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Mudaliar D, Mansky RH, White A, Baudhuin G, Hawkinson J, Wong H, Walters MA, Gomez-Pastor R. Discovery of a CK2α'-Biased ATP-Competitive Inhibitor from a High-Throughput Screen of an Allosteric-Inhibitor-Like Compound Library. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38908003 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 is a holoenzyme composed of two regulatory subunits (CK2β) and two catalytic subunits (CK2α and CK2α'). CK2 controls several cellular processes, including proliferation, inflammation, and cell death. However, CK2α and CK2α' possess different expression patterns and substrates and therefore impact each of these processes differently. Elevated CK2α participates in the development of cancer, while increased CK2α' has been associated with neurodegeneration, especially Huntington's disease (HD). HD is a fatal disease for which no effective therapies are available. Genetic deletion of CK2α' in HD mouse models has ameliorated neurodegeneration. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of CK2α' presents a promising therapeutic strategy for treating HD. However, current CK2 inhibitors are unable to discriminate between CK2α and CK2α' due to their high structural homology, especially in the targeted ATP-binding site. Using computational analyses, we found a potential type IV ("D" pocket) allosteric site that contained different residues between CK2α and CK2α' and was distal from the ATP-binding pocket featured in both kinases. We decided to look for allosteric modulators that might interact in a biased fashion with the type IV pocket on both CK2α and CK2α'. We screened a commercial library containing ∼29,000 allosteric-kinase-inhibitor-like compounds using a CK2α' activity-dependent ADP-Glo Kinase assay. Obtained hits were counter-screened against CK2α using the ADP-Glo Kinase assay, revealing two CK2α'-biased compounds. These two compounds might serve as the basis for further medicinal chemistry optimization for the potential treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Mudaliar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Rachel H Mansky
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Angel White
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Grace Baudhuin
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | | | - Henry Wong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Michael A Walters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
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2
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Yang J, Lin L, Zou GJ, Wang LF, Li F, Li CQ, Cui YH, Huang FL. CK2 negatively regulates the extinction of remote fear memory. Behav Brain Res 2024; 465:114960. [PMID: 38494129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive behavioral therapy, rooted in exposure therapy, is currently the primary approach employed in the treatment of anxiety-related conditions, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In laboratory settings, fear extinction in animals is a commonly employed technique to investigate exposure therapy; however, the precise mechanisms underlying fear extinction remain elusive. Casein kinase 2 (CK2), which regulates neuroplasticity via phosphorylation of its substrates, has a significant influence in various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as in the process of learning and memory. In this study, we adopted a classical Pavlovian fear conditioning model to investigate the involvement of CK2 in remote fear memory extinction and its underlying mechanisms. The results indicated that the activity of CK2 in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of mice was significantly upregulated after extinction training of remote cued fear memory. Notably, administration of the CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 prior to extinction training facilitated the extinction of remote fear memory. In addition, CX-4945 significantly upregulated the expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-CREB in the mPFC. Our results suggest that CK2 negatively regulates remote fear memory extinction, at least in part, by inhibiting the ERK-CREB pathway. These findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of remote cued fear extinction, thereby offering a theoretical foundation and identifying potential targets for the intervention and treatment of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; School of Basic Medicine, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, Hunan 413000, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Guang-Jing Zou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lai-Fa Wang
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Chang-Qi Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yan-Hui Cui
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Fu-Lian Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, Hunan 413000, China.
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3
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Mudaliar D, Mansky RH, White A, Baudhuin G, Hawkinson J, Wong H, Walters MA, Gomez-Pastor R. Identification of CK2α' selective inhibitors by the screening of an allosteric-kinase-inhibitor-like compound library. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.18.576328. [PMID: 38328231 PMCID: PMC10849513 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.18.576328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Protein Kinase CK2 is a holoenzyme composed of two regulatory subunits (CK2β) and two catalytic subunits (CK2α and CK2α'). CK2 controls several cellular processes including proliferation, inflammation, and cell death. However, CK2α and CK2α' possess different expression patterns and substrates and therefore impact each of these processes differently. Elevated CK2α participates in the development of cancer, while increased CK2α' has been associated with neurodegeneration, especially Huntington's disease (HD). HD is a fatal disease for which no effective therapies are available. Genetic deletion of CK2α' in HD mouse models has ameliorated neurodegeneration. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of CK2α' presents a promising therapeutic strategy for treating HD. However, current CK2 inhibitors are unable to discriminate between CK2α and CK2α' due to their high structural homology, especially in the targeted ATP binding site. Using computational analyses, we found a potential Type IV ("D" pocket) allosteric site on CK2α' that contained different residues than CK2α and was distal from the ATP binding pocket featured in both kinases. With this potential allosteric site in mind, we screened a commercial library containing ~29,000 allosteric-kinase-inhibitor-like compounds using a CK2α' activity-dependent ADP-Glo™ Kinase assay. Obtained hits were counter-screened against CK2α revealing two CK2α' selective compounds. These two compounds might serve as the basis for further medicinal chemistry optimization for the potential treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Mudaliar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Rachel H Mansky
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Angel White
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Grace Baudhuin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Jon Hawkinson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Henry Wong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Michael A Walters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
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Rushing GV, Sills J. Patient organization perspective: a research roadmap for Okur-Chung Neurodevelopmental Syndrome. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN RARE DISEASE 2024; 5:26330040241249763. [PMID: 39070093 PMCID: PMC11273705 DOI: 10.1177/26330040241249763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Okur-Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome (OCNDS) is an ultra-rare disorder caused by variants in the CSNK2A1 gene. CSNK2A1 encodes for the alpha subunit of casein kinase 2 (CK2), a serine/threonine kinase critical in neural development. CK2 is implicated in many human pathologies, including viral infections, cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric diseases. However, the mechanism of action for the CSNK2A1 variants observed in OCNDS is not fully understood, although studies suggest a loss of function or altered substrate specificity. There are no approved treatments for OCNDS, and current treatments focus on symptom management. The CSNK2A1 Foundation was established in 2018 and aims to find a cure for OCNDS and provide support to affected individuals. OCNDS presents with symptoms at varying severity, including developmental delay/intellectual disabilities, autism, disrupted sleep, speech delays/inability to speak, short stature, and, in ~25% of cases, epilepsy. The foundation has developed a research toolbox that is readily available to researchers worldwide and has awarded ~$1 million in grant funding. These efforts have provided valuable insights into CK2 biology and the natural history of OCNDS. However, additional efforts are needed to fully characterize the disease mechanism and investigate potential treatment interventions. Continued investigation into CK2 and its role in neural development holds promise for a better understanding of OCNDS and related disorders in the future. To accelerate research, we have developed a research roadmap highlighting key focus areas of landscape analysis/toolbox expansion, biomarker development, and therapeutic testing through a series of steps that are nonlinear; we expect these efforts to guide decision-making for therapeutic exploration whether that be drug repurposing, gene therapy, novel drug discovery, or a combination. In this perspective article, we describe OCNDS and the CSNK2A1 gene, highlight gaps in OCNDS research, discuss the research roadmap, and offer the founder's perspective on our growth and future opportunities.
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Montenarh M, Götz C. Protein Kinase CK2α', More than a Backup of CK2α. Cells 2023; 12:2834. [PMID: 38132153 PMCID: PMC10741536 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein kinase CK2 is implicated in the regulation of fundamental processes in eukaryotic cells. CK2 consists of two catalytic α or α' isoforms and two regulatory CK2β subunits. These three proteins exist in a free form, bound to other cellular proteins, as tetrameric holoenzymes composed of CK2α2/β2, CK2αα'/β2, or CK2α'2/β2 as well as in higher molecular forms of the tetramers. The catalytic domains of CK2α and CK2α' share a 90% identity. As CK2α contains a unique C-terminal sequence. Both proteins function as protein kinases. These properties raised the question of whether both isoforms are just backups of each other or whether they are regulated differently and may then function in an isoform-specific manner. The present review provides observations that the regulation of both CK2α isoforms is partly different concerning the subcellular localization, post-translational modifications, and aggregation. Up to now, there are only a few isoform-specific cellular binding partners. The expression of both CK2α isoforms seems to vary in different cell lines, in tissues, in the cell cycle, and with differentiation. There are different reports about the expression and the functions of the CK2α isoforms in tumor cells and tissues. In many cases, a cell-type-specific expression and function is known, which raises the question about cell-specific regulators of both isoforms. Another future challenge is the identification or design of CK2α'-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Montenarh
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Building 44, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
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Ogata A, Yamada T, Hattori S, Ikenuma H, Abe J, Ichise M, Suzuki M, Ito K, Kato T, Amaike K, Hirota T, Itami K, Kimura Y. Development of a novel PET ligand, [11C]GO289 targeting CK2 expressed in the brain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 90:129327. [PMID: 37187253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful imaging tool that enables early in vivo detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD). For this purpose, various PET ligands have been developed to image β-amyloid and tau protein aggregates characteristically found in the brain of AD patients. In this study, we initiated to develop another type of PET ligand that targets protein kinase CK2 (formerly termed as casein kinase II), because its expression level is known to be altered in postmortem AD brains. CK2 is a serine/threonine protein kinase, an important component of cellular signaling pathways that control cellular degeneration. In AD, the CK2 level in the brain is thought to be elevated by its involvement in both phosphorylation of proteins such as tau and neuroinflammation. Decreased CK2 activity and expression levels lead to β-amyloid accumulation. In addition, since CK2 also contributes to the phosphorylation of tau protein, the expression level and activity of CK2 is expected to undergo significant changes during the progression of AD pathology. Furthermore, CK2 could act as a potential target for modulating the inflammatory response in AD. Therefore, PET imaging targeting CK2 expressed in the brain could be a useful another imaging biomarker for AD. We synthesized and radiolabeled a CK2 inhibitor, [11C]GO289, in high yields from its precursor and [11C]methyl iodide under basic conditions. On autoradiography, [11C]GO289 specifically bound to CK2 in both rat and human brain sections. On baseline PET imaging, this ligand entered and rapidly washed out of the rat brain with its peak activity rather being small (SUV < 1.0). However, on blocking, there was no detectable CK2 specific binding signal. Thus, [11C]GO289 may be useful in vitro but not so in vivo in its current formulation. The lack of detectable specific binding signal in the latter may be due to a relatively high component of nonspecific binding signal in the overall rather weak PET signal, or it may also be related to the known fact that ATP can competitively binds to subunits of CK2, reducing its availability for this ligand. In the future, it will be necessary for PET imaging of CK2 to try out different non-ATP competitive formulations of CK2 inhibitor that can also provide significantly higher in vivo brain penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ogata
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science (GUMS), Kani, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamada
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Saori Hattori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikenuma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Junichiro Abe
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Masanori Ichise
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Masaaki Suzuki
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Kengo Ito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Kazuma Amaike
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hirota
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kimura
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan.
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Jafari Khamirani H, Zoghi S, Motealleh A, Dianatpour M, Tabei SMB, Mohammadi S, Dastgheib SA. Clinical Features of Okur-Chung Neurodevelopmental Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review. Mol Syndromol 2022; 13:381-388. [PMID: 36588763 PMCID: PMC9801326 DOI: 10.1159/000522353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autosomal dominant pathogenic variations in the CSNK2A1 gene cause Okur-Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome (OCNDS). Methods The proband and her parents were examined thoroughly and observed for any issues related to OCNDS. Furthermore, peripheral blood samples were collected from each subject for further investigations. Whole-exome sequencing identified a pathogenic variant in CSNK2A1 (NM_001895: c.62G>A, p.R21Q; rs1402734448). Results The proband has global developmental delay, speech disorders, epilepsy, and behavioral issues. Despite the previously reported cases, she manifested both atonic and myoclonic seizures simultaneously. Lastly, we provide a review of the reported cases with OCNDS. Discussion p.R21Q causes OCNDS. Further studies are highly recommended concerning this mutation to validate the results of this study and expand the knowledge regarding CSNK2A1 and the phenotypic spectrum of OCNDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jafari Khamirani
- Comprehensive Medical Genetics Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Zoghi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Motealleh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Bagher Tabei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mohammadi
- Comprehensive Medical Genetics Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Dastgheib
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,*Seyed Alireza Dastgheib,
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Yu D, Zarate N, White A, Coates D, Tsai W, Nanclares C, Cuccu F, Yue JS, Brown TG, Mansky RH, Jiang K, Kim H, Nichols-Meade T, Larson SN, Gundry K, Zhang Y, Tomas-Zapico C, Lucas JJ, Benneyworth M, Öz G, Cvetanovic M, Araque A, Gomez-Pastor R. CK2 alpha prime and alpha-synuclein pathogenic functional interaction mediates synaptic dysregulation in huntington's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:83. [PMID: 35659303 PMCID: PMC9164558 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the HTT gene for which no therapies are available. HTT mutation causes protein misfolding and aggregation, preferentially affecting medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the basal ganglia. Transcriptional perturbations in synaptic genes and neuroinflammation are key processes that precede MSN dysfunction and motor symptom onset. Understanding the interplay between these processes is crucial to develop effective therapeutic strategies to treat HD. We investigated the role of protein kinase CK2α', a kinase upregulated in MSNs in HD and previously associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), in the regulation of neuroinflammation and synaptic function in HD. We used the heterozygous knock-in zQ175 HD mouse model and compared that to zQ175 mice lacking one allele of CK2α' (zQ175:CK2α'(±)). CK2α' haploinsufficiency in zQ175 mice resulted in decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, HTT aggregation, astrogliosis and transcriptional alterations of synaptic genes related to glutamatergic signaling. zQ175:CK2α'(±) mice also presented increased frequency of striatal miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), an indicator of synaptic activity, and improved motor coordination compared to zQ175 mice. Neuropathological and phenotypic changes mediated by CK2α' were connected to alpha-synuclein (α-syn) dysregulation and correlated with differences in α-syn serine 129 phosphorylation (pS129-α-syn), a post-translational modification involved in α-synucleinopathy and shown to be regulated by CK2 in PD. pS129-α-syn was increased in the nuclei of MSNs in zQ175 mice and in the striatum of patients with HD, and it decreased in zQ175:CK2α'(±) mice. Collectively, our data established a novel connection between CK2α', neuroinflammation and synaptic gene dysregulation with synucleinopathy in HD and suggested common molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration between HD and PD. Our results also support CK2α' inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy to modulate neuronal function and neuroprotection in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahyun Yu
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Nicole Zarate
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Angel White
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - De’jah Coates
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Wei Tsai
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Carmen Nanclares
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Francesco Cuccu
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Johnny S. Yue
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Mounds View High School, Arden Hills, MN USA
| | - Taylor G. Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Rachel H. Mansky
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Kevin Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Hyuck Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Present Address: HK, MEPSGEN, Seoul, 05836 South Korea
- Present Address: CTZ Department of Functional Biology, Physiology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Asturias, Spain
- Present Address: Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Asturias, Spain
| | - Tessa Nichols-Meade
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Sarah N. Larson
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research. Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Katherine Gundry
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research. Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Cristina Tomas-Zapico
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘Severo Ochoa’ (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Present Address: HK, MEPSGEN, Seoul, 05836 South Korea
- Present Address: CTZ Department of Functional Biology, Physiology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Asturias, Spain
- Present Address: Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Asturias, Spain
| | - Jose J. Lucas
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘Severo Ochoa’ (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center On Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Benneyworth
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research. Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Marija Cvetanovic
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Alfonso Araque
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Jackson Hall Room 6-145, Minneapolis, MN USA
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Ballardin D, Cruz-Gamero JM, Bienvenu T, Rebholz H. Comparing Two Neurodevelopmental Disorders Linked to CK2: Okur-Chung Neurodevelopmental Syndrome and Poirier-Bienvenu Neurodevelopmental Syndrome—Two Sides of the Same Coin? Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:850559. [PMID: 35693553 PMCID: PMC9182197 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.850559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, variants in the catalytic and regulatory subunits of the kinase CK2 have been found to underlie two different, yet symptomatically overlapping neurodevelopmental disorders, termed Okur-Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome (OCNDS) and Poirier-Bienvenu neurodevelopmental syndrome (POBINDS). Both conditions are predominantly caused by de novo missense or nonsense mono-allelic variants. They are characterized by a generalized developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral problems (hyperactivity, repetitive movements and social interaction deficits), hypotonia, motricity and verbalization deficits. One of the main features of POBINDS is epilepsies, which are present with much lower prevalence in patients with OCNDS. While a role for CK2 in brain functioning and development is well acknowledged, these findings for the first time clearly link CK2 to defined brain disorders. Our review will bring together patient data for both syndromes, aiming to link symptoms with genotypes, and to rationalize the symptoms through known cellular functions of CK2 that have been identified in preclinical and biochemical contexts. We will also compare the symptomatology and elaborate the specificities that distinguish the two syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetra Ballardin
- INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - Jose M. Cruz-Gamero
- INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Bienvenu
- INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d’organe, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Centre Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Heike Rebholz
- INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
- Center of Neurodegeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
- *Correspondence: Heike Rebholz,
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10
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Ernst ME, Baugh EH, Thomas A, Bier L, Lippa N, Stong N, Mulhern MS, Kushary S, Akman CI, Heinzen EL, Yeh R, Bi W, Hanchard NA, Burrage LC, Leduc MS, Chong JSC, Bend R, Lyons MJ, Lee JA, Suwannarat P, Brilstra E, Simon M, Koopmans M, van Binsbergen E, Groepper D, Fleischer J, Nava C, Keren B, Mignot C, Mathieu S, Mancini GMS, Madan-Khetarpal S, Infante EM, Bluvstein J, Seeley A, Bachman K, Klee EW, Schultz-Rogers LE, Hasadsri L, Barnett S, Ellingson MS, Ferber MJ, Narayanan V, Ramsey K, Rauch A, Joset P, Steindl K, Sheehan T, Poduri A, Vasquez A, Ruivenkamp C, White SM, Pais L, Monaghan KG, Goldstein DB, Sands TT, Aggarwal V. CSNK2B: A broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disability and epilepsy severity. Epilepsia 2021; 62:e103-e109. [PMID: 34041744 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CSNK2B has recently been implicated as a disease gene for neurodevelopmental disability (NDD) and epilepsy. Information about developmental outcomes has been limited by the young age and short follow-up for many of the previously reported cases, and further delineation of the spectrum of associated phenotypes is needed. We present 25 new patients with variants in CSNK2B and refine the associated NDD and epilepsy phenotypes. CSNK2B variants were identified by research or clinical exome sequencing, and investigators from different centers were connected via GeneMatcher. Most individuals had developmental delay and generalized epilepsy with onset in the first 2 years. However, we found a broad spectrum of phenotypic severity, ranging from early normal development with pharmacoresponsive seizures to profound intellectual disability with intractable epilepsy and recurrent refractory status epilepticus. These findings suggest that CSNK2B should be considered in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with a broad range of NDD with treatable or intractable seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Ernst
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan H Baugh
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Thomas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louise Bier
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalie Lippa
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Stong
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maureen S Mulhern
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sulagna Kushary
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cigdem I Akman
- Department of Neurology, The Neurological Institute of New York, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin L Heinzen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Raymond Yeh
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weimin Bi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neil A Hanchard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lindsay C Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Magalie S Leduc
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Josephine S C Chong
- Joint CUHK-Baylor Center of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Renee Bend
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Pim Suwannarat
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Eva Brilstra
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Simon
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Koopmans
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Binsbergen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Groepper
- Department of Pediatrics, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Julie Fleischer
- Department of Pediatrics, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Caroline Nava
- Department of Genetics, APHP Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Department of Genetics, APHP Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Department of Genetics, APHP Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,Reference Center for Intellectual Disabilities of Rare Causes, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Mathieu
- Department of Neuropediatrics, APHP Sorbonne University, Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elena M Infante
- Department of Medical Genetics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eric W Klee
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Laura E Schultz-Rogers
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Linda Hasadsri
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sarah Barnett
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marissa S Ellingson
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew J Ferber
- Clinical Genome Sequencing Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Keri Ramsey
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Joset
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Theodore Sheehan
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alejandra Vasquez
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Claudia Ruivenkamp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Susan M White
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Service, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lynn Pais
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tristan T Sands
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, The Neurological Institute of New York, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vimla Aggarwal
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Dominguez I, Cruz-Gamero JM, Corasolla V, Dacher N, Rangasamy S, Urbani A, Narayanan V, Rebholz H. Okur-Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome-linked CK2α variants have reduced kinase activity. Hum Genet 2021; 140:1077-1096. [PMID: 33944995 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Okur-Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome, or OCNDS, is a newly discovered rare neurodevelopmental disorder. It is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral problems (hyperactivity, repetitive movements and social interaction deficits), hypotonia, epilepsy and language/verbalization deficits. OCNDS is linked to de novo mutations in CSNK2A1, that lead to missense or deletion/truncating variants in the encoded protein, the protein kinase CK2α. Eighteen different missense CK2α mutations have been identified to date; however, no biochemical or cell biological studies have yet been performed to clarify the functional impact of such mutations. Here, we show that 15 different missense CK2α mutations lead to varying degrees of loss of kinase activity as recombinant purified proteins and when mutants are ectopically expressed in mammalian cells. We further detect changes in the phosphoproteome of three patient-derived fibroblast lines and show that the subcellular localization of CK2α is altered for some of the OCNDS-linked variants and in patient-derived fibroblasts. Our data argue that reduced kinase activity and abnormal localization of CK2α may underlie the OCNDS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - J M Cruz-Gamero
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - V Corasolla
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica, CERC-Fondazione S.Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Roma, Italy
| | - N Dacher
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - S Rangasamy
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - A Urbani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - V Narayanan
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - H Rebholz
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France. .,Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy. .,GHU Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France. .,Center of Neurodegeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria.
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12
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Baier A, Kokel A, Horton W, Gizińska E, Pandey G, Szyszka R, Török B, Török M. Organofluorine Hydrazone Derivatives as Multifunctional Anti-Alzheimer's Agents with CK2 Inhibitory and Antioxidant Features. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1927-1932. [PMID: 33713036 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A set of novel hydrazone derivatives were synthesized and analyzed for their biological activities. The compounds were tested for their inhibitory effect on the phosphorylating activity of the protein kinase CK2, and their antioxidant activity was also determined in three commonly used assays. The hydrazones were evaluated for their radical scavenging against the DPPH, ABTS and peroxyl radicals. Several compounds have been identified as good antioxidants as well as potent protein kinase CK2 inhibitors. Most hydrazones containing a 4-N(CH3 )2 residue or perfluorinated phenyl rings showed high activity in the radical-scavenging assays and possess nanomolar IC50 values in the kinase assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baier
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1i, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anne Kokel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - William Horton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Ewa Gizińska
- Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1i, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Garima Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Ryszard Szyszka
- Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1i, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Béla Török
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Marianna Török
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
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13
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Xu X, Lu Q, Wang Z, Cai P, Zeng Z, Zhang L, Wang M, Ma L, Ruan C, Chen S. Identification of a Novel CSNK2A1-PDGFRB Fusion Gene in a Patient with Myeloid Neoplasm with Eosinophilia. Cancer Res Treat 2020; 53:889-892. [PMID: 33421986 PMCID: PMC8291187 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2020.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) rearrangements play an
important role in the pathogenesis of eosinophilia-associated myeloid/lymphoid
neoplasms. Up to now, more than 70 PDGFRB fusions have been
identified. Here, a novel PDGFRB fusion gene
CSNK2A1-PDGFRB has been identified in
myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) with eosinophilia by RNA-sequencing, which has
been verified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Sanger
sequencing. The new PDGFRB fusion partner gene
CSNK2A1 encoded one of the two catalytic subunit of casein
kinase II (CK2). To our knowledge, this is the first report on
the involvement of CSNK2A1 in fusion genes, especially fusion
with another kinase PDGFRB in MPN. In addition, the
CSNK2A1-PDGFRB fusion retained the entire
kinase domain of PDGFRB and response to imatinib at low concentration. The
patient with CSNK2A1-PDGFRB was sensitive to
imatinib treatment and acquired sustained complete remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiongyu Lu
- Cyrus Tang hematology center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ping Cai
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhao Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Man Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Cyrus Tang hematology center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Suning Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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14
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Lettieri A, Borgo C, Zanieri L, D’Amore C, Oleari R, Paganoni A, Pinna LA, Cariboni A, Salvi M. Protein Kinase CK2 Subunits Differentially Perturb the Adhesion and Migration of GN11 Cells: A Model of Immature Migrating Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235951. [PMID: 31779225 PMCID: PMC6928770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) is a highly conserved and ubiquitous kinase is involved in crucial biological processes, including proliferation, migration, and differentiation. CK2 holoenzyme is a tetramer composed by two catalytically active (α/α’) and two regulatory (β) subunits and exerts its function on a broad range of targets. In the brain, it regulates different steps of neurodevelopment, such as neural differentiation, neuritogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. Interestingly, CK2 mutations have been recently linked to neurodevelopmental disorders; however, the functional requirements of the individual CK2 subunits in neurodevelopment have not been yet investigated. Here, we disclose the role of CK2 on the migration and adhesion properties of GN11 cells, an established model of mouse immortalized neurons, by different in vitro experimental approaches. Specifically, the cellular requirement of this kinase has been assessed pharmacologically and genetically by exploiting CK2 inhibitors and by generating subunit-specific CK2 knockout GN11 cells (with a CRISPR/Cas9-based approach). We show that CK2α’ subunit has a primary role in increasing cell adhesion and reducing migration properties of GN11 cells by activating the Akt-GSK3β axis, whereas CK2α subunit is dispensable. Further, the knockout of the CK2β regulatory subunits counteracts cell migration, inducing dramatic alterations in the cytoskeleton not observed in CK2α’ knockout cells. Collectively taken, our data support the view that the individual subunits of CK2 play different roles in cell migration and adhesion properties of GN11 cells, supporting independent roles of the different subunits in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lettieri
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (L.Z.); (R.O.); (A.P.)
| | - Christian Borgo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Luca Zanieri
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (L.Z.); (R.O.); (A.P.)
| | - Claudio D’Amore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Roberto Oleari
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (L.Z.); (R.O.); (A.P.)
| | - Alyssa Paganoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (L.Z.); (R.O.); (A.P.)
| | - Lorenzo A. Pinna
- CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Anna Cariboni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (L.Z.); (R.O.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Mauro Salvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (M.S.)
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15
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Akahira-Azuma M, Tsurusaki Y, Enomoto Y, Mitsui J, Kurosawa K. Refining the clinical phenotype of Okur-Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome. Hum Genome Var 2018; 5:18011. [PMID: 29619237 PMCID: PMC5874396 DOI: 10.1038/hgv.2018.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe an 8-year-old Japanese boy with a de novo recurrent missense mutation in CSNK2A1, c.593A>G, that is causative of Okur–Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome. He exhibited distinctive facial features, severe growth retardation with relative macrocephaly, and friendly, hyperactive behavior. His dysmorphic features might suggest a congenital histone modification defect syndrome, such as Kleefstra, Coffin–Siris, or Rubinstein–Taybi syndromes, which are indicative of functional interactions between the casein kinase II, alpha 1 gene and histone modification factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Akahira-Azuma
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tsurusaki
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumi Enomoto
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
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16
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Owen CI, Bowden R, Parker MJ, Patterson J, Patterson J, Price S, Sarkar A, Castle B, Deshpande C, Splitt M, Ghali N, Dean J, Green AJ, Crosby C, Tatton-Brown K. Extending the phenotype associated with the CSNK2A1-related Okur-Chung syndrome-A clinical study of 11 individuals. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:1108-1114. [PMID: 29383814 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Variants in the Protein Kinase CK2 alpha subunit, encoding the CSNK2A1 gene, have previously been reported in children with an intellectual disability and dysmorphic facial features syndrome: now termed the Okur-Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome. More recently, through trio-based exome sequencing undertaken by the Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study (DDD study), a further 11 children with de novo CSNK2A1 variants have been identified. We have undertaken detailed phenotyping of these patients. Consistent with previously reported patients, patients in this series had apparent intellectual disability, swallowing difficulties, and hypotonia. While there are some shared facial characteristics, the gestalt is neither consistent nor readily recognized. Congenital heart abnormalities were identified in nearly 30% of the patients, representing a newly recognized CSNK2A1 clinical association. Based upon the clinical findings from this study and the previously reported patients, we suggest an initial approach to the management of patients with this recently described intellectual disability syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceris I Owen
- Medical Research Council, London Institute for Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ramsay Bowden
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael J Parker
- Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Jo Patterson
- Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Joan Patterson
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sue Price
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Ajoy Sarkar
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bruce Castle
- Peninsula Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospitals NHS Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Charulatha Deshpande
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Unit, Guys and St Thomas NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Miranda Splitt
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Neeti Ghali
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, North West London Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - John Dean
- Department of Clinical Genetics, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Andrew J Green
- National Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady's Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Charlene Crosby
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | -
- Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katrina Tatton-Brown
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,St George's University of London, London, UK
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17
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Trinh J, Hüning I, Budler N, Hingst V, Lohmann K, Gillessen-Kaesbach G. A novel de novo mutation in CSNK2A1: reinforcing the link to neurodevelopmental abnormalities and dysmorphic features. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:1005-1006. [PMID: 28725024 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Trinh
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Irina Hüning
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nadja Budler
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Volker Hingst
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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CK2-An Emerging Target for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10010007. [PMID: 28067771 PMCID: PMC5374411 DOI: 10.3390/ph10010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 has received a surge of attention in recent years due to the evidence of its overexpression in a variety of solid tumors and multiple myelomas as well as its participation in cell survival pathways. CK2 is also upregulated in the most prevalent and aggressive cancer of brain tissue, glioblastoma multiforme, and in preclinical models, pharmacological inhibition of the kinase has proven successful in reducing tumor size and animal mortality. CK2 is highly expressed in the mammalian brain and has many bona fide substrates that are crucial in neuronal or glial homeostasis and signaling processes across synapses. Full and conditional CK2 knockout mice have further elucidated the importance of CK2 in brain development, neuronal activity, and behavior. This review will discuss recent advances in the field that point to CK2 as a regulator of neuronal functions and as a potential novel target to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Gowda C, Song C, Kapadia M, Payne JL, Hu T, Ding Y, Dovat S. Regulation of cellular proliferation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia by Casein Kinase II (CK2) and Ikaros. Adv Biol Regul 2016; 63:71-80. [PMID: 27666503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The IKZF1 gene encodes the Ikaros protein, a zinc finger transcriptional factor that acts as a master regulator of hematopoiesis and a tumor suppressor in leukemia. Impaired activity of Ikaros is associated with the development of high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with a poor prognosis. The molecular mechanisms that regulate Ikaros' function as a tumor suppressor and regulator of cellular proliferation are not well understood. We demonstrated that Ikaros is a substrate for Casein Kinase II (CK2), an oncogenic kinase that is overexpressed in ALL. Phosphorylation of Ikaros by CK2 impairs Ikaros' DNA-binding ability, as well as Ikaros' ability to regulate gene expression and function as a tumor suppressor in leukemia. Targeting CK2 with specific inhibitors restores Ikaros' function as a transcriptional regulator and tumor suppressor resulting in a therapeutic, anti-leukemia effect in a preclinical model of ALL. Here, we review the genes and pathways that are regulated by Ikaros and the molecular mechanisms through which Ikaros and CK2 regulate cellular proliferation in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Malika Kapadia
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Jonathon L Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Tommy Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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De novo mutations in CSNK2A1 are associated with neurodevelopmental abnormalities and dysmorphic features. Hum Genet 2016; 135:699-705. [PMID: 27048600 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Whole exome sequencing (WES) can be used to efficiently identify de novo genetic variants associated with genetically heterogeneous conditions including intellectual disabilities. We have performed WES for 4102 (1847 female; 2255 male) intellectual disability/developmental delay cases and we report five patients with a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral problems, hypotonia, speech problems, microcephaly, pachygyria and dysmorphic features in whom we have identified de novo missense and canonical splice site mutations in CSNK2A1, the gene encoding CK2α, the catalytic subunit of protein kinase CK2, a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase composed of two regulatory (β) and two catalytic (α and/or α') subunits. Somatic mutations in CSNK2A1 have been implicated in various cancers; however, this is the first study to describe a human condition associated with germline mutations in any of the CK2 subunits.
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Clemens K, Yeh CY, Aizenman E. Critical role of Casein kinase 2 in hepatitis C NS5A-mediated inhibition of Kv2.1 K(+) channel function. Neurosci Lett 2015; 609:48-52. [PMID: 26472706 PMCID: PMC4679649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inhibiting injury-induced increases in outward K(+) currents is sufficient to block cell death in cortical neuronal injury models. It is now known that apoptosis is facilitated in hepatocytes by the same K(+) channel as in cortical neurons, namely, the delayed rectifier K(+) channel Kv2.1. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) protein NS5A prevents the apoptosis-enabling loss of intracellular potassium by inhibiting Kv2.1 function and thus blocking hepatocyte cell death. Critically, neurons expressing NS5A1b (from HCV genotype 1b), but not NS5A1a, can be protected from lethal injurious stimuli via a block of Kv2.1-mediated potassium currents. Here, we identify a key component unique to NS5A1b, which is necessary for restricting Kv2.1 currents and establishing neuroprotection. By comparing the sequence differences between NS5A1b and 1a we identify putative casein kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylation regions unique to the 1b genotype. We show that selective inhibition of CK2 in cortical neurons results in loss of NS5A1b's ability to depress outward potassium currents, and, surprisingly, potentiates currents in non-NS5A-expressing cells. As such, our results suggest that NS5A1b-mediated inhibition of Kv2.1 function is critically dependent on its phosphorylation status at genotypic-specific CK2-directed residues. Importantly, inhibiting NS5A viral replicative function with the novel HCV drug Ledipasvir does not impair the ability of this protein to block Kv2.1 function. This suggests that the modulation of NS5A function by CK2 may be a component of HCV unique to the regulation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Clemens
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Chung-Yang Yeh
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Elias Aizenman
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Wang Y, Schachner M. The intracellular domain of L1CAM binds to casein kinase 2α and is neuroprotective via inhibition of the tumor suppressors PTEN and p53. J Neurochem 2015; 133:828-43. [PMID: 25727698 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule L1 promotes neuritogenesis and neuronal survival through triggering MAPK pathways. Based on the findings that L1 is associated with casein kinase 2 (CK2), and that deficiency in PTEN promotes neuritogenesis in vitro and regeneration after trauma, we examined the functional relationship between L1 and PTEN. In parallel, we investigated the tumor suppressor p53, which also regulates neuritogenesis. Here, we report that the intracellular domain of L1 binds to the subunit CK2α, and that knockdown of L1 leads to CK2 dephosphorylation and an increase in PTEN and p53 levels. Overexpression of L1, but not the L1 mutants L1 (S1181N, E1184V), which reduced binding between L1 and CK2, reduced expression levels of PTEN and p53 proteins, and enhanced levels of phosphorylated CK2α and mammalian target of rapamycin, which is a downstream effector of PTEN and p53. Treatment of neurons with a CK2 inhibitor or transfection with CK2α siRNA increased levels of PTEN and p53, and inhibited neuritogenesis. The combined observations indicate that L1 downregulates expression of PTEN and p53 via direct binding to CK2α. We suggest that L1 stimulates neuritogenesis by activating CK2α leading to decreased levels of PTEN and p53 via a novel, L1-triggered and CK2α-mediated signal transduction pathway. L1CAM (L1 cell adhesion molecule) is implicated in neural functions through the cognate src/MAP kinase signaling pathway. We now describe a novel signaling platform operating via the alpha subunit of casein kinase 2 which binds to the intracellular domain of L1. Knockdown of L1CAM leads to increased levels of tumor suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) and p53, known to inhibit neuritogenesis in vitro and recovery from trauma in vivo. By activating this enzyme, L1CAM adds to its beneficial functions by decreasing the levels of PTEN and p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Rebholz H, Zhou M, Nairn AC, Greengard P, Flajolet M. Selective knockout of the casein kinase 2 in d1 medium spiny neurons controls dopaminergic function. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 74:113-21. [PMID: 23290496 PMCID: PMC3878430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine, crucial for the regulation of motor function and reward, acts through receptors mainly expressed in striatum as well as cortex. Dysregulation of dopaminergic signaling is associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders. Consequently, dopamine-regulating drugs are effectively used in treating these disorders, such as L-DOPA for Parkinson's disease, methylphenidate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or antipsychotics for schizophrenia. As a result, there has been much interest in dissecting signaling networks in the two morphologically indistinguishable D1- and D2-receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons. Our previous results highlighted a role for casein kinase 2 (CK2) in the modulation of dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) signaling in cells. METHODS To study the importance of CK2 in vivo, we have selectively knocked out CK2, in either D1- or D2-medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and characterized the mice behaviorally and biochemically (n = 4-18). RESULTS The D1-MSN knockout mice exhibited distinct behavioral phenotypes including novelty-induced hyperlocomotion and exploratory behavior, defective motor control, and motor learning. All of these behavioral traits are indicative of dysregulated dopamine signaling and the underlying mechanism appears to be an alteration of D1R signaling. In support of this hypothesis, D1R levels were upregulated in the knockout mice, as well as phosphorylation of DARPP-32 (dopamine- and cyclic adenosine monophosphate [cAMP]-regulated phospho-protein of 32 kDa), most of the behavioral phenotypes were abolished by the D1R antagonist, SCH23390, and the D2-MSN knockout mice displayed no obvious behavioral phenotype. CONCLUSIONS A single kinase, CK2, in D1-MSNs significantly alters dopamine signaling, a finding that could have therapeutic implications for disorders characterized by dopamine imbalance such as Parkinson's disease, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Rebholz
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Mingming Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Angus C. Nairn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Ribicoff Research Facilities, CMHC, New Haven, CT 06508, US
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Marc Flajolet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
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