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Huang Y, Liu F, Lai J, Jiang S, Tan X, Chen L, Xu Y, Xiong X, Deng Y. The adjuvant treatment role of ω-3 fatty acids by regulating gut microbiota positively in the acne vulgaris. J DERMATOL TREAT 2024; 35:2299107. [PMID: 38164791 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2299107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Objectives:We aimed to explore the potential role of omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids on acne vulgaris by modulating gut microbiota.Materials and Methods:We randomly divided the untreated acne patients into two groups with or without ω-3 fatty acids intervention for 12 weeks. The Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with acne model were given isotretinoin, ω-3 fatty acids or their combination respectively. Then the colonic contents samples of the drug intervention SD rats were transferred to the pseudo sterile rats with acne model. The severity of the disease was assessed by the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) score of the patients, and the swelling rate of auricle and the pathological section of the rat with acne model. The 16S rDNA gene sequencing was performed to detect the alteration of the gut microbiota.Results:ω-3 fatty acids could increase the diversity of the gut microbiota and regulate the flora structure positively both in the patients and rats, increase the abundance of butyric acid producing bacteria and GAGS score in the patients, and alleviate the inflammation and comedones of rats.Conclusion:Supplementation of ω-3 fatty acids could alleviate the inflammation of acne vulgaris by increasing the abundance of butyric acid producing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Huang
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuming Liu
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jindong Lai
- Department of Dermatology, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyu Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Tan
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingna Chen
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongqiong Deng
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Sanchez C, Colson C, Gautier N, Noser P, Salvi J, Villet M, Fleuriot L, Peltier C, Schlich P, Brau F, Sharif A, Altintas A, Amri EZ, Nahon JL, Blondeau N, Benani A, Barrès R, Rovère C. Dietary fatty acid composition drives neuroinflammation and impaired behavior in obesity. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:330-346. [PMID: 38309640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrient composition in obesogenic diets may influence the severity of disorders associated with obesity such as insulin-resistance and chronic inflammation. Here we hypothesized that obesogenic diets rich in fat and varying in fatty acid composition, particularly in omega 6 (ω6) to omega 3 (ω3) ratio, have various effects on energy metabolism, neuroinflammation and behavior. Mice were fed either a control diet or a high fat diet (HFD) containing either low (LO), medium (ME) or high (HI) ω6/ω3 ratio. Mice from the HFD-LO group consumed less calories and exhibited less body weight gain compared to other HFD groups. Both HFD-ME and HFD-HI impaired glucose metabolism while HFD-LO partly prevented insulin intolerance and was associated with normal leptin levels despite higher subcutaneous and perigonadal adiposity. Only HFD-HI increased anxiety and impaired spatial memory, together with increased inflammation in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Our results show that impaired glucose metabolism and neuroinflammation are uncoupled, and support that diets with a high ω6/ω3 ratio are associated with neuroinflammation and the behavioral deterioration coupled with the consumption of diets rich in fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Sanchez
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, France
| | - Cécilia Colson
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Biologie de Valrose, CNRS, INSERM, France
| | - Nadine Gautier
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Biologie de Valrose, CNRS, INSERM, France
| | - Pascal Noser
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juliette Salvi
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAe, France
| | - Maxime Villet
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, France
| | - Lucile Fleuriot
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, France
| | - Caroline Peltier
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAe, France
| | - Pascal Schlich
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAe, France
| | - Frédéric Brau
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, France
| | - Ariane Sharif
- Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille France
| | - Ali Altintas
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ez-Zoubir Amri
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Biologie de Valrose, CNRS, INSERM, France
| | - Jean-Louis Nahon
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, France
| | - Nicolas Blondeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, France
| | - Alexandre Benani
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAe, France
| | - Romain Barrès
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, France; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carole Rovère
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, France.
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González LPF, Rodrigues FDS, Jantsch J, Fraga GDF, Squizani S, Castro LFDS, Correia LL, Neto JP, Giovenardi M, Porawski M, Guedes RP. Effects of omega-3 supplementation on anxiety-like behaviors and neuroinflammation in Wistar rats following cafeteria diet-induced obesity. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:172-183. [PMID: 36657165 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2168229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTObjetives: Omega-3 (n3) fatty acids have been studied as an option to alleviate the harmful effects of obesity. However, its role in obesity-related behavioral changes is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of n3 on behavior and neuroinflammation in obese animals. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control diet (CT), CT+n3, cafeteria diet (CAF), and CAF+n3. Diet was administered for 13 weeks, and n3 was supplemented during the last 5 weeks. Metabolic and biochemical parameters were evaluated, as well as anxiety-like behaviors. Immunoblots were conducted in the animals' cerebral cortex and hippocampus to assess changes in neuroinflammatory markers.Results: CAF-fed animals showed higher weight gain, visceral adiposity, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin levels, and n3 improved the lipid profile and restored insulin sensitivity. CAF-fed rats showed anxiety-like behaviors in the open field and light-dark box tasks but not in the contextual aversive conditioning. Omega-3 did not exert any effect on these behaviors. Regarding neuroinflammation, diet and supplementation acted in a region-specific manner. In the hippocampus, CAF reduced claudin-5 expression with no effect of n3, indicating a brain-blood barrier disruption following CAF. Furthermore, in the hippocampus, the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) were reduced in treated obese animals. However, n3 could not reverse the TLR-4 expression increase in the cerebral cortex.Discussion: Although n3 may protect against some neuroinflammatory manifestations in the hippocampus, it does not seem sufficient to reverse the increase in anxiolytic manifestations caused by CAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Paola Facciola González
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda da Silva Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Jantsch
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Farias Fraga
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Samia Squizani
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Dos Santos Castro
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lídia Luz Correia
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Pereira Neto
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Márcia Giovenardi
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marilene Porawski
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Jannat K, Balakrishnan R, Han JH, Yu YJ, Kim GW, Choi DK. The Neuropharmacological Evaluation of Seaweed: A Potential Therapeutic Source. Cells 2023; 12:2652. [PMID: 37998387 PMCID: PMC10670678 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), are the seventh leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. Clinical observations of NDD patients are characterized by a progressive loss of neurons in the brain along with memory decline. The common pathological hallmarks of NDDs include oxidative stress, the dysregulation of calcium, protein aggregation, a defective protein clearance system, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and damage to cholinergic neurons. Therefore, managing this pathology requires screening drugs with different pathological targets, and suitable drugs for slowing the progression or prevention of NDDs remain to be discovered. Among the pharmacological strategies used to manage NDDs, natural drugs represent a promising therapeutic strategy. This review discusses the neuroprotective potential of seaweed and its bioactive compounds, and safety issues, which may provide several beneficial insights that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoshnur Jannat
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.J.); (J.-H.H.); (Y.-J.Y.); (G.-W.K.)
| | - Rengasamy Balakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun-Hyuk Han
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.J.); (J.-H.H.); (Y.-J.Y.); (G.-W.K.)
| | - Ye-Ji Yu
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.J.); (J.-H.H.); (Y.-J.Y.); (G.-W.K.)
| | - Ga-Won Kim
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.J.); (J.-H.H.); (Y.-J.Y.); (G.-W.K.)
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.J.); (J.-H.H.); (Y.-J.Y.); (G.-W.K.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea;
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Jantsch J, Rodrigues FDS, Fraga GDF, Eller S, Silveira AK, Moreira JCF, Giovernardi M, Guedes RP. Calorie restriction mitigates metabolic, behavioral and neurochemical effects of cafeteria diet in aged male rats. J Nutr Biochem 2023:109371. [PMID: 37169228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Besides metabolic dysfunctions, elderly individuals with obesity are at special risk of developing cognitive decline and psychiatric disturbances. Restricted calorie consumption could be an efficient strategy to improve metabolic function after obesity. However, its effects on anxiety-like behaviors in aged rats submitted to an obesogenic diet are unknown. For this purpose, 42 Wistar rats (18-months old) were divided into four groups: Control (CT), calorie restriction (CR), cafeteria diet (CAF), and CAF+CR (CAF/CR). CT, CR, and CAF groups received the diets for 8 weeks. CAF/CR group was submitted to the CAF menu for 7 weeks and then switched to a standard diet on a CR regimen, receiving 30% lower calories than consumed by the CT, for another 5 weeks. CAF's menu consisted of ultra-processed foods such as cookies, chocolate, sausage, and bologna. Body weight, visceral adiposity, and biochemical blood analysis were evaluated for obesity diagnosis. The profile of gut microbiota was investigated, along with circulating levels of LPS. Neurochemical parameters, such as neurotransmitter levels, were dosed. Anxiety-like behaviors were accessed using open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. As expected, CR reduced weight gain and improved glucose homeostasis. Gut microbiome disturbance was found in CAF-fed animals accompanied by increased levels of LPS. However, CR after CAF mitigated several harmful responses. The obesogenic diet triggered anxiety-like manifestations in the OF and EPM tests that were not evidenced in the CAF/CR group. These findings indicate that CR can be a promising strategy for the neurological effects of obesity in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson Jantsch
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Fernanda da Silva Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Farias Fraga
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Sarah Eller
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Kleber Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Márcia Giovernardi
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
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Elbandy M. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Marine Bioactive Compounds and Their Potential as Functional Food Ingredients in the Prevention and Treatment of Neuroinflammatory Disorders. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010002. [PMID: 36615197 PMCID: PMC9822486 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Functional foods include enhanced, enriched, fortified, or whole foods that impart health benefits beyond their nutritional value, particularly when consumed as part of a varied diet on a regular basis at effective levels. Marine sources can serve as the sources of various healthy foods and numerous functional food ingredients with biological effects can be derived from these sources. Microalgae, macroalgae, crustaceans, fungi, bacteria fish, and fish by-products are the most common marine sources that can provide many potential functional food ingredients including phenolic compounds, proteins and peptides, and polysaccharides. Neuroinflammation is closely linked with the initiation and progression of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Activation of astrocytes and microglia is a defense mechanism of the brain to counter damaged tissues and detrimental pathogens, wherein their chronic activation triggers neuroinflammation that can further exacerbate or induce neurodegeneration. Currently, available therapeutic agents only provide symptomatic relief from these disorders and no therapies are available to stop or slow down the advancement of neurodegeneration. Thereffore, natural compounds that can exert a protective effect against these disorders have therapeutic potential. Numerous chemical compounds, including bioactive peptides, fatty acids, pigments, alkaloids, and polysaccharides, have already been isolated from marine sources that show anti-inflammatory properties, which can be effective in the treatment and prevention of neuroinflammatory disorders. The anti-inflammatory potential of marine-derived compounds as functional food ingredients in the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders is covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elbandy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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DHA/EPA supplementation decreases anxiety-like behaviour, but it does not ameliorate metabolic profile in obese male rats. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:964-974. [PMID: 34605386 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem that predisposes to several diseases and higher mortality in patients with COVID-19. Obesity also generates neuroinflammation, which predisposes to the development of neuropsychiatric diseases. Since there is a lack of effective treatments for obesity, the search for new strategies to reverse its consequences is urgent. In this perspective, the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA/EPA might reduce the harmful effects of obesity. Here, we used the cafeteria diet (CAF) model to induce obesity in Wistar rats. Animals received ultra-processed food for 20 weeks, and DHA/EPA supplementation (500 mg/kg per d) was performed between the 16th and the 20th week. At the end of the experiment, it was evaluated: body weight, visceral fat deposition, plasma glucose, insulin and triglycerides, and it was also measured the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma and liver, and TNF-α in the prefrontal cortex. The elevated plus maze test was performed to analyse anxiety-like behaviour. Our results demonstrated that DHA/EPA could not reverse weight and fat gain and did not modify plasma dosages. However, there was a decrease in IL-6 in the liver (DHA/EPA effect: P = 0.023) and TNF-α in the brain (CAF compared with CAF + DHA/EPA, P < 0.05). Also, there was a decrease in the anxiety index in CAF + DHA/EPA compared with the CAF group (P < 0.01). Thus, DHA/EPA supplementation is helpful to reverse the consequences of obesity in the brain.
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Feijó GDS, Jantsch J, Correia LL, Eller S, Furtado-Filho OV, Giovenardi M, Porawski M, Braganhol E, Guedes RP. Neuroinflammatory responses following zinc or branched-chain amino acids supplementation in obese rats. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1875-1886. [PMID: 35556196 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators, characteristic of obesity, leads to neuroinflammation. Zinc (Zn) and the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are supplements known for their immunomodulatory properties. Our goal was to evaluate if Zn or BCAA supplementation can affect long-term recognition memory and neuroinflammatory parameters of obese rats after a high-fat diet (HFD). Three-month-old Wistar rats were divided into six groups: Standard diet (SD) + vehicle; SD + Zn; SD + BCAA; High-fat diet (HFD) + vehicle; HFD + Zn; and HFD + BCAA. Diets were administrated for 19 weeks, Zn (1,2 mg/kg/day) or BCAA (750 mg/kg/day) supplementation was conducted in the last 4 weeks. Long-term recognition memory was evaluated by the novel object recognition test. IL-1β immunoreactivity in the cortex and hippocampus, and IL-6 levels in the cortex tissue were assessed. Astrogliosis were evaluated through GFAP + cell count and morphological analysis (Sholl Method). Zn supplementation improved object recognition memory in HFD-fed rats, which was not observed following BCAA supplementation. The levels of IL-6 in the cerebral cortex were higher after HFD, which was not diminished after neither supplementation. Obesity also led to increased IL-1β immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, which was reduced by Zn. BCAA supplementation also diminished IL-1β immunoreactivity, but only in the hippocampus. We also showed that astrocyte reactivity caused by HFD is area-dependent, being the cerebral cortex more susceptible to the diet. Even though BCAA and Zn can affect IL-1β immunoreactivity and astrocyte morphology, only Zn improved memory. Future studies are needed to clarify the pathways by which Zn improves cognition in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Dos Santos Feijó
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Jantsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lidia Luz Correia
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Sarah Eller
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Orlando Vieira Furtado-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Márcia Giovenardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite 245, 308 C, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Marilene Porawski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite 245, 308 C, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite 245, 308 C, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
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Rocha-Gomes A, Teixeira AE, Santiago CMO, Oliveira DGD, Silva AAD, Lacerda ACR, Riul TR, Mendonça VA, Rocha-Vieira E, Leite HR. Prenatal LPS exposure increases hippocampus IL-10 and prevents short-term memory loss in the male adolescent offspring of high-fat diet fed dams. Physiol Behav 2022; 243:113628. [PMID: 34695488 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerance can reduce the neuroinflammation caused by high fat maternal diets; however, there are no reports that have evaluated the effects of prenatal LPS exposure on the memories of the offspring of high-fat diet fed dams. This study evaluated the effects of prenatal LPS exposure on the inflammatory parameters and redox status in the brain, as well as the object recognition memory of adolescent offspring of Wistar rat dams that were treated with a high-fat diet during gestation and lactation. Female pregnant Wistar rats randomly received a standard diet (17.5% fat) or a high-fat diet (45.0% fat) during gestation and lactation. On gestation days 8, 10, and 12, half of the females in each group were intraperitoneally treated with LPS (0.1 mg.kg-1). After weaning, the male offspring were placed in cages in standard conditions, and at 6 weeks old, animals underwent the novel object recognition test (for short- and long-term memory). The offspring of the high-fat diet fed dams showed increased hippocampus IL-6 levels (21-days-old) and impaired short-term memories. These effects were avoided in the offspring of high-fat diet fed dams submitted to prenatal LPS exposure, which showed greater hippocampus IL-10 levels (at 21- and 50-days-old), increased antioxidant activity (50-days-old) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, without memory impairments (short- and long-term memory). IL-6 has been consistently implicated in memory deficits and as an endogenous mechanism for limiting plasticity, while IL-10 regulates glial activation and has a strong association with improvements in cognitive function. Prenatal LPS exposure preventing the increase of IL-6 in the hippocampus and the impairment to short-term object recognition memory caused by the high-fat maternal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Rocha-Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000 Brasil; Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex - Departamento de Nutrição. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.
| | - Amanda Escobar Teixeira
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex - Departamento de Nutrição. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - Camilla Mainy Oliveira Santiago
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex - Departamento de Nutrição. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - Dalila Gomes de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex - Departamento de Nutrição. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Alves da Silva
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex - Departamento de Nutrição. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000 Brasil
| | - Tania Regina Riul
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex - Departamento de Nutrição. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000 Brasil
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000 Brasil
| | - Hércules Ribeiro Leite
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000 Brasil; Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901 Brasil.
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10
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de Fraga LS, Tassinari ID, Jantsch J, Guedes RP, Bambini-Junior V. 'A picture is worth a thousand words': The use of microscopy for imaging neuroinflammation. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 206:325-345. [PMID: 34596237 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first studies of the nervous system by the Nobel laureates Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramon y Cajal using simple dyes and conventional light microscopes, microscopy has come a long way to the most recent techniques that make it possible to perform images in live cells and animals in health and disease. Many pathological conditions of the central nervous system have already been linked to inflammatory responses. In this scenario, several available markers and techniques can help imaging and unveil the neuroinflammatory process. Moreover, microscopy imaging techniques have become even more necessary to validate the large quantity of data generated in the era of 'omics'. This review aims to highlight how to assess neuroinflammation by using microscopy as a tool to provide specific details about the cell's architecture during neuroinflammatory conditions. First, we describe specific markers that have been used in light microscopy studies and that are widely applied to unravel and describe neuroinflammatory mechanisms in distinct conditions. Then, we discuss some important methodologies that facilitate the imaging of these markers, such as immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques. Emphasis will be given to studies using two-photon microscopy, an approach that revolutionized the real-time assessment of neuroinflammatory processes. Finally, some studies integrating omics with microscopy will be presented. The fusion of these techniques is developing, but the high amount of data generated from these applications will certainly improve comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Stürmer de Fraga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isadora D'Ávila Tassinari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Jantsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Victorio Bambini-Junior
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire (UCLan), Preston, UK
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11
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Jabri MA, Rtibi K, Sebai H. Chamomile decoction mitigates high fat diet-induced anxiety-like behavior, neuroinflammation and cerebral ROS overload. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:1350-1361. [PMID: 33314994 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1859727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An abundant literature suggests that obesity-associated with taking a high fat diet is related to an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. However, metabolic disorders may be involved in the induction of the anxiogenic-like symptoms. The current study was designed to elucidate the mechanisms by which a high fat diet (HFD) can cause several complications in the WISTAR rats (Rattus norvegicus) brain. Oxidative stress and inflammation as well as the putative protection afforded by chamomile decoction extract (CDE) were also studied.The results demonstrated that the increased body and brain weight, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities as well as hypercholezterolaemia in response to HFD taking were correlated with anxiogenic-like symptoms. Moreover, HFD feed caused a brain oxidative stress characterized by increased lipoperoxidation, inhibition of antioxidant enzyme activities such as SOD, CAT and GPx, depletion of a non-enzymatic antioxidant such as sulfhydryl groups and GSH. Importantly, the results also show that HFD also provoked a cerebral overload in reactive oxygen species such as OH•, H2O2 and O2∙- as well as brain inflammation assessed by the overproduction of cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6.Interestingly, all neurobehavioral changes and all the biochemical and molecular disturbances were abolished in HFD-fed rats treated with CDE.Our results provide clear evidence that obesity and depression as well as anxiety are finely correlated and that M. recutita's decoction may prove to be a potential therapeutic agent to mitigate the behavioral disorders, the biochemical alterations and the neuroinflammation associated to the obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Amine Jabri
- Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources - Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Kaïs Rtibi
- Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources - Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources - Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
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12
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Naneix F, Bakoyiannis I, Santoyo-Zedillo M, Bosch-Bouju C, Pacheco-Lopez G, Coutureau E, Ferreira G. Chemogenetic silencing of hippocampus and amygdala reveals a double dissociation in periadolescent obesogenic diet-induced memory alterations. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 178:107354. [PMID: 33276069 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In addition to numerous metabolic comorbidities, obesity is associated with several adverse neurobiological outcomes, especially learning and memory alterations. Obesity prevalence is rising dramatically in youth and is persisting in adulthood. This is especially worrying since adolescence is a crucial period for the maturation of certain brain regions playing a central role in memory processes such as the hippocampus and the amygdala. We previously showed that periadolescent, but not adult, exposure to obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) had opposite effects on hippocampus- and amygdala-dependent memory, impairing the former and enhancing the latter. However, the causal role of these two brain regions in periadolescent HFD-induced memory alterations remains unclear. Here, we first showed that periadolescent HFD induced long-term, but not short-term, object recognition memory deficits, specifically when rats were exposed to a novel context. Using chemogenetic approaches to inhibit targeted brain regions, we then demonstrated that recognition memory deficits are dependent on the activity of the ventral hippocampus, but not the basolateral amygdala. On the contrary, the HFD- induced enhancement of conditioned odor aversion specifically requires amygdala activity. Taken together, these findings suggest that HFD consumption throughout adolescence impairs long-term object recognition memory through alterations of ventral hippocampal activity during memory acquisition. Moreover, these results further highlight the bidirectional effects of adolescent HFD on hippocampal and amygdala functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Naneix
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Ioannis Bakoyiannis
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marianela Santoyo-Zedillo
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077, Bordeaux, France; Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Mexico
| | | | - Gustavo Pacheco-Lopez
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Mexico
| | | | - Guillaume Ferreira
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077, Bordeaux, France.
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13
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Bondan EF, Cardoso CV, Martins MDFM, Otton R. Memory impairments and increased GFAP expression in hippocampal astrocytes following hypercaloric diet in rats. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2019; 77:601-608. [DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20190091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: Hypothalamic inflammation and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) overexpression in astrocytes are well described in obese animals, as are some cognitive and memory deficits. As the hippocampus plays important roles in the consolidation of information, this investigation aimed to observe the memory function and the astrocyte expression of GFAP in the hippocampus of rats that received either a hypercaloric or a normocaloric diet. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats received a high-fat (cafeteria) or a standard diet for 60 days. On the 61st day, the rats were submitted to the novel object recognition (NOR) test at three and 24 hours after the first contact with objects, to assess short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Thereafter, the rats were euthanized and their brains were collected for GFAP immunohistochemical investigation in the hippocampus (CA1, CA2, CA3 areas) and hypothalamus (periventricular and arcuate nuclei). Astrocytic reactivity was assessed by morphometry. Different white adipose tissue depots and brown adipose tissue were weighed to calculate the adiposity index. Results: The hypercaloric diet increased body weight gain, adiposity index, white adipose tissue weight (epididymal, subcutaneous and retroperitoneal) and brown adipose tissue weight. Rats fed with the hypercaloric diet showed short-term and long-term memory impairments in the NOR test, as well as increased GFAP expression in astrocytes from all analyzed hypothalamic and hippocampal areas. Conclusion: This astrogliosis suggests that the neuroinflammatory response also occurs in the hippocampus and may be involved in the memory losses observed in obese/overweight animals.
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14
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Andraka JM, Sharma N, Marchalant Y. Can krill oil be of use for counteracting neuroinflammatory processes induced by high fat diet and aging? Neurosci Res 2019; 157:1-14. [PMID: 31445058 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Most neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, demonstrate preceding or on-going inflammatory processes. Therefore, discovering effective means of counteracting detrimental inflammatory mediators in the brain could help alter aging-related disease onset and progression. Fish oil and marine-derived omega-3, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3) have shown promising anti-inflammatory effects both systemically and centrally. More specifically, krill oil (KO), extracted from small Antarctic crustaceans, is an alternative type of LC n-3 with reported health benefits including improvement of spatial memory and learning, memory loss, systemic inflammation and depression symptoms. Similar to the more widely studied fish oil, KO contains the long chain fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) which are essential for basic brain functions. Moreover, the phospholipid bound nature of fatty acids found in KO improves bioavailability and efficiency of absorption, thus supporting the belief that KO may offer a superior method of dietary n-3 delivery. Finally, KO contains astaxanthin, an antioxidant capable of reducing potentially excessive oxidative stress and inflammation within the brain. This review will discuss the potential benefits of KO over other marine-based LC n-3 on brain inflammation and cognitive function in the context of high fat diets and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Andraka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Central Michigan University, MI, USA; Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, MI, USA
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, MI, USA; School of Health Sciences, Central Michigan University, MI, USA
| | - Yannick Marchalant
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, MI, USA; Psychology Department, Central Michigan University, MI, USA.
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15
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Saxena S, Lai IK, Li R, Maze M. Neuroinflammation is a putative target for the prevention and treatment of perioperative neurocognitive disorders. Br Med Bull 2019; 130:125-135. [PMID: 31049563 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The demographics of aging of the surgical population has increased the risk for perioperative neurocognitive disorders in which trauma-induced neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role. SOURCES OF DATA After determining the scope of the review, the authors used PubMed with select phrases encompassing the words in the scope. Both preclinical and clinical reports were considered. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Neuroinflammation is a sine qua non for development of perioperative neurocognitive disorders. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY What is the best method for ameliorating trauma-induced neuroinflammation while preserving inflammation-based wound healing. GROWING POINTS This review considers how to prepare for and manage the vulnerable elderly surgical patient through the entire spectrum, from preoperative assessment to postoperative period. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH What are the most effective and safest interventions for preventing and/or reversing Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saxena
- Department of Anesthesia, CHU-Charleroi, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium.,Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue Box 1363, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - I K Lai
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue Box 1363, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - R Li
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue Box 1363, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - M Maze
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue Box 1363, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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16
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Akang EN, Dosumu OO, Afolayan OO, Fagoroye AM, Osiagwu DD, Usman IT, Oremosu AA, Akanmu AS. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)-induced hippocampal disorders: Highlights on therapeutic potential of Naringenin and Quercetin. IBRO Rep 2019; 6:137-146. [PMID: 31061913 PMCID: PMC6488719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringenin and Quercetin decrease ROS and potentiate enzymatic antioxidant production in the hippocampus. cART induced marked cytoplasmic shrinkage and several pyknotic nuclei in the dentate gyrus and cornus ammonis region. Naringenin and Quercetin attenuates cART-induced upregulation of monoamine oxidase-B expression in neurons. Naringenin and Quercetin also ameliorates cART-induced spatial memory impairments. Naringenin and Quercetin acted as effective antioxidants in vivo against cART-induced neurotoxicity.
Introduction In spite of the multiple benefits of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on HIV positive patients, prolonged usage has been reported to exacerbate oxidative stress, and induce neurological and cognitive dysfunction, thus, the need to search for an adjuvant therapy to ameliorate the oxidative and improve treatment adherence with better virological outcome. This study aimed at determining the potential therapeutic effects of Quercetin and Naringenin on cART-induced cyto-architectural, neuro-behavioral and immunohistochemical changes in the hippocampus of the adult Wister rats. Materials and Methods The animals were grouped as follows: Control, DMSO, 24 mg/kg cART (Tenovovir 300 mg, Lamivudine 300 mg and Efavirenz 600 mg), 50 mg/kg Naringenin, 50 mg/kg Quercetin, cART + Naringenin, cART + Quercetin were administered orally for 8 weeks. At the end of administration, neurobehavioural test was conducted, animals were euthanized and hippocampus was processed for oxidative stress markers, histology, TNF-α, and Monoamine oxidase-B expression. Results At the end of 8 weeks of administration, 24 mg/kg cART decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased Malondialdehyde (MDA). Whereas, 50 mg/kg quercetin, and 50 mg/kg Naringenin decreased the oxidative stress (increased SOD, CAT, GSH, and reduced MDA) induced by cART (reduced SOD, CAT, GSH, and increased MDA). In addition, hematoxylin and eosin stained hippocampus showed that quercetin and naringenin prevented neurodegenerative changes (marked cytoplasmic shrinkage and several pyknotic nuclei in the dentate gyrus and cornus ammonis regions) in cART-treated rats. Furthermore, immunohistochemical studies revealed that quercetin and naringenin attenuates cART-induced upregulation of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) expression. Likewise, from the Morris water maze neurobehavioral studies, naringenin and quercetin also ameliorated cART-induced memory impairments (initial spatial memory, reversal spatial memory and probe tests). Conclusion This study shows that Naringenin and Quercetin have a good potential in reversing cART-induced hippocampal disorders in Wistar rats.
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Key Words
- CA/Q, 24 mg/kg combination antiretroviral therapy + 50 mg Quercetin
- CAT, catalase
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- HCL, hydrochloric acidE
- Hippocampus
- MAO-B, monoamine oxidase B
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Nar, naringenin
- Naringenin
- Neurodegeneration
- Oxidative stress
- Quer, quercetin
- Quercetin
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- cA/N, 24 mg/kg combination antiretroviral therapy + 50 mg Naringenin
- cART
- cART, combination antiretroviral therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Edidiong N. Akang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Corresponding author.
| | - Olufunke O. Dosumu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olasunmbo O. Afolayan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adeola M. Fagoroye
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Daniel D. Osiagwu
- Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Isilamiyat T. Usman
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ademola A. Oremosu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Alani S. Akanmu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Ogrenim G, Cesur MG, Onal T, Kara M, Sirin FB, Yalcin GD, Inan S. Influence of omega-3 fatty acid on orthodontic tooth movement in rats: A biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical and gene expression study. Orthod Craniofac Res 2018; 22:24-31. [PMID: 30447132 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on orthodontic tooth movement. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION For this study, 56 12-week-old adult male Wistar albino rats from the Animal Laboratory at Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, were used. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 8 each): control group (without any treatment), tooth movement groups (three groups of animals with only tooth movement) and omega groups (three groups of animals with tooth movement and omega-3 administration). Omega-3 fatty acids were administered to the rats systemically during the tooth movement period. On the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after the orthodontic tooth movement, the rats were sacrificed and biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical andgene expression examinations were performed. RESULTS On the 14th experimental day, the amount of tooth movement in the omega groups was significantly lower than the tooth movement groups (P = 0.012). Biochemical experimentsshowed that the omega groups had significantly lower total oxidant levels and higher total antioxidant levels compared to the tooth movement group on the 14th experimental day (P = 0.001). The levels of RANKL, IL-6 and IL-1β in the omega groups were significantly lower than the tooth movement groups on all experimental days (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Systemic administration of omega-3 fatty acids showed antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects and decelerate the orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Ogrenim
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Mine G Cesur
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Tuna Onal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Murat Kara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Fevziye B Sirin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Gizem D Yalcin
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Sevinc Inan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmır Ekonomi University, Izmir, Turkey
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Exposure to an obesogenic diet during adolescence leads to abnormal maturation of neural and behavioral substrates underpinning fear and anxiety. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 70:96-117. [PMID: 29428401 PMCID: PMC7700822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obesity are highly prevalent in adolescents. Emerging findings from our laboratory and others are consistent with the novel hypothesis that obese individuals may be predisposed to developing PTSD. Given that aberrant fear responses are pivotal in the pathogenesis of PTSD, the objective of this study was to determine the impact of an obesogenic Western-like high-fat diet (WD) on neural substrates associated with fear. METHODS Adolescent Lewis rats (n = 72) were fed with either the experimental WD (41.4% kcal from fat) or the control diet. The fear-potentiated startle paradigm was used to determine sustained and phasic fear responses. Diffusion tensor imaging metrics and T2 relaxation times were used to determine the structural integrity of the fear circuitry including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA). RESULTS The rats that consumed the WD exhibited attenuated fear learning and fear extinction. These behavioral impairments were associated with oversaturation of the fear circuitry and astrogliosis. The BLA T2 relaxation times were significantly decreased in the WD rats relative to the controls. We found elevated fractional anisotropy in the mPFC of the rats that consumed the WD. We show that consumption of a WD may lead to long-lasting damage to components of the fear circuitry. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that consumption of an obesogenic diet during adolescence has a profound impact in the maturation of the fear neurocircuitry. The implications of this research are significant as they identify potential biomarkers of risk for psychopathology in the growing obese population.
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