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Sakayanathan P, Loganathan C, Thayumanavan P. Protection of pancreatic beta cells against high glucose-induced toxicity by astaxanthin-s-allyl cysteine diester: alteration of oxidative stress and apoptotic-related protein expression. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:316-324. [PMID: 35482540 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2022.2064878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: High glucose (HG)-induced oxidative stress is associated with apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells. The protective effect of astaxanthin-s-allyl cysteine diester (AST-SAC) against HG-induced oxidative stress in pancreatic β-cells (βTC-tet cell line) in in vitro was studied.Materials and Methods: βTC-tet cell line was exposed to HG in the presence and absence of AST-SAC. Various parameters such as cell viability, reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation and expression of proteins involved in apoptosis [p53, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X (Bax), cytochrome c and caspase 3] were studied.Results: Pre-treatment of βTC-tet cells with AST-SAC (4, 8 and 12 μg/ml) in the presence of HG (25 mM) protected the viability of the cells in a dose-dependent manner. AST-SAC treatment mitigated the oxidative stress thereby preventing the mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage and apoptosis in βTC-tet cells against HG toxicity. Treatment with AST-SAC prevented the increased expression of p53 under HG conditions. Further, AST-SAC treatment maintained the level of pro-apoptotic (Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome c) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) proteins to that of the control level under HG exposed conditions in βTC-tet cells.Conclusion: Altogether, AST-SAC alleviated HG-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells by enhancing the antioxidant status and altering apoptotic-related protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chitra Loganathan
- Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem, India
- Research and Development center, Bioinnov Solutions LLP, Salem, India
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2
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Saucedo R, Ortega-Camarillo C, Ferreira-Hermosillo A, Díaz-Velázquez MF, Meixueiro-Calderón C, Valencia-Ortega J. Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1812. [PMID: 37891891 PMCID: PMC10604289 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common pregnancy complications. It is related to several gestational and fetal adverse outcomes. Moreover, women with GDM and their infants have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. The pathogenesis of GDM is not completely understood; nevertheless, two factors that contribute to its development are oxidative stress and inflammation. Oxidative stress and inflammation are related; reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can activate inflammatory cells and enhance the production of inflammatory mediators. Inflammation, in turn, leads to an increased ROS release, causing a vicious circle to ensue. Inflammatory responses can be achieved via the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Herein, we review the English literature regarding oxidative stress and inflammation evaluated simultaneously in the same population, attempting to identify mechanisms through which these factors contribute to the development of GDM. Furthermore, the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation by different therapies used in women with GDM and in cell models of GDM is included in the review. Probiotics and nutrient supplementations have been shown to reduce biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro and in women with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Saucedo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (R.S.); (A.F.-H.)
| | - Clara Ortega-Camarillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Aldo Ferreira-Hermosillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (R.S.); (A.F.-H.)
| | - Mary Flor Díaz-Velázquez
- Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia 3, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 02990, Mexico;
| | | | - Jorge Valencia-Ortega
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
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3
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Barzalobre-Geronimo R, Contreras-Ramos A, Cervantes-Cruz AI, Cruz M, Suárez-Sánchez F, Goméz-Zamudio J, Diaz-Rosas G, Ávalos-Rodríguez A, Díaz-Flores M, Ortega-Camarillo C. Pancreatic β-Cell Apoptosis in Normoglycemic Rats is Due to Mitochondrial Translocation of p53-Induced by the Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:503-514. [PMID: 37392315 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Overstimulation of pancreatic β-cells can lead to dysfunction and death, prior to the clinical manifestations of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The excessive consumption of carbohydrates induces metabolic alterations that can affect the functions of the β-cells and cause their death. We analyzed the role of p53 in pancreatic β cell death in carbohydrate-supplemented Sprague Dawley rats. For four months, the animals received drinking water containing either 40% sucrose or 40% fructose. The glucose tolerance test was performed at week 15. Apoptosis was assessed with the TUNEL assay (TdT-mediated dUTP-nick end-labeling). Bax, p53, and insulin were assessed by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and real-time quantitative PCR. Insulin, triacylglycerol, and serum glucose and fatty acids in pancreatic tissue were measured. Carbohydrate consumption promotes apoptosis and mobilization of p53 from the cytosol to rat pancreatic β-cell mitochondria before blood glucose rises. An increase in p53, miR-34a, and Bax mRNA was also detected (P < 0.001) in the sucrose group. As well as hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, visceral fat accumulation, and increased pancreatic fatty acids in the sucrose group. Carbohydrate consumption increases p53 and its mobilization into β-cell mitochondria and coincides with the increased rate of apoptosis, which occurs before serum glucose levels rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Barzalobre-Geronimo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. CDMX, México, Mexico
- Medical Research Unit in Biochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. CDMX, México, México
| | - Alejandra Contreras-Ramos
- Molecular Biology Research Lab Congenital Malformations Center, Children Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez (HIMFG). CDMX, México, Mexico
| | - Aaron I Cervantes-Cruz
- Medical Research Unit in Biochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. CDMX, México, México
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Medical Research Unit in Biochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. CDMX, México, México
| | - Fernando Suárez-Sánchez
- Medical Research Unit in Biochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. CDMX, México, México
| | - Jaime Goméz-Zamudio
- Medical Research Unit in Biochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. CDMX, México, México
| | - Guadalupe Diaz-Rosas
- Molecular Biology Research Lab Congenital Malformations Center, Children Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez (HIMFG). CDMX, México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Ávalos-Rodríguez
- Deparment of Agricultural and Animal Prod, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Xoch. CDMX, México, México
| | - Margarita Díaz-Flores
- Medical Research Unit in Biochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. CDMX, México, México
| | - Clara Ortega-Camarillo
- Medical Research Unit in Biochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. CDMX, México, México.
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4
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Di Tomo P, Alessio N, Falone S, Pietrangelo L, Lanuti P, Cordone V, Santini SJ, Di Pietrantonio N, Marchisio M, Protasi F, Di Pietro N, Formoso G, Amicarelli F, Galderisi U, Pandolfi A. Endothelial cells from umbilical cord of women affected by gestational diabetes: A suitable in vitro model to study mechanisms of early vascular senescence in diabetes. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21662. [PMID: 34046935 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002072rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVECs) obtained from women affected by gestational diabetes (GD-HUVECs) display durable pro-atherogenic modifications and might be considered a valid in vitro model for studying chronic hyperglycemia effects on early endothelial senescence. Here, we demonstrated that GD- compared to C-HUVECs (controls) exhibited oxidative stress, altered both mitochondrial membrane potential and antioxidant response, significant increase of senescent cells characterized by a reduced NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) activity together with an increase in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-2A (P16), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-1 (P21), and tumor protein p53 (P53) acetylation. This was associated with the p300 activation, and its silencing significantly reduced the GD-HUVECs increased protein levels of P300 and Ac-P53 thus indicating a persistent endothelial senescence via SIRT1/P300/P53/P21 pathway. Overall, our data suggest that GD-HUVECs can represent an "endothelial hyperglycemic memory" model to investigate in vitro the early endothelium senescence in cells chronically exposed to hyperglycemia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Di Tomo
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology - CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Falone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology - CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology - CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valeria Cordone
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvano Junior Santini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nadia Di Pietrantonio
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology - CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology - CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology - CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Natalia Di Pietro
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology - CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Gloria Formoso
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology - CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fernanda Amicarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology - CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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5
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Luo EF, Li HX, Qin YH, Qiao Y, Yan GL, Yao YY, Li LQ, Hou JT, Tang CC, Wang D. Role of ferroptosis in the process of diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:124-137. [PMID: 33594332 PMCID: PMC7839168 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction, a hallmark of diabetes, is a critical and initiating contributor to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiovascular complications. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Ferroptosis is a newly defined regulated cell death driven by cellular metabolism and iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Although the involvement of ferroptosis in disease pathogenesis has been shown in cancers and degenerative diseases, the participation of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of diabetic endothelial dysfunction remains unclear.
AIM To examine the role of ferroptosis in diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with high glucose (HG), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and ferroptosis inhibitor, and then the cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ferroptosis-related marker protein were tested. To further determine whether the p53-xCT (the substrate-specific subunit of system Xc-)-glutathione (GSH) axis is involved in HG and IL-1β induced ferroptosis, HUVECs were transiently transfected with p53 small interfering ribonucleic acid or NC small interfering ribonucleic acid and then treated with HG and IL-1β. Cell viability, ROS, and ferroptosis-related marker protein were then assessed. In addition, we detected the xCT and p53 expression in the aorta of db/db mice.
RESULTS It was found that HG and IL-1β induced ferroptosis in HUVECs, as evidenced by the protective effect of the ferroptosis inhibitors, Deferoxamine and ferrostatin-1, resulting in increased lipid ROS and decreased cell viability. Mechanistically, activation of the p53-xCT-GSH axis induced by HG and IL-1β enhanced ferroptosis in HUVECs. In addition, a decrease in xCT and the presence of de-endothelialized areas were observed in the aortic endothelium of db/db mice.
CONCLUSION Ferroptosis is involved in endothelial dysfunction and p53-xCT-GSH axis activation plays a crucial role in endothelial cell ferroptosis and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Fei Luo
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Xia Li
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Han Qin
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gao-Liang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Yu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin-Qing Li
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Tong Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng-Chun Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
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Sauriasari R, Sekar AP, Aisyah N, Syahdi RR, Matsuura E. Sera Anti-P53 Antibody Provides New Information Which Explains the Link Between Diabetes and Cancer. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:325-331. [PMID: 32104029 PMCID: PMC7023868 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s213731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormalities in glucose metabolism in diabetic patients may lead to an increased risk of certain cancers. Epidemiological studies and meta-analysis have shown that factors such as gender, age, obesity, and insulin resistance are related to cancer incidence. The anti-p53 antibody is a known cancer marker due to tumor-associated p53 accumulation. Many studies have aimed to unravel the link between diabetes and cancer. Here, we aimed to elucidate the impact of diabetes on malignancies by analyzing anti-p53 antibody in sera of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted an observational study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 149 subjects comprised of 78 T2DM patients (32 with cancer risk and 46 subjects without cancer risk), 51 T2DM patients with cancer, and 20 healthy subjects as controls from multisites. The anti-p53 antibody was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while HbA1c was measured using the NGSP standardized method. RESULTS We observed an 8.3-fold (p<0.05) increase of anti-p53 antibody in the sera of T2DM patients and a 24-fold increase (p<0.001) in T2DM patients with cancer compared to healthy subjects. The anti-p53 antibodies significantly increased almost three times (p<0.05) in T2DM patients with cancer (0.72 U/mL±0.20) compared to T2DM patients (0.25 U/mL±0.05). Meanwhile, this antibody was almost undetectable in healthy subjects as a control group (0.03 U/mL±0.03). The anti-p53 antibody level was higher in T2DM with cancer risk patients. However, we did not find a significant difference for it in T2DM without cancer risk patients (0.19 U/mL±0.03) and T2DM with cancer risk patients (0.29 U/mL±0.08). Multivariate regression analysis showed that T2DM with cancer was the only one independent factor (beta=0.218, p=0.019) that could predict the increase of anti-p53 antibody, controlled by age, gender, BMI, DM duration, and HbA1c. CONCLUSION Our results showed that anti-p53 antibody almost not detected in healthy subjects, but 8.3-fold increase in the sera of T2DM patients and 24-fold increase in T2DM patients with cancer. Therefore, this biomarker provides new information which explains the link between diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Sauriasari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
- Correspondence: Rani Sauriasari Gedung A Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan, Jalan Prof. Dr. Sudjono D Pusponegoro, Kampus UI, Depok, Jawa Barat16424, IndonesiaTel +62-21-7270031 Email
| | | | - Nurul Aisyah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | | | - Eiji Matsuura
- Neutron Therapy Research Center, Collaborative Research Center for OMIC & Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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7
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Morresi C, Cianfruglia L, Sartini D, Cecati M, Fumarola S, Emanuelli M, Armeni T, Ferretti G, Bacchetti T. Effect of High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress on Paraoxonase 2 Expression and Activity in Caco-2 Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121616. [PMID: 31835890 PMCID: PMC6953021 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Hyperglycemia leads to several biochemical and physiological consequences, such as the generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are involved in the development of several human diseases. Intestinal cells are continuously exposed to pro-oxidants and lipid peroxidation products from ingested foods, and also to glyco-oxidative damage. It has been reported that free radical generation may be linked to the development of inflammation-related gastrointestinal diseases. (2) Methods: The effects of high glucose (HG) treatment (50 mM) were assessed in terms of free radical production, lipid peroxidation, and AGEs formation. Furthermore, the expression and the antiapoptotic and antioxidant activity of the paraoxonase-2 (PON2) enzyme in intestinal cells has been investigated. (3) Results: Caco-2 cells treated with media supplied with high glucose (HG) (50 mM) showed, with respect to physiological glucose concentration (25 mM), an increase in ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and AGEs formation. Moreover, a lower PON2 expression and activity in HG-treated cells was related to activation of the apoptotic pathways. (4) Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that high glucose concentrations triggered glyco-oxidative stress in intestinal cells; the downregulation of PON2 could result in a higher oxidative stress and might contribute to intestinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Morresi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (C.M.); (M.C.); (T.B.)
| | - Laura Cianfruglia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (L.C.); (D.S.); (S.F.); (M.E.)
| | - Davide Sartini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (L.C.); (D.S.); (S.F.); (M.E.)
| | - Monia Cecati
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (C.M.); (M.C.); (T.B.)
| | - Stefania Fumarola
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (L.C.); (D.S.); (S.F.); (M.E.)
| | - Monica Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (L.C.); (D.S.); (S.F.); (M.E.)
| | - Tatiana Armeni
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (L.C.); (D.S.); (S.F.); (M.E.)
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (G.F.); Tel.: +39-07-1220-4376 (T.A.); +39-07-1220-4968 (G.F.)
| | - Gianna Ferretti
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (L.C.); (D.S.); (S.F.); (M.E.)
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (G.F.); Tel.: +39-07-1220-4376 (T.A.); +39-07-1220-4968 (G.F.)
| | - Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (C.M.); (M.C.); (T.B.)
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8
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Kang BB, Chiang BH. Amelioration of insulin resistance using the additive effect of ferulic acid and resveratrol on vesicle trafficking for skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. Phytother Res 2019; 34:808-816. [PMID: 31802562 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of vesicle trafficking in muscle is one of the factors responsible for the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (IR). Ferulic acid (FER) and resveratrol (RSV) are known to have hypoglycemic property. In this study, differentiated L6 myotubes were induced with palmitate as a model of IR. Chemical ablation of muscle vesicles was used to investigate how FER and RSV influence glucose utilization. Results showed that both FER and RSV elicit glucose uptake and promote glycogen synthesis in insulin-resistant muscle cells. Mechanistic studies further showed that FER markedly enhances the transferrin receptor-containing endosomal compartment activities via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/atypical protein kinase C-dependent pathway, while RSV facilitates glucose transporter storage vesicles (GSV) trafficking via an exercise-like effect of conventional protein kinase C/5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) modulation. Therefore, these two phenolic compounds promoted glucose transport through two separate routes, and they had an additive effect on the increase of glucose uptake in insulin-resistant muscle cells. These findings provide a basis for the understanding of the antidiabetic potential of RSV and FER combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bean-Bu Kang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Research Institute of Liquor and Biotechnology, Taiwan Liquor Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Been-Huang Chiang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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9
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Pillai SS, Mini S. Attenuation of high glucose induced apoptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways in RIN-m5F pancreatic β cell lines by Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. petals and its phytoconstituents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 227:8-17. [PMID: 30120944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hibiscus rosa sinensis petals possess wide range of pharmacological properties, with remarkable nutritional values. Diabetes is one of the most devastating diseases affecting the world today. A few side effects associated with the use of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents prompted us to search new bioactive principles from antidiabetic plants used in traditional medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY The anti-diabetic therapeutic potential of the flavonoids rich ethyl acetate fraction of Hibiscus rosa sinensis petals (EHRS) was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS High glucose (25 mM) induced apoptotic model of diabetes in RIN-m5F pancreatic β-cells was used for the study. RESULTS EHRS elevated the release of insulin in pancreatic cells and modulated apoptotic signaling cascades. It significantly reduced NF-κB nuclear translocation, thereby down-regulated the expressions of major inflammatory cytokines and up-regulated expressions of pancreatic β-cell functional genes such as, foxO-1, Ucn-3, Pdx-1, MafA and Nkx6.1. On comparison with its constituent phytochemicals, superior protective effect shown by EHRS may be due to the additive action of these phytoconstituents. CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study suggest hibiscus petals as a natural source and functional food of potential therapeutics to protect pancreatic β-cells in experimental diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha S Pillai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India.
| | - S Mini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India.
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10
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Espejel-Nava JA, Vega-Avila E, Alarcon-Aguilar F, Contreras-Ramos A, Díaz-Rosas G, Trejo-Aguilar G, Ortega-Camarillo C. A Phenolic Fraction from Catharanthus roseus L. Stems Decreases Glycemia and Stimulates Insulin Secretion. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:7191035. [PMID: 30534178 PMCID: PMC6252199 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7191035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. (C. roseus) is a medicinal plant used traditionally for diabetes mellitus control. Several compounds of an alkaloidal nature have been proposed as hypoglycemic principles. However, little attention has been paid to other compounds in this plant that could also participate in this hypoglycemic activity. This study aimed to analyze the hypoglycemic effect of a polyphenolic fraction from C. roseus, as well as its action on insulin secretion and expression in RINm5F cells. Methods. An alkaloid-free aqueous extract was obtained from C. roseus stems. The hypoglycemic effect of different doses of this extract was evaluated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. This extract was fractionated by bipartition, and the resultant fractions were assessed by their hypoglycemic effects. Subsequently, the fraction with the greater hypoglycemic activity was added to the RINm5F cells, and the expression and secretion of insulin were analyzed. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method and through chromatographic analysis of the most active fraction by HPLC, using an Econosphere C18 column. Results. The aqueous alkaloid-free extract of C. roseus stems significantly reduced blood glucose in normal and diabetic mice. The fractionation of this extract provided three fractions, one of which (a precipitate) showed significant reductions in glycemia at 6 h (48.1 and 64.5% in normal and diabetic mice, respectively). This precipitate contained phenolic compounds and saponins. Its chromatographic analysis showed that it is formed by several phenolic compounds; gallic acid (0.053%) and chlorogenic acid (0.216%) were identified and quantified. Conclusion. The phenolic fraction of C. roseus containing gallic acid and chlorogenic acid had a hypoglycemic effect that may be explained by an increase in insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Alejandra Espejel-Nava
- Posgraduate Program in Experimental Biology, DCBS, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, CP 09340, Del. Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Elisa Vega-Avila
- Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, CP 09340, Del. Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Francisco Alarcon-Aguilar
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences. Autonomous Metropolitan University, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, CP 09340, Del. Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Contreras-Ramos
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology Research and Experimental Teratogenicity, Children Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez (HIMFG). Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col. Doctores, CP 06720, Delegación: Cuauhtémoc, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Díaz-Rosas
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology Research and Experimental Teratogenicity, Children Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez (HIMFG). Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col. Doctores, CP 06720, Delegación: Cuauhtémoc, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Gloria Trejo-Aguilar
- Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, CP 09340, Del. Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Clara Ortega-Camarillo
- Medical Research Unit in Biochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtémoc, CP 06720, CDMX, Mexico
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11
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Li L, Tan H, Yang H, Li F, He X, Gu Z, Zhao M, Su L. Reactive oxygen species mediate heat stress-induced apoptosis via ERK dephosphorylation and Bcl-2 ubiquitination in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12902-12916. [PMID: 28038454 PMCID: PMC5355065 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress can induce the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in HUVEC cells, indicating that apoptosis may be a prominent pathological feature of heat stroke, however, little is known about the precise mechani sms involved in it. In this study, we describe the apoptotic effect of intense heat stress on HUVEC cells and our investigation of its underlying mechanisms. Treatment of cells with intense heat stress induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a concomitant increase in activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, by over-expression of MnSOD and GPx in cells, we show that ROS, and especially superoxide, is the primary oxidative species induced by intense heat stress and responsible for cell death. In addition, we explored the mechanism by which superoxide regulates the apoptotic effect of intense heat stress, and found that it involved Bcl-2 down-regulation through ubiquitin - proteasomal degradation. Superoxide production also led to Bcl-2 dephosphorylation through inactivation of MAP kinase ERK1/2, which promoted Bcl-2 ubiquitination. Taken together, these findings describe a novel pathway downstream of heat stress-induced apoptosis in HUVEC cells, and provide new insight into the process of redox-mediated down-regulation of Bcl-2 and apoptosis induction. These results could be important in the understanding of pathogenesis of heat stroke and for the development of preventive and treatment measures, both of which are currently lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Hongping Tan
- Department of Epilepsy Surgery, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, P.R. China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xuan He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhengtao Gu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Lei Su
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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12
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Wu Y, Lee S, Bobadilla S, Duan SZ, Liu X. High glucose-induced p53 phosphorylation contributes to impairment of endothelial antioxidant system. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2355-2362. [PMID: 28673515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High levels of glucose (HG) induce reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative stress in endothelial cells (ECs), which leads to endothelial dysfunction and tissue damage. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in HG-induced endothelial oxidative stress and damage remain elusive. Here we show that cellular ATP level-modulated p53 Thr55 phosphorylation plays a critical role in the process. Upon HG exposure, the elevated ATP levels induced the kinase activity of TAF1 (TBP-associated factor 1), which leads to p53 Thr55 phosphorylation. The phosphorylation dissociates p53 from the glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) promoter and results in reduction of GPX1 expression. Inhibition of TAF1-mediated p53 Thr55 phosphorylation abolished those events, supporting the role of TAF1 in sensing cellular ATP elevation and in regulating GPX1 expression under the HG condition. Importantly, treating cells with HG increased intracellular H2O2 and cell apoptosis, as well as suppressed nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and tube network formation. These effects were also remarkably reversed by inhibition of TAF1 and p53 Thr55 phosphorylation. We conclude that HG leads to endothelial dysfunction via TAF1-mediated p53 Thr55 phosphorylation and subsequent GPX1 inactivation. Our study thus revealed a novel mechanism by which HG induces endothelial oxidative stress and damage and possibly provided an avenue for targeted therapy for diabetes-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Selene Bobadilla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Sheng Zhong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
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13
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Strycharz J, Drzewoski J, Szemraj J, Sliwinska A. Is p53 Involved in Tissue-Specific Insulin Resistance Formation? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9270549. [PMID: 28194257 PMCID: PMC5282448 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9270549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
p53 constitutes an extremely versatile molecule, primarily involved in sensing the variety of cellular stresses. Functional p53 utilizes a plethora of mechanisms to protect cell from deleterious repercussions of genotoxic insults, where senescence deserves special attention. While the impressive amount of p53 roles has been perceived solely by the prism of antioncogenic effect, its presence seems to be vastly connected with metabolic abnormalities underlain by cellular aging, obesity, and inflammation. p53 has been found to regulate multiple biochemical processes such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, lipolysis, lipogenesis, β-oxidation, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen synthesis. Notably, p53-mediated metabolic effects are totally up to results of insulin action. Accumulating amount of data identifies p53 to be a factor activated upon hyperglycemia or excessive calorie intake, thus contributing to low-grade chronic inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. Prominent signs of its actions have been observed in muscles, liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue being associated with attenuation of insulin signalling. p53 is of crucial importance for the regulation of white and brown adipogenesis simultaneously being a repressor for preadipocyte differentiation. This review provides a profound insight into p53-dependent metabolic actions directed towards promotion of insulin resistance as well as presenting experimental data regarding obesity-induced p53-mediated metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Strycharz
- Diabetes Student Scientific Society at the Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jozef Drzewoski
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sliwinska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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14
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Miranda-Perez ME, Ortega-Camarillo C, Del Carmen Escobar-Villanueva M, Blancas-Flores G, Alarcon-Aguilar FJ. Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché increases insulin secretion in RINm5F cells through an influx of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 188:159-166. [PMID: 27174079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché(C. ficifolia) is a plant used in Mexican traditional medicine to control type 2 diabetes (T2D). The hypoglycemic effect of the fruit of C. ficifolia has been demonstrated in different experimental models and in T2D patients. It has been proposed that D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is the active compound of the fruit. Additionally, it has been reported that C. ficifolia increases the mRNA expression of insulin and Kir 6.2 (a component of the ATP-sensitive potassium (K(+)ATP) channel, which is activated by sulphonylurea) in RINm5F cells. However, it remains unclear whether C. ficifolia and DCI causes the secretion of insulin by increasing the concentration of intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) through K(+)ATP channel blockage or from the reservoir in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). MATERIAL AND METHODS The aqueous extract of C. ficifolia was obtained and standardized with regard to its DCI content. RINm5F pancreatic β-cells were incubated with different concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 400μM) of DCI alone or C. ficifolia (9, 18, 36 and 72µg of extract/mL), and the [Ca(2+)]i of the cells was quantified. The cells were preloaded with the Ca(2+) fluorescent dye fluo4-acetoxymethyl ester (AM) and visualized by confocal microscopy. Insulin secretion was measured by an ELISA method. Subsequently, the effect of C. ficifolia on the K(+)ATP channel was evaluated. In this case, the blocker activator diazoxide was used to inhibit the C. ficifolia-induced calcium influx. In addition, the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-receptor-selective inhibitor 2-amino-thoxydiphenylborate (2-APB) was used to inhibit the influx of calcium from the ER that was induced by C. ficifolia. RESULTS It was found that DCI alone did not increase [Ca(2+)]i or insulin secretion. In contrast, treatment with C. ficifolia increased [Ca(2+)]i 10-fold compared with the control group. Insulin secretion increased by 46.9%. In the presence of diazoxide, C. ficifolia decreased [Ca(2+)]i by 50%, while insulin secretion increased by 36.4%. In contrast, in the presence of 2-APB, C. ficifolia increased [Ca(2+)]i 18-fold, while insulin secretion remained constant, indicating an additive effect. Therefore, C. ficifolia was not found to block the K(+)ATP channel. However, it did exert an effect by increasing [Ca(2+)]i from the ER, which may partly explain the insulin secretion observed following treatment with C. ficifolia. CONCLUSIONS The hypoglycemic properties of C. ficifolia can be explained in part by its effect as a secretagogue for insulin through an increase in [Ca(2+)]i from the calcium reservoir in the ER. Therefore, the mechanism of action of C. ficifolia is different to those of the currently used hypoglycemic drugs, such as sulfonylureas. These results support that C. ficifolia may be a potential natural resource for new agents to control T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elizabeth Miranda-Perez
- Division de Ciencia Biologicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Clara Ortega-Camarillo
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, HE, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI. IMSS, Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtemoc, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | | | - Gerardo Blancas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, UAM-I, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Javier Alarcon-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, UAM-I, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
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15
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Role of MnSOD in propofol protection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells injured by heat stress. J Anesth 2016; 30:410-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-015-2129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Park JH, Cho KI, Nam H, Choe NH, Suh JG. Anti-apoptotic effects of silk fibroin hydrolysate in RIN5F cell on high glucose condition. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2015.1042045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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17
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Heat stress induced apoptosis is triggered by transcription-independent p53, Ca(2+) dyshomeostasis and the subsequent Bax mitochondrial translocation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11497. [PMID: 26105784 PMCID: PMC4478470 DOI: 10.1038/srep11497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, We demonstrated that Bax mitochondrial translocation plays a vital role in the initiation of the mitochondrial signaling pathway upon activation by heat stress. In addition, both p53 mitochondrial translocation and Ca2+ signal mediated MPTP opening activate Bax mitochondrial translocation. Employing pifithrin-α (a p53 mitochondrial translocation inhibitor) and CsA (a permeability transition pore (MPTP) inhibitor), we found that heat stress induced Bax mitochondrial translocation was significantly inhibited in cells pretreated with both PFT and CsA. Furthermore, we demonstrated that generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a critical mediator in heat stress induced apoptosis and that the antioxidant MnTBAP significantly decreased heat stress induced p53 mitochondrial translocation and Ca2+ signal mediated MPTP opening, as well as the subsequent Bax mitochondrial translocation and activation of the caspase cascade. Taken together, our results indicate that heat stress induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway with ROS dependent mitochondrial p53 translocation and Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, and the ensuing intro Bax mitochondrial translocation as the upstream events involved in triggering the apoptotic process observed upon cellular exposure to heat stress.
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18
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Raúl BG, Antonio FLL, Arturo BGL, Miguel C, Rebeca GM, Alejandro ÁR, Alejandra CR, Margarita DF, Clara OC. Hyperglycemia promotes p53-Mdm2 interaction but reduces p53 ubiquitination in RINm5F cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 405:257-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Park TH, Anand A. Management of diabetic foot: Brief synopsis for busy orthopedist. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2015; 6:24-9. [PMID: 26549948 PMCID: PMC4551462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
According to available medical reports, over 10% of diabetic patients will develop foot ulcers during their lifetimes. This condition still remains great challenges to many clinicians. Various mechanisms may explain treatment-resistant entity. Treatment varies widely, relying on the severity of the ulceration as well as the presence of infection or ischemia. However, the most important things to keep in mind should consist of the following: 1) appropriate debridement; 2) off-loading of pressure; 3) effective control of infection; 4) local wound care strategy; 5) timely reconstructive surgery. The ideal flap for diabetic foot reconstruction should provide a well-vascularized tissue to control infection, adequate contour for footwear, durability, and solid anchorage to resist shearing forces. A thorough assessment of patient's general condition and voluntary motivation of the patient should be warranted to prevent any sort of postoperative recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hwan Park
- Buleun Health Care Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashish Anand
- Staff Orthopaedic Surgeon, VAMC, Jackson, MS, USA,Corresponding author.
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20
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Haber A, Gross Z. Catalytic antioxidant therapy by metallodrugs: lessons from metallocorroles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5812-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a perspective on the utility of metal-based catalytic antioxidants for disease prevention or treatment, with focus on their mode of action and its dependence (DCA) or independence (ICA) on the involvement of cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Haber
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Technion City
- Israel
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Technion City
- Israel
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21
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Heat stress induces apoptosis through a Ca²⁺-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111083. [PMID: 25549352 PMCID: PMC4280109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heat stress can be acutely cytotoxic, and heat stress-induced apoptosis is a prominent pathological feature of heat-related illnesses, although the precise mechanisms by which heat stress triggers apoptosis are poorly defined. Methods The percentages of viability and cell death were assessed by WST-1 and LDH release assays. Apoptosis was assayed by DNA fragmentation and caspase activity. Expression of cleaved PARP, Apaf-1, phospho-PERK, Phospho-eIF2a, ATF4, XBP-1s, ATF6, GRP78, phospho-IP3R, RYR and SERCA was estimated by Western blot. The effect of calcium overload was determined using flow cytometric analysis with the fluorescent probe Fluo-3/AM. The generation of ROS (O2−, H2O2, NO) was labeled by confocal laser scanning microscopy images of fluorescently and flow cytometry. Results In this study, we found that heat stress in HUVEC cells activated initiators of three major unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling transduction pathways: PERK-eIF2a-ATF4, IRE1-XBP-1S and ATF6 to protect against ER stress, although activation declined over time following cessation of heat stress. Furthermore, we show that intense heat stress may induce apoptosis in HUVEC cells through the calcium-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, as indicated by elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+, expression of Apaf-1, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, PARP cleavage, and ultimately nucleosomal DNA fragmentation; Reactive oxygen species (ROS) appear to act upstream in this process. In addition, we provide evidence that IP3R upregulation may promote influx of Ca2+ into the cytoplasm after heat stress. Conclusion Our findings describe a novel mechanism for heat stress-induced apoptosis in HUVEC cells: following elevation of cytoplasm Ca2+, activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via the IP3R upregulation, with ROS acting as an upstream regulator of the process.
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Chen X, Cui Z, Wei S, Hou J, Xie Z, Peng X, Li J, Cai T, Hang H, Yang F. Chronic high glucose induced INS-1β cell mitochondrial dysfunction: a comparative mitochondrial proteome with SILAC. Proteomics 2014; 13:3030-9. [PMID: 23956156 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of pancreatic β cell is triggered and promoted by the metabolic messengers derived from mitochondria, mitochondria take a central stage in the normal function of β cells. β cells in diabetics were chronically exposed to hyperglycemia stimulation, which have been reported to exert deleterious effects on β-cell mitochondria. However, the mechanism of the toxic effects of hyperglycemia on β-cell mitochondria was not clear. In this study, we characterized the biological functional changes of rat INS-1β cells and their mitochondria with chronic exposure to hyperglycemia and created a research model of chronic hyperglycemia-induced dysfunctional β cells with damaged mitochondria. Then, SILAC-based quantitative proteomic approach was used to compare the mitochondrial protein expression from high glucose treated INS-1β cells and control cells. The expression of some mitochondrial proteins was found with significant changes. Functional classification revealed most of these proteins were related with oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial protein biosynthesis, substances metabolism, transport, and cell death. These results presented some useful information about the effect of glucotoxicity on the β-cell mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Chen
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Gu ZT, Wang H, Li L, Liu YS, Deng XB, Huo SF, Yuan FF, Liu ZF, Tong HS, Su L. Heat stress induces apoptosis through transcription-independent p53-mediated mitochondrial pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cell. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4469. [PMID: 24667845 PMCID: PMC3966036 DOI: 10.1038/srep04469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells apoptosis induced by intense heat stress is the prominent feature of heat-related illness. However, little is known about the biological effects of heat stress on cells apoptosis. Herein, we presented evidence that intense heat stress could induce early apoptosis of HUVEC cells through activating mitochondrial pathway with changes in mitochondrial membrane potential(ΔΨm), release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-9 and -3. We further revealed that p53 played a crucial role in heat stress-induced early apoptosis, with p53 protein rapidly translocated into mitochondria. Using pifithrin-α(PFT), a p53's mitochondrial translocation inhibitor, we found that pretreated with PFT, heat stress induced mitochondrial p53 translocation was significantly suppressed, accompanied by a significant alleviation in the loss of ΔΨm, cytochrome c release and caspase-9 activation. Furthermore, we also found that generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was a critical mediator in heat stress-induced apoptosis. In addition, the antioxidant MnTMPyP significantly decreased the heat stress-induced p53's mitochondrial translocation, followed by the loss of ΔΨm, cytochrome c release, caspase-9 activation and heat stress-mediated apoptosis. Conclusively, these findings indicate the contribution of the transcription-independent mitochondrial p53 pathway to early apoptosis in HUVEC cells induced by oxidative stress in response to intense heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z T Gu
- 1] The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P R China [2] Department of intensive care unit, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Key Laboratory of Tropical Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Guangzhou, PR China [3]
| | - H Wang
- 1] Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China [2]
| | - L Li
- 1] The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P R China [2] Department of intensive care unit, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Key Laboratory of Tropical Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Guangzhou, PR China [3]
| | - Y S Liu
- Department of intensive care unit, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Key Laboratory of Tropical Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - X B Deng
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - S F Huo
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - F F Yuan
- 1] The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P R China [2] Department of intensive care unit, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Key Laboratory of Tropical Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Z F Liu
- Department of intensive care unit, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Key Laboratory of Tropical Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - H S Tong
- Department of intensive care unit, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Key Laboratory of Tropical Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - L Su
- Department of intensive care unit, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Key Laboratory of Tropical Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Guangzhou, PR China
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McCaughan JA, McKnight AJ, Maxwell AP. Genetics of new-onset diabetes after transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 25:1037-49. [PMID: 24309190 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013040383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
New-onset diabetes after transplantation is a common complication that reduces recipient survival. Research in renal transplant recipients has suggested that pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, as opposed to insulin resistance, may be the key pathologic process. In this study, clinical and genetic factors associated with new-onset diabetes after transplantation were identified in a white population. A joint analysis approach, with an initial genome-wide association study in a subset of cases followed by de novo genotyping in the complete case cohort, was implemented to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the development of new-onset diabetes after transplantation. Clinical variables associated with the development of diabetes after renal transplantation included older recipient age, female sex, and percentage weight gain within 12 months of transplantation. The genome-wide association study identified 26 SNPs associated with new-onset diabetes after transplantation; this association was validated for eight SNPs (rs10484821, rs7533125, rs2861484, rs11580170, rs2020902, rs1836882, rs198372, and rs4394754) by de novo genotyping. These associations remained significant after multivariate adjustment for clinical variables. Seven of these SNPs are associated with genes implicated in β-cell apoptosis. These results corroborate recent clinical evidence implicating β-cell dysfunction in the pathophysiology of new-onset diabetes after transplantation and support the pursuit of therapeutic strategies to protect β cells in the post-transplant period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A McCaughan
- Nephrology Research Group, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; and Regional Nephrology Unit, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Amy Jayne McKnight
- Nephrology Research Group, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; and
| | - Alexander P Maxwell
- Nephrology Research Group, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; and Regional Nephrology Unit, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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KIM YOUNGRAE, LEE JONGSEOK, LEE KIRIM, KIM YOUNGEON, BAEK NAMIN, HONG EOCKKEE. Effects of mulberry ethanol extracts on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in pancreatic β-cells. Int J Mol Med 2013; 33:128-34. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Flores-López LA, Díaz-Flores M, García-Macedo R, Ávalos-Rodríguez A, Vergara-Onofre M, Cruz M, Contreras-Ramos A, Konigsberg M, Ortega-Camarillo C. High glucose induces mitochondrial p53 phosphorylation by p38 MAPK in pancreatic RINm5F cells. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:4947-58. [PMID: 23657598 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell death in type 2 diabetes has been related to p53 subcellular localisation and phosphorylation. However, the mechanisms by which p53 is phosphorylated and its activation in response to oxidative stress remain poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate mitochondrial p53 phosphorylation, its subcellular localisation and its relationship with apoptotic induction in RINm5F cells cultured under high glucose conditions. Our results show that p53 phosphorylation in the mitochondrial fraction was greater at ser392 than at ser15. This increased phosphorylation correlated with an increase in reactive oxygen species, a decrease in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, a release of cytochrome c and an increase in the rate of apoptosis. We also observed a decline in ERK 1/2 phosphorylation over time, which is an indicator of cell proliferation. To identify the kinase responsible for phosphorylating p53, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation was analysed. We found that high glucose induced an increase in p38 MAPK phosphorylation in the mitochondria after 24-72 h. Moreover, the phosphorylation of p53 (ser392) by p38 MAPK in mitochondria was confirmed by colocalisation studies with confocal microscopy. The addition of a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) to the culture medium during high glucose treatment blocked p53 mobilisation to the mitochondria and phosphorylation; thus, the release of cytochrome c and the apoptosis rate in RINm5F cells decreased. These results suggest that mitochondrial p53 phosphorylation by p38 MAPK plays an important role in RINm5F cell death under high glucose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Flores-López
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, HE, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. IMSS., Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col Doctores, Del. Cuauhtémoc, México, DF, Mexico
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27
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Hecking M, Werzowa J, Haidinger M, Hörl WH, Pascual J, Budde K, Luan FL, Ojo A, de Vries APJ, Porrini E, Pacini G, Port FK, Sharif A, Säemann MD. Novel views on new-onset diabetes after transplantation: development, prevention and treatment. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28:550-66. [PMID: 23328712 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is associated with increased risk of allograft failure, cardiovascular disease and mortality, and therefore, jeopardizes the success of renal transplantation. Increased awareness of NODAT and the prediabetic states (impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, IGT) has fostered previous and present recommendations, based on the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Unfortunately, the idea that NODAT merely resembles T2DM is potentially misleading, because the opportunity to initiate adequate anti-hyperglycaemic treatment early after transplantation might be given away for 'tailored' immunosuppression in patients who have developed NODAT or carry personal risk factors. Risk factor-independent mechanisms, however, seem to render postoperative hyperglycaemia with subsequent development of overt or 'full-blown' NODAT, the unavoidable consequence of the transplant and immunosuppressive process itself, at least in many cases. A proof of the concept that timely preventive intervention with exogenous insulin against post-transplant hyperglycaemia may decrease NODAT was recently provided by a small clinical trial, which is awaiting confirmation from a multicentre study. However, because early insulin therapy aimed at beta-cell protection seems to contrast the currently recommended, stepwise approach of 'watchful waiting' prior to pancreatic decompensation, we here aim at reviewing recent concepts regarding the development, prevention and treatment of NODAT, some of which seem to challenge the traditional view on T2DM and NODAT. In summary, we suggest a novel, risk factor-independent management approach to NODAT, which includes glycaemic monitoring and anti-hyperglycaemic treatment in virtually everybody after transplantation. This approach has widespread implications for future research and is intended to tackle NODAT and also ultimately cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Hecking
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Isolation Stress Exposure and Consumption of Palatable Diet During the Prepubertal Period Leads to Cellular Changes in the Hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2012; 38:262-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Nordquist N, Luthman H, Pettersson U, Eriksson UJ. Linkage study of embryopathy-polygenic inheritance of diabetes-induced skeletal malformations in the rat. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 33:297-307. [PMID: 22227068 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We developed an inbred rat model of diabetic embryopathy, in which the offspring displays skeletal malformations (agnathia or micrognathia) when the mother is diabetic, and no malformations when she is not diabetic. Our aim was to find genes controlling the embryonic maldevelopment in a diabetic environment. We contrasted the fetal outcome in inbred Sprague-Dawley L rats (20% skeletal malformations in diabetic pregnancy) with that of inbred Wistar Furth rats (denotedW, no skeletal malformations in diabetic pregnancy). We used offspring from the backcross F(1)×L to probe for the genetic basis for malformation of the mandible in diabetic pregnancy. A set of 186 fetuses (93 affected, 93 unaffected) was subjected to a whole genome scan with 160 micro satellites. Analysis of genotype distribution indicated 7 loci on chromosome 4, 10 (3 loci), 14, 18, and 19 in the teratogenic process (and 14 other loci on 12 chromosomes with less strong association to the malformations), several of which contained genes implicated in other experimental studies of diabetic embryopathy. These candidate genes will be scrutinized in further experimentation. We conclude that the genetic involvement in rodent diabetic embryopathy is polygenic and predisposing for congenital malformations.
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Schmitt H, Lenzen S, Baltrusch S. Glucokinase mediates coupling of glycolysis to mitochondrial metabolism but not to beta cell damage at high glucose exposure levels. Diabetologia 2011; 54:1744-55. [PMID: 21484215 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Glucose is the main stimulus of insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. However, high glucose has also been considered to damage beta cells. In this study we examined, with special emphasis on the role of the glucose sensor enzyme glucokinase, whether elevated glucose metabolism evokes toxicity to beta cells. METHODS RINm5F-R-EYFP-GK cells, producing glucokinase in response to a synthetic inducer, and rat beta cells were incubated at different glucose concentrations. Glucokinase enzyme activity, insulin secretion, cell viability and mitochondrial metabolism were analysed. RESULTS Glucokinase production evoked a concentration-dependent increase in glucose-induced insulin secretion from RINm5F-R-EYFP-GK cells without reducing cell viability. Pre-culture at high glucose (30 mmol/l) in the absence of high concentrations of NEFA neither reduced viability nor significantly increased apoptosis in RINm5F-R-EYFP-GK cells and rat beta cells. The integrity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and mitochondrial dynamics, namely fusion and fission, were not impaired by high glucose pre-culture. As previously demonstrated in mouse beta cells, pre-culture at high glucose significantly decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential heterogeneity in RINm5F-R-EYFP-GK cells. Indeed, after starvation, in response to glucose, rat beta cells and RINm5F-R-EYFP-GK cells with glucokinase production pre-cultured for 48 h at high glucose showed the fastest increase in the mitochondrial membrane potential. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our experiments do not support the hypothesis that glucokinase and the glucose metabolism on its own act as a mediator of beta cell toxicity. By contrast, rather a beneficial effect on glucose-induced insulin secretion after glucokinase production was observed, based on an improved coupling of the glucose stimulus to the mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schmitt
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany
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31
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Schisano B, Tripathi G, McGee K, McTernan PG, Ceriello A. Glucose oscillations, more than constant high glucose, induce p53 activation and a metabolic memory in human endothelial cells. Diabetologia 2011; 54:1219-26. [PMID: 21287141 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Damage persists in HUVECs exposed to a constant high glucose concentration long after glucose normalisation, a phenomenon termed 'metabolic memory'. Evaluation of the effects of exposure of HUVECs to oscillating high glucose on the induction of markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage (phospho-γ-histone H2AX and PKCδ) and onset of metabolic memory, and the possible role of the tumour suppressor transcriptional factor p53 is of pivotal interest. METHODS HUVECs were incubated for 3 weeks in 5 or 25 mmol/l glucose or oscillating glucose (24 h in 5 mmol/l glucose followed by 24 h in 25 mmol/l glucose) or for 1 week in constant 5 mmol/l glucose after being exposed for 2 weeks to continuous 25 mmol/l high glucose or oscillating glucose. Transcriptional activity of p53 was also evaluated in the first 24 h after high glucose exposure. RESULTS High constant glucose upregulated phospho-γ-histone H2AX and protein kinase C (PKC)δ compared with control. Oscillating glucose was even more effective than both normal and constant high glucose. Both constant and oscillating glucose resulted in a memory effect, which was more pronounced in the oscillating condition. Transcriptional activity of p53 peaked 6 h after glucose exposure, showing a predicted oscillatory behaviour. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Exposure to oscillating glucose was more deleterious than constant high glucose and induced a metabolic memory after glucose normalisation. Hyperactivation of p53 during glucose oscillation might be due to the absence of consistent feedback inhibition during each glucose spike and might account for the worse outcome of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schisano
- Clinical Science Research Institute (CSRI), Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital-Walsgrave Campus, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
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Park JH, Nam Y, Park SY, Kim JK, Choe NH, Lee JY, Oh YS, Suh JG. Silk fibroin has a protective effect against high glucose induced apoptosis in HIT-T15 cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2010; 25:238-43. [PMID: 21812074 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
High glucose levels induce cell death in many cell types, including pancreatic β-cells. Although protective agents against glucotoxicity have been searched for extensively, so far none have been found. In this report, we tested silk fibroin (SF) as a candidate material for antiglucotoxicity in the pancreatic β-cell (HIT-T15 cell) line. Approximately 50% of cells were killed after treatment with 80 mg/mL glucose. This reduction of cell number was recovered by the addition of SF at 50 mg/mL. SF treatment also decreased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoreactivity. In addition, TUNEL assays demonstrated that SF protects against glucose-induced apoptosis of HIT-T15 cells, suggesting that SF might protect cells from cell death by lowering cellular ROS levels. SF also induced expression of the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene, and IGF-1 expression may be the cause of SF-induced protection against glucose toxicity. Taken together, these results suggest that SF could serve as a potential therapeutic agent to treat the hyperglycemia-induced death of pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hong Park
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea
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Nguyen PD, Tutela JP, Thanik VD, Knobel D, Allen RJ, Chang CC, Levine JP, Warren SM, Saadeh PB. Improved diabetic wound healing through topical silencing of p53 is associated with augmented vasculogenic mediators. Wound Repair Regen 2010; 18:553-9. [PMID: 20955346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2010.00638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by several poorly understood phenomena including dysfunctional wound healing and impaired vasculogenesis. p53, a master cell cycle regulator, is upregulated in diabetic wounds and has recently been shown to play a regulatory roles in vasculogenic pathways. We have previously described a novel method to topically silence target genes in a wound bed with small interfering (si)RNA. We hypothesized that silencing p53 results in improved diabetic wound healing and augmentation of vasculogenic mediators. Paired 4-mm stented wounds were created on diabetic db/db mice. Topically applied p53 siRNA, evenly distributed in an agarose matrix, was applied to wounds at postwound day 1 and 7 (matrix alone and nonsense siRNA served as controls). Animals were sacrificed at postwound days 10 and 24. Wound time to closure was photometrically assessed, and wounds were harvested for histology, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Vasculogenic cytokine expression was evaluated via Western blot, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ANOVA/t-test was used to determine significance (p≤ 0.05). Local p53 silencing resulted in faster wound healing with wound closure at 18±1.3 d in the treated group vs. 28±1.0 d in controls. The treated group demonstrated improved wound architecture at each time point while demonstrating near-complete local p53 knockdown. Moreover, treated wounds showed a 1.92-fold increase in CD31 endothelial cell staining over controls. Western blot analysis confirmed near-complete p53 knockdown in treated wounds. At day 10, VEGF secretion (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was significantly increased in treated wounds (109.3±13.9 pg/mL) vs. controls (33.0±3.8 pg/mL) while reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated a 1.86-fold increase in SDF-1 expression in treated wounds vs. controls. This profile was reversed after the treated wounds healed and before closure of controls (day 24). Augmented vasculogenic cytokine profile and endothelial cell markers are associated with improved diabetic wound healing in topical gene therapy with p53 siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong D Nguyen
- Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Jang JS, Lee JS, Lee JH, Kwon DS, Lee KE, Lee SY, Hong EK. Hispidin produced from Phellinus linteus protects pancreatic β-cells from damage by hydrogen peroxide. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:853-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-0607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Shen XH, Han YJ, Yang BC, Cui XS, Kim NH. Hyperglycemia reduces mitochondrial content and glucose transporter expression in mouse embryos developing in vitro. J Reprod Dev 2009; 55:534-41. [PMID: 19550108 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.20231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to examine the effects of high concentrations of glucose on mouse embryos developing in vitro by studying embryo viability, mitochondrial content and expression of glucose transporters. Addition of 55 mM glucose to the culture medium of two-cell stage embryos significantly reduced the formation of morulae and blastocysts, resulting in fewer cells in the blastocyst stage embryos and increased levels of apoptosis. Quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR analysis revealed that the expression levels of the pro-apoptotic genes Bax and Casp3 at the blastocyst stage were increased significantly by the addition of either 25 or 55 mM glucose to the culture medium. However, addition of 25 or 55 mM glucose to the culture medium did not change the copy numbers of the apoptosis-related miRNAs mmu-mir-15a, mmu-mir-16 and mmu-mir-21. MitoTracker Green fluorescence revealed a decrease in the mitochondrial mass. The expression levels of the mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes Cox1 and Cox2 decreased sharply with the addition of 25 or 55 mM glucose to the culture medium. Both transcripts and protein synthesis of the glucose transporters Glut1 and Glut3 were reduced in blastocysts cultured in the presence of either 25 or 55 mM glucose. These results suggest that hyperglycemia reduces both mitochondrial content and expression levels of glucose transporters in mouse embryos developing in vitro and that this may result in apoptosis in these embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hui Shen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
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NOX family NADPH oxidases in liver and in pancreatic islets: a role in the metabolic syndrome and diabetes? Biochem Soc Trans 2008; 36:920-9. [PMID: 18793162 DOI: 10.1042/bst0360920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and non-esterified ('free') fatty acid-associated metabolic disorders such as the metabolic syndrome and diabetes is increasing dramatically in most countries. Although the pathogenesis of these metabolic disorders is complex, there is emerging evidence that ROS (reactive oxygen species) are critically involved in the aberrant signalling and tissue damage observed in this context. Indeed, it is now widely accepted that ROS not only play an important role in physiology, but also contribute to cell and tissue dysfunction. Inappropriate ROS generation may contribute to tissue dysfunction in two ways: (i) dysregulation of redox-sensitive signalling pathways, and (ii) oxidative damage to biological structures (DNA, proteins, lipids, etc.). An important source of ROS is the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. Several NOX isoforms are expressed in the liver and pancreatic beta-cells. There is now evidence that inappropriate activation of NOX enzymes may damage the liver and pancreatic beta-cells. In the context of the metabolic syndrome, the emerging epidemic of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is thought to be NOX/ROS-dependent and of particular medical relevance. NOX/ROS-dependent beta-cell damage is thought to be involved in glucolipotoxicity and thereby leads to progression from the metabolic syndrome to Type 2 diabetes. Thus understanding the role of NOX enzymes in liver and beta-cell damage should lead to an increased understanding of pathomechanisms in the metabolic syndrome and diabetes and may identify useful targets for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes impairs the ability of tissue to respond adequately to ischemia. The underlying mechanisms contributing to this impaired response remain unknown. Because increases in apoptosis have been linked to a spectrum of diabetic complications, the authors examined whether programmed cell death is involved in the pathogenesis of poor diabetic tissue responses to ischemia. METHODS Analysis for apoptosis and levels of proaptotic protein, p53, were performed on streptozocin-induced diabetic mice and wild-type controls in a murine model of soft-tissue ischemia (n = 6). In vitro, chronic hyperglycemic culture conditions were used to test inducibility and reversibility of the diabetic phenotype. Small interfering RNA was used to assess the role of p53. RESULTS Ischemia-induced apoptosis and p53 levels were increased significantly in diabetic dermal fibroblasts both in vivo and in vitro. Chronic hyperglycemic culture was sufficient to induce the increased apoptotic phenotype, and this was not reversible with long-term normoglycemic conditions. Blocking p53 with small interfering RNA resulted in significant protection against ischemic apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that diabetes causes an increased apoptotic response to ischemia through a p53-mediated mechanism. This increase is not reversible by exposure to low-glucose conditions. This suggests that glycemic control alone will be unable to prevent tissue necrosis in diabetic patients and suggests novel therapeutic strategies for this condition.
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Derlacz RA, Sliwinska M, Piekutowska A, Winiarska K, Drozak J, Bryla J. Melatonin is more effective than taurine and 5-hydroxytryptophan against hyperglycemia-induced kidney-cortex tubules injury. J Pineal Res 2007; 42:203-9. [PMID: 17286753 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2006.00405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidative effects of melatonin (Mel), 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and taurine (TAU) on hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress was investigated in primary cultures of kidney-cortex tubule cells grown in metabolically and hormonally defined medium. In the presence of 30 mm glucose (hyperglycemic conditions), cell viability was decreased by about 35% in comparison with that estimated in the glucose-depleted medium probably as a result of induction of apoptosis, as concluded from: (i) chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation assays, (ii) a significant enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, (iii) 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) generation, (iv) an increased protein peroxidation and (v) a decline of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels leading to a disturbed glutathione redox state. The addition of 100 microm Mel to the hyperglycemic medium resulted in a twofold decrease in both 8-OHdG accumulation and protein peroxidation as well as restoration of the control intracellular ROS levels accompanied by a substantial increase in GSH/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio due to a decline in GSSG content. ROS elimination was also achieved in the presence of 1 mm TAU which diminished protein and DNA injuries by about 25% and 30%, respectively. On the contrary, the action of 100 microm 5-HTP on ROS level, 8-OHdG generation, protein peroxidation and GSH/GSSG ratio was negligible. Thus, in contrast to 5-HTP and TAU, Mel might be considered as beneficial for diabetes therapy, particularly in terms of reduction of hyperglycemia-induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal A Derlacz
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland
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