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Tezcan ME, Uğur C, Can Ü, Uçak EF, Ekici F, Duymuş F, Korucu AT. Are decreased cocaine- and amphetamine regulated transcript and Agouti- related peptide levels associated Eating behavior in medication-free children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110907. [PMID: 38043633 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate plasma levels of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), agouti-related protein (AgRP), cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide YY (PYY) and their relationship with eating behaviors among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls. A total of 94 medication-free children with ADHD and 82 controls aged 8-14 years were included in this study. The Plasma levels of CART, AgRP, CCK and PYY were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) was used to assess eating behaviors in children. CART and AgRP levels were found to be significantly lower in the ADHD group than in the control group, while CCK levels were found to be significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in PYY levels between the groups. Compared to controls, those with ADHD demonstrated significantly higher scores on the CEBQ subscales of food responsiveness, emotional overeating, desire to drink, enjoyment of food, and food fussiness, and significantly lower scores on the slowness of eating subscale. CART was significantly correlated with emotional overeating and enjoyment of food scores, while AgRP was significantly correlated with emotional undereating scores. Covariance analysis was performed by controlling potential confounders such as body mass index, age and sex, and the results were found to be unchanged. It was concluded that CART, AgRP, and CCK may play a potential role in the pathogenesis of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Esad Tezcan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Konya City Hospital, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey.
| | - Cüneyt Uğur
- Department of Pediatrics, Konya City Health Application and Research, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey
| | - Ümmügülsüm Can
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Konya City Health Application and Research, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Furkan Uçak
- Department of Psychiatry, Konya City Hospital, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ekici
- Department of Psychiatry, Konya City Hospital, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey
| | - Fahrettin Duymuş
- Department of Medical Genetics, Konya City Hospital, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey
| | - Agah Tuğrul Korucu
- Faculty of Computer and Instructional Technologies, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram-Konya, 42005, Turkey
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Dolapoğlu N, Yürekli BPŞ, Eker MÇ, Elbi H. Relationship Between Serum Agouti-Related Peptide Levels and Metabolic Syndrome in Euthymic Bipolar Patients. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2021; 58:16-20. [PMID: 33795947 DOI: 10.29399/npa.25005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Agouti-Related Peptide (AgRP) is expressed primarily in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, stimulates appetite and decreases metabolism and energy expenditure. The aim of our study is to evaluate the relationship between serum Agouti-Related Peptide (AgRP) levels and metabolic syndrome in euthymic bipolar patients. METHODS Forty euthymic bipolar patients who used only mood stabilizer for at least three months and 40 healthy volunteers as control group were included in the study. We measured fasting blood glucose levels and serum levels of AgRP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) of all participants. The main outcome measure was the difference between patients and control groups in terms of metabolic syndrome frequency and the relationship between serum AgRP level and metabolic syndrome is also investigated. RESULTS The metabolic syndrome was significantly more common in euthymic bipolar patients than in control group (p=0.039). Additionally, levels of blood glucose and triglyceride were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (p=0.006 and 0.01 respectively). Serum AgRP levels did not differ between the patient and control groups (p=0.35). Also, in euthymic bipolar patients, there was no significant difference in serum AgRP levels between patients with metabolic syndrome and those without (p=0.754). CONCLUSION We found significantly higher frequency of metabolic syndrome in euthymic bipolar patients than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the levels of serum AgRP between bipolar patients with and without metabolic syndrome in either study groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazan Dolapoğlu
- Balıkesir Atatürk State Hospital, Psychiatry Clinic, Balıkesir, Turkey.,Ege University Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Banu Pınar Şarer Yürekli
- Ege University Medical School, Department of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Hayriye Elbi
- Ege University Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, İzmir, Turkey
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Lis M, Stańczykiewicz B, Liśkiewicz P, Misiak B. Impaired hormonal regulation of appetite in schizophrenia: A narrative review dissecting intrinsic mechanisms and the effects of antipsychotics. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 119:104744. [PMID: 32534330 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases are the main contributor of reduced life expectancy in patients with schizophrenia. It is now widely accepted that antipsychotic treatment plays an important role in the development of obesity and its consequences. However, some intrinsic mechanisms need to be taken into consideration. One of these mechanisms might be related to impaired hormonal regulation of appetite in this group of patients. In this narrative review, we aimed to dissect impairments of appetite-regulating hormones attributable to intrinsic mechanisms and those related to medication effects. Early hormonal alterations that might be associated with intrinsic mechanisms include low levels of leptin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) together with elevated insulin levels in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. However, evidence regarding low GLP-1 levels in FEP patients is based on one large study. In turn, multiple-episode schizophrenia patients show elevated levels of insulin, leptin and orexin A together with decreased levels of adiponectin. In addition, patients receiving olanzapine may present with low ghrelin levels. Post mortem studies have also demonstrated reduced number of neuropeptide Y neurons in the prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia. Treatment with certain second-generation antipsychotics may also point to these alterations. Although our understanding of hormonal regulation of appetite in schizophrenia has largely been improved, several limitations and directions for future studies need to be addressed. This is of particular importance since several novel pharmacological interventions for obesity and diabetes have already been developed and translation of these developments to the treatment of cardiometabolic comorbidities in schizophrenia patients is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Lis
- Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, The Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior in Warsaw, Wołoska 137 Street, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Stańczykiewicz
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5 Street, 51-618, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Liśkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26 Street, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1 Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Özkorumak Karagüzel E, Kural BV, Tiryaki A, Keleş Altun İ, Özer SY, Civil Arslan F. Blood levels of agouti-related peptide (AgRP), obestatin, corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), and cortisol in patients with bipolar disorder (BD): a case–control study. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1487649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Birgül Vanizor Kural
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tiryaki
- Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul Aydın University, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Serap Yaman Özer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Filiz Civil Arslan
- Department of Psychiatry, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
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Andersson-Hall U, Svedin P, Andreasson U, Gren M, Ingemansson A, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Pelanis A, Mallard C, Holmäng A. Central and peripheral leptin and agouti-related protein during and after pregnancy in relation to weight change. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018; 88:263-271. [PMID: 29154467 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study changes of neuropeptides and adipokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from pregnancy to postpregnancy in relation to weight changes, fat mass and glucose metabolism. CONTEXT With high postpartum weight retention being a risk factor in future pregnancies and of lifelong obesity, we evaluated neuropeptide and adipokine changes in women who either gained weight or were weight stable. DESIGN Women were followed for 5 ± 1 years after pregnancy and divided into two groups, weight stable and weight gain, by weight change from start of pregnancy. PATIENTS Twenty-five women (BMI 27 ± 5 kg/m2 ) recruited at admission for elective caesarean section. MEASUREMENTS CSF and serum levels of agouti-related protein (AgRP), leptin and insulin, and serum levels of adiponectin and soluble leptin receptor were measured during and after pregnancy. These measurements were further related to fat mass and insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR). RESULTS S-AgRP levels during pregnancy were lower in the weight stable group and a 1 unit increase in s-AgRP was associated with 24% higher odds of pertaining to the weight gain group. After pregnancy, s-AgRP increased in the weight stable group but decreased in the weight gain group. Decreased transport of leptin into CSF during pregnancy was reversed by an increased CSF:serum leptin ratio after pregnancy. In women who returned to their prepregnancy weight, serum adiponectin increased after pregnancy and correlated negatively with HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION S-AgRP concentration in late pregnancy may be one factor predicting weight change after pregnancy, and circulating AgRP may be physiologically important in the long-term regulation of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gren
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ameli Ingemansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Aurimantas Pelanis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Parlak N, Görgülü Y, Köse Çinar R, Sönmez MB, Parlak E. Serum agouti-related protein (AgRP) levels in bipolar disorder: Could AgRP be a state marker for mania? Psychiatry Res 2018; 260:36-40. [PMID: 29172096 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides, especially agouti-related protein (AgRP) and leptin, play important roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis in bipolar disorder. AgRP regulates energy metabolism by increasing appetite and decreasing energy expenditure. The resting energy expenditures of patients with manic bipolar disorder are higher than those of controls. Due to the effects of AgRP on energy expenditure and the increased physical activity of manic patients, we hypothesised that serum AgRP levels may be lower in manic patients than in euthymic patients and controls. There was a total of 112 participants, including 47 patients in the manic group, 35 patients in the euthymic group and 30 healthy controls. For this study, serum AgRP, leptin, cholesterol, and cortisol levels were measured and compared between the groups. The serum AgRP, leptin, and cholesterol levels were significantly different between the groups. The serum AgRP levels of manic group were significantly lower than those of euthymic and control groups. The lower serum AgRP levels of manic patients could be indicators of impaired energy homeostasis during manic episodes. Since the serum AgRP levels of manic patients are lower than those of euthymic patients and controls, AgRP could be a state marker for manic episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naci Parlak
- Department of Psychiatry, Izzet Baysal Mental Health and Disease Training and Research Hospital, Bolu 14030, Turkey.
| | - Yasemin Görgülü
- Department of Psychiatry, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne 22030, Turkey.
| | - Rugül Köse Çinar
- Department of Psychiatry, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne 22030, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Bülent Sönmez
- Department of Psychiatry, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne 22030, Turkey.
| | - Ebru Parlak
- Department of Psychiatry, Izzet Baysal Mental Health and Disease Training and Research Hospital, Bolu 14030, Turkey.
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Margulska A, Kozłowska E, Wysokiński A. Effect of clozapine dose and concentration on fasting concentration of appetite regulating peptides. Psychiatry Res 2018; 260:473-477. [PMID: 29275180 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze whether clozapine serum concentration may affect fasting serum levels of several appetite regulating peptides: CART, PYY(1-36), NPY, AgRP, des-acylated ghrelin, leptin and obestatin. Serum concentration of clozapine and fasting serum levels of des-acylated ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related protein (AgRP), peptide YY (PYY(1-36)), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), leptin and obestatin were measured in 30 subjects with schizophrenia on clozapine monotherapy. Leptin concentration was negatively correlated with clozapine dose (r = -0.53, p = 0.002), while NPY concentration was negatively correlated with clozapine concentration (r = -0.55, p = 0.01). Correlations with other peptides were not significant. We cannot conclude that serum concentration of clozapine is directly associated with increased or decreased level of appetite-regulating peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Margulska
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, ul.Czechosłowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Adam Wysokiński
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, ul.Czechosłowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
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Gustavsson C, Andersson Hall U, Pelanis A, Karlsson OI, Andersson L, Svedin P, Mallard C, Myntti A, Andreasson U, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Holmäng A. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of insulin, leptin, and agouti-related protein in relation to BMI in pregnant women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1299-304. [PMID: 27130070 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During pregnancy, metabolic interactions must be adapted, though neuroendocrine mechanisms for increased food intake are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to characterize differences in insulin, leptin, and agouti-related protein (AgRP) levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in pregnant women with normal weight (NW) and pregnant women with overweight (OW) or obesity (OB). Placenta as a source for increased peripheral AgRP levels during pregnancy was also investigated. METHODS Women were recruited at admission for elective cesarean section. Insulin, AgRP, and leptin were measured in serum and CSF from 30 NW, 25 OW, and 21 OB at term. Serum during pregnancy and placenta at term were collected for further AgRP analysis. RESULTS Immunohistology showed placental production of AgRP and serum AgRP levels increased throughout pregnancy. CSF AgRP, leptin, and insulin levels were higher in OW and OB than NW. Serum leptin and insulin levels were higher and AgRP lower in OB than NW. CONCLUSIONS High serum AgRP levels might protect from the suppressive effects of leptin during pregnancy. Pregnant women with OB and OW might further be protected from the suppressive effect of leptin by high CSF AgRP levels. Evidence was found, for the first time, of human placental AgRP production mirrored by levels in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gustavsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Andersson Hall
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aurimantas Pelanis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ove I Karlsson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Andersson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Myntti
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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