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Yanik T, Katirci E, Simsek M, Korgun ET, Kipmen-Korgun D. Effects of Hyperglycemia on Angiogenesis in Human Placental Endothelial Cells. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2024. [PMID: 38740370 DOI: 10.1055/a-2282-9007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The placenta is a temporary organ that provides communication between the mother and fetus. Maternal diabetes and abnormal placental angiogenesis may be linked. We investigated the angiogenesis mechanism resulting from VEGF and glucose stimulation in PECs obtained from human term placenta. Immunohistochemistry was performed to characterize PECs obtained from human term placenta. D-glucose was added to the medium containing PECs to establish normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions. The expression levels of VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 genes and proteins in PECs from the control and experimental groups were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. With 48-hours incubation, gene expressions increased due to hyperglycemia, while protein levels increased due to the combined effect of VEGF and hyperglycemia. While VEGFR-2 gene expression and protein amounts increased in 24-hours due to the combined effect of VEGF and hyperglycemia, the effect of VEGF stimulation and glucose level on VEGFR-2 decreased in 48-hour incubation with time. VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 genes and proteins were affected by hyperglycemic conditions in PECs. Hyperglycemia occurring in various conditions such as gestational diabetes mellitus and diabetes mellitus may affect VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 genes and proteins of PECs derived from human term placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turkan Yanik
- Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ertan Katirci
- Histology and Embryology, Ahi Evran University Faculty of Medicine, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Simsek
- Obstetrics And Gynaecology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Emin Turkay Korgun
- Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Dijle Kipmen-Korgun
- Department Of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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Fiehn LA, Kunisch E, Saur M, Arango-Ospina M, Merle C, Hagmann S, Stiller A, Hupa L, Kaňková H, Galusková D, Renkawitz T, Boccaccini AR, Westhauser F. A comparative in vitro and in vivo analysis of the impact of copper substitution on the cytocompatibility, osteogenic, and angiogenic properties of a borosilicate bioactive glass. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024. [PMID: 38623001 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The 0106-B1-bioactive glass (BG) composition (in wt %: 37.5 SiO2, 22.6 CaO, 5.9 Na2O, 4.0 P2O5, 12.0 K2O, 5.5 MgO, and 12.5 B2O3) has demonstrated favorable processing properties and promising bone regeneration potential. The present study aimed to evaluate the biological effects of the incorporation of highly pro-angiogenic copper (Cu) in 0106-B1-BG in vitro using human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) as well as its in vivo potential for bone regeneration. CuO was added to 0106-B1-BG in exchange for CaO, resulting in Cu-doped BG compositions containing 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 wt % CuO (composition in wt %: 37.5 SiO2, 21.6/ 20.1/17.6 CaO, 5.9 Na2O, 4.0 P2O5, 12.0 K2O, 5.5 MgO, 12.5 B2O3, and 1.0/ 2.5/ 5.0 CuO). In vitro, the BGs' impact on the viability, proliferation, and growth patterns of BMSCs was evaluated. Analyses of protein secretion, matrix formation, and gene expression were used for the assessment of the BGs' influence on BMSCs regarding osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic stimulation. The presence of Cu improved cytocompatibility, osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenic response when compared with unmodified 0106-B1-BG in vitro. In vivo, a critical-size femoral defect in rats was filled with scaffolds made from BGs. Bone regeneration was evaluated by micro-computed tomography. Histological analysis was performed to assess bone maturation and angiogenesis. In vivo effects regarding defect closure, presence of osteoclastic cells or vascular structures in the defect were not significantly changed by the addition of Cu compared with undoped 0106-B1-BG scaffolds. Hence, while the in vitro properties of the 0106-B1-BG were significantly improved by the incorporation of Cu, further evaluation of the BG composition is necessary to transfer these effects to an in vivo setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Anna Fiehn
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elke Kunisch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Merve Saur
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Merle
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Hagmann
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian Stiller
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Leena Hupa
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Hana Kaňková
- Centre for Functional and Surface Functionalized Glass, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Trenčín, Slovakia
| | - Dagmar Galusková
- Centre for Functional and Surface Functionalized Glass, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Trenčín, Slovakia
| | - Tobias Renkawitz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Westhauser
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Liu J, Wang C, Qiu S, Sun W, Yang G, Yuan L. Toward Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes: Targets, Strategies, and Challenges. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1416-1428. [PMID: 38391247 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes vasculopathy is a significant complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), and early identification and timely intervention can effectively slow the progression. Accumulating studies have shown that diabetes causes vascular complications directly or indirectly through a variety of mechanisms. Direct imaging of the endothelial molecular changes not only identifies the early stage of diabetes vasculopathy but also sheds light on the precise treatment. Targeted ultrasound contrast agent (UCA)-based ultrasound molecular imaging (UMI) can noninvasively detect the expression status of molecular biomarkers overexpressed in the vasculature, thereby being a potential strategy for the diagnosis and treatment response evaluation of DM. Amounts of efforts have been focused on identification of the molecular targets expressed in the vasculature, manufacturing strategies of the targeted UCA, and the clinical translation for the diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in both micro- and macrovasculopathy in DM. This review summarizes the latest research progress on endothelium-targeted UCA and discusses their promising future and challenges in diabetes vasculopathy theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Shuo Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Wenqi Sun
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi 710038, China
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Zhang W, Zhang L, Wen Z, Liang J, Wang Y, Wang Z, Yin Z, Fan L. Clear-cell papillary renal cell tumour: New insights into clinicopathological features and molecular landscape after renaming by 5th WHO classification. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155167. [PMID: 38324963 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clear cell papillary renal cell tumour (CCPRCT) is a kind of renal epithelial cell tumor, and was renamed by the 5th WHO due to its specific epidemiology and clinicopathological characteristics. However, the biological mechanism and molecular basis of CCPRCT still need to be further clarified. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of CCPRCC, and particularly compare it with other more prevalent subtypes of renal cell carcinoma. METHODS 12 cases of CCPRCT were collected for analyzing the clinicopathological characteristics. Then, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was employed to reveal the genetic profiles, followed by comparison with the molecular genetic alterations identified in ccRCC (341) and pRCC (200) datasets obtained from the TCGA database. RESULTS Of the 12 CCPRCT cases, the male-to-female ratio was 4:1 with a mean age of 49.5 years (48.5 ± 10.5) at diagnosis. All patients were diagnosed accidentally during routine physical examinations. All tumors (12/12, 100%)had a solid-cystic appearance with a well-defined fibrous capsule. The median size of the tumors was 3 cm (2.98 ± 1.2). Histologically, the cystic papillary structures were considered to be prominent, lined with cuboidal tumor cells away from basement membrane. The tumor cells were moderately atypia equivalent to grade 1 or grade 2 according to the ISUP nuclear grading system. Typically, the tumor cell diffusely positive for CK7 and CAIX in a "cup-like" pattern. The results of WES revealed recurrent gene alterations (mainly missense mutation) of TTN and FLT in 4 cases (4/12, 33.3%), respectively, of which, the alteration of FLT was not observed in ccRCC and pRCC of the TCGA database. Other gene alterations including POTEC (1 cases), PRADC1 (1 cases), ZZZ3 (1 case) and PTPRZ1 (1 case), etc. Moreover, all of the CCPRCT cases displayed a lower tumor mutation burden (TMB) compared to ccRCC and pRCC with median TMB of 1.04 (range: 1.94 ± 2.74). None of the patients experienced tumor metastasis, recurrence, or tumor-related deaths. CONCLUSION CCPRCT is a renal epithelial cell tumor characterized by specific clinical and pathological features. Our study provides additional evidence supporting the favorable prognosis of CCPRCT. Furthermore, the potential molecular alterations were uncovered by this study in CCPRCT such as the FLT family and TTN. However, due to the limited sample size, larger studies are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine and Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine and Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine and Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine and Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine and Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zhiyong Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Linni Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine and Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Teng L, Sun Y, Teng S, Hui P. Applications of nanomaterials in anti-VEGF treatment for ophthalmic diseases. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:296-306. [PMID: 37850566 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis has been determined to be essential in the occurrence and metastasis of diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), choroidal neovascularization (CNV), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), tumor, etc. However, the clinical use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) drugs is currently limited due to its high cost, potential side effects, and need for repeated injections. In recent years, nanotechnology has shown promising results in inhibiting neovascularization and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inflammatory factors. Some nanomaterials can also act as vehicles for drug delivery, such as lipid nanoparticles and PLGA. The process of angiogenesis and its molecular mechanism are discussed in this article. At the same time, this study aims to systematically review the research progress of nanotechnology and offer more treatment options for neovascularization-related diseases in clinical ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Teng
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yabin Sun
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Siying Teng
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Hui
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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6
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Zayed A, Al-Saedi DA, Mensah EO, Kanwugu ON, Adadi P, Ulber R. Fucoidan's Molecular Targets: A Comprehensive Review of Its Unique and Multiple Targets Accounting for Promising Bioactivities Supported by In Silico Studies. Mar Drugs 2023; 22:29. [PMID: 38248653 PMCID: PMC10820140 DOI: 10.3390/md22010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a class of multifunctional polysaccharides derived from marine organisms. Its unique and diversified physicochemical and chemical properties have qualified them for potential and promising pharmacological uses in human diseases, including inflammation, tumors, immunity disorders, kidney diseases, and diabetes. Physicochemical and chemical properties are the main contributors to these bioactivities. The previous literature has attributed such activities to its ability to target key enzymes and receptors involved in potential disease pathways, either directly or indirectly, where the anionic sulfate ester groups are mainly involved in these interactions. These findings also confirm the advantageous pharmacological uses of sulfated versus non-sulfated polysaccharides. The current review shall highlight the molecular targets of fucoidans, especially enzymes, and the subsequent responses via either the upregulation or downregulation of mediators' expression in various tissue abnormalities. In addition, in silico studies will be applied to support the previous findings and show the significant contributors. The current review may help in understanding the molecular mechanisms of fucoidan. Also, the findings of this review may be utilized in the design of specific oligomers inspired by fucoidan with the purpose of treating life-threatening human diseases effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zayed
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Guish Street (Medical Campus), Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Dalal A. Al-Saedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Emmanuel Ofosu Mensah
- Faculty of Ecotechnology, ITMO University, Lomonosova Street 9, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia;
| | - Osman Nabayire Kanwugu
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 28, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia;
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Parise Adadi
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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7
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Jachowski A, Marcinkowski M, Szydłowski J, Grabarczyk O, Nogaj Z, Marcin Ł, Pławski A, Jagodziński PP, Słowikowski BK. Modern therapies of nonsmall cell lung cancer. J Appl Genet 2023; 64:695-711. [PMID: 37698765 PMCID: PMC10632224 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC), particularly nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is one of the most prevalent types of neoplasia worldwide, regardless of gender, with the highest mortality rates in oncology. Over the years, treatment for NSCLC has evolved from conventional surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy to more tailored and minimally invasive approaches. The use of personalised therapies has increased the expected efficacy of treatment while simultaneously reducing the frequency of severe adverse effects (AEs). In this review, we discuss established modern approaches, including immunotherapy and targeted therapy, as well as experimental molecular methods like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and nanoparticles. These emerging methods offer promising outcomes and shorten the recovery time for various patients. Recent advances in the diagnostic field, including imaging and genetic profiling, have enabled the implementation of these methods. The versatility of these modern therapies allows for multiple treatment options, such as single-agent use, combination with existing conventional treatments, or incorporation into new regimens. As a result, patients can survive even in the advanced stages of NSCLC, leading to increased survival indicators such as overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Jachowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Marcinkowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jakub Szydłowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Oskar Grabarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Nogaj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łaz Marcin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pławski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32 Street, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Piotr Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kazimierz Słowikowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland.
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Romano F, Di Porzio A, Iaccarino N, Riccardi G, Di Lorenzo R, Laneri S, Pagano B, Amato J, Randazzo A. G-quadruplexes in cancer-related gene promoters: from identification to therapeutic targeting. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:745-773. [PMID: 37855085 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2271168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Guanine-rich DNA sequences can fold into four-stranded noncanonical secondary structures called G-quadruplexes (G4s) which are widely distributed in functional regions of the human genome, such as telomeres and gene promoter regions. Compelling evidence suggests their involvement in key genome functions such as gene expression and genome stability. Notably, the abundance of G4-forming sequences near transcription start sites suggests their potential involvement in regulating oncogenes. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of current knowledge on G4s in human oncogene promoters. The most representative G4-binding ligands have also been documented. The objective of this work is to present a comprehensive overview of the most promising targets for the development of novel and highly specific anticancer drugs capable of selectively impacting the expression of individual or a limited number of genes. EXPERT OPINION Modulation of G4 formation by specific ligands has been proposed as a powerful new tool to treat cancer through the control of oncogene expression. Actually, most of G4-binding small molecules seem to simultaneously target a range of gene promoter G4s, potentially influencing several critical driver genes in cancer, thus producing significant therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Porzio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Iaccarino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Sonia Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jussara Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Kunisch E, Fiehn LA, Saur M, Arango-Ospina M, Merle C, Hagmann S, Stiller A, Hupa L, Renkawitz T, Boccaccini AR, Westhauser F. A comparative in vitro and in vivo analysis of the biological properties of the 45S5-, 1393-, and 0106-B1-bioactive glass compositions using human bone marrow-derived stromal cells and a rodent critical size femoral defect model. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213521. [PMID: 37356285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction of the 45S5-bioactive glass (BG), numerous new BG compositions have been developed. Compared to the 45S5-BG, 1393-BG shows favorable processing properties due to its low crystallization tendency and the 1393-BG-based borosilicate 0106-B1-BG exhibits improved angiogenic properties due to its boron content. Despite their close (chemical) relationship, the biological properties of the mentioned BG composition have not yet been comparatively examined. In this study, the effects of the BGs on proliferation, viability, osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenic factor production of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells were assessed. Scaffolds made of the BGs were introduced in a critical-sized femur defect model in rats in order to analyze their impact on bone defect regeneration. In vitro, 1393-BG and 0106-B1-BG outperformed 45S5-BG with regard to cell proliferation and viability. 1393-BG enhanced osteogenic differentiation; 0106-B1-BG promoted angiogenic factor production. In vivo, 0106-B1-BG and 45S5-BG outperformed 1393-BG in terms of angiogenic and osteoclastic response resulting in improved bone regeneration. In conclusion, the biological properties of BGs can be significantly modified by tuning their composition. Demonstrating favorable processing properties and an equally strong in vivo bone regeneration potential as 45S5-BG, 0106-B1-BG qualifies as a basis to incorporate other bioactive ions to improve its biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Kunisch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Linn Anna Fiehn
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Merve Saur
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcela Arango-Ospina
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstraße 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Merle
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; Joint Replacement Centre, Orthopaedic Surgery Paulinenhilfe, Diakonie-Klinikum Stuttgart, Rosenbergstraße 38, 70176 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sébastien Hagmann
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian Stiller
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Leena Hupa
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Tobias Renkawitz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstraße 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Westhauser
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Ferreira I, Oliveira I, Bordon K, Reis M, Wiezel G, Sanchez C, Santos L, Santos-Filho N, Pucca M, Antunes L, Lopes D, Arantes E. Beyond Angiogenesis: The Multitasking Approach of the First PEGylated Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ( CdtVEGF) from Brazilian Rattlesnake Venom. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:483. [PMID: 37624240 PMCID: PMC10467076 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A pioneering study regarding the isolation, biochemical evaluation, functional assays and first PEGylation report of a novel vascular endothelial growth factor from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom (CdtVEGF and PEG-CdtVEGF). CdtVEGF was isolated from crude venom using two different chromatographic steps, representing 2% of soluble venom proteins. Its primary sequence was determined using mass spectrometry analysis, and the molecule demonstrated no affinity to heparin. The Brazilian crotalid antivenom recognized CdtVEGF. Both native and PEGylated CdtVEGF were able to induce new vessel formation and migration, and to increase the metabolic activity of human umbilical endothelial vascular cells (HUVEC), resulting in better wound closure (~50% within 12 h) using the native form. CdtVEGF induced leukocyte recruitment to the peritoneal cavity in mice, with a predominance of neutrophil influx followed by lymphocytes, demonstrating the ability to activate the immune system. The molecule also induced a dose-dependent increase in vascular permeability, and PEG-CdtVEGF showed less in vivo inflammatory activity than CdtVEGF. By unraveling the intricate properties of minor components of snake venom like svVEGF, this study illuminates the indispensable significance of exploring these molecular tools to unveil physiological and pathological processes, elucidates the mechanisms of snakebite envenomings, and could possibly be used to design a therapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Ferreira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Isadora Oliveira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Karla Bordon
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Mouzarllem Reis
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Wiezel
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Sanchez
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Luísa Santos
- Institute Multidisciplinary in Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitoria da Conquista 40110-909, BA, Brazil
| | - Norival Santos-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Manuela Pucca
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara 14800-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Lusânia Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Daiana Lopes
- Institute Multidisciplinary in Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitoria da Conquista 40110-909, BA, Brazil
| | - Eliane Arantes
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
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Anto EO, Ofori Boadu WI, Addai-Mensah O, Wiafe YA, Owiredu WKBA, Obirikorang C, Annani-Akollor ME, Adua E, Appiah M, Opoku S, Acheampong E, Asamoah EA, Owiredu EW, Odame Anto A, Tawiah A, Ankobea F, Afrifa Yamoah E, Coall DA. Association between micronutrients, oxidative stress biomarkers and angiogenic growth mediators in early and late-onset preeclamptic Ghanaian women. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231175759. [PMID: 37324117 PMCID: PMC10262612 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231175759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Micronutrients, especially calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are reported to reduce preeclampsia events via several factors such as endothelial cell control, optimal oxidative stress and a balanced angiogenic growth mediator. We evaluated the association of micronutrients with oxidative stress biomarkers, and angiogenic growth mediators in early-onset preeclampsia and late-onset preeclampsia. Methods This case-control study recruited 197 preeclampsia (early-onset preeclampsia = 70 and late-onset preeclampsia = 127) as cases and 301 normotensive pregnant women as controls from the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Samples were collected after 20 weeks of gestation for both cases and controls and estimated for Ca, Mg, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, soluble endoglin, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, 8-epiprostaglandinF2-alpha and total antioxidant capacity. Results Early-onset preeclampsia women had significantly lower levels of Ca, Mg, placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor-A and total antioxidant capacity but higher levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, soluble endoglin, 8-epiprostaglandinF2-alpha, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor ratio, 8-epiprostaglandinF2-alpha /placental growth factor ratio, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine/placental growth factor ratio and soluble endoglin/placental growth factor ratio than late-onset preeclampsia and normotensive pregnant women (p < 0.0001). Among the early-onset preeclampsia women, the first and second quartile for serum placental growth factor, first quartile for vascular endothelial growth factor-A and total antioxidant capacity and the fourth quartiles for serum sEng, serum sFlt-1, 8-epiPGF2α and 8-OHdG were independently associated with low Ca and Mg (p < 0.05). Among late-onset preeclampsia women, the fourth quartile for soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 was independently associated with low Ca and Mg (p < 0.05). Conclusion Magnesium and calcium are associated with an imbalance in angiogenic growth mediators and oxidative stress biomarkers among preeclampsia women, particularly early-onset preeclampsia. Serial and routine measurement of these micronutrients would allow the monitoring of poor placental angiogenesis while enabling an understanding of the triggers of increased oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Odame Anto
- Department of Medical Diagnostic, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wina Ivy Ofori Boadu
- Department of Medical Diagnostic, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Otchere Addai-Mensah
- Department of Medical Diagnostic, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yaw Amo Wiafe
- Department of Medical Diagnostic, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - William KBA Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Christian Obirikorang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Max Efui Annani-Akollor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Eric Adua
- Rural Clinical School, Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Appiah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Accra Technical University, Accra, Ghana
| | - Stephen Opoku
- Department of Medical Diagnostic, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Acheampong
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Rural Clinical School, Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Evans Adu Asamoah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Eddie-Williams Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Agartha Odame Anto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ho Teaching Hospital, Volta Region, Ho, Ghana
| | - Augustine Tawiah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frank Ankobea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - David Antony Coall
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Tota M, Łacwik J, Laska J, Sędek Ł, Gomułka K. The Role of Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Pathogenesis of Eosinophilic Asthma. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091326. [PMID: 37174726 PMCID: PMC10177218 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic complex pulmonary disease characterized by airway inflammation, remodeling, and hyperresponsiveness. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) are two significant mediators involved in the pathophysiology of asthma. In asthma, VEGF and EDN levels are elevated and correlate with disease severity and airway hyperresponsiveness. Diversity in VEGF polymorphisms results in the variability of responses to glucocorticosteroids and leukotriene antagonist treatment. Targeting VEGF and eosinophils is a promising therapeutic approach for asthma. We identified lichochalcone A, bevacizumab, azithromycin (AZT), vitamin D, diosmetin, epigallocatechin gallate, IGFBP-3, Neovastat (AE-941), endostatin, PEDF, and melatonin as putative add-on drugs in asthma with anti-VEGF properties. Further studies and clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of those drugs. AZT reduces the exacerbation rate and may be considered in adults with persistent symptomatic asthma. However, the long-term effects of AZT on community microbial resistance require further investigation. Vitamin D supplementation may enhance corticosteroid responsiveness. Herein, anti-eosinophil drugs are reviewed. Among them are, e.g., anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab), anti-IL-13 (lebrikizumab and tralokinumab), anti-IL-4 and anti-IL-13 (dupilumab), and anti-IgE (omalizumab) drugs. EDN over peripheral blood eosinophil count is recommended to monitor the asthma control status and to assess the efficacy of anti-IL-5 therapy in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tota
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Julia Łacwik
- Student Scientific Group of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Julia Laska
- Student Scientific Group of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sędek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gomułka
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
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Wu C, Li X, Zhao H, Ling Y, Ying Y, He Y, Zhang S, Liang S, Wei J, Gan X. Resistance exercise promotes the resolution and recanalization of deep venous thrombosis in a mouse model via SIRT1 upregulation. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:18. [PMID: 36639616 PMCID: PMC9837998 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early exercise for acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) improves the patient's symptoms and does not increase the risk of pulmonary embolism. However, information about its effect on thrombus resolution is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of resistance exercise (RE) in thrombus resolution and recanalization and determine its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Ninety-six C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into four groups: Control group (C, n = 24); DVT group (D, n = 24); RE + DVT group (ED, n = 24); and inhibitor + RE + DVT group (IED, n = 24). A DVT model was induced by stenosis of the inferior vena cava (IVC). After undergoing IVC ultrasound within 24 h post-operation to confirm DVT formation, mice without thrombosis were excluded. Other mice were sacrificed and specimens were obtained 14 or 28 days after operation. Thrombus-containing IVC was weighed, and the thrombus area and recanalization rate were calculated using HE staining. Masson's trichrome staining was used to analyze the collagen content. RT-PCR and ELISA were performed to examine IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and VEGF expression levels. SIRT1 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry staining and RT-PCR. VEGF-A protein expression and CD-31-positive microvascular density (MVD) in the thrombus were observed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: RE did not increase the incidence of pulmonary embolism. It reduced the weight and size of the thrombus and the collagen content. Conversely, it increased the recanalization rate. It also decreased the levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α and increased the expression levels of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. RE enhanced VEGF and SIRT1 expression levels and increased the MVD in the thrombosis area. After EX527 (SIRT1 inhibitor) was applied, the positive effects of exercise were suppressed. CONCLUSIONS RE can inhibit inflammatory responses, reduce collagen deposition, and increase angiogenesis in DVT mice, thereby promoting thrombus resolution and recanalization. Its underlying mechanism may be associated with the upregulation of SIRT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijiao Wu
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Huihan Zhao
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Ying Ling
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Yanping Ying
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Yu He
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Medical Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Shaohan Zhang
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Shijing Liang
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Jiani Wei
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Xiao Gan
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
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Mora-Obando D, Lomonte B, Pla D, Guerrero-Vargas JA, Ayerbe-González S, Gutiérrez JM, Sasa M, Calvete JJ. Half a century of research on Bothrops asper venom variation: Biological and biomedical implications. Toxicon 2022; 221:106983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Babkina AS, Yadgarov MY, Ostrova IV, Zakharchenko VE, Kuzovlev AN, Grechko AV, Lyubomudrov MA, Golubev AM. Serum Levels of VEGF-A and Its Receptors in Patients in Different Phases of Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Strokes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4888-4901. [PMID: 36286047 PMCID: PMC9601157 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are important regulators of angiogenesis, neuroprotection, and neurogenesis. Studies have indicated the association of VEGF dysregulation with the development of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. We studied the changes in serum levels of VEGF-A, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 in patients at various phases of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Quantitative assessment of VEGF-A, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 in serum of patients with hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke was performed by enzyme immunoassay in the hyper-acute (1−24 h from the onset), acute (up to 1−7 days), and early subacute (7 days to 3 months) phases of stroke, and then compared with the control group and each other. Results of our retrospective study demonstrated different levels of VEGF-A and its receptors at various phases of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. In ischemic stroke, increased VEGFR-2 level was found in the hyper-acute (p = 0.045) and acute phases (p = 0.024), while elevated VEGF-A and reduced VEGFR-1 levels were revealed in the early subacute phase (p = 0.048 and p = 0.012, respectively). In hemorrhagic stroke, no significant changes in levels of VEGF-A and its receptors were identified in the hyper-acute phase. In the acute and early subacute phases there was an increase in levels of VEGF-A (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively) and VEGFR-2 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.012, respectively). Serum levels of VEGF-A and its receptors in patients with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke indicate different pathogenic pathways depending on the phase of the disease.
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CRISPR-based VEGF suppression using paired guide RNAs for treatment of choroidal neovascularization. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:613-622. [PMID: 35614998 PMCID: PMC9114159 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based genomic disruption of vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa) with a single gRNA suppresses choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in preclinical studies, offering the prospect of long-term anti-angiogenesis therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Genome editing using CRISPR-CRISPR-associated endonucleases (Cas9) with multiple guide RNAs (gRNAs) can enhance gene-ablation efficacy by augmenting insertion-deletion (indel) mutations with gene truncations but may also increase the risk of off-target effects. In this study, we compare the effectiveness of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 systems using single versus paired gRNAs to target two different loci in the Vegfa gene that are conserved in human, rhesus macaque, and mouse. Paired gRNAs increased Vegfa gene-ablation rates in human cells in vitro but did not enhance VEGF suppression in mouse eyes in vivo. Genome editing using paired gRNAs also showed a similar degree of CNV suppression compared with single-gRNA systems. Unbiased genome-wide analysis using genome-wide unbiased identification of double-stranded breaks (DSBs) enabled by sequencing (GUIDE-seq) revealed weak off-target activity arising from the second gRNA. These findings suggest that in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing using two gRNAs may increase gene ablation but also the potential risk of off-target mutations, while the functional benefit of targeting an additional locus in the Vegfa gene as treatment for neovascular retinal conditions is unclear.
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Al Kawas H, Saaid I, Jank P, Westhoff CC, Denkert C, Pross T, Weiler KBS, Karsten MM. How VEGF-A and its splice variants affect breast cancer development - clinical implications. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:227-239. [PMID: 35303290 PMCID: PMC9050780 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered expression levels and structural variations in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been found to play important roles in cancer development and to be associated with the overall survival and therapy response of cancer patients. Particularly VEGF-A and its splice variants have been found to affect physiological and pathological angiogenic processes, including tumor angiogenesis, correlating with tumor progression, mostly caused by overexpression. This review focuses on the expression and impact of VEGF-A splice variants under physiologic conditions and in tumors and, in particular, the distribution and role of isoform VEGF165b in breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Many publications already highlighted the importance of VEGF-A and its splice variants in tumor therapy, especially in breast cancer, which are summarized in this review. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that cytoplasmatic VEGFA/165b expression is higher in invasive breast cancer tumor cells than in normal tissues or stroma. These examples show that the detection of VEGF splice variants can be performed also on the protein level in formalin fixed tissues. Although no quantitative conclusions can be drawn, these results may be the starting point for further studies at a quantitative level, which can be a major step towards the design of targeted antibody-based (breast) cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hivin Al Kawas
- Department of Gynecology with Breast Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inas Saaid
- Department of Gynecology with Breast Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Jank
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Therese Pross
- Department of Gynecology with Breast Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Maria Margarete Karsten
- Department of Gynecology with Breast Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Safak AS, Bulut F, Cumbul A. Histopathological role of vitamin D deficiency in recurrent/chronic tonsillitis pathogenesis: Vascular epithelial growth factor-mediated angiogenesis in tonsil. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:699-706. [PMID: 35213796 PMCID: PMC9209805 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Our aim in this study is to reveal the role of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of recurrent/chronic tonsillitis and to determine the expression of vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF). Material and Methods This study was conducted between September and February. Thirty‐two patients between the ages of 3 and 35 (mean age 9.71) with recurrent episodes of chronic tonsillitis were selected. Patients were divided into four groups according to their 25OHD levels. Patients with 25OHD levels 0–10 ng/ml were determined as Group 1, 11–20 ng/ml Group 2, 21–30 ng/ml Group 3, and 31–50 ng/ml control Group 4. Routine histological tissue sampling was performed for histopathological evaluation of the tonsillar tissues under light microscope (LM). Five micron sections were taken from the paraffin blocks and stained with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) and Trichrome Masson (TCM). VEGF expression was examined immunohistochemically for each group. Results Our analysis showed VEGF expression in all study groups (32 tonsillar tissues). Group 1 and Group 2 histopathological scores were significantly higher than the other groups (p < .001). There were significant differences in VEGF expressions between the four groups (p < .001). 25OHD levels of the patients in Groups 1 and 2 with strong VEGF expression were significantly lower than the other groups (p < .001). Conclusions In conclusion, this study showed an increased angiogenesis in tonsil and an increase in VEGF expression of the tonsillar surface epithelium when blood serum 25OHD levels <20 ng/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse S Safak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, Özel Merkez Prime Hastanesi, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Fuat Bulut
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Private Corlu REYAP Hospital, Istanbul Rumeli University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alev Cumbul
- Histology and Embryology, Istanbul Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Angiogenesis and Functional Vessel Formation Induced by Interstitial Flow and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Using a Microfluidic Chip. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020225. [PMID: 35208349 PMCID: PMC8876009 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis occurs during both physiological and pathological processes. In this study, a microfluidic chip for the development of angiogenesis was utilized to assess angiogenic sprouting and functional vessel formation. We also found that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was a determinant of the initiation of vascular sprouts, while the direction of these sprouts was greatly influenced by interstitial flow. Isoforms of VEGF such as VEGF121, VEGF165, and VEGF189 displayed different angiogenic properties on the chip as assessed by sprout length and number, vessel perfusion, and connectivity. VEGF165 had the highest capacity to induce vascular sprouting among the three isoforms assessed and furthermore, also induced functional vessel formation. This chip could be used to analyze the effect of different angiogenic factors and drugs, as well as to explore the mechanism of angiogenesis induced by such factors.
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Ye X, Gaucher JF, Vidal M, Broussy S. A Structural Overview of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Pharmacological Ligands: From Macromolecules to Designed Peptidomimetics. Molecules 2021; 26:6759. [PMID: 34833851 PMCID: PMC8625919 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of cytokines plays a key role in vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. VEGF-A is the main member of this family, alongside placental growth factor (PlGF), VEGF-B/C/D in mammals, and VEGF-E/F in other organisms. To study the activities of these growth factors under physiological and pathological conditions, resulting in therapeutic applications in cancer and age-related macular degeneration, blocking ligands have been developed. These have mostly been large biomolecules like antibodies. Ligands with high affinities, at least in the nanomolar range, and accurate structural data from X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy have been described. They constitute the main focus of this overview, which evidences similarities and differences in their binding modes. For VEGF-A ligands, and to a limited extent also for PlGF, a transition is now observed towards developing smaller ligands like nanobodies and peptides. These include unnatural amino acids and chemical modifications for designed and improved properties, such as serum stability and greater affinity. However, this review also highlights the scarcity of such small molecular entities and the striking lack of small organic molecule ligands. It also shows the gap between the rather large array of ligands targeting VEGF-A and the general absence of ligands binding other VEGF members, besides some antibodies. Future developments in these directions are expected in the upcoming years, and the study of these growth factors and their promising therapeutic applications will be welcomed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Ye
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, CiTCoM, 8038 CNRS, U 1268 INSERM, 75006 Paris, France; (X.Y.); (M.V.)
| | - Jean-François Gaucher
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN Biologiques, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, CiTCoM, 8038 CNRS, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Michel Vidal
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, CiTCoM, 8038 CNRS, U 1268 INSERM, 75006 Paris, France; (X.Y.); (M.V.)
- Service Biologie du Médicament, Toxicologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Broussy
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, CiTCoM, 8038 CNRS, U 1268 INSERM, 75006 Paris, France; (X.Y.); (M.V.)
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Linton AE, Weekman EM, Wilcock DM. Pathologic sequelae of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia sheds light on potential targets for intervention. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 2:100030. [PMID: 36324710 PMCID: PMC9616287 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2021.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is one of the leading causes of dementia along with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and, importantly, VCID often manifests as a comorbidity of AD(Vemuri and Knopman 2016; Schneider and Bennett 2010)(Vemuri and Knopman 2016; Schneider and Bennett 2010). Despite its common clinical manifestation, the mechanisms underlying VCID disease progression remains elusive. In this review, existing knowledge is used to propose a novel hypothesis linking well-established risk factors of VCID with the distinct neurodegenerative cascades of neuroinflammation and chronic hypoperfusion. It is hypothesized that these two synergistic signaling cascades coalesce to initiate aberrant angiogenesis and induce blood brain barrier breakdown trough a mechanism mediated by vascular growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases respectively. Finally, this review concludes by highlighting several potential therapeutic interventions along this neurodegenerative sequalae providing diverse opportunities for future translational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria E. Linton
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Physiology, Lexington KY 40536, USA
| | - Erica M. Weekman
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Physiology, Lexington KY 40536, USA
| | - Donna M. Wilcock
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Physiology, Lexington KY 40536, USA
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22
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Involvement of Angiogenesis in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Aneurysms. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091269. [PMID: 34572455 PMCID: PMC8469881 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the plasma concentration of pro and antiangiogenic factors and their role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery abnormal dilation (CAAD). We measured the plasma concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), Angiopoietin-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) using a sandwich ELISA technique in the plasma of patients with coronary artery abnormal dilation (CAAD, Group 1), coronary artery disease (CAD, Group 2), and normal coronary arteries (NCA, Group 3). Patients suffering from CAAD showed significantly higher plasma concentrations of VEGF (p = 0.002) than those from the control group. Both pathological angiogenesis and inflammation appear to be crucial in the pathogenesis of aneurysmal dilatation of the coronary arteries.
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Erber B, Baur-Melnyk A, Glaser C, Goller S, Ricke J, Heuck A. Quadriceps fat pad edema in MR imaging: Association with quadriceps tendon alterations in a retrospective analysis. Eur J Radiol 2021; 142:109858. [PMID: 34304031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Edema of the quadriceps fat pad (QFP) in MR imaging has been described as a distinct finding associated with anterior knee pain, its etiology, however, remains under debate. The aim of this study was to investigate a potential relationship between QFP edema, alterations of the quadriceps tendon (QT) and other anterior knee structures. METHOD 800 consecutive, clinically indicated MRI exams of the knee at 3T were retrospectively analyzed for the absence or presence of QFP edema. If present, QFP edema was determined visually by three independent readers and classified into 3 grades (A to C); concomitant alterations of the QT were classified into 5 grades (1 to 5). Furthermore, QT thickness, femoropatellar cartilage degeneration and parameters of patellar instability were determined. 20 MRI studies of healthy individuals served as control group. For statistical analysis Kruskal-Wallis test, one-way ANOVA and Fleiss kappa were used. RESULTS 153 of 800 patients (19%) presented with various degrees of QFP edema. Analysis showed significantly higher grades of QT alterations in patients with intermediate (grade B) and intensive (grade C) QFP edema (p < .001) compared to controls and also significantly different grades of QT alterations in patients with mild and intermediate compared to those with intensive QFP edema (p < .001). Increased mean QT thickness was found in patients with intermediate and intensive QFP edema compared to controls (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that QFP edema shows an association with QT alterations and QT thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Erber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Andrea Baur-Melnyk
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Christian Glaser
- Radiologisches Zentrum München, Pippinger Str. 25, D-81245 Munich, Germany.
| | - Sophia Goller
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Andreas Heuck
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany; Radiologisches Zentrum München, Pippinger Str. 25, D-81245 Munich, Germany.
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24
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Kawano T, Hirano T, Fujinaga M, Kadowaki Y, Matsunaga T, Tateyama K, Kizu Y, Suzuki M. Tumor immune tissue response to a solitary fibrous tumor treated with pazopanib. Clin Case Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Kawano
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Maki Fujinaga
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kadowaki
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsunaga
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Kaori Tateyama
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Yumi Kizu
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Masashi Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
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Effect of Lambda-Cyhalothrin - An Insecticide from the Group of Synthetic Pyrethroids - on the Concentrations of NF-ĸB and VEGFR2 in the Liver of Albino Swiss Mice as Markers of its Damage. POLISH HYPERBARIC RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/phr-2021-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCH) is a one of the type II synthetic pyrethroids which is widely used in veterinary medicine and in agriculture to protect crops from pest insects. In previous studies, there are few reports about the influence of pyrethroids on the liver and its damage. Analyzing numerous publications, nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB) and vascular endothelial growth factor 2 (VEGFR2) seem to be sensitive indicators of microdamages occurring at the cellular level in the liver. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of subacute poisoning with LCH on the concentration of NFĸB and VEGFR2 in the livers.
Methods: The experiment was carried on 32 Albino Swiss mice (16 females and 16 males). The animals were divided into 4 groups. Controls received canola oil, the rest received LCH orally in oil at a dose of 2 mg/kg bw for 7 days. The NF-ĸB and VEGFR2 were mesuredin mice livers with ELISA kits. Results: The mean NF-ĸB concektration in control femals’ livers was 3.27ng/mL and after LCH it was 6.12ng/mL (p<0.05). In control males it was 5.49ng/mL and it did not significantly differ after LCH when it was 5.27ng/mL. The mean VEGFR2 in control females was 84.28ng/mL and after LCH it was 173.81ng/mL (p<0.05). In control males it was 170.61ng/mL and after LCH 170.06ng/mL.
Conclusion:The NF-ĸB and VEGFR2 can be used as markers of liver damage after subacute poisoning with LCH on female mice. Females are more sensitive to LCH than males.
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Snake venom vascular endothelial growth factors (svVEGFs): Unravelling their molecular structure, functions, and research potential. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 60:133-143. [PMID: 34090786 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of angiogenesis, a physiological process characterized by the formation of new vessels from a preexisting endothelium. VEGF has also been implicated in pathologic states, such as neoplasias, intraocular neovascular disorders, among other conditions. VEGFs are distributed in seven different families: VEGF-A, B, C, D, and PIGF (placental growth factor), which are identified in mammals; VEGF-E, which are encountered in viruses; and VEGF-F or svVEGF (snake venom VEGF) described in snake venoms. This is the pioneer review of svVEGF family, exploring its distribution among the snake venoms, molecular structure, main functions, and potential applications.
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Chen Z, Chen K, Li J, Shen J, Xu W. Elevated Levels of Endoglin, Endostatin, FGF-α, HGF, and Thrombospondin-2 in Aqueous Humor of nAMD Patients. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021; 30:1092-1098. [PMID: 33793358 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1869785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: to explore the aqueous cytokine profiles in nAMD patients before and after conbercept therapy.Methods: aqueous levels of 17 cytokines were detected in 20 treatment-naïve nAMD eyes and 20 age- and sex-matched age-related cataract (ARC) eyes. All of the nAMD patients received three intravitreal injections of conbercept. The central macular thickness (CMT) and maximum retinal thickness-3 mm (MRT-3 mm) were measured by SD-OCT. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FA) was used to measure the greatest linear diameter (GLD).Results: Aqueous endoglin, endostatin, FGF-α, HGF, and thrombospondin-2 levels were significantly higher in the nAMD group than those in the ARC group, whether before or after two conbercept injections. In the nAMD group, baseline thrombospondin-2 was positively correlated with GLD. Baseline FGF-α, thrombospondin-2, and VEGF-A were positively correlated with MRT-3 mm. After two conbercept injections, endostatin levels were positively correlated with VEGF-A.Conclusions: Endoglin, endostatin, FGF-α, HGF, and thrombospondin-2 may participate in the pathogenesis of nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Chen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kailin Chen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junhui Shen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wen Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Forte AJ, Boczar D, Huayllani MT, Anastasiadis PZ, McLaughlin SA. Use of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-D As a Targeted Therapy in Lymphedema Treatment: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Lymphat Res Biol 2021; 20:3-6. [PMID: 33739868 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2020.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lymphangiogenic growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D, are subjects of interest in studies of targeted therapies in lymphedema treatment. Methods and Results: We conducted a systematic review assessing the use of VEGF-D as a targeted therapy in lymphedema treatment. We hypothesized that VEGF-D was a promising therapy to induce lymphangiogenesis. Our search yielded 90 studies in the literature, but only 4 articles fulfilled our study eligibility criteria, and they were all experimental studies using viral gene transfer. The majority of the studies were conducted on small animals (mice) and investigated the effects of VEGF-D on lymph node transfer. All authors agreed about VEGF-D's lymphangiogenic potential, but they noticed that VEGF-C induced a superior lymphangiogenesis, and one study noticed that VEGF-D induced seroma. Conclusions: The publications assessing the use of VEGF-D as a targeted therapy in lymphedema treatment were able to demonstrate its lymphangiogenic potential. Nonetheless, further studies are still necessary to investigate VEGF-D's efficacy and safety in lymphedema treatment on patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Forte
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel Boczar
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Maria T Huayllani
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Uusitalo-Kylmälä L, Santo Mendes AC, Polari L, Joensuu K, Heino TJ. An In Vitro Co-Culture Model of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Promotes the Differentiation of Myeloid Angiogenic Cells and Pericyte-Like Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:309-324. [PMID: 33499756 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known to stimulate the survival and growth of endothelial cells (ECs) by producing paracrine signals, as well as to differentiate into pericytes and thereby support blood vessel formation and stability. On the other hand, cells with an EC-like phenotype have been found within the CD14+ and CD34+ cell populations of peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells (MNCs). The aim of this study was to investigate the proangiogenic differentiation potential of human MSC-MNC co-cultures. Bone marrow-derived MSCs (2,500 cells/cm2) were co-cultured with MNCs (50,000 cells/cm2), which were isolated from the PB of healthy donors. MSCs and MNCs cultured alone at same cell densities were used as controls. Cells in MNC fraction and in co-cultures were isolated for CD14, CD34, and CD31 surface markers with magnetic-activated cell sorting. Co-cultures were analyzed for cell proliferation and morphology, as well as for the expression of various hematopoietic, endothelial, and pericyte markers by immunocytochemistry, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and flow cytometry. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and secretion was measured with qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Our results show that in co-cultures with MSCs, CD14+CD45+ MNCs differentiated into spindle-shaped, nonproliferative, EC-like, myeloid angiogenic cells (MACs) expressing CD31, but also into pericyte-like cells expressing neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2) and CD146. Functionality of the isolated MACs was demonstrated in co-cultures with human umbilical vein endothelial cells, where they supported the formation of tube-like structures. NG2+ cells of MNC-origin were found among both CD34-CD14+ and CD34-CD14- cell populations, indicating the existence of different subtypes of pericyte-like cells. In addition, VEGF was shown to be secreted in MSC-MNC co-cultures, mainly by MSCs. In conclusion, MSCs were shown to possess proangiogenic capacity in MSC-MNC co-cultures as they supported the differentiation of functional MACs, as well as the differentiation of pericyte-like cells of MNC origin. This phenomenon was mediated at least partially via secreted VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Carolina Santo Mendes
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lauri Polari
- Department of Biosciences, Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Katriina Joensuu
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terhi J Heino
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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30
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Künnapuu J, Bokharaie H, Jeltsch M. Proteolytic Cleavages in the VEGF Family: Generating Diversity among Angiogenic VEGFs, Essential for the Activation of Lymphangiogenic VEGFs. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020167. [PMID: 33672235 PMCID: PMC7926383 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) regulate the growth of blood and lymphatic vessels. Some of them induce the growth of blood vessels, and others the growth of lymphatic vessels. Blocking VEGF-A is used today to treat several types of cancer (“antiangiogenic therapy”). However, in other diseases, we would like to increase the activity of VEGFs. For example, VEGF-A could generate new blood vessels to protect from heart disease, and VEGF-C could generate new lymphatics to counteract lymphedema. Clinical trials are testing the latter concept at the moment. Because VEGF-C and VEGF-D are produced as inactive precursors, we propose that novel drugs could also target the enzymatic activation of VEGF-C and VEGF-D. However, because of the delicate balance between too much and too little vascular growth, a detailed understanding of the activation of the VEGFs is needed before such concepts can be converted into safe and efficacious therapies. Abstract Specific proteolytic cleavages turn on, modify, or turn off the activity of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). Proteolysis is most prominent among the lymphangiogenic VEGF-C and VEGF-D, which are synthesized as precursors that need to undergo enzymatic removal of their C- and N-terminal propeptides before they can activate their receptors. At least five different proteases mediate the activating cleavage of VEGF-C: plasmin, ADAMTS3, prostate-specific antigen, cathepsin D, and thrombin. All of these proteases except for ADAMTS3 can also activate VEGF-D. Processing by different proteases results in distinct forms of the “mature” growth factors, which differ in affinity and receptor activation potential. The “default” VEGF-C-activating enzyme ADAMTS3 does not activate VEGF-D, and therefore, VEGF-C and VEGF-D do function in different contexts. VEGF-C itself is also regulated in different contexts by distinct proteases. During embryonic development, ADAMTS3 activates VEGF-C. The other activating proteases are likely important for non-developmental lymphangiogenesis during, e.g., tissue regeneration, inflammation, immune response, and pathological tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis. The better we understand these events at the molecular level, the greater our chances of developing successful therapies targeting VEGF-C and VEGF-D for diseases involving the lymphatics such as lymphedema or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Künnapuu
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (J.K.); (H.B.)
| | - Honey Bokharaie
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (J.K.); (H.B.)
| | - Michael Jeltsch
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (J.K.); (H.B.)
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-50-3200235
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31
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Notohamiprodjo S, Varasteh Z, Beer AJ, Niu G, Chen X(S, Weber W, Schwaiger M. Tumor Vasculature. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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32
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Gopcevic K, Karadzic I, Izrael-Zivkovic L, Medic A, Isakovic A, Popović M, Kekic D, Stanojkovic T, Hozic A, Cindric M. Study of the venom proteome of Vipera ammodytes ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758): A qualitative overview, biochemical and biological profiling. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 37:100776. [PMID: 33197857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vipera ammodytes (Va), is the European venomous snake of the greatest medical importance. We analyzed whole venom proteome of the subspecies V. ammodytes ammodytes (Vaa) from Serbia for the first time using the shotgun proteomics approach and identified 99 proteins belonging to four enzymatic families: serine protease (SVSPs), L-amino acid oxidase (LAAOs), metalloproteinases (SVMPs), group II phospholipase (PLA2s), and five nonenzymatic families: cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), C-type lectins (snaclecs), growth factors -nerve (NGFs) and vascular endothelium (VEGFs), and Kunitz-type protease inhibitors (SPIs). Considerable enzymatic activity of LAAO, SVSPs, and SVMPs and a high acidic PLA2 activity was measured implying potential of Vaa to produce haemotoxic, myotoxic, neuro and cardiotoxic effects. Moreover, significant antimicrobial activity of Vaa venom against Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) was found. The crude venom shows considerable potential cytotoxic activity on the C6 and HL60 and a moderate level of potency on B16 cell lines. HeLa cells showed the same sensitivity, while DU 145 and PC-3 are less sensitive than as normal cell line. Our data demonstrated a high complexity of Vaa and considerable enzymatic, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity, implying a great medical potential of Vaa venom as a promising source for new antibacterial and cytostatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Gopcevic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ivanka Karadzic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lidija Izrael-Zivkovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Medic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Isakovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marjan Popović
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Kekic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Amela Hozic
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Cindric
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Zagreb, Croatia
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Chen K, Xu W, Zheng J, Shen Y, Ma J, Chen Z. Angiogenin, FGF-α, and IL-36β have higher expression levels in aqueous humor of nAMD patients in comparison to cataract patients. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:431. [PMID: 33115414 PMCID: PMC7592502 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous cytokines have been proven to participate in the pathogenesis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The present study aimed to investigate the aqueous humor cytokine expression profile in nAMD patients before and after ranibizumab treatments in comparison to cataract patients. Methods This prospective study included 20 treatment-naïve nAMD eyes of 20 patients who received three consecutive monthly injections of ranibizumab. Aqueous humor samples were collected before the first (baseline), second (1 month later), and third (2 months later) injections. Controls were 20 age- and gender-matched cataract patients without any other ocular disease. The aqueous concentrations of 28 cytokines were measured using a multiplex bead assay. Central macular thickness (CMT) and maximum retinal thickness (MRT)-3 mm were measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The greatest linear diameter (GLD) was measured by fundus fluorescein angiography (FA). Results Three cytokines in aqueous humor, including angiogenin, interleukin-36β (IL-36β), and fibroblast growth factor-acidic (FGF-α) were significantly higher in nAMD patients in comparison to cataract patients, both before and after two consecutive monthly ranibizumab injections. Compared with the nAMD patients’ basal levels, two consecutive monthly ranibizumab injections effectively reduced the aqueous concentrations of VEGF-A and placental growth factor (PlGF), as well as the values of CMT, MRT-3 mm, and GLD. Conclusions Angiogenin, IL-36β, and FGF-α have higher expression levels in nAMD patients in comparison to cataract patients, both before and after 2 months of ranibizumab therapy. These cytokines may have correlations with the pathogenesis of nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Chen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Wen Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Shen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Chen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China.
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34
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Chen L, Lin G, Chen K, Wan F, Liang R, Sun Y, Chen X, Zhu X. VEGF knockdown enhances radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by inhibiting autophagy through the activation of mTOR pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16328. [PMID: 33004943 PMCID: PMC7531011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important pro-angiogenic factor. VEGF was reported to promote the occurrence of autophagy, which enhanced the radioresistance of tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of VEGF silencing on the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells and the underlying mechanisms. The radiosensitivity of NPC cells after VEGF silencing was detected by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and clonogenic assay, while cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. The processes of DNA damage, repair and autophagy were examined by immunofluorescence and western blotting. The interaction between VEGF and mTOR was confirmed by western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation studies. The effect of VEGF on radiosensitivity of NPC cells was investigated in vivo using a xenograft model. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assays were used to verify the relationship between autophagy and radiosensitivity in NPC after VEGF depletion. Downregulation of VEGF significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of NPC cells after radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo. In addition, VEGF knockdown not only decreased autophagy level, but also delayed the DNA damage repair in NPC cells after irradiation. Mechanistically, silencing VEGF suppressed autophagy through activation of the mTOR pathway. VEGF depletion increased radiosensitivity of NPC cells by suppressing autophagy via activation of the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiang Lin
- Department of Oncology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530010, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangzhu Wan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Renba Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchu Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xishan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oncology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530010, Guangxi, People's Republic of China. .,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Nissen TPH, Vorum H, Aasbjerg K. Biologic Therapy and Treatment Options in Diabetic Retinopathy with Diabetic Macular Edema. Curr Drug Saf 2020; 16:17-31. [PMID: 32881673 DOI: 10.2174/1574886315666200902154322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema can be a potentially sightthreatening disease if not treated correctly. It is directly correlated to the duration of diabetes and how well managed the patients' diabetes is. In the last 15 years, the treatment of diabetic eye disease has taken a quantum leap in methodology due to the group of biological agents named antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). The introduction of the first biological agent has revolutionized the treatment, not only in diabetic eye disease but also across most inflammatory eye diseases, causing leakage of fluid from the blood vessels i.e., in age-related macular degeneration. The availability of these biological agents, despite their considerable costs, have significantly improved the outcomes measured in visual acuity compared to more traditional treatments of diabetic retinopathy in the form of sole laser treatment and glycemic control. The agents demonstrate a favorable safety profile, but if the rarest and most severe side effects occur, there is a potential total loss of vision. This review aims to make an overview of the current pharmaceutical therapeutic options in the treatment of diabetic macular edema. This includes laser therapy, intravitreal steroids, and a primary focus on intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias P H Nissen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital Hobrovej 18-22, 9000Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vorum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital Hobrovej 18-22, 9000Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kristian Aasbjerg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 161, 8200Aarhus, Denmark
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36
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Mamer SB, Wittenkeller A, Imoukhuede PI. VEGF-A splice variants bind VEGFRs with differential affinities. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14413. [PMID: 32879419 PMCID: PMC7468149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71484-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and its binding to VEGFRs is an important angiogenesis regulator, especially the earliest-known isoform, VEGF-A165a. Yet several additional splice variants play prominent roles in regulating angiogenesis in health and in vascular disease, including VEGF-A121 and an anti-angiogenic variant, VEGF-A165b. Few studies have attempted to distinguish these forms from their angiogenic counterparts, experimentally. Previous studies of VEGF-A:VEGFR binding have measured binding kinetics for VEGFA165 and VEGF-A121, but binding kinetics of the other two pro- and all anti-angiogenic splice variants are not known. We measured the binding kinetics for VEGF-A165, -A165b, and -A121 with VEGFR1 and VEGF-R2 using surface plasmon resonance. We validated our methods by reproducing the known affinities between VEGF-A165a:VEGFR1 and VEGF-A165a:VEGFR2, 1.0 pM and 10 pM respectively, and validated the known affinity VEGF-A121:VEGFR2 as KD = 0.66 nM. We found that VEGF-A121 also binds VEGFR1 with an affinity KD = 3.7 nM. We further demonstrated that the anti-angiogenic variant, VEGF-A165b selectively prefers VEGFR2 binding at an affinity = 0.67 pM while binding VEGFR1 with a weaker affinity-KD = 1.4 nM. These results suggest that the - A165b anti-angiogenic variant would preferentially bind VEGFR2. These discoveries offer a new paradigm for understanding VEGF-A, while further stressing the need to take care in differentiating the splice variants in all future VEGF-A studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer B Mamer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Ashley Wittenkeller
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - P I Imoukhuede
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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37
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Pla D, Sanz L, Quesada-Bernat S, Villalta M, Baal J, Chowdhury MAW, León G, Gutiérrez JM, Kuch U, Calvete JJ. Phylovenomics of Daboia russelii across the Indian subcontinent. Bioactivities and comparative in vivo neutralization and in vitro third-generation antivenomics of antivenoms against venoms from India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. J Proteomics 2019; 207:103443. [PMID: 31325606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) is, together with Naja naja, Bungarus caeruleus and Echis carinatus, a member of the medically important 'Big Four' species responsible for causing a large number of morbidity and mortality cases across the Indian subcontinent. Despite the wide distribution of Russell's viper and the well-documented ubiquity of the phenomenon of geographic variability of intraspecific snake venom composition, Indian polyvalent antivenoms against the "Big Four" venoms are raised against venoms sourced mainly from Chennai in the southeastern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Biochemical and venomics investigations have consistently revealed notable compositional, functional, and immunological differences among geographic variants of Russell's viper venoms across the Indian subcontinent. However, these studies, carried out by different laboratories using different protocols and involving venoms from a single geographical region, make the comparison of the different venoms difficult. To bridge this gap, we have conducted bioactivities and proteomic analyses of D. russelii venoms from the three corners of the Indian subcontinent, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Tamil Nandu (India) and Sri Lanka, along with comparative in vivo neutralization and in vitro third-generation antivenomics of antivenoms used in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. These analyses let us to propose two alternative routes of radiation for Russell's viper in the Indian subcontinent. Both radiations, towards the northeast of India and Bangladesh and towards south India and Sri Lanka, have a common origin in Pakistan, and provide a phylovenomics ground for rationalizing the geographic variability in venom composition and their distinct immunoreactivity against available antivenoms. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Russell's viper (Daboia russelii), the Indian cobra (Naja naja), the common krait (Bungarus caeruleus), and the saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) constitute the 'Big Four' snake species responsible for most snakebite envenomings and deaths in the Indian subcontinent. Despite the medical relevance of Daboia russelii, and the well documented variations in the clinical manifestations of envenomings by this wide distributed species, which are doubtless functionally related to differences in venom composition of its geographic variants, antivenoms for the clinical treatment of envenomings by D. russelii across the Indian subcontinent are invariably raised using venom sourced mainly from the southeastern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. We have applied a phylovenomics approach to compare the venom proteomes of Russell's vipers from the three corners of the Indian subcontinent, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and South India/Sri Lanka, and have assessed the in vitro (third-generation antivenomics) and in vivo preclinical efficacy of a panel of homologous antivenoms. The identification of two dispersal routes of ancestral D. russelii into the Indian subcontinent provides the ground for rationalizing the variability in composition and immunoreactivity of the venoms of extant geographic variants of Russell's viper. Such knowledge is relevant for envisioning strategies to improve the clinical coverage of anti- D. russelii antivenoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinia Pla
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Libia Sanz
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarai Quesada-Bernat
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Mauren Villalta
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Joshua Baal
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Guillermo León
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - José M Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Ulrich Kuch
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Juan J Calvete
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
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38
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Fu X, Liu G, Halim A, Ju Y, Luo Q, Song AG. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration and Tissue Repair. Cells 2019; 8:E784. [PMID: 31357692 PMCID: PMC6721499 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multilineage cells with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into a variety of cell types, which play key roles in tissue healing and regenerative medicine. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are the most frequently used stem cells in cell therapy and tissue engineering. However, it is prerequisite for BMSCs to mobilize from bone marrow and migrate into injured tissues during the healing process, through peripheral circulation. The migration of BMSCs is regulated by mechanical and chemical factors in this trafficking process. In this paper, we review the effects of several main regulatory factors on BMSC migration and its underlying mechanism; discuss two critical roles of BMSCs-namely, directed differentiation and the paracrine function-in tissue repair; and provide insight into the relationship between BMSC migration and tissue repair, which may provide a better guide for clinical applications in tissue repair through the efficient regulation of BMSC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Fu
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Ge Liu
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Alexander Halim
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yang Ju
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Qing Luo
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - And Guanbin Song
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
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39
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Fu L, Chen YH, Bo QL, Song YP, Ma L, Wang B, Xu S, Zhang C, Wang H, Xu DX. Lipopolysaccharide Downregulates 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 2 Expression through Inhibiting Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ in Placental Trophoblasts. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1198-1207. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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40
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Morfoisse F, Noel A. Lymphatic and blood systems: Identical or fraternal twins? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 114:105562. [PMID: 31278994 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Blood and lymphatic systems work in close collaboration to ensure their respective physiological functions. The lymphatic vessel network is being extensively studied, but has been overlooked as compared to the blood vasculature mainly due to the problematic discrimination of lymphatic vessels from the blood ones. This issue has been fortunately resolved in the past decade leading to the emergence of a huge amount of data in lymphatic biology revealing many shared features with the blood vasculature. However, this likeliness between the two vascular systems may lead to a simplistic view of lymphatics and a direct transcription of what is known for the blood system to the lymphatic one, thereby neglecting the lymphatic specificities. In this context, this review aims to clarify the main differences between the two vascular systems focusing on recently discovered lymphatic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Morfoisse
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA (GIGA-Cancer), Liege University, B23, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA (GIGA-Cancer), Liege University, B23, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
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41
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Cho KO, Kim JY, Jeong KH, Lee MY, Kim SY. Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 23:281-289. [PMID: 31297012 PMCID: PMC6609264 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2019.23.4.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and its receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-3, are responsible for lymphangiogenesis in both embryos and adults. In epilepsy, the expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 was significantly upregulated in the human brains affected with temporal lobe epilepsy. Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition of VEGF receptors after acute seizures could suppress the generation of spontaneous recurrent seizures, suggesting a critical role of VEGF-related signaling in epilepsy. Therefore, in the present study, the spatiotemporal expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 against pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) was investigated in C57BL/6N mice using immunohistochemistry. At 1 day after SE, hippocampal astrocytes and microglia were activated. Pyramidal neuronal death was observed at 4 days after SE. In the subpyramidal zone, VEGF-C expression gradually increased and peaked at 7 days after SE, while VEGFR-3 was significantly upregulated at 4 days after SE and began to decrease at 7 days after SE. Most VEGF-C/VEGFR-3-expressing cells were pyramidal neurons, but VEGF-C was also observed in some astrocytes in sham-manipulated animals. However, at 4 days and 7 days after SE, both VEGFR-3 and VEGF-C immunoreactivities were observed mainly in astrocytes and in some microglia of the stratum radiatum and lacunosum-moleculare of the hippocampus, respectively. These data indicate that VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 can be upregulated in hippocampal astrocytes and microglia after pilocarpine-induced SE, providing basic information about VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression patterns following acute seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ok Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Institute of Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Joo Youn Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Kyoung Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Mun-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Seong Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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42
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Leonardi A, Sajevic T, Pungerčar J, Križaj I. Comprehensive Study of the Proteome and Transcriptome of the Venom of the Most Venomous European Viper: Discovery of a New Subclass of Ancestral Snake Venom Metalloproteinase Precursor-Derived Proteins. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2287-2309. [PMID: 31017792 PMCID: PMC6727599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
nose-horned viper, its nominotypical subspecies Vipera
ammodytes ammodytes (Vaa), in particular,
is, medically, one of the most relevant snakes in Europe. The local
and systemic clinical manifestations of poisoning by the venom of
this snake are the result of the pathophysiological effects inflicted
by enzymatic and nonenzymatic venom components acting, most prominently,
on the blood, cardiovascular, and nerve systems. This venom is a very
complex mixture of pharmacologically active proteins and peptides.
To help improve the current antivenom therapy toward higher specificity
and efficiency and to assist drug discovery, we have constructed,
by combining transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, the most comprehensive
library yet of the Vaa venom proteins and peptides.
Sequence analysis of the venom gland cDNA library has revealed the
presence of messages encoding 12 types of polypeptide precursors.
The most abundant are those for metalloproteinase inhibitors (MPis),
bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs), and natriuretic peptides
(NPs) (all three on a single precursor), snake C-type lectin-like
proteins (snaclecs), serine proteases (SVSPs), P-II and P-III metalloproteinases
(SVMPs), secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s),
and disintegrins (Dis). These constitute >88% of the venom transcriptome.
At the protein level, 57 venom proteins belonging to 16 different
protein families have been identified and, with SVSPs, sPLA2s, snaclecs, and SVMPs, comprise ∼80% of all venom proteins.
Peptides detected in the venom include NPs, BPPs, and inhibitors of
SVSPs and SVMPs. Of particular interest, a transcript coding for a
protein similar to P-III SVMPs but lacking the MP domain was also
found at the protein level in the venom. The existence of such proteins,
also supported by finding similar venom gland transcripts in related
snake species, has been demonstrated for the first time, justifying
the proposal of a new P-IIIe subclass of ancestral SVMP precursor-derived
proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrijana Leonardi
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences , Jožef Stefan Institute , Jamova cesta 39 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Tamara Sajevic
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences , Jožef Stefan Institute , Jamova cesta 39 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Jože Pungerčar
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences , Jožef Stefan Institute , Jamova cesta 39 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Igor Križaj
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences , Jožef Stefan Institute , Jamova cesta 39 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
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43
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Ishrat T, Soliman S, Eldahshan W, Pillai B, Ergul A, Fagan SC. Silencing VEGF-B Diminishes the Neuroprotective Effect of Candesartan Treatment After Experimental Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1869-1878. [PMID: 30088238 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pro-survival effect of VEGF-B has been documented in different in vivo and in vitro models. We have previously shown an enhanced VEGF-B expression in response to candesartan treatment after focal cerebral ischemia. In this study, we aimed to silence VEGF-B expression to assess its contribution to candesartan's benefit on stroke outcome. Silencing VEGF-B expression was achieved by bilateral intracerebroventricular injections of lentiviral particles containing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against VEGF-B. Two weeks after lentiviral injections, rats were subjected to either 90 min or 3 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and randomized to intravenous candesartan (1 mg/kg) or saline at reperfusion. Animals were sacrificed at 24 or 72 h and brains were collected and analyzed for hemoglobin (Hb) excess and infarct size, respectively. Functional outcome at 24, 48 and 72 h was assessed blindly. Candesartan treatment improved neurobehavioral and motor function, and decreased infarct size and Hb. While silencing VEGF-B expression diminished candesartan's neuroprotective effect, candesartan-mediated vascular protection was maintained even in the absence of VEGF-B suggesting that this growth factor is not the mediator of candesartan's vascular protective effects. However, VEGF-B is a mediator of neuroprotection achieved by candesartan and represents a potential drug target to improve stroke outcome. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of VEGF-B in neuroprotection and recovery after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauheed Ishrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), 855 Monroe Ave, Rm 231-Wittenborg bldg., Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Sahar Soliman
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, and Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Wael Eldahshan
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, and Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bindu Pillai
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, and Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Adviye Ergul
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, and Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Susan C Fagan
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, and Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are essential components of cell communication pathways utilized from the embryonic to adult stages of life. These transmembrane receptors bind polypeptide ligands, such as growth factors, inducing signalling cascades that control cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, differentiation, motility and inflammation. Many viruses have acquired homologs of growth factors encoded by the hosts that they infect. Production of growth factors during infection allows viruses to exploit RTKs for entry and replication in cells, as well as for host and environmental dissemination. This review describes the genetic diversity amongst virus-derived growth factors and the mechanisms by which RTK exploitation enhances virus survival, then highlights how viral ligands can be used to further understanding of RTK signalling and function during embryogenesis, homeostasis and disease scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabeen Lateef
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Lyn M Wise
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
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45
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Cui K, Li W, James JG, Peng C, Jin J, Yan C, Fan Z, Du L, Price M, Wu Y, Yue B. The first draft genome of Lophophorus: A step forward for Phasianidae genomic diversity and conservation. Genomics 2018; 111:1209-1215. [PMID: 30063977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The monal genus (Lophophorus) is a branch of Phasianidae and its species inhabit the high-altitude mountains of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The Chinese monal, L. lhuysii, is a threatened endemic bird of China that possesses high-altitude adaptability, diversity of plumage color and potentially low reproductive life history. This is the first study to describe the monal genome using next generation sequencing technology. The Chinese monal genome size is 1.01 Gb, with 16,940 protein-coding genes. Gene annotation yielded 100.93 Mb (9.97%) repeat elements, 785 ncRNA, 5,465,549 bp (0.54%) SSR and 15,550 (92%) genes in public databases. Compared to other birds and mammals, the genome evolution analysis showed numerous expanded gene families and positive selected genes involved in high-altitude adaptation, especially related to the adaptation of low temperature and hypoxia. Consequently, this gene data can be used to investigate the molecular evolution of high-altitude adaptation in future bird research. Our first published genome of the genus Lophophorus will be integral for the study of monal population genetic diversity and conservation, genomic evolution and Galliformes species differentiation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cui
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Wujiao Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Jake George James
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Changjun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiazheng Jin
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaochao Yan
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianming Du
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Megan Price
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongjie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
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Litke C, Bading H, Mauceri D. Histone deacetylase 4 shapes neuronal morphology via a mechanism involving regulation of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor D. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8196-8207. [PMID: 29632070 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of class IIa histone deacetylases (i.e HDAC4, -5, -7, and -9) is a synaptic activity- and nuclear calcium-dependent mechanism important for epigenetic regulation of signal-regulated gene expression in hippocampal neurons. HDAC4 in particular has been linked to the regulation of genes important for both synaptic structure and plasticity. Here, using a constitutively nuclear-localized, dominant-active variant of HDAC4 (HDAC4 3SA), we demonstrate that HDAC4 accumulation in the nucleus severely reduces both the length and complexity of dendrites of cultured mature hippocampal neurons, but does not affect the number of dendritic spines. This phenomenon appeared to be specific to HDAC4, as increasing the expression of HDAC3 or HDAC11, belonging to class I and class IV HDACs, respectively, did not alter dendritic architecture. We also show that HDAC4 3SA decreases the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGFD), a key protein required for the maintenance of dendritic arbors. The expression of other members of the VEGF family and their receptors was not affected by the nuclear accumulation of HDAC4. VEGFD overexpression or administration of recombinant VEGFD, but not VEGFC, the closest VEGFD homologue, rescued the impaired dendritic architecture caused by the nuclear-localized HDAC4 variant. These results identify HDAC4 as an epigenetic regulator of neuronal morphology that controls dendritic arborization via the expression of VEGFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Litke
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, INF 364 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, INF 364 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Mauceri
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, INF 364 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Zhao L, Zhu Z, Yao C, Huang Y, Zhi E, Chen H, Tian R, Li P, Yuan Q, Xue Y, Wan Z, Yang C, Gong Y, He Z, Li Z. VEGFC/VEGFR3 Signaling Regulates Mouse Spermatogonial Cell Proliferation via the Activation of AKT/MAPK and Cyclin D1 Pathway and Mediates the Apoptosis by affecting Caspase 3/9 and Bcl-2. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:225-239. [PMID: 29169284 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1407891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the transcript levels of Vegfc and its receptor Vegfr3 were high in spermatogonia and extremely low in spermatocytes and spermatids. However, it remains unknown about the functions and the mechanisms of VEGFC/VEGFR3 signaling in regulating the fate determinations of spermatogonia. To this end, here we explored the role and signaling pathways of VEGFC/VEGFR3 by using a cell line derived from immortalized mouse spermatogonia retaining markers of mitotic germ cells, namely GC-1 cells. VEGFR3 was expressed in mouse primary spermatogonia and GC-1 cells. VEGFC stimulated the proliferation and DNA synthesis of GC-1 cells and enhanced the phosphorylation of PI3K-AKT and MAPK, whereas LY294002 (an inhibitor for AKT) and CI-1040 (an inhibitor for MAPK) blocked the effect of VEGFC on GC-1 cell proliferation. Furthermore, VEGFC increased the transcripts of c-fos and Egr1 and protein levels of cyclin D1, PCNA and Bcl-2. Conversely, the blocking of VEGFC/VEGFR3 signaling by VEGFR3 knockdown reduced the phosphorylation of AKT/MAPK and decreased the levels of cyclin D1 and PCNA. Additionally, VEGFR3 knockdown not only resulted in more apoptosis of GC-1 cells but also led to a decrease of Bcl-2 and promoted the cleavage of Caspase-3/9 and PARP. Collectively, these data suggested that VEGFC/VEGFR3 signaling promotes the proliferation of GC-1 cells via the AKT /MAPK and cyclin D1 pathway and it inhibits the cell apoptosis through Caspase-3/9, PARP and Bcl-2. Thus, this study sheds a novel insight to the molecular mechanisms underlying the fate decisions of mammalian spermatogonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Zhao
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Zijue Zhu
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Chencheng Yao
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Erlei Zhi
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Huixing Chen
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Ruhui Tian
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Peng Li
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Qingqing Yuan
- b State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji- Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital , School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yunjing Xue
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhong Wan
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Chao Yang
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuehua Gong
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Zuping He
- b State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji- Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital , School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Zheng Li
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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Mahecha AM, Wang H. The influence of vascular endothelial growth factor-A and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in angiogenesis, metastasis, and prognosis of endometrial cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4617-4624. [PMID: 29033580 PMCID: PMC5614795 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s132558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis (the growth of new blood vessels) is essential in most of the body’s physiological processes, such as in the normal functioning of the endometrium during and after the menstrual cycle. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) are the mostly expressed angiogenic factors, especially, during the process of endometrial degeneration and remodeling. In carcinogenesis, tumor hypoxia-induced factors, through the process of “angiogenic switch”, stimulate the production of angiogenic factors, particularly VEGF and MMP. Subsequently, these angiogenic factors are associated with degradation, differentiation, proliferation, and migration of vascular endothelial cells, enhancing the formation of new blood vessels to supply the tumor with oxygen and nutrients. This process is equally significant for tumor development and metastasis. Hence, like in other cancers, the overexpression of MMP and VEGF in endometrial cancer (EC) seems to play a significant role in its tumorigenesis and metastasis. This research will discuss the influence of MMP and VEGF on angiogenesis, metastasis, and the prognosis of EC as well as the clinical importance of the factors in the diagnosis of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Mahecha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Shen Z, Zhang Z, Wang X, Yang K. VEGFB-VEGFR1 ameliorates Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through Ca 2+ -mediated PKG I pathway. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1511-1520. [PMID: 28771828 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In response to assorted stimuli, the heart will develop into cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, but sustained cardiomyocyte hypertrophy will finally lead to heart failure. This research is aimed to examine the effect of VEGFB on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by using the cardiomyocyte-derived cell line H9C2 of cultured rates. It turns out that VEGFB can positively prevent the Ang II-induced rising in the size of cardiomyocyte as well as reduce Ang II-induced mRNA and protein levels of β-MHC (β-myosin heavy chain), BNP (brain natriuretic peptide), and ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). Moreover, VEGFB can regulate the decline of the Ang II-induced rising in Ca2+ . After VEGFR1 knockdown, these effects of VEGFB were partially reversed. Moreover, VEGFB attenuated the suppression of PKG I, p-VASP, and RGS2 caused by Ang II; whereas VEGFR1 knockdown partially abolished the indicated effect of VEGFB. In a word, the effect of VEGFB on relevant downstream targets and the pathways of PKG I by VEGFR1 may explain its efficacy on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Thus, it can be suggested that it is feasible to apply VEGFB-VEGFR1 for reducing the symptoms of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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