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Pérez-Aguilar B, Marquardt JU, Muñoz-Delgado E, López-Durán RM, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, Gomez-Quiroz LE, Gómez-Olivares JL. Changes in the Acetylcholinesterase Enzymatic Activity in Tumor Development and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4629. [PMID: 37760598 PMCID: PMC10526250 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase is a well-known protein because of the relevance of its enzymatic activity in the hydrolysis of acetylcholine in nerve transmission. In addition to the catalytic action, it exerts non-catalytic functions; one is associated with apoptosis, in which acetylcholinesterase could significantly impact the survival and aggressiveness observed in cancer. The participation of AChE as part of the apoptosome could explain the role in tumors, since a lower AChE content would increase cell survival due to poor apoptosome assembly. Likewise, the high Ach content caused by the reduction in enzymatic activity could induce cell survival mediated by the overactivation of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) that activate anti-apoptotic pathways. On the other hand, in tumors in which high enzymatic activity has been observed, AChE could be playing a different role in the aggressiveness of cancer; in this review, we propose that AChE could have a pro-inflammatory role, since the high enzyme content would cause a decrease in ACh, which has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, as discussed in this review. In this review, we analyze the changes that the enzyme could display in different tumors and consider the different levels of regulation that the acetylcholinesterase undergoes in the control of epigenetic changes in the mRNA expression and changes in the enzymatic activity and its molecular forms. We focused on explaining the relationship between acetylcholinesterase expression and its activity in the biology of various tumors. We present up-to-date knowledge regarding this fascinating enzyme that is positioned as a remarkable target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Pérez-Aguilar
- Area de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico; (B.P.-A.); (M.C.G.-R.)
- Department of Medicine I, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Jens U. Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
| | | | - Rosa María López-Durán
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico;
| | - María Concepción Gutiérrez-Ruiz
- Area de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico; (B.P.-A.); (M.C.G.-R.)
| | - Luis E. Gomez-Quiroz
- Area de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico; (B.P.-A.); (M.C.G.-R.)
| | - José Luis Gómez-Olivares
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico;
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Koval OM, Nguyen EK, Mittauer DJ, Ait-Aissa K, Chinchankar W, Qian L, Madesh M, Dai DF, Grumbach IM. The mitochondrial regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation in type 2 diabetes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.15.528765. [PMID: 36824758 PMCID: PMC9948984 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with a strongly increased risk for restenosis after angioplasty driven by proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Here, we sought to determine whether and how mitochondrial dysfunction in T2D drives VSMC proliferation with a focus on ROS and intracellular [Ca 2+ ] that both drive cell proliferation, occur in T2D and are regulated by mitochondrial activity. Methods Using a diet-induced mouse model of T2D, the inhibition of the mitochondrial Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase II (mtCaMKII), a regulator of Ca 2+ entry via the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter selectively in VSMCs, we performed in vivo phenotyping after mechanical injury and established the mechanisms of excessive proliferation in cultured VSMCs. Results In T2D, the inhibition of mtCaMKII reduced both neointima formation after mechanical injury and the proliferation of cultured VSMCs. VSMCs from T2D mice displayed accelerated proliferation, reduced mitochondrial Ca 2+ entry and membrane potential with elevated baseline [Ca 2+ ] cyto compared to cells from normoglycemic mice. Accelerated proliferation after PDGF treatment was driven by activation of Erk1/2 and its upstream regulators. Hyperactivation of Erk1/2 was Ca 2+ -dependent rather than mitochondrial ROS-driven Ca 2+ -dependent and included the activation of CaMKII in the cytosol. The inhibition of mtCaMKII exaggerated the Ca 2+ imbalance by lowering mitochondrial Ca 2+ entry and increasing baseline [Ca 2+ ] cyto , further enhancing baseline Erk1/2 activation. With inhibition of mtCaMKII, PDGF treatment had no additional effect on cell proliferation. Inhibition of activated CaMKII in the cytosol decreased excessive Erk1/2 activation and reduced VSMC proliferation. Conclusions Collectively, our results provide evidence for the molecular mechanisms of enhanced VSMC proliferation after mechanical injury by mitochondrial Ca 2+ entry in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha M. Koval
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City IA 52242, USA
| | - Emily K. Nguyen
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City IA 52242, USA
| | - Dylan J. Mittauer
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City IA 52242, USA
| | - Karima Ait-Aissa
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City IA 52242, USA
| | - William Chinchankar
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City IA 52242, USA
| | - Lan Qian
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City IA 52242, USA
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Dao-Fu Dai
- Division of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City IA 52242, USA
| | - Isabella M. Grumbach
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City IA 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City IA 52242, USA
- Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
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3
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Calaf GM. Breast carcinogenesis induced by organophosphorous pesticides. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 96:71-117. [PMID: 36858780 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major health threat to women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related death. The use of organophosphorous pesticides has increased in agricultural environments and urban settings, and there is evidence that estrogen may increase breast cancer risk in women. The mammary gland is an excellent model for examining its susceptibility to different carcinogenic agents due to its high cell proliferation capabilities associated with the topography of the mammary parenchyma and specific stages of gland development. Several experimental cellular models are presented here, in which the animals were exposed to chemical compounds such as pesticides, and endogenous substances such as estrogens that exert a significant effect on normal breast cell processes at different levels. Such models were developed by the effect of malathion, parathion, and eserine, influenced by estrogen demonstrating features of cancer initiation in vivo as tumor formation in rodents; and in vitro in the immortalized normal breast cell line MCF-10F, that when transformed showed signs of carcinogenesis such as increased cell proliferation, anchorage independence, invasive capabilities, modulation of receptors and genomic instability. The role of acetylcholine was also demonstrated in the MCF-10F, suggesting a role not only as a neurotransmitter but also with other functions, such as induction of cell proliferation, playing an important role in cancer. Of note, this is a unique experimental approach that identifies mechanistic signs that link organophosphorous pesticides with breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
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4
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Fu L, Zhao L, Liang M, Ran K, Fu J, Qiu H, Li F, Shu M. Identification of potential CAMKK2 inhibitors based on virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2022.2123945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Fu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meichen Liang
- Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Ran
- Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Fu
- Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Qiu
- Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mao Shu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Calaf GM, Crispin LA, Muñoz JP, Aguayo F, Bleak TC. Muscarinic Receptors Associated with Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092322. [PMID: 35565451 PMCID: PMC9100020 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recently, cancer research has described the presence of the cholinergic machinery, specifically muscarinic receptors, in a wide variety of cancers due to their activation and signaling pathways associated with tumor progression and metastasis, providing a wide overview of their contribution to different cancer formation and development for new antitumor targets. This review focused on determining the molecular signatures associated with muscarinic receptors in breast and other cancers and the need for pharmacological, molecular, biochemical, technological, and clinical approaches to improve new therapeutic targets. Abstract Cancer has been considered the pathology of the century and factors such as the environment may play an important etiological role. The ability of muscarinic agonists to stimulate growth and muscarinic receptor antagonists to inhibit tumor growth has been demonstrated for breast, melanoma, lung, gastric, colon, pancreatic, ovarian, prostate, and brain cancer. This work aimed to study the correlation between epidermal growth factor receptors and cholinergic muscarinic receptors, the survival differences adjusted by the stage clinical factor, and the association between gene expression and immune infiltration level in breast, lung, stomach, colon, liver, prostate, and glioblastoma human cancers. Thus, targeting cholinergic muscarinic receptors appears to be an attractive therapeutic alternative due to the complex signaling pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M. Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (L.A.C.); (J.P.M.); (T.C.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Leodan A. Crispin
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (L.A.C.); (J.P.M.); (T.C.B.)
| | - Juan P. Muñoz
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (L.A.C.); (J.P.M.); (T.C.B.)
| | - Francisco Aguayo
- Laboratorio de Oncovirología, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Tammy C. Bleak
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (L.A.C.); (J.P.M.); (T.C.B.)
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6
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Liu HM, Ma LL, Li C, Cao B, Jiang Y, Han L, Xu R, Lin J, Zhang D. The molecular mechanism of chronic stress affecting the occurrence and development of breast cancer and potential drug therapy. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101281. [PMID: 34875482 PMCID: PMC8652015 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the 2020 data released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the world's most newly diagnosed first-time cancer. Compared with patients with other types of cancer, those with breast cancer experience greater mental stress and more severe psychological impacts because of the life-threatening diagnosis, physical changes, treatment side effects, and family and social life dysfunctions. These usually manifest as anxiety, depression, nervousness, and insomnia, all of which elicit stress responses. Particularly under chronic stress, the continuous release of neurotransmitters from the neuroendocrine system can have a highly profound impact on the occurrence and prognosis of breast cancer. However, because of the complex mechanisms underlying chronic stress and the variability in individual tolerance, evidence of the role of chronic stress in the occurrence and evolution of breast cancer remains unclear. This article reviewed previous research on the correlation between chronic stress and the occurrence and development of breast cancer, particularly the molecular mechanism through which chronic stress promotes breast cancer via neurotransmitters secreted by the nervous system. We also review the progress in the development of potential drugs or blockers for the treatment of breast cancer by targeting the neuroendocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Le-le Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Bo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu 611137, China; National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yifang Jiang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Road Shierqiao, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Runchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Road Shierqiao, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu 611137, China.
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7
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Eduful B, O’Byrne SN, Temme L, Asquith CR, Liang Y, Picado A, Pilotte JR, Hossain MA, Wells CI, Zuercher WJ, Catta-Preta CMC, Zonzini Ramos P, Santiago AD, Couñago RM, Langendorf CG, Nay K, Oakhill JS, Pulliam TL, Lin C, Awad D, Willson TM, Frigo DE, Scott JW, Drewry DH. Hinge Binder Scaffold Hopping Identifies Potent Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase 2 (CAMKK2) Inhibitor Chemotypes. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10849-10877. [PMID: 34264658 PMCID: PMC8365604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CAMKK2 is a serine/threonine kinase and an activator of AMPK whose dysregulation is linked with multiple diseases. Unfortunately, STO-609, the tool inhibitor commonly used to probe CAMKK2 signaling, has limitations. To identify promising scaffolds as starting points for the development of high-quality CAMKK2 chemical probes, we utilized a hinge-binding scaffold hopping strategy to design new CAMKK2 inhibitors. Starting from the potent but promiscuous disubstituted 7-azaindole GSK650934, a total of 32 compounds, composed of single-ring, 5,6-, and 6,6-fused heteroaromatic cores, were synthesized. The compound set was specifically designed to probe interactions with the kinase hinge-binding residues. Compared to GSK650394 and STO-609, 13 compounds displayed similar or better CAMKK2 inhibitory potency in vitro, while compounds 13g and 45 had improved selectivity for CAMKK2 across the kinome. Our systematic survey of hinge-binding chemotypes identified several potent and selective inhibitors of CAMKK2 to serve as starting points for medicinal chemistry programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin
J. Eduful
- Structural
Genomics Consortium and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sean N. O’Byrne
- Structural
Genomics Consortium and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Louisa Temme
- Structural
Genomics Consortium and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christopher R.
M. Asquith
- Structural
Genomics Consortium and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yi Liang
- Structural
Genomics Consortium and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alfredo Picado
- Structural
Genomics Consortium and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joseph R. Pilotte
- Structural
Genomics Consortium and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mohammad Anwar Hossain
- Structural
Genomics Consortium and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Carrow I. Wells
- Structural
Genomics Consortium and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - William J. Zuercher
- Structural
Genomics Consortium and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Carolina M. C. Catta-Preta
- Centro
de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular
e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade
Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-875, Brazil
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução,
Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Priscila Zonzini Ramos
- Centro
de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular
e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade
Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-875, Brazil
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução,
Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-886, Brazil
| | - André de
S. Santiago
- Centro
de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular
e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade
Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-875, Brazil
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução,
Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Rafael M. Couñago
- Centro
de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular
e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade
Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-875, Brazil
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução,
Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Christopher G. Langendorf
- St
Vincent’s Institute and Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy 3065, Australia
| | - Kévin Nay
- St
Vincent’s Institute and Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy 3065, Australia
- Mary MacKillop
Institute for Health Research, Australian
Catholic University, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Jonathan S. Oakhill
- St
Vincent’s Institute and Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy 3065, Australia
- Mary MacKillop
Institute for Health Research, Australian
Catholic University, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Thomas L. Pulliam
- Department
of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of
Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
- Center
for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Department
of Biology and Biochemistry, University
of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
| | - Chenchu Lin
- Department
of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of
Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth
Graduate
School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Dominik Awad
- Department
of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of
Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth
Graduate
School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Timothy M. Willson
- Structural
Genomics Consortium and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Daniel E. Frigo
- Department
of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of
Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
- Center
for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Department
of Biology and Biochemistry, University
of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - John W. Scott
- St
Vincent’s Institute and Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy 3065, Australia
- Mary MacKillop
Institute for Health Research, Australian
Catholic University, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne 3000, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - David H. Drewry
- Structural
Genomics Consortium and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center,
UNC Eshelman School of
Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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8
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Calaf GM. Role of organophosphorous pesticides and acetylcholine in breast carcinogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:206-217. [PMID: 33766648 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Several studies have addressed the association between cancer in humans and agricultural pesticide exposure. Evidence indicates that exposure to organophosphorous pesticides such as parathion and malathion occurs as a result of occupational factors since they are extensively used to control insects. On the other hand, estrogens have been considered beneficial to the organism; however, epidemiological studies have pointed out an increased breast cancer risk in both humans and animals. Experimental female rat mammary gland cancer models were developed after exposure to parathion, malathion, eserine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and estrogen allowing the analysis of the signs of carcinogenicity as alteration of cell proliferation, receptor expression, genomic instability, and cell metabolism in vivo and in vitro. Thus, pesticides increased proliferative ducts followed by ductal carcinoma; and 17β-estradiol increased proliferative lobules followed by lobular carcinomas. The combination of both pesticides and either eserine or estrogen induced tumors with both types of structures followed by mammary gland tumors and metastasis to the lung and kidneys after 240 days of a 5-day treatment. Studies also showed that these pesticides and eserine decreased three to five times the acetylcholinesterase activity in the serum compared to controls whereas terminal end buds increased in number, being inhibited by atropine. Genomic instability was analyzed in such tissues (mp53, CYP1A2, c-myc, c-fos, ERα, M2R) and pesticides increased protein expression that was stimulated by estrogens but inhibited by atropine. Eserine also transformed the epithelium of the rat mammary gland in the presence of estrogen and increased the number of terminal end buds after treatment inducing mammary carcinomas. Then, enzymatic digestion of such structures gave rise to cells with increased DNA synthesis and induced anchorage independence. Thus, there were changes in the epithelium of the mammary gland influencing breast carcinogenesis. Furthermore, these substances and acetylcholine also showed the signs of carcinogenicity in vitro as cell proliferation, receptor expression (ERα, ErbB2, M2R), genomic instability (c-myc, mp53, ERα, M2R), and cell metabolism. A unique cellular model is also presented here based on the use of MCF-10 F, a non-tumorigenic cell line that represents a valuable clinically translatable experimental approach that identifies mechanistic links for pesticides and estrogen as suspect human carcinogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, 1000000, Chile; Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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9
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Functional Characterization of Cholinergic Receptors in Melanoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113141. [PMID: 33120929 PMCID: PMC7693616 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, the scientific community has come to terms with the importance of non-neural acetylcholine in light of its multiple biological and pathological functions within and outside the nervous system. Apart from its well-known physiological role both in the central and peripheral nervous systems, in the autonomic nervous system, and in the neuromuscular junction, the expression of the acetylcholine receptors has been detected in different peripheral organs. This evidence has contributed to highlight new roles for acetylcholine in various biological processes, (e.g., cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, migration, secretion). In addition, growing evidence in recent years has also demonstrated new roles for acetylcholine and its receptors in cancer, where they are involved in the modulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and epithelial mesenchymal transition. In this review, we describe the functional characterization of acetylcholine receptors in different tumor types, placing attention on melanoma. The latest set of data accessible through literature, albeit limited, highlights how cholinergic receptors both of muscarinic and nicotinic type can play a relevant role in the migratory processes of melanoma cells, suggesting their possible involvement in invasion and metastasis.
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O’Byrne SN, Scott JW, Pilotte JR, Santiago ADS, Langendorf CG, Oakhill JS, Eduful BJ, Couñago RM, Wells CI, Zuercher WJ, Willson TM, Drewry DH. In Depth Analysis of Kinase Cross Screening Data to Identify CAMKK2 Inhibitory Scaffolds. Molecules 2020; 25:E325. [PMID: 31941153 PMCID: PMC7024175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) activates CAMK1, CAMK4, AMPK, and AKT, leading to numerous physiological responses. The deregulation of CAMKK2 is linked to several diseases, suggesting the utility of CAMKK2 inhibitors for oncological, metabolic and inflammatory indications. In this work, we demonstrate that STO-609, frequently described as a selective inhibitor for CAMKK2, potently inhibits a significant number of other kinases. Through an analysis of literature and public databases, we have identified other potent CAMKK2 inhibitors and verified their activities in differential scanning fluorimetry and enzyme inhibition assays. These inhibitors are potential starting points for the development of selective CAMKK2 inhibitors and will lead to tools that delineate the roles of this kinase in disease biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean N. O’Byrne
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.N.O.); (J.R.P.); (B.J.E.); (C.I.W.); (W.J.Z.); (T.M.W.)
| | - John W. Scott
- St Vincent’s Institute and Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy 3065, Australia; (J.W.S.); (C.G.L.); (J.S.O.)
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne 3000, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Joseph R. Pilotte
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.N.O.); (J.R.P.); (B.J.E.); (C.I.W.); (W.J.Z.); (T.M.W.)
| | - André da S. Santiago
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas SP 13083-875, Brazil; (A.d.S.S.); (R.M.C.)
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas SP 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Christopher G. Langendorf
- St Vincent’s Institute and Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy 3065, Australia; (J.W.S.); (C.G.L.); (J.S.O.)
| | - Jonathan S. Oakhill
- St Vincent’s Institute and Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy 3065, Australia; (J.W.S.); (C.G.L.); (J.S.O.)
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Eduful
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.N.O.); (J.R.P.); (B.J.E.); (C.I.W.); (W.J.Z.); (T.M.W.)
| | - Rafael M. Couñago
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas SP 13083-875, Brazil; (A.d.S.S.); (R.M.C.)
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas SP 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Carrow I. Wells
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.N.O.); (J.R.P.); (B.J.E.); (C.I.W.); (W.J.Z.); (T.M.W.)
| | - William J. Zuercher
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.N.O.); (J.R.P.); (B.J.E.); (C.I.W.); (W.J.Z.); (T.M.W.)
| | - Timothy M. Willson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.N.O.); (J.R.P.); (B.J.E.); (C.I.W.); (W.J.Z.); (T.M.W.)
| | - David H. Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.N.O.); (J.R.P.); (B.J.E.); (C.I.W.); (W.J.Z.); (T.M.W.)
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Chen J, Cheuk IWY, Shin VY, Kwong A. Acetylcholine receptors: Key players in cancer development. Surg Oncol 2019; 31:46-53. [PMID: 31536927 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) was first identified as a classic neuromodulator and transmit signals through two subgroups of receptors, namely muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) and nicotinic receptors (nAChRs). Apart from its well-established physiological role in central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), autonomic nervous system and neuromuscular junction, the widely distributed expression of AChRs in different human organs suggests roles in other biological processes in addition to synaptic transmission. Accumulating evidence revealed that cancer cell processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and even epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are mediated by overexpression of AChRs in different kinds of tumors. In breast cancer, α7-nAChR and α9-nAChR were reported to be oncogenic. On the other hand, research on the role of mAChRs in breast cancer tumorgenesis is limited and confined to M3 receptor only. Since AChRs distributed in both CNS and PNS even non-neuronal tissues, there is an urgent need for the development of subtype-specific AChR antagonist which inhibits cancer cell progression with minimal intervention on the normal acetylcholine-regulated system within human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Ava Kwong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong; Centre of Cancer Genetics Centre, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong.
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12
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Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) enables survival of human malignant pleural mesothelioma cells in hypoxia. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2592. [PMID: 28151477 PMCID: PMC5386478 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor linked to environmental/occupational exposure to asbestos, characterized by the presence of significant areas of hypoxia. In this study, we firstly explored the expression and the role of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in MPM cell adaptation to hypoxia. We demonstrated that cells derived from biphasic MPM express the full-length TG2 variant at higher levels than cells derived from epithelioid MPM and normal mesothelium. We observed a significant induction of TG2 expression and activity when cells from biphasic MPM were grown as a monolayer in chronic hypoxia or packed in spheroids, where the presence of a hypoxic core was demonstrated. We described that the hypoxic induction of TG2 was HIF-2 dependent. Importantly, TGM2-v1 silencing caused a marked and significant reduction of MPM cell viability in hypoxic conditions when compared with normoxia. Notably, a TG2-selective irreversible inhibitor that reacts with the intracellular active form of TG2, but not a non-cell-permeable inhibitor, significantly compromised cell viability in MPM spheroids. Understanding the expression and function of TG2 in the adaptation to the hypoxic environment may provide useful information for novel promising therapeutic options for MPM treatment.
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13
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Wang X, Yu Z, Zhou Q, Wu X, Chen X, Li J, Zhu Z, Liu B, Su L. Tissue transglutaminase-2 promotes gastric cancer progression via the ERK1/2 pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7066-79. [PMID: 26771235 PMCID: PMC4872769 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide and involves extensive local tumor invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis. Understanding mechanisms regulating progression of GC is necessary for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Tissue transglutaminase-2 (TG2), a multifunctional member of the transglutaminase family, has been shown to be critical for tumor initiation and progression. However, how TG2 promotes the progression of GC is unknown. We report that TG2 was highly expressed in GC tissues and positively associated with depth of tumor invasion and late TNM stage. With gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we observed that TG2 promoted GC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as tumorigenesis and peritoneal metastasis in vivo. These events were associated with the ERK1/2 pathway activation and an ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion induced by overexpression of TG2. In summary, TG2 contributes to tumorigenesis and progression of GC by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and is a potential therapeutic target of metastatic gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjia Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongyan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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14
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Ha TT, Burwell ST, Goodwin ML, Noeker JA, Heggland SJ. Pleiotropic roles of Ca +2/calmodulin-dependent pathways in regulating cadmium-induced toxicity in human osteoblast-like cell lines. Toxicol Lett 2016; 260:18-27. [PMID: 27558804 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The heavy metal cadmium is a widespread environmental contaminant that has gained public attention due to the global increase in cadmium-containing electronic waste. Human exposure to cadmium is linked to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. We previously reported cadmium induces apoptosis and decreases alkaline phosphatase mRNA expression via extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) activation in Saos-2 bone-forming osteoblasts. This study examines the mechanisms of cadmium-induced osteotoxicity by investigating roles of Ca+2/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CAMK) pathways. Saos-2 or MG-63 cells were treated for 24 or 48h with 5μM CdCl2 alone or in combination with calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor CGS-9343β; calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase (CAMKK) inhibitor STO-609; or calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CAMKII) inhibitor KN-93. CGS-9343β protected against cadmium-induced toxicity and attenuated ERK activation; STO-609 enhanced toxicity and exacerbated ERK activation, whereas KN-93 had no detectable effect on cadmium-induced toxicity. Furthermore, CGS-9343β co-treatment attenuated cadmium-induced apoptosis; but CGS-9343β did not recover cadmium-induced decrease in ALP activity. The major findings suggest the calmodulin-dependent PDE pathway facilitates cadmium-induced ERK activation leading to apoptosis, whereas the CAMKK pathway plays a protective role against cadmium-induced osteotoxicity via ERK signaling. This research distinguishes itself by identifying pleiotropic roles for CAMK pathways in mediating cadmium's toxicity in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao T Ha
- Department of Biology, The College of Idaho, 2112 Cleveland Blvd, Caldwell, ID 83605, USA
| | - Shalimar T Burwell
- Department of Biology, The College of Idaho, 2112 Cleveland Blvd, Caldwell, ID 83605, USA
| | - Matthew L Goodwin
- Department of Biology, The College of Idaho, 2112 Cleveland Blvd, Caldwell, ID 83605, USA
| | - Jacob A Noeker
- Department of Biology, The College of Idaho, 2112 Cleveland Blvd, Caldwell, ID 83605, USA
| | - Sara J Heggland
- Department of Biology, The College of Idaho, 2112 Cleveland Blvd, Caldwell, ID 83605, USA.
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Intracellular NF-HEV/IL-33 harbors essential roles in Ras-induced cellular transformation by contributing to cyclin D1 protein synthesis. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1025-36. [PMID: 27155324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A member of the interleukin-1 family, interleukin-33 (NF-HEV/IL-33), is a ligand for the receptor, ST2L and stimulates the production of Th2 cytokines. Although IL-33 localizes to the nucleus and may be involved in the regulation of transcription independent of ST2L, its functions in the nucleus currently remain unclear. We herein demonstrated that the expression of IL-33 was markedly enhanced in NIH-3T3 cells transformed by an oncogenic H-Ras mutant (H-Ras (G12V)), and the induced IL-33 was mainly located in the nuclei of these cells. The enforced expression of IL-33 accelerated H-Ras (G12V)-induced transformation in NIH-3T3 cells, and this transforming activity was markedly reduced by the knockdown of IL-33 with shRNA. We subsequently analyzed several signaling molecules regulated by Ras in order to elucidate the mechanism by which IL-33 contributes to Ras (G12V)-induced transformation. We found that the knockdown of IL-33 effectively attenuated the Ras (G12V)-induced expression of cyclin D1. However, the knockdown of IL-33 failed to affect cyclin D1 mRNA expression levels, and epoxomicin, a proteasome inhibitor, did not cancel the IL-33 knockdown-induced down-regulation of its protein levels. We showed that Ras (G12V)-induced cyclin D1 protein synthesis was markedly suppressed by the knockdown of IL-33. Taken together, the results of the present study strongly suggest a novel role for IL-33 in cellular transformation.
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16
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Wu J, Chen XH, Wang XQ, Yu Y, Ren JM, Xiao Y, Zhou T, Li P, Xu CD. ERp19 contributes to tumorigenicity in human gastric cancer by promoting cell growth, migration and invasion. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11794-805. [PMID: 25940440 PMCID: PMC4494905 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ERp19, a mammalian thioredoxin-like protein, plays a key role in defense against endoplasmic reticulum stress. It belongs to the protein disulfide isomerize (PDI) family, whose members have been implicated in development of breast, ovarian and gastrointestinal cancers. However, the role of ERp19 in gastric cancer (GC) remains undefined. Therefore, we sought to investigate the expression and prognostic value of ERp19 in GC patients, and to explore the role of ERp19 in tumorigenicity. Expression of ERp19 in gastric tissues was assessed by immunohistochemical staining and real-time PCR in clinical samples of GC patients. Statistical analysis of clinical cases revealed that the expression levels of ERp19 were higher in tumor tissues than non-tumor tissues. And the level of ERp19 expression was correlated with tumor size, lymph node involvement and poor clinical prognosis. Furthermore, ERp19 knockdown dramatically suppressed gastric cancer cell growth, inhibited cellular migration/invasion and down-regulated the phosphorylation of FAK and paxillin, whereas ERp19 over-expression reversed these changes. We conclude that ERp19 contributes to tumorigenicity and metastasis of GC by activating the FAK signaling pathway, and may function as an oncogene in GC. ERp19 may represent a new diagnostic and prognostic marker and a novel target for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic
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Hagimori M, Murakami T, Shimizu K, Nishida M, Ohshima T, Mukai T. Synthesis of radioiodinated probes to evaluate the biodistribution of a potent TRPC3 inhibitor. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00023a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) channel is a member of the TRPC family that contributes to the entry of Ca2+through the plasma membrane or modulates the driving force for Ca2+entry channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kinue Shimizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 812-8582
- Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 812-8582
- Japan
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences)
| | - Takashi Ohshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 812-8582
- Japan
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18
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Zhang D, Qiu S, Wang Q, Zheng J. TMPRSS3 modulates ovarian cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:81-8. [PMID: 26531004 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of transmembrane protease, serine 3 (TMPRSS3) has been detected in ovarian cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of TMPRSS3 in ovarian cancer remain unclear. In the present study, we found that TMPRSS3 was significantly expressed in ovarian cancer cells. Overexpression of TMPRSS3 promoted the proliferation, invasion and migration of A2780 cells. Conversely, knockdown of TMPRSS3 in HO8910 cells inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration. Furthermore, TMPRSS3 affected the expression levels of E-cadherin, vimentin and Twist. In addition, TMPRSS3 induced activation of ERK1/2 in ovarian cancer cells, and the ERK1/2 pathway was required for the TMPRSS3-mediated proliferation, invasion and migration of ovarian cancer cells. Finally, knockdown of TMPRSS3 inhibited ovarian cancer HO8910 cell growth and metastasis in vivo. Collectively, the present study suggests that TMPRSS3 plays a crucial role in the development and progression of ovarian cancer. Therefore, TMPRSS3 represents a potential therapeutic target of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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The sequence Pro295-Thr311 of the hinge region of oestrogen receptor α is involved in ERK1/2 activation via GPR30 in leiomyoma cells. Biochem J 2015; 472:97-109. [PMID: 26371374 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ERα (oestrogen receptor α)-derived peptide ERα17p activates rapid signalling events in breast carcinoma cells under steroid-deprived conditions. In the present study, we investigated its effects in ELT3 leiomyoma cells under similar conditions. We show that it activates ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2), the Gαi protein, the trans-activation of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and, finally, cell proliferation. It is partially internalized in cells and induces membrane translocation of β-arrestins. The activation of ERK1/2 is abolished by the GPR30 (G-protein-coupled receptor 30) antagonist G15 and GPR30 siRNA. When ERα is down-regulated by prolonged treatment with E2 (oestradiol) or specific ERα siRNA, the peptide response is blunted. Thus the simultaneous presence of GPR30 and ERα is required for the action of ERα17p. In addition, its PLM sequence, which interferes with the formation of the ERα-calmodulin complex, appears to be requisite for the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and cell proliferation. Hence ERα17p is, to our knowledge, the first known peptide targeting ERα-GPR30 membrane cross-talk and the subsequent receptor-mediated biological effects.
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20
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Muscarinic receptor M3 mediates cell proliferation induced by acetylcholine and contributes to apoptosis in gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2105-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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21
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Mango Fruit Extracts Differentially Affect Proliferation and Intracellular Calcium Signalling in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/613268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of human cancer cell proliferation is a common approach in identifying plant extracts that have potential bioactive effects. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that methanolic extracts of peel and flesh from three archetypal mango cultivars, Irwin (IW), Nam Doc Mai (NDM), and Kensington Pride (KP), differentially affect proliferation, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity, and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]I) signalling in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Mango flesh extracts from all three cultivars did not inhibit cell growth, and of the peel extracts only NDM reduced MCF-7 cell proliferation. Mango cultivar peel and flesh extracts did not significantly change ERK phosphorylation compared to controls; however, some reduced relative maximal peak[Ca2+]Iafter adenosine triphosphate stimulation, with NDM peel extract having the greatest effect among the treatments. Our results identify mango interfruit and intrafruit (peel and flesh) extract variability in antiproliferative effects and[Ca2+]Isignalling in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and highlight that parts of the fruit (such as peel and flesh) and cultivar differences are important factors to consider when assessing potential chemopreventive bioactive compounds in plants extracts.
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22
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Viall AK, Goodall CP, Stang B, Marley K, Chappell PE, Bracha S. Antagonism of serotonin receptor 1B decreases viability and promotes apoptosis in the COS canine osteosarcoma cell line. Vet Comp Oncol 2014; 14:e31-44. [PMID: 24916076 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin receptor 1B (5HTR1B) traditionally exhibits anti-proliferative activity in osteoblasts. We examined the expression and function of 5HTR1B in the COS canine osteosarcoma cell line and normal canine osteoblasts. Equal levels of 5HTR1B gene and protein expression were found between normal and malignant osteoblasts. Treatment with serotonin enhanced viability of osteosarcoma cells but not normal osteoblasts. Challenge with the 5HTR1B agonist anpirtoline caused no change in cell viability. Rather incubation with the specific receptor antagonist SB224289 caused reduction in osteoblast viability, with this effect more substantial in osteosarcoma cells. Investigation of this inhibitory activity showed 5HTR1B antagonism induces apoptosis in malignant cells. Evaluation of phosphorylated levels of CREB and ERK, transcriptional regulators associated with serotonin receptor signalling in osteoblasts, revealed aberrant 5HTR1B signalling in COS. Our results confirm the presence of 5HTR1B in a canine osteosarcoma cell line and highlight this receptor as a possible novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Viall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - C P Goodall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - B Stang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - K Marley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - P E Chappell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - S Bracha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Laliotis A, Vrekoussis T, Kafousi M, Sanidas E, Askoxilakis J, Melissas J, Mavroudis D, Castanas E, Stathopoulos EN. Immunohistochemical study of pElk-1 expression in human breast cancer: association with breast cancer biologic profile and clinicopathologic features. Breast 2012; 22:89-95. [PMID: 23127278 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently an increased interest on Elk1 protein and its role in breast cancer evolution has been noted. This protein is an element of the Ets family of transcription factors and it has been involved in a number of important cell processes through the activation of different genes, in a number of normal tissues as well as in many malignancies. METHODS One hundred and seventy (n = 170) cases of operable breast cancer (invasive ductal, lobular and mixed type breast carcinomas) were randomly selected and investigated for the expression of pElk-1, Ki-67 and Cyclin D1 using immunohistochemistry. Our findings were correlated with tumors' clinicopathologic data and biologic profile. RESULTS Activated Elk1 is positively associated with ER (p-value: 0.018) and also shows a positive association of with Cyclin D1 (p-value: <0.001). No relationship was noted between pElk1 and Ki67 (p-value: 0.213). Luminal A and B Her-2 negative breast cancer subtypes were showing greater pElk-1 immunoreactivity compared to Her-2 and Basal breast cancer subtypes, and also a higher staining intensity. No association of the molecule with other clinicopathologic characteristics (tumor size, stage, histological type or lymph node metastases) or disease adverse events (local recurrence, metastasis or death) was evidenced. CONCLUSIONS Our findings offer a new perspective for the role of pElk-1 in breast neoplasia suggesting a direct relation of this molecule to tumor biology and a putative target of personalized breast cancer therapies, although its prognostic/discriminant role is not supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggelos Laliotis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
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Karacosta LG, Foster BA, Azabdaftari G, Feliciano DM, Edelman AM. A regulatory feedback loop between Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) and the androgen receptor in prostate cancer progression. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:24832-43. [PMID: 22654108 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.370783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in prostate cancer (PCa) progression, however, the molecular mechanisms by which the AR regulates cell proliferation in androgen-dependent and castration-resistant PCa are incompletely understood. We report that Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) expression increases and becomes nuclear or perinuclear in advanced PCa. In the TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate) model of PCa, CaMKK2 expression increases with PCa progression with many cells exhibiting nuclear staining. CaMKK2 expression is higher in human castration-resistant tumor xenografts compared with androgen-responsive xenografts and is markedly higher in the AR-expressing, tumorigenic cell line LNCaP compared with cell lines that are AR-nonexpressing and/or nontumorigenic. In LNCaP cells, dihydrotestosterone induced CaMKK2 mRNA and protein expression and translocation of CaMKK2 to the nucleus. Conversely, androgen withdrawal suppressed CaMKK2 expression. Knockdown of CaMKK2 expression by RNAi reduced LNCaP cell proliferation and increased percentages of cells in G(1) phase, whereas correspondingly reducing percentages in S phase, of the cell cycle. CaMKK2 knockdown reduced expression of the AR target gene prostate-specific antigen at both mRNA and protein levels, AR transcriptional activity driven by androgen responsive elements from the prostate-specific probasin gene promoter and levels of the AR-regulated cell cycle proteins, cyclin D1 and hyperphosphorylated Rb. Our results suggest that in PCa progression, CaMKK2 and the AR are in a feedback loop in which CaMKK2 is induced by the AR to maintain AR activity, AR-dependent cell cycle control, and continued cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukia G Karacosta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA
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Abstract
Many epithelial and endothelial cells express a cholinergic autocrine loop in which acetylcholine acts as a growth factor to stimulate cell growth. Cancers derived from these tissues similarly express a cholinergic autocrine loop and ACh secreted by the cancer or neighboring cells interacts with M3 muscarinic receptors expressed on the cancer cells to stimulate tumor growth. Primary proliferative pathways involve MAPK and Akt activation. The ability of muscarinic agonists to stimulate, and M3 antagonists to inhibit tumor growth has clearly been demonstrated for lung and colon cancer. The ability of muscarinic agonists to stimulate growth has been shown for melanoma, pancreatic, breast, ovarian, prostate and brain cancers, suggesting that M3 antagonists will also inhibit growth of these tumors as well. As yet no clinical trials have proven the efficacy of M3 antagonists as cancer therapeutics, though the widespread clinical use and low toxicity of M3 antagonists support the potential role of these drugs as adjuvants to current cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot R Spindel
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
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26
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Velasco-Velázquez MA, Li Z, Casimiro M, Loro E, Homsi N, Pestell RG. Examining the role of cyclin D1 in breast cancer. Future Oncol 2011; 7:753-65. [PMID: 21675838 DOI: 10.2217/fon.11.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 overexpression is found in more than 50% of human breast cancers and causes mammary cancer in transgenic mice. Dysregulation of cyclin D1 gene expression or function contributes to the loss of normal cell cycle control during tumorigenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that cyclin D1 conducts additional specific functions to regulate gene expression in the context of local chromatin, promote cellular migration and inhibit mitochondrial metabolism. It is anticipated that these additional functions contribute to the pathology associated with dysregulated cyclin D1 abundance. This article discusses evidence that examines the significance of cyclin D1 in breast cancer with emphasis on its role in breast cancer stem cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Velasco-Velázquez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo Postal 70-297, México DF, México
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Davare MA, Saneyoshi T, Soderling TR. Calmodulin-kinases regulate basal and estrogen stimulated medulloblastoma migration via Rac1. J Neurooncol 2010; 104:65-82. [PMID: 21107644 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-010-0472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a highly prevalent pediatric central nervous system malignancy originating in the cerebellum, with a strong propensity for metastatic migration to the leptomeninges, which greatly increases mortality. While numerous investigations are focused on the molecular mechanisms of medulloblastoma histogenesis, the signaling pathways regulating migration are still poorly understood. Medulloblastoma likely arises from aberrant proliferative signaling in cerebellar granule precursor cells during development, and estrogen is a morphogen that promotes medulloblastoma cell migration. It has been previously shown that the calcium/calmodulin activated kinase kinase (CaMKK) pathway promotes cerebellar granule precursor migration and differentiation during normal cerebellar development via CaMKIV. Here we investigate the regulatory role of the CaMKK pathway in migration of the human medulloblastoma DAOY and cerebellar granule cells. Using pharmacological inhibitors and dominant negative approaches, we demonstrate that the CaMKK/CaMKI cascade regulates basal medulloblastoma cell migration via Rac1, in part by activation of the RacGEF, βPIX. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of CaMKK blocks both the estrogen induced Rac1 activation and medulloblastoma migration. The CaMKK signaling module described here is one of the first reported calcium regulated pathways that modulates medulloblastoma migration. Since tumor dissemination requires cell migration to ectopic sites, this CaMKK pathway may be a putative therapeutic target to limit medulloblastoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Davare
- Vollum Institute and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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28
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Tong JS, Zhang QH, Wang ZB, Li S, Yang CR, Fu XQ, Hou Y, Wang ZY, Sheng J, Sun QY. ER-α36, a novel variant of ER-α, mediates estrogen-stimulated proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells via the PKCδ/ERK pathway. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15408. [PMID: 21079811 PMCID: PMC2973969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a variant of ER-α, ER-α36 was identified and cloned. ER-α36 lacks intrinsic transcription activity and mainly mediates non-genomic estrogen signaling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the function and the underlying mechanisms of ER-α36 in growth regulation of endometrial Ishikawa cancer cells. METHODS The cellular localization of ER-α36 and ER-α66 were determined by immunofluorescence in the Ishikawa cells. Ishikawa endometrial cancer control cells transfected with an empty expression vector, Ishikawa cells with shRNA knockdown of ER-α36 (Ishikawa/RNAiER36) and Ishikawa cells with shRNA knockdown of ER-α66 (Ishikawa/RNAiER66) were treated with E2 and E2-conjugated to bovine serum albumin (E2-BSA, membrane impermeable) in the absence and presence of different kinase inhibitors HBDDE, bisindolylmaleimide, rottlerin, H89 and U0126. The phosphorylation levels of signaling molecules and cyclin D1/cdk4 expression were examined with Western blot analysis and cell growth was monitored with the MTT assay. RESULTS Immunofluorescence staining of Ishikawa cells demonstrated that ER-α36 was expressed mainly on the plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm, while ER-α66 was predominantly localized in the cell nucleus. Both E2 and E2-BSA rapidly activated PKCδ not PKCα in Ishikawa cells, which could be abrogated by ER-α36 shRNA expression. E2-and E2-BSA-induced ERK phosphorylation required ER-α36 and PKCδ. However, only E2 was able to induce Camp-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation. Furthermore, E2 enhances cyclin D1/cdk4 expression via ER-α36. CONCLUSION E2 activates the PKCδ/ERK pathway and enhances cyclin D1/cdk4 expression via the membrane-initiated signaling pathways mediated by ER-α36, suggesting a possible involvement of ER-α36 in E2-dependent growth-promoting effects in endometrial cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Shan Tong
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cai-Rong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Qi Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Yi Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Jun Sheng
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- * E-mail: (JS); (Q-YS)
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JS); (Q-YS)
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Calaluce R, Gubin MM, Davis JW, Magee JD, Chen J, Kuwano Y, Gorospe M, Atasoy U. The RNA binding protein HuR differentially regulates unique subsets of mRNAs in estrogen receptor negative and estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:126. [PMID: 20370918 PMCID: PMC2856550 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discordance between steady-state levels of mRNAs and protein has been attributed to posttranscriptional control mechanisms affecting mRNA stability and translation. Traditional methods of genome wide microarray analysis, profiling steady-state levels of mRNA, may miss important mRNA targets owing to significant posttranscriptional gene regulation by RNA binding proteins (RBPs). METHODS The ribonomic approach, utilizing RNA immunoprecipitation hybridized to microarray (RIP-Chip), provides global identification of putative endogenous mRNA targets of different RBPs. HuR is an RBP that binds to the AU-rich elements (ARE) of labile mRNAs, such as proto-oncogenes, facilitating their translation into protein. HuR has been shown to play a role in cancer progression and elevated levels of cytoplasmic HuR directly correlate with increased invasiveness and poor prognosis for many cancers, including those of the breast. HuR has been described to control genes in several of the acquired capabilities of cancer and has been hypothesized to be a tumor-maintenance gene, allowing for cancers to proliferate once they are established. RESULTS We used HuR RIP-Chip as a comprehensive and systematic method to survey breast cancer target genes in both MCF-7 (estrogen receptor positive, ER+) and MDA-MB-231 (estrogen receptor negative, ER-) breast cancer cell lines. We identified unique subsets of HuR-associated mRNAs found individually or in both cell types. Two novel HuR targets, CD9 and CALM2 mRNAs, were identified and validated by quantitative RT-PCR and biotin pull-down analysis. CONCLUSION This is the first report of a side-by-side genome-wide comparison of HuR-associated targets in wild type ER+ and ER- breast cancer. We found distinct, differentially expressed subsets of cancer related genes in ER+ and ER- breast cancer cell lines, and noted that the differential regulation of two cancer-related genes by HuR was contingent upon the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Calaluce
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA
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