS1 depletion restrained HNSCC tumor growth. Additionally, mechanism experiments were implemented to uncover the underlying regulatory mechanism of TM4SF19-AS1 in HNSCC cells. It turned out that TM4SF19-AS1 modulated laminin subunit gamma 1 (LAMC1) expression via sequestering microRNA-153-3p (miR-153-3p) and recruiting heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC) protein. Rescue assays confirmed that TM4SF19-AS1 contributed to HNSCC cell malignant behaviors via up-regulating LAMC1. To summarize, TM4SF19-AS1 played an oncogenic role in HNSCC cells, signifying TM4SF19-AS1 may have the potential to be used as a novel molecular target for HNSCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,CONTACT Xin Wang Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin130000, China
| | - Kai Niu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Le Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dongjie Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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11
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Cai Y, Lyu T, Li H, Liu C, Xie K, Xu L, Li W, Liu H, Zhu J, Lyu Y, Feng X, Lan T, Yang J, Wu H. LncRNA CEBPA-DT promotes liver cancer metastasis through DDR2/β-catenin activation via interacting with hnRNPC. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:335. [PMID: 36471363 PMCID: PMC9724427 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the world's third leading cause of cancer-related death; due to the fast growth and high prevalence of tumor recurrence, the prognosis of HCC patients remains dismal. Long non-coding RNA CEBPA-DT, a divergent transcript of the CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein Alpha (CEBPA) gene, has been shown to participate in multiple tumor progression. However, no research has established its cancer-promoting mechanism in HCC yet. METHODS CEBPA-DT was identified in human HCC tissues through RNA sequencing. The expression level of CEBPA-DT was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. The biological effects of CEBPA-DT were evaluated in vitro and in vivo through gain or loss of function experiments. RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays were applied to investigate the downstream target of CEBPA-DT. Immunofluorescence, subcellular protein fractionation, western blot, and co-immunoprecipitation were performed to analyze the subcellular location of β-catenin and its interaction with Discoidin domain-containing receptor 2 (DDR2). RESULTS CEBPA-DT was upregulated in human HCC tissues with postoperative distant metastasis and intimately related to the worse prognosis of HCC patients. Silencing of CEBPA-DT inhibited the growth, migration and invasion of hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo, while enhancement of CEBPA-DT played a contrasting role. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that CEBPA-DT could bind to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (hnRNPC), which facilitated cytoplasmic translocation of hnRNPC, enhanced the interaction between hnRNPC and DDR2 mRNA, subsequently promoted the expression of DDR2. Meanwhile, CEBPA-DT induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process through upregulation of Snail1 via facilitating nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Using DDR2 inhibitor, we revealed that the CEBPA-DT induced the interaction between DDR2 and β-catenin, thus promoting the nuclear translocation of β-catenin to activate transcription of Snail1, contributing to EMT and HCC metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that CEBPA-DT promoted HCC metastasis through DDR2/β-catenin mediated activation of Snail1 via interaction with hnRNPC, indicating that the CEBPA-DT-hnRNPC-DDR2/β-catenin axis may be used as a potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshi Cai
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Liver Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Tao Lyu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Liver Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Hui Li
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Tumor Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030 China
| | - Chang Liu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Liver Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Kunlin Xie
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Liver Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Lin Xu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Wei Li
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Hu Liu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Liver Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Liver Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yinghao Lyu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Liver Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Xuping Feng
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Tian Lan
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Liver Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Jiayin Yang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Liver Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Hong Wu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Liver Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
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12
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Bi Y, Jing Y, Guo L. Construction and validation of a prognostic marker and risk model for HCC ultrasound therapy combined with WGCNA identification. Front Genet 2022; 13:1017551. [PMID: 36263426 PMCID: PMC9573990 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1017551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with a highly aggressive and metastatic nature. Ultrasound remains a routine monitoring tool for screening, treatment and post-treatment recheck of HCC. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the role of ultrasound therapy and related genes in prognosis prediction and clinical diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Methods: Gene co-expression networks were developed utilizing the R package WGCNA as per the expression profiles and clinical features of TCGA HCC samples, key modules were identified by the correlation coefficients between clinical features and modules, and hub genes of modules were determined as per the GS and MM values. Ultrasound treatment differential expression genes were identified using R package limma, and univariate Cox analysis was conducted on the intersection genes of ultrasound differential expression genes and hub genes of key HCC modules to screen the signatures linked with HCC prognosis and construct a risk model. The median risk score was used as the threshold point to classify tumor samples into high- and low-risk groups, and the R package IOBR was used to assess the proportion of immune cells in high- and low-risk groups, R package maftools to assess the genomic mutation differences in high- and low-risk groups, R package GSVA’s ssgsea algorithm to assess the HALLMARK pathway enrichment analysis, and R package pRRophetic to analyze drug sensitivity in patients with HCC. Results: WGCNA analysis based on the expression profiles and clinical data of the TCGA LIHC cohort identified three key modules with two major clinical features associated with HCC. The intersection of ultrasound-related differential genes and module hub genes was selected for univariate Cox analysis to identify prognostic factors significantly associated with HCC, and a risk score model consisting of six signatures was finally developed to analyze the prognosis of individuals with HCC. The risk model showed strength in the training set, overall set, and external validation set. The percentage of immune cell infiltration, genomic mutations, pathway enrichment scores, and chemotherapy drug resistance were significantly different between high- and low-risk groups according to the risk scores. Expression of model genes correlated with tumor immune microenvironment and clinical tumor characteristics while generally differentially expressed in pan-cancer tumor and healthy samples. In the immunotherapy dataset, patients in the high-risk group had a worse prognosis with immunotherapy, indicating that subjects in the low-risk group are more responsive to immunotherapy. Conclusion: The 6-gene signature constructed by ultrasound treatment of HCC combined with WGCNA analysis can be used for prognosis prediction of HCC patients and may become a marker for immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yu Jing
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lingling Guo,
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13
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Mo L, Meng L, Huang Z, Yi L, Yang N, Li G. An analysis of the role of HnRNP C dysregulation in cancers. Biomark Res 2022; 10:19. [PMID: 35395937 PMCID: PMC8994388 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C (HnRNP C) is part of the hnRNP family of RNA-binding proteins. The relationship between hnRNP C and cancers has been extensively studied, and dysregulation of hnRNP C has been found in many cancers. According to existing public data, hnRNP C could promote the maturation of new heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNA s, also referred to as pre-mRNAs) into mRNAs and could stabilize mRNAs, controlling their translation. This paper reviews the regulation and dysregulation of hnRNP C in cancers. It interacts with some cancer genes and other biological molecules, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). Even directly binds to them. The effects of hnRNP C on biological processes such as alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification differ among cancers. Its main function is regulating stability and level of translation of cancer genes, and the hnRNP C is regarded as a candidate biomarker and might be valuable for prognosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Mo
- The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Lijuan Meng
- Department of Ultrasonography, Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhicheng Huang
- The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Lan Yi
- The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Nanyang Yang
- The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Guoqing Li
- The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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14
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Zhao W, Xin L, Tang L, Li Y, Li X, Liu R. A positive feedback loop between LINC01605 and NF-κB pathway promotes tumor growth in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. RNA Biol 2022; 19:482-495. [PMID: 35373703 PMCID: PMC8986260 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2027149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
zong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as crucial effector in modulating the progression of assorted malignancies. In our study, the main aim was to unveil the role and the underlying regulatory mechanism of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1605 (LINC01605) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). RT-qPCR analysis results suggested that LINC01605 was upregulated in NPC cells. According to the results of function experiments, LINC01605 promoted NPC cell proliferation and impeded cell apoptosis. The oncogenic role of LINC01605 in NPC was further validated by animal experiments. Additionally, we verified that LINC01605 regulated Ikbkb expression to promote the nuclear translocation of p65 and thereby activated the NF-κB pathway in NPC cells. Mechanism experiments further suggested that LINC01605 could regulate Ikbkb expression via sponging miR-942-5p. Moreover, LINC01605 recruited IGF2BP2 to stabilize ubiquitin-specific protease 3 (USP3) mRNA and thereby enhanced the stability of IkB subunit beta (IKKβ) protein. In addition, p65 acted as a transcription activator to upregulate LINC01605 in NPC cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a positive feedback loop between LINC01605 and the NF-κB signalling pathway that promoted NPC cell growth, thus providing new insights to better understand NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling Xin
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yunjing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ruifeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, China
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15
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Pan C, Wu Q, Feng N. A systematic pan-cancer study demonstrates the oncogenic function of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2880-2901. [PMID: 35344508 PMCID: PMC9004556 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although complex links between heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC) and numerous types of cancer have been shown in both cell and animal models, a comprehensive pan-cancer investigation on the features and activities of HNRNPC is still lacking. Based on the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets, we investigated the possible oncogenic effects of HNRNPC in thirty-three cancers. HNRNPC expression was detected in the majority of cancers, and its expression level was shown to be significantly linked with cancer patient prognosis. HNRNPC increased the phosphorylation of S220, which was detected in various cancers, including ovarian cancer and colon cancer. HNRNPC expression was also shown to be related to cancer-associated cell infiltration, most notably in uveal melanoma, testicular germ cell tumors, and thymoma. Additionally, the signaling pathway for vascular endothelial growth factors and RNA transport were implicated in HNRNPC's functioning processes. In short, HNRNPC may further influence cancer progression through gene mutation, protein phosphorylation, cancer associated fibroblasts infiltration and related molecular pathways. This work was intended to provide a relatively thorough knowledge of the oncogenic activities of HNRNPC across a variety of tumor types by performing a systematic pan-cancer investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Research Center of Food Fermentation Engineering and Technology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Research Center of Food Fermentation Engineering and Technology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Nianjie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Research Center of Food Fermentation Engineering and Technology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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16
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Analysis of potential genetic biomarkers and molecular mechanism of smoking-related postmenopausal osteoporosis using weighted gene co-expression network analysis and machine learning. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257343. [PMID: 34555052 PMCID: PMC8459994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking is a significant independent risk factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis, leading to genome variations in postmenopausal smokers. This study investigates potential biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of smoking-related postmenopausal osteoporosis (SRPO). MATERIALS AND METHODS The GSE13850 microarray dataset was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Gene modules associated with SRPO were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and pathway and functional enrichment analyses. Feature genes were selected using two machine learning methods: support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and random forest (RF). The diagnostic efficiency of the selected genes was assessed by gene expression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS Eight highly conserved modules were detected in the WGCNA network, and the genes in the module that was strongly correlated with SRPO were used for constructing the PPI network. A total of 113 hub genes were identified in the core network using topological network analysis. Enrichment analysis results showed that hub genes were closely associated with the regulation of RNA transcription and translation, ATPase activity, and immune-related signaling. Six genes (HNRNPC, PFDN2, PSMC5, RPS16, TCEB2, and UBE2V2) were selected as genetic biomarkers for SRPO by integrating the feature selection of SVM-RFE and RF. CONCLUSION The present study identified potential genetic biomarkers and provided a novel insight into the underlying molecular mechanism of SRPO.
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17
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Wang S, Xu G, Chao F, Zhang C, Han D, Chen G. HNRNPC Promotes Proliferation, Metastasis and Predicts Prognosis in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:7263-7276. [PMID: 34584453 PMCID: PMC8464311 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s330713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of prostate cancer remains high worldwide, while exploring new therapeutic targets for prostate cancer is essential. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins have been proved to regulate tumorigeneses in various cancers. This study aimed to explore the role of HNRNPC in prostate cancer progression. METHODS HNRNPC expression and its correlation with clinical features and immune infiltration were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. The effects of HNRNPC on prostate cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were accessed by EdU, colony formation, transwell, and wound-healing assays. RESULTS The expression level of HNRNPC was significantly increased in prostate cancer tissues and was correlated with the T stage, N stage, Gleason score, PSA level, residual tumors, overall survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free interval of prostate cancer patients. Silencing HNRNPC inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of prostate cancer cells. The expression of HNRNPC was negatively correlated with the infiltration level of most immune cells in prostate cancer. Mechanistically, HNRNPC may function through regulating gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. CONCLUSION HNRNPC could be a potential marker for the treatment and prognosis prediction of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Wang
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Chao
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dunsheng Han
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Skerrett-Byrne DA, Bromfield EG, Murray HC, Jamaluddin MFB, Jarnicki AG, Fricker M, Essilfie AT, Jones B, Haw TJ, Hampsey D, Anderson AL, Nixon B, Scott RJ, Wark PAB, Dun MD, Hansbro PM. Time-resolved proteomic profiling of cigarette smoke-induced experimental chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respirology 2021; 26:960-973. [PMID: 34224176 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of illness and death worldwide. Current treatments aim to control symptoms with none able to reverse disease or stop its progression. We explored the major molecular changes in COPD pathogenesis. METHODS We employed quantitative label-based proteomics to map the changes in the lung tissue proteome of cigarette smoke-induced experimental COPD that is induced over 8 weeks and progresses over 12 weeks. RESULTS Quantification of 7324 proteins enabled the tracking of changes to the proteome. Alterations in protein expression profiles occurred in the induction phase, with 18 and 16 protein changes at 4- and 6-week time points, compared to age-matched controls, respectively. Strikingly, 269 proteins had altered expression after 8 weeks when the hallmark pathological features of human COPD emerge, but this dropped to 27 changes at 12 weeks with disease progression. Differentially expressed proteins were validated using other mouse and human COPD bronchial biopsy samples. Major changes in RNA biosynthesis (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C1/C2 [HNRNPC] and RNA-binding protein Musashi homologue 2 [MSI2]) and modulators of inflammatory responses (S100A1) were notable. Mitochondrial dysfunction and changes in oxidative stress proteins also occurred. CONCLUSION We provide a detailed proteomic profile, identifying proteins associated with the pathogenesis and disease progression of COPD establishing a platform to develop effective new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Skerrett-Byrne
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Bromfield
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Heather C Murray
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Fairuz B Jamaluddin
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew G Jarnicki
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Fricker
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ama T Essilfie
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bernadette Jones
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tatt J Haw
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel Hampsey
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda L Anderson
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew D Dun
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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19
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Wang Y, Su X, Zhao M, Xu M, Chen Y, Li Z, Zhuang W. Importance of N 6-methyladenosine RNA modification in lung cancer (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 14:128. [PMID: 33981432 PMCID: PMC8108057 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most common mRNA modification in eukaryotes and exerts biological functions by affecting RNA metabolism. The m6A modification is installed by m6A methyltransferases, removed by demethylases and recognized by m6A-binding proteins. The interaction between these three elements maintains the dynamic equilibrium of m6A in cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that m6A RNA methylation has a significant impact on RNA metabolism and is involved in the pathogenesis of cancer. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The treatment options for lung cancer have developed considerably over the past few years; however, the survival rate of patients with lung cancer still remains very low. Although diagnostic methods and targeted therapies have been rapidly developed in recent years, the underlying mechanism and importance of m6A RNA methylation in the pathogenesis of lung cancer remains ambiguous. The current review summarized the biological functions of m6A modification and considers the potential roles of m6A regulators in the occurrence and development of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology Test Technique, College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Su
- Department of Molecular Biology Test Technique, College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Mingyao Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biology Test Technique, College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Mingchen Xu
- Department of Molecular Biology Test Technique, College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Yueqi Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology Test Technique, College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyi Li
- Department of Clinical Examination Basis, Laboratory Academy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Wenyue Zhuang
- Department of Molecular Biology Test Technique, College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
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20
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Feng L, Yin YY, Liu CH, Xu KR, Li QR, Wu JR, Zeng R. Proteome-wide data analysis reveals tissue-specific network associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:946-957. [PMID: 32642770 PMCID: PMC7454804 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For patients with COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the damages to multiple organs have been clinically observed. Since most of current investigations for virus–host interaction are based on cell level, there is an urgent demand to probe tissue-specific features associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Based on collected proteomic datasets from human lung, colon, kidney, liver, and heart, we constructed a virus-receptor network, a virus-interaction network, and a virus-perturbation network. In the tissue-specific networks associated with virus–host crosstalk, both common and different key hubs are revealed in diverse tissues. Ubiquitous hubs in multiple tissues such as BRD4 and RIPK1 would be promising drug targets to rescue multi-organ injury and deal with inflammation. Certain tissue-unique hubs such as REEP5 might mediate specific olfactory dysfunction. The present analysis implies that SARS-CoV-2 could affect multi-targets in diverse host tissues, and the treatment of COVID-19 would be a complex task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Mollecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Mollecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cong-Hui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Mollecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ke-Ren Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Mollecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing-Run Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Mollecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jia-Rui Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Mollecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Mollecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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21
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Rieger MA, King DM, Crosby H, Liu Y, Cohen BA, Dougherty JD. CLIP and Massively Parallel Functional Analysis of CELF6 Reveal a Role in Destabilizing Synaptic Gene mRNAs through Interaction with 3' UTR Elements. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108531. [PMID: 33357440 DOI: 10.1101/401604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
CELF6 is a CELF-RNA-binding protein, and thus part of a protein family with roles in human disease; however, its mRNA targets in the brain are largely unknown. Using cross-linking immunoprecipitation and sequencing (CLIP-seq), we define its CNS targets, which are enriched for 3' UTRs in synaptic protein-coding genes. Using a massively parallel reporter assay framework, we test the consequence of CELF6 expression on target sequences, with and without mutating putative binding motifs. Where CELF6 exerts an effect on sequences, it is largely to decrease RNA abundance, which is reversed by mutating UGU-rich motifs. This is also the case for CELF3-5, with a protein-dependent effect on magnitude. Finally, we demonstrate that targets are derepressed in CELF6-mutant mice, and at least two key CNS proteins, FOS and FGF13, show altered protein expression levels and localization. Our works find, in addition to previously identified roles in splicing, that CELF6 is associated with repression of its CNS targets via the 3' UTR in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Rieger
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dana M King
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Haley Crosby
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yating Liu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Barak A Cohen
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph D Dougherty
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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22
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Rieger MA, King DM, Crosby H, Liu Y, Cohen BA, Dougherty JD. CLIP and Massively Parallel Functional Analysis of CELF6 Reveal a Role in Destabilizing Synaptic Gene mRNAs through Interaction with 3' UTR Elements. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108531. [PMID: 33357440 PMCID: PMC7780154 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CELF6 is a CELF-RNA-binding protein, and thus part of a protein family with roles in human disease; however, its mRNA targets in the brain are largely unknown. Using cross-linking immunoprecipitation and sequencing (CLIP-seq), we define its CNS targets, which are enriched for 3′ UTRs in synaptic protein-coding genes. Using a massively parallel reporter assay framework, we test the consequence of CELF6 expression on target sequences, with and without mutating putative binding motifs. Where CELF6 exerts an effect on sequences, it is largely to decrease RNA abundance, which is reversed by mutating UGU-rich motifs. This is also the case for CELF3–5, with a protein-dependent effect on magnitude. Finally, we demonstrate that targets are derepressed in CELF6-mutant mice, and at least two key CNS proteins, FOS and FGF13, show altered protein expression levels and localization. Our works find, in addition to previously identified roles in splicing, that CELF6 is associated with repression of its CNS targets via the 3′ UTR in vivo. Rieger et al. assay the function of the RNA-binding protein CELF6 by defining its targets in the brain. They show that CELF6 largely binds 3′ UTRs of synaptic mRNAs. Using a massively parallel reporter assay, they further show that CELF6 and other CELFs are associated with lower mRNA abundance and that targets are derepressed in Celf6-knockout mice in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Rieger
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dana M King
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Haley Crosby
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yating Liu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Barak A Cohen
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph D Dougherty
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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23
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Zhuang Z, Chen L, Mao Y, Zheng Q, Li H, Huang Y, Hu Z, Jin Y. Diagnostic, progressive and prognostic performance of m 6A methylation RNA regulators in lung adenocarcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1785-1797. [PMID: 32398949 PMCID: PMC7211177 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.39046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is dynamically and reversibly regulated by methyl-transferases ("writers"), binding proteins ("readers"), and demethylases ("erasers"). The m6A is restored to adenosine and thus to achieve demethylation modification. The abnormality of m6A epigenetic modification in cancer has been increasingly attended. However, we are rarely aware of its diagnostic, progressive and prognostic performance in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods and Results: The expression of 13 widely reported m6A RNA regulators in LUAD and normal samples were systematically analyzed. There were 12 m6A RNA methylation genes displaying aberrant expressions, and an 11-gene diagnostic score model was finally built (Diagnostic score =0.033*KIAA1429+0.116*HNRNPC+0.115*RBM15-0.067* METTL3-0.048*ZC3H13-0.221*WTAP+0.213*YTHDF1-0.132*YTHDC1-0.135* FTO+0.078*YTHDF2+0.014*ALKBH5). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to demonstrate superiority of the diagnostic score model (Area under the curve (AUC) was 0.996 of training cohort, P<0.0001; AUC was 0.971 of one validation cohort-GSE75037, P<0.0001; AUC was 0.878 of another validation cohort-GSE63459, P<0.0001). In both training and validation cohorts, YTHDC2 was associated with tumor stage (P<0.01), while HNRNPC was up expressed in progressed tumor (P<0.05). Besides, WTAP, RBM15, KIAA1429, YTHDF1, and YTHDF2 were all up expressed for TP53 mutation. Furthermore, using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) regression analysis, a ten-gene risk score model was built. Risk score=0.169*ALKBH5-0.159*FTO+0.581*HNRNPC-0.348* YTHDF2-0.265*YTHDF1-0.123*YTHDC2+0.434*RBM15+0.143*KIAA1429-0.200*WTAP-0.310*METTL3. There existed correlation between the risk score and TNM stage (P<0.01), lymph node stage (P<0.05), gender (P<0.05), living status (P<0.001). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of relevant clinicopathological characters and the risk score revealed risk score was an independent risk factor of lung adenocarcinoma (HR: 2.181, 95%CI (1.594-2.984), P<0.001). Finally, a nomogram was built to facilitate clinicians to predict outcome. Conclusions: m6A epigenetic modification took part in the progression, and provided auxiliary diagnosis and prognosis of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhi Zhuang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yuting Mao
- Second clinical college of medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qun Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Department of Respiratory medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yueyue Huang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zijing Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
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24
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Deciphering N 6-Methyladenosine-Related Genes Signature to Predict Survival in Lung Adenocarcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2514230. [PMID: 32258108 PMCID: PMC7066421 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2514230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Among these, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for most cases. Due to the improvement of precision medicine based on molecular characterization, the treatment of LUAD underwent significant changes. With these changes, the prognosis of LUAD becomes diverse. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most predominant modification in mRNAs, which has been a research hotspot in the field of oncology. Nevertheless, little has been studied to reveal the correlations between the m6A-related genes and prognosis in LUAD. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of m6A-related gene expressions in LUAD patients based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database by revealing their relationship with prognosis. Different expressions of the m6A-related genes in tumor tissues and non-tumor tissues were confirmed. Furthermore, their relationship with prognosis was studied via Consensus Clustering Analysis, Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Regression. Based on the above analyses, a m6A-based signature to predict the overall survival (OS) in LUAD was successfully established. Among the 479 cases, we found that most of the m6A-related genes were differentially expressed between tumor and non-tumor tissues. Six genes, HNRNPC, METTL3, YTHDC2, KIAA1429, ALKBH5, and YTHDF1 were screened to build a risk scoring signature, which is strongly related to the clinical features pathological stages (p < 0.05), M stages (p < 0.05), T stages (p < 0.05), gender (p = 0.04), and survival outcome (p = 0.02). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that risk value could be used as an independent prognostic factor, revealing that the m6A-related genes signature has great predictive value. Its efficacy was also validated by data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.
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25
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Fischl H, Neve J, Wang Z, Patel R, Louey A, Tian B, Furger A. hnRNPC regulates cancer-specific alternative cleavage and polyadenylation profiles. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:7580-7591. [PMID: 31147722 PMCID: PMC6698646 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) can occur at more than half of all human genes, greatly enhancing the cellular repertoire of mRNA isoforms. As these isoforms can have altered stability, localisation and coding potential, deregulation of APA can disrupt gene expression and this has been linked to many diseases including cancer progression. How APA generates cancer-specific isoform profiles and what their physiological consequences are, however, is largely unclear. Here we use a subcellular fractionation approach to determine the nuclear and cytoplasmic APA profiles of successive stages of colon cancer using a cell line-based model. Using this approach, we show that during cancer progression specific APA profiles are established. We identify that overexpression of hnRNPC has a critical role in the establishment of APA profiles characteristic for metastatic colon cancer cells, by regulating poly(A) site selection in a subset of genes that have been implicated in cancer progression including MTHFD1L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Fischl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Jonathan Neve
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Zhiqiao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Radhika Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Alastair Louey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Andre Furger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
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26
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Balaguer N, Moreno I, Herrero M, González M, Simón C, Vilella F. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C1 may control miR-30d levels in endometrial exosomes affecting early embryo implantation. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 24:411-425. [PMID: 29846695 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there a specific mechanism to load the microRNA (miRNA), hsa-miR-30d, into exosomes to facilitate maternal communication with preimplantation embryos? SUMMARY ANSWER The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C1 (hnRNPC1) is involved in the internalization of endometrial miR-30d into exosomes to prepare for its subsequent incorporation into trophectoderm cells. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Our group previously described a novel cell-to-cell communication mechanism involving the delivery of endometrial miRNAs from the maternal endometrium to the trophectoderm cells of preimplantation embryos. Specifically, human endometrial miR-30d is taken up by murine blastocysts causing the overexpression of certain genes involved in embryonic adhesion (Itb3, Itga7 and Cdh5) increasing embryo adhesion rates. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Transfer of maternal miR-30d to preimplantation embryos was confirmed by co-culture of wild-type (WT) and miR-30d knockout (KO) murine embryos with primary cultures of human endometrial epithelial cells (hEECs) in which mir-30d was labeled with specific Molecular Beacon (MB) or SmartFlare probes. Potential molecules responsible for the miR-30d loading into exosomes were purified by pull-down analysis with a biotinylated form of miR-30d on protein lysates from human endometrial exosomes, identified using mass spectrometry and assessed by flow cytometry, western blotting and co-localization studies. The role of hnRNPC1 in the miR-30d loading and transportation was interrogated by quantification of this miRNA in exosomes isolated from endometrial cells in which hnRNPC1 was transiently silenced using small interference RNA. Finally, the transfer of miR-30d to WT and KO embryos was assessed upon co-culture with sihnRNPC1 transfected cells. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Murine embryos from miR-30d WT and KO mice, (strain MirC26tm1Mtm/Mmjax), were obtained by oviduct flushing of superovulated females. Endometrial Exosomes were purified by ultracentrifugation of supernatants from primary cultures of hEECs or Ishikawa cells. MB and Smartflare miR-30d probes were detected by confocal and/or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). hEECs and exosomes derived from them were subjected to pull-down with a biotinylated form of miR-30d. Captured proteins were identified by mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Western blotting was performed to detect hnRNPC1 and CYR61 in whole lysates, subcellular fractions and secreted vesicles from hEECs. Co-localization studies of the selected proteins with the exosomal marker CD63 were performed. FACS analysis was carried out to determine the presence of hnRNPC1 inside exosomes. Silencing of hnRNPC1 was conducted in the Ishikawa Cell Line with the Smart Pool Accell HNRNPC siRNA at a final concentration of 50 nM. RT-qPCRs were done to determine the messenger levels of miR-30d in cells and exosomes. Co-cultures of WT and KO embryos were established with Ishikawa cells double-transfected with sihnRPNC1 and MB probes. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE MS/MS analysis allowed us to identify hnRNPC1 as a possible protein to influence miR-30d loading into exosomes. Co-localization studies of hnRNPC1 with CD63 and FACS analyses suggested the presence of hnRNPC1 inside exosomes. Silencing of hnRNPC1 in Ishikawa cells resulted in a sharp decrease of the levels of miR-30d in both epithelial-like cells (P = 0.0001) and exosomes (P = 0.0152), suggesting its potential role in miR-30d biogenesis and transfer. Co-culture assays of miR-30d KO embryos with sihnRNPC1 hEECs revealed a decrease in embryo-miR-30d acquisition during the adhesion and invasion stages. In turn, transient silencing of hnRNPC1 results in a significant decrease of blastocyst adhesion compared to mock transfection conditions using Block-it, in both WT [Mean ± SD; 67 ± 10.0% vs. 38 ± 8.5%(P = 0.0006)] and miR-30d KO embryos [Mean ± SD; 50 ± 11.5% vs. 26 ± 8.8% (P = 0.0029) (n = 2); 14 embryos transferred per condition tested]. LARGE-SCALE DATA MS/MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD008773. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The Ishikawa Cell Line was used as a model of hEECs in silencing experiments due to the low survival rates of primary hEECs after transfection. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The data show that hnRNPC1 may be involved in the internalization of miR-30d inside exosomes. The decreased rates of embryo adhesion in endometrial epithelial-like cells transiently silenced with sihnRNPC1evidence that hnRNPC1 could be an important player in the maternal-embryo communication established in the early stages of implantation. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the Miguel Servet Program Type I of Instituto de Salud Carlos III [CP13/00038]; FIS project [PI14/00545] to F.V.; the 'Atracció de Talent' Program from VLC-CAMPUS [UV-INV-PREDOC14-178329 to NB]; a Torres-Quevedo grant (PTQ-13-06133) by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness to IM and MINECO/FEDER Grant [SAF2015-67154-R] to C.S. The authors declare there is no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Balaguer
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Moreno
- Department of Basic Research, Igenomix, S.L. Parque Tecnológico de Paterna, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - M Herrero
- Department of Basic Research, Igenomix, S.L. Parque Tecnológico de Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - M González
- Department of Basic Research, Igenomix, S.L. Parque Tecnológico de Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Simón
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Basic Research, Igenomix, S.L. Parque Tecnológico de Paterna, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, Igenomix Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - F Vilella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, Igenomix Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
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27
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Vella V, Milluzzo A, Scalisi NM, Vigneri P, Sciacca L. Insulin Receptor Isoforms in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113615. [PMID: 30453495 PMCID: PMC6274710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) mediates both metabolic and mitogenic effects especially when overexpressed or in clinical conditions with compensatory hyperinsulinemia, due to the metabolic pathway resistance, as obesity diabetes. In many cancers, IR is overexpressed preferentially as IR-A isoform, derived by alternative splicing of exon 11. The IR-A overexpression, and the increased IR-A:IR-B ratio, are mechanisms that promote the mitogenic response of cancer cells to insulin and IGF-2, which is produced locally by both epithelial and stromal cancer cells. In cancer IR-A, isoform predominance may occur for dysregulation at both mRNA transcription and post-transcription levels, including splicing factors, non-coding RNAs and protein degradation. The mechanisms that regulate IR isoform expression are complex and not fully understood. The IR isoform overexpression may play a role in cancer cell stemness, in tumor progression and in resistance to target therapies. From a clinical point of view, the IR-A overexpression in cancer may be a determinant factor for the resistance to IGF-1R target therapies for this issue. IR isoform expression in cancers may have the meaning of a predictive biomarker and co-targeting IGF-1R and IR-A may represent a new more efficacious treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
- School of Human and Social Science, University "Kore" of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy.
| | - Agostino Milluzzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Nunzio Massimo Scalisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania Medical School, Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, via Santa Sofia, 78, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Laura Sciacca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
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Wu Y, Zhao W, Liu Y, Tan X, Li X, Zou Q, Xiao Z, Xu H, Wang Y, Yang X. Function of HNRNPC in breast cancer cells by controlling the dsRNA-induced interferon response. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201899017. [PMID: 30158112 PMCID: PMC6276880 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated expression of RNA binding protein HNRNPC has been reported in cancer cells, while the essentialness and functions of HNRNPC in tumors were not clear. We showed that repression of HNRNPC in the breast cancer cells MCF7 and T47D inhibited cell proliferation and tumor growth. Our computational inference of the key pathways and extensive experimental investigations revealed that the cascade of interferon responses mediated by RIG‐I was responsible for such tumor‐inhibitory effect. Interestingly, repression of HNRNPC resulted in accumulation of endogenous double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA), the binding ligand of RIG‐I. These up‐regulated dsRNA species were highly enriched by Alu sequences and mostly originated from pre‐mRNA introns that harbor the known HNRNPC binding sites. Such source of dsRNA is different than the recently well‐characterized endogenous retroviruses that encode dsRNA. In summary, essentialness of HNRNPC in the breast cancer cells was attributed to its function in controlling the endogenous dsRNA and the down‐stream interferon response. This is a novel extension from the previous understandings about HNRNPC in binding with introns and regulating RNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Wu
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwei Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-National Institute of Biological Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangtian Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-National Institute of Biological Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengtao Xiao
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-National Institute of Biological Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuerui Yang
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China .,MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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29
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Mishra N, Reddy KS, Timilsina U, Gaur D, Gaur R. Human APOBEC3B interacts with the heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A3 in cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6695-6703. [PMID: 29693745 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human APOBEC3B (A3B), like other APOBEC3 members, is a cytosine deaminase which causes hypermutation of single stranded genome. Recent studies have shown that A3B is predominantly elevated in multiple cancer tissues and cell lines such as the bladder, cervix, lung, head and neck, and breast. Upregulation and activation of A3B in developing tumors can cause an unexpected cluster of mutations which promote cancer development and progression. The cellular proteins which facilitate A3B function through direct or indirect interactions remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed LC-MS-based proteomics to identify cellular proteins which coimmunoprecipitated with A3B. Our results indicated a specific interaction of A3B with hnRNP A3 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein). This interaction was verified by co-immunoprecipitation and was found to be RNA-dependent. Furthermore, A3B and hnRNP A3 colocalized as evident from immunofluorescence analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawneet Mishra
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - K Sony Reddy
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Odisha, India
| | - Uddhav Timilsina
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Gaur
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Gaur
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
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30
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Elucidating the in vivo interactome of HIV-1 RNA by hybridization capture and mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16965. [PMID: 29208937 PMCID: PMC5717263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 replication requires myriad interactions between cellular proteins and the viral unspliced RNA. These interactions are important in archetypal RNA processes such as transcription and translation as well as for more specialized functions including alternative splicing and packaging of unspliced genomic RNA into virions. We present here a hybridization capture strategy for purification of unspliced full-length HIV RNA-protein complexes preserved in vivo by formaldehyde crosslinking, and coupled with mass spectrometry to identify HIV RNA-protein interactors in HIV-1 infected cells. One hundred eighty-nine proteins were identified to interact with unspliced HIV RNA including Rev and Gag/Gag-Pol, 24 host proteins previously shown to bind segments of HIV RNA, and over 90 proteins previously shown to impact HIV replication. Further analysis using siRNA knockdown techniques against several of these proteins revealed significant changes to HIV expression. These results demonstrate the utility of the approach for the discovery of host proteins involved in HIV replication. Additionally, because this strategy only requires availability of 30 nucleotides of the HIV-RNA for hybridization with a capture oligonucleotide, it is readily applicable to any HIV system of interest regardless of cell type, HIV-1 virus strain, or experimental perturbation.
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31
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Banerjee A, Vest KE, Pavlath GK, Corbett AH. Nuclear poly(A) binding protein 1 (PABPN1) and Matrin3 interact in muscle cells and regulate RNA processing. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:10706-10725. [PMID: 28977530 PMCID: PMC5737383 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The polyadenylate binding protein 1 (PABPN1) is a ubiquitously expressed RNA binding protein vital for multiple steps in RNA metabolism. Although PABPN1 plays a critical role in the regulation of RNA processing, mutation of the gene encoding this ubiquitously expressed RNA binding protein causes a specific form of muscular dystrophy termed oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). Despite the tissue-specific pathology that occurs in this disease, only recently have studies of PABPN1 begun to explore the role of this protein in skeletal muscle. We have used co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to identify proteins that interact with PABPN1 in mouse skeletal muscles. Among the interacting proteins we identified Matrin 3 (MATR3) as a novel protein interactor of PABPN1. The MATR3 gene is mutated in a form of distal myopathy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We demonstrate, that like PABPN1, MATR3 is critical for myogenesis. Furthermore, MATR3 controls critical aspects of RNA processing including alternative polyadenylation and intron retention. We provide evidence that MATR3 also binds and regulates the levels of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Neat1 and together with PABPN1 is required for normal paraspeckle function. We demonstrate that PABPN1 and MATR3 are required for paraspeckles, as well as for adenosine to inosine (A to I) RNA editing of Ctn RNA in muscle cells. We provide a functional link between PABPN1 and MATR3 through regulation of a common lncRNA target with downstream impact on paraspeckle morphology and function. We extend our analysis to a mouse model of OPMD and demonstrate altered paraspeckle morphology in the presence of endogenous levels of alanine-expanded PABPN1. In this study, we report protein-binding partners of PABPN1, which could provide insight into novel functions of PABPN1 in skeletal muscle and identify proteins that could be sequestered with alanine-expanded PABPN1 in the nuclear aggregates found in OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Banerjee
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Katherine E Vest
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Grace K Pavlath
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anita H Corbett
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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32
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Hu W, Li S, Park JY, Boppana S, Ni T, Li M, Zhu J, Tian B, Xie Z, Xiang M. Dynamic landscape of alternative polyadenylation during retinal development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:1721-1739. [PMID: 27990575 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of the central nervous system (CNS) is a complex process that must be exquisitely controlled at multiple levels to ensure the production of appropriate types and quantity of neurons. RNA alternative polyadenylation (APA) contributes to transcriptome diversity and gene regulation, and has recently been shown to be widespread in the CNS. However, the previous studies have been primarily focused on the tissue specificity of APA and developmental APA change of whole model organisms; a systematic survey of APA usage is lacking during CNS development. Here, we conducted global analysis of APA during mouse retinal development, and identified stage-specific polyadenylation (pA) sites that are enriched for genes critical for retinal development and visual perception. Moreover, we demonstrated 3'UTR (untranslated region) lengthening and increased usage of intronic pA sites over development that would result in gaining many different RBP (RNA-binding protein) and miRNA target sites. Furthermore, we showed that a considerable number of polyadenylated lncRNAs are co-expressed with protein-coding genes involved in retinal development and functions. Together, our data indicate that APA is highly and dynamically regulated during retinal development and maturation, suggesting that APA may serve as a crucial mechanism of gene regulation underlying the delicate process of CNS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 500040, China
| | - Shengguo Li
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ji Yeon Park
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Sridhar Boppana
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ting Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Miaoxin Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Genome Research, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Zhi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 500040, China.
| | - Mengqing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 500040, China. .,Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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33
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Falkenberg N, Anastasov N, Schaub A, Radulovic V, Schmitt M, Magdolen V, Aubele M. Secreted uPAR isoform 2 (uPAR7b) is a novel direct target of miR-221. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8103-14. [PMID: 25797271 PMCID: PMC4480738 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-221/-222 and components of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator system (uPAS) are associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in breast cancer, including the triple-negative subtype (TNBC). Modification of components of uPAS and involved miRNAs may contribute to targeted therapy for breast cancer patients. miR-221−/−222-overexpressing or miR-221-depleted cells were employed for qRT-PCR and Western blots to show associations of uPAR with miR-221/-222. To substantiate direct targeting of miR-221/-222 within 3′ UTR of the uPAR isoform 2, in silico analysesand in vitro assays were conducted. Significant associations between miR-221 and uPAR isoform 2 expressions were observed at the mRNA and protein levels in breast cancer cells representing TNBC. For the first time, the uPAR isoform 2 was demonstrated as direct target for miR-221/-222. Inhibition of miR-221 reduced uPAR protein expression and expression of the tumor cell invasion markers vimentin and RHOC. These results demonstrate a direct and positive regulation of the secreted uPAR isoform 2 by miR-221, increasing its protein expression, a prerequisite for malignancy, while the other uPAR isoforms (1, 3 and 4) are indirectly regulated through miR-10b and miR-221/-222. By targeting uPAR isoforms and/or miRNA-221/-222, the diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer, in particular in TNBC, could be significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Falkenberg
- Institute of Pathology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nataša Anastasov
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annalisa Schaub
- Institute of Pathology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vanja Radulovic
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Schmitt
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Viktor Magdolen
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Michaela Aubele
- Institute of Pathology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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34
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Su SC, Lin CW, Yang WE, Fan WL, Yang SF. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system as a biomarker and therapeutic target in human malignancies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:551-66. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1113260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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35
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Khan SM, Min A, Gora S, Houranieh GM, Campden R, Robitaille M, Trieu P, Pétrin D, Jacobi AM, Behlke MA, Angers S, Hébert TE. Gβ 4 γ 1 as a modulator of M3 muscarinic receptor signalling and novel roles of Gβ 1 subunits in the modulation of cellular signalling. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1597-608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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36
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Wang G, Wang JJ, Tang HM, To SST. Targeting strategies on miRNA-21 and PDCD4 for glioblastoma. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 580:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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37
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Chen J, Li L, Su J, Li B, Zhang X, Chen T. Proteomic Analysis of G2/M Arrest Triggered by Natural Borneol/Curcumin in HepG2 Cells, the Importance of the Reactive Oxygen Species-p53 Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6440-6449. [PMID: 26051007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur), an active ingredient from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa, has wide anticancer activities. However, due to its poor solubility and hence poor absorption, Cur has limited clinical applications. It is therefore important to develop an effective method to improve its absorption. Natural borneol (NB), a terpene and bicyclic organic compound, has been extensively used as a food additive, and our previous studies show that it can improve the uptake of Cur in cancer cells. However, the anticancer mechanism of NB/Cur remains unclear. In this study, the effects of NB/Cur on HepG2 cells were investigated by proteomic analysis. The results showed that 32 differentially expressed proteins identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were significantly changed after NB/Cur treated HepG2 cells for 24 h. Moreover, 17 proteins increased and 12 proteins decreased significantly. Biological progress categorization demonstrated that the identified proteins were mainly associated with cell cycle and apoptosis (28.1%). Subcellular location categorization exhibited that the identified proteins were mainly located in nucleus (28.1%) and mitochondrion (21.9%). Among of all proteins, we selected three differential proteins (hnRNPC1/C2, NPM, and PSMA5), which were associated with the p53 pathway. Down-regulation of hnRNPC1/C2 and NPM contributed to the enhancement of phosphorylated p53. Activated p53 and down-regulation of PSMA5 resulted in an increase in p21 protein. Further studies showed that NB/Cur induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, indicating that ROS might be upstream of the G2/M arrest signaling pathway. In summary, the results exhibited the whole proteomic response of HepG2 cells to NB/Cur, which might lead to a better understanding of its underlying anticancer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Chen
- †College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- §College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Lin Li
- †College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianyu Su
- †College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- #Guangdong Hua Qing Yuan Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Meizhou, 514600, China
| | - Bing Li
- †College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- †College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- #Guangdong Hua Qing Yuan Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Meizhou, 514600, China
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38
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Hamada T, Miyakawa K, Kushige H, Shibata S, Kurachi S. Age-related expression analysis of mouse liver nuclear protein binding to 3'-untranslated region of Period2 gene. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:349-57. [PMID: 25846207 PMCID: PMC10717453 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, both circadian rhythm and aging play important roles in regulating time-dependent homeostasis. We previously discovered an age-related increase element binding protein, hnRNP A3, which binds to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of blood coagulation factor IX (FIX). Here, we describe other members of this protein family, hnRNP C and hnRNP H, which bind to the 3'-UTR of the mouse circadian clock gene Period 2 (mPer2). RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assays using a (32)P-labeled Per2 RNA probe coupled with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by MALDI-TOF/MS peptide mass fingerprint analysis was used to analyze these proteins. Western blotting suggested that the total expression of these proteins in mouse liver cell nuclei does not increase with age. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of age-related protein expression showed that many isoforms of these proteins exist in the liver and that each protein exhibits a complex age-related expression pattern. These results suggest that many isoforms of proteins are regulated by different aging systems and that many age regulation systems function in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Hamada
- Applied Molecular-Imaging Physics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan,
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39
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Shen ZJ, Malter JS. Regulation of AU-Rich Element RNA Binding Proteins by Phosphorylation and the Prolyl Isomerase Pin1. Biomolecules 2015; 5:412-34. [PMID: 25874604 PMCID: PMC4496679 DOI: 10.3390/biom5020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR), AU-rich element (ARE) containing mRNAs, are predominantly controlled at the post-transcriptional level. Regulation appears to rely on a variable and dynamic interaction between mRNA target and ARE-specific binding proteins (AUBPs). The AUBP-ARE mRNA recognition is directed by multiple intracellular signals that are predominantly targeted at the AUBPs. These include (but are unlikely limited to) methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination and isomerization. These regulatory events ultimately affect ARE mRNA location, abundance, translation and stability. In this review, we describe recent advances in our understanding of phosphorylation and its impact on conformation of the AUBPs, interaction with ARE mRNAs and highlight the role of Pin1 mediated prolyl cis-trans isomerization in these biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jian Shen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8548, USA.
| | - James S Malter
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8548, USA.
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40
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Dechtawewat T, Songprakhon P, Limjindaporn T, Puttikhunt C, Kasinrerk W, Saitornuang S, Yenchitsomanus PT, Noisakran S. Role of human heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C1/C2 in dengue virus replication. Virol J 2015; 12:14. [PMID: 25890165 PMCID: PMC4351676 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-014-0219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host and viral proteins are involved in dengue virus (DENV) replication. Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) C1/C2 are abundant host cellular proteins that exhibit RNA binding activity and play important roles in the replication of positive-strand RNA viruses such as poliovirus and hepatitis C virus. hnRNP C1/C2 have previously been shown to interact with vimentin and viral NS1 in DENV-infected cells; however, their functional role in DENV replication is not clearly understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of hnRNP C1/C2 in DENV replication by using an in vitro model of DENV infection in a hepatocyte cell line (Huh7) and siRNA-mediated knockdown of hnRNP C1/C2. METHODS Huh7 cells were transfected with hnRNP C1/C2-specific siRNA or irrelevant siRNA (control) followed by infection with DENV. Mock and DENV-infected knockdown cells were processed for immunoprecipitation using hnRNP C1/C2-specific antibody or their isotype-matched control antibody. The immunoprecipitated samples were subjected to RNA extraction and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of DENV RNA. In addition, the knockdown cells harvested at varying time points after the infection were assessed for cell viability, cell proliferation, percentage of DENV infection, amount of viral RNA, and viral E and NS1 expression. Culture supernatants were subjected to focus forming unit assays to determine titers of infectious DENV. DENV luciferase reporter assay was also set up to determine viral translation. RESULTS Immunoprecipitation with the anti-hnRNP C1/C2 antibody and subsequent RT-PCR revealed the presence of DENV RNA in the immunoprecipitated complex containing hnRNP C1/C2 proteins. Transfection with hnRNP C1/C2-specific siRNA resulted in a significant reduction of hnRNP C1/C2 mRNA and protein levels but did not induce cell death during DENV infection. The reduced hnRNP C1/C2 expression decreased the percentage of DENV antigen-positive cells as well as the amount of DENV RNA and the relative levels of DENV E and NS1 proteins; however, it had no direct effect on DENV translation. In addition, a significant reduction of DENV titers was observed in the supernatant from DENV-infected cells following the knockdown of hnRNP C1/C2. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that hnRNP C1/C2 is involved in DENV replication at the stage of viral RNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanyaporn Dechtawewat
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Office of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Pucharee Songprakhon
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Office of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Thawornchai Limjindaporn
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Chunya Puttikhunt
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Watchara Kasinrerk
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Sawanan Saitornuang
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Office of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Sansanee Noisakran
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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HnRNP C, YB-1 and hnRNP L coordinately enhance skipping of human MUSK exon 10 to generate a Wnt-insensitive MuSK isoform. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6841. [PMID: 25354590 PMCID: PMC4213890 DOI: 10.1038/srep06841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) is an essential postsynaptic transmembrane molecule that mediates clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChR). MUSK exon 10 is alternatively skipped in human, but not in mouse. Skipping of this exon disrupts a cysteine-rich region (Fz-CRD), which is essential for Wnt-mediated AChR clustering. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of alternative splicing, we exploited block-scanning mutagenesis with human minigene and identified a 20-nucleotide block that contained exonic splicing silencers. Using RNA-affinity purification, mass spectrometry, and Western blotting, we identified that hnRNP C, YB-1 and hnRNP L are bound to MUSK exon 10. siRNA-mediated knockdown and cDNA overexpression confirmed the additive, as well as the independent, splicing suppressing effects of hnRNP C, YB-1 and hnRNP L. Antibody-mediated in vitro protein depletion and scanning mutagenesis additionally revealed that binding of hnRNP C to RNA subsequently promotes binding of YB-1 and hnRNP L to the immediate downstream sites and enhances exon skipping. Simultaneous tethering of two splicing trans-factors to the target confirmed the cooperative effect of YB-1 and hnRNP L on hnRNP C-mediated exon skipping. Search for a similar motif in the human genome revealed nine alternative exons that were individually or coordinately regulated by hnRNP C and YB-1.
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42
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Ma WJ, Guo X, Yu YX, Gao ZQ. Cytoskeleton remodeling and oxidative stress description in morphologic changes of chondrocyte in Kashin-Beck disease. Ultrastruct Pathol 2014; 38:406-12. [PMID: 25192227 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2014.950779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is a kind of deformity disease involved in cytoskeleton and inner homeostasis regulation. The enrichment analysis of bioprocess, networks, and related disease set were performed. The development regulation, metabolic process, and apoptosis were important procession in KBD; it revealed the up-regulated process in removal of superoxide radicals, glycolysis and glucose catabolic process, regulation of cytoskeleton rearrangement and phagosome in antigen presentation. Morphological changes of KBD chondrocyte were investigated by transmission electronic microscopy compare with the normal one. The ultrastructure of KBD chondrocyte referred to oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Juan Ma
- Public Health College of Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , PR China
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43
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The heterodimeric structure of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C1/C2 dictates 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-directed transcriptional events in osteoblasts. Bone Res 2014; 2. [PMID: 25506471 PMCID: PMC4261231 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) C plays a key role in RNA processing but also exerts a dominant negative effect on responses to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) by functioning as a vitamin D response element-binding protein (VDRE-BP). hnRNPC acts a tetramer of hnRNPC1 (huC1) and hnRNPC2 (huC2), and organization of these subunits is critical to in vivo nucleic acid-binding. Overexpression of either huC1 or huC2 in human osteoblasts is sufficient to confer VDRE-BP suppression of 1,25(OH)2D-mediated transcription. However, huC1 or huC2 alone did not suppress 1,25(OH)2D-induced transcription in mouse osteoblastic cells. By contrast, overexpression of huC1 and huC2 in combination or transfection with a bone-specific polycistronic vector using a “self-cleaving” 2A peptide to co-express huC1/C2 suppressed 1,25D-mediated induction of osteoblast target gene expression. Structural diversity of hnRNPC between human/NWPs and mouse/rat/rabbit/dog was investigated by analysis of sequence variations within the hnRNP CLZ domain. The predicted loss of distal helical function in hnRNPC from lower species provides an explanation for the altered interaction between huC1/C2 and their mouse counterparts. These data provide new evidence of a role for hnRNPC1/C2 in 1,25(OH)2D-driven gene expression, and further suggest that species-specific tetramerization is a crucial determinant of its actions as a regulator of VDR-directed transactivation.
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44
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Wu X, Wang S, Yu Y, Zhang J, Sun Z, Yan Y, Zhou J. Subcellular proteomic analysis of human host cells infected with H3N2 swine influenza virus. Proteomics 2013; 13:3309-26. [PMID: 24115376 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cross-species transmissions of swine influenza viruses (SIVs) raise great public health concerns. In this study, subcellular proteomic profiles of human A549 cells inoculated with H3N2 subtype SIV were used to characterize dynamic cellular responses to infection. By 2DE and MS, 27 differentially expressed (13 upregulated, 14 downregulated) cytoplasmic proteins and 20 differentially expressed (13 upregulated, 7 downregulated) nuclear proteins were identified. Gene ontology analysis suggested that these differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in cell death, stress response, lipid metabolism, cell signaling, and RNA PTMs. Moreover, 25 corresponding genes of the differentially expressed proteins were quantitated by real time RT-PCR to examine the transcriptional profiles between mock- and virus-infected A549 cells. Western blot analysis confirmed that changes in abundance of identified cellular proteins heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) U, hnRNP C, ALDH1A1, tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, IFI35, and HSPB1 in H3N2 SIV-infected cells were consistent with results of 2DE analysis. By confocal microscopy, nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation of hnRNP C and colocalization between the viral nonstructural protein 1 and hnRNP C as well as N-myc (and STAT) interactor were observed upon infection. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that cellular proteins altered during infection were grouped mainly into NFκB and interferon signaling networks. Collectively, these identified subcellular constituents provide an important framework for understanding host/SIV interactions and underlying mechanisms of SIV cross-species infection and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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45
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MiR-221/-222 differentiate prognostic groups in advanced breast cancers and influence cell invasion. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2714-23. [PMID: 24129242 PMCID: PMC3833215 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: MiR-221/-222 are frequently overexpressed in breast cancer and are associated with increased malignancy. The specific modification of microRNAs (miRNAs) expression could be a promising strategy in breast cancer therapy, leading to the suppression of tumourigenic processes in tumour cells. Methods: MiR-221/-222 expressions were analysed in 86 breast cancer tissues by quantitative RT–PCR and tested for correlation with immunohistochemistry data and clinical follow-up. In vitro assays were conducted using human breast cancer cell lines with lentiviral overexpression of miR-221/-222. Results: In tumour tissues, miR-221/-222 were associated with the occurrence of distant metastases. In particular, high levels of miR-221 were revealed to have a high prognostic impact for the identification of significantly different groups with advanced tumours. MiR-221/-222 overexpression strongly increased cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Following miR-221/-222 overexpression an increased uPAR expression and cell invasion were observed. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant role for highly expressed miR-221/-222 in advanced breast cancers allowing for the identification of significantly different prognostic groups, particularly for HER2-positive and lymph-node-positive breast cancers. Considering that miR-221/-222 are strongly involved in cell invasion, these miRNAs may be promising markers for breast cancer prognosis and therapy.
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46
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Panda AC, Grammatikakis I, Yoon JH, Abdelmohsen K. Posttranscriptional regulation of insulin family ligands and receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:19202-29. [PMID: 24051403 PMCID: PMC3794829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140919202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin system including ligands (insulin and IGFs) and their shared receptors (IR and IGFR) are critical regulators of insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. Altered insulin system is associated with major pathological conditions like diabetes and cancer. The mRNAs encoding for these ligands and their receptors are posttranscriptionally controlled by three major groups of regulators; (i) alternative splicing regulatory factors; (ii) turnover and translation regulator RNA-binding proteins (TTR-RBPs); and (iii) non-coding RNAs including miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). In this review, we discuss the influence of these regulators on alternative splicing, mRNA stability and translation. Due to the pathological impacts of insulin system, we also discussed the possibilities of discovering new potential regulators which will improve understanding of insulin system and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaresh C Panda
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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47
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Noh H, Hong S, Huang S. Role of urokinase receptor in tumor progression and development. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:487-95. [PMID: 23843896 PMCID: PMC3706692 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated level of urokinase receptor (uPAR) is detected in various aggressive cancer types and is closely associated with poor prognosis of cancers. Binding of uPA to uPAR triggers the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin and the subsequent activation of metalloproteinases. These events confer tumor cells with the capability to degrade the components of the surrounding extracellular matrix, thus contributing to tumor cell invasion and metastasis. uPA-uPAR interaction also elicits signals that stimulate cell proliferation/survival and the expression of tumor-promoting genes, thus assisting tumor development. In addition to its interaction with uPA, uPAR also interacts with vitronectin and this interaction promotes cancer metastasis by activating Rac and stimulating cell migration. Although underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated, uPAR has been shown to facilitate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and induce cancer stem cell-like properties in breast cancer cells. The fact that uPAR lacks intracellular domain suggests that its signaling must be mediated through its co-receptors. Indeed, uPAR interacts with diverse transmembrane proteins including integrins, ENDO180, G protein-coupled receptors and growth factor receptors in cancer cells and these interactions are proven to be critical for the role of uPAR in tumorigenesis. Inhibitory peptide that prevents uPA-uPAR interaction has shown the promise to prolong patients' survival in the early stage of clinical trial. The importance of uPAR's co-receptor in uPAR's tumor-promoting effects implicate that anti-cancer therapeutic agents may also be developed by disrupting the interactions between uPAR and its functional partners.
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48
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Sun DAQ, Wang Y, Liu DG. Overexpression of hnRNPC2 induces multinucleation by repression of Aurora B in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2013; 5:1243-1249. [PMID: 23599772 PMCID: PMC3629224 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous ribonuclear protein C2 (hnRNPC2), an RNA binding protein, is a component of hnRNPC which is upregulated in many tumors. Multinucleation exists in many tumors and is positively correlated with tumor grade. To uncover the correlation between hnRNPC2 and multi-nucleation in hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells, we constructed a pEGFP-hnRNPC2 vector and transfected it into cancer cells. Our results revealed that overexpression of hnRNPC2 induced multinucleation in SMMC-7721 cells. Tracking tests indicated that the induced multinucleated cells were unable to recover to mononuclear cells and finally died as a result of defects in cell division. Furthermore, Aurora B, which was localized at the midbody and plays a role in cytokinesis, was repressed in hnRNPC2-overexpressing cells, whose knockdown by RNA interference also induced multinucleation in SMMC-7721 cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and mRNA-protein co-immunoprecipitation results revealed that Aurora B mRNA did not decrease in hnRNPC2-overexpressing cells, instead it bound more hnRNPC2 and less eIF4E, an mRNA cap binding protein and translational initiation factor. Moreover, hnRNPC2 bound more eIF4E in hnRNPC2-overexpressing cells. These results indicate that hnRNPC2 repressed Aurora B binding with eIF4F, which must bind with Aurora B mRNA in order to initiate its translation. This induced multinucleation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In addition, hnRNPC2 accelerated hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation. Collectively, these data suggest that hnRNPC2 may be a potential target for hepatocellular carcinoma cell diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- DA-Quan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
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49
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Shetty SK, Bhandary YP, Marudamuthu AS, Abernathy D, Velusamy T, Starcher B, Shetty S. Regulation of airway and alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis by p53-Induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 during cigarette smoke exposure injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:474-83. [PMID: 22592924 PMCID: PMC3488631 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0390oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of tumor suppressor protein p53 and of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 is associated with cigarette smoke (CS) exposure-induced lung epithelial injury. p53 induces PAI-1 through mRNA stabilization in lung epithelial cells. However, it is unclear how this process affects lung epithelial damage. Here, we show that CS induces p53 and PAI-1 expression and apoptosis in cultured Beas2B and primary alveolar type (AT)II cells. CS exposure augmented binding of p53 protein with PAI-1 mRNA. Inhibition of p53 from binding to PAI-1 mRNA through expression of p53-binding 70 nt PAI-1 mRNA 3'UTR sequences suppressed CS-induced PAI-1 expression. Treatment of Beas2B cells with caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide (CSP) suppressed p53 expression and p53-PAI-1 mRNA interaction. These changes were associated with parallel inhibition of CS-induced PAI-1 expression and apoptosis in Beas2B cells. Wild-type mice exposed to passive CS likewise show augmented p53 and PAI-1 with parallel induction of ATII cell apoptosis, whereas mice deficient for p53 or PAI-1 expression resisted apoptosis of ATII cells. CSP suppressed CS-induced ATII cell apoptosis in wild-type mice and abrogated p53-PAI-1 mRNA interaction with parallel inhibition of p53 and PAI-1 expression. The protection against ATII cell apoptosis by CSP involves inhibition of passive CS-induced proapoptotic Bax and Bak expression and restoration of the prosurvival proteins Bcl-X(L). These observations demonstrate that inhibition of p53 binding to PAI-1 mRNA 3'UTR attenuates CS-induced ATII cell apoptosis. This presents a novel link between p53-mediated PAI-1 expression and CS-induced ATII cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetha K Shetty
- The Texas Lung Injury Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US HWY 271, Lab C-6, Tyler, TX, 75708, USA.
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50
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Hwang SJ, Seol HJ, Park YM, Kim KH, Gorospe M, Nam DH, Kim HH. MicroRNA-146a suppresses metastatic activity in brain metastasis. Mol Cells 2012; 34:329-34. [PMID: 22949171 PMCID: PMC3887840 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-0171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary lung tumors, breast tumors, and melanoma metastasize mainly in the brain where therapy is limited to surgery and radiation. To investigate the molecular basis of brain metastases, we isolated brain-trophic metastatic MDA-MB-435-LvBr2 (LvBr2) cells via left ventricle (LV) injection of MDA-MB-435 cells into immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice. Whereas parent MDA-MB-435 cells displayed an elongated morphology, LvBr2 cells were round and displayed an aggregated distribution. LvBr2 cells expressed lower β-catenin levels and higher heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C1/C2 (hnRNPC) levels than parental cells. Since microRNAs are known to play an important role in cancer progression including metastasis, we screened microRNAs expressed specifically in brain metastases. MicroRNA-146a was almost undetectable in LvBr2 cells and highly expressed in the parental cells. Overexpression of miR-146a increased β-catenin expression and suppressed the migratory and invasive activity of LvBr2 cells. The miR-146a-elicited decrease in hnRNPC in turn lowered the expression of MMP-1, uPA, and uPAR and inhibited the migratory and invasive activity of LvBr2 cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that miR-146a is virtually absent from brain metastases and can suppress their metastatic potential including their migratory and invasive activities associated with upregulation of β-catenin and downregulation of hnRNPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Hwang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 135-710,
Korea
| | - Ho Jun Seol
- Cancer Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710,
Korea
| | - Young Mi Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 135-710,
Korea
| | - Kang Ho Kim
- Cancer Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710,
Korea
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore,
USA
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Cancer Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710,
Korea
| | - Hyeon Ho Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 135-710,
Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710,
Korea
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