1
|
G G, Bharti S, Jha VC, Nigam JS, Ganesh R A, Bhadani P. Immunoexpression of Survivin and P53 in the Histological Subtypes of Medulloblastoma: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e65627. [PMID: 39205763 PMCID: PMC11350522 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a common malignant intracranial neoplasms in children. The treatment and prognosis of this tumor depends on histology and molecular subtypes. Survivin, implicated in various malignancies, may hold prognostic significance. We investigated survivin and p53 immunoreactivity in different histological subtypes in 20 MB cases from January 2018 to June 2021. Immunohistochemistry revealed survivin expression in 75% (15/20) of cases, with cytoplasmic (10 cases), nuclear (four cases), or combined expression (one case). p53 nuclear expression was present in 35% (7/20) of cases. Classical variant MB exhibited predominant p53 and cytoplasmic survivin expression. Given the association of survivin and p53 expression with poor prognosis, especially in the prevalent classical variant, targeted therapies may hold promise for MB treatment advancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guralarasan G
- Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND
| | - Shreekant Bharti
- Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND
| | - Vikas C Jha
- Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND
| | - Jitendra S Nigam
- Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Bibinagar, IND
| | - Abhirami Ganesh R
- Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND
| | - Punam Bhadani
- Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Naeem A, Knoer G, Avantaggiati ML, Rodriguez O, Albanese C. Provocative non-canonical roles of p53 and AKT signaling: A role for Thymosin β4 in medulloblastoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109785. [PMID: 36720193 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT and p53 pathways are key regulators of cancer cell survival and death, respectively. Contrary to their generally accepted roles, several lines of evidence, including ours in medulloblastoma, the most common childhood brain cancer, highlight non-canonical functions for both proteins and show a complex context-dependent dynamic behavior in determining cell fate. Interestingly, p53-mediated cell survival and AKT-mediated cell death can dominate in certain conditions, and these interchangeable physiological functions may potentially be manipulated for better clinical outcomes. This review article presents studies in which p53 and AKT behave contrary to their well-established functions. We discuss the factors and circumstances that may be involved in mediating these changes and the implications of these unique roles of p53 and AKT in devising therapeutic strategies. Lastly, based on our recent finding of Thymosin beta 4-mediated chemosensitivity via an AKT-p53 interaction in medulloblastoma cells, we also discuss the possible implications of Thymosin beta-4 in enhancing drug sensitivity in this deadly childhood disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Naeem
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Health Research Governance Department, Ministry of Public Health, Qatar.
| | - Grace Knoer
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Maria Laura Avantaggiati
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Naeem A, Harish V, Coste S, Parasido EM, Choudhry MU, Kromer LF, Ihemelandu C, Petricoin EF, Pierobon M, Noon MS, Yenugonda VM, Avantaggiati M, Kupfer GM, Fricke S, Rodriguez O, Albanese C. Regulation of Chemosensitivity in Human Medulloblastoma Cells by p53 and the PI3 Kinase Signaling Pathway. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:114-126. [PMID: 34635507 PMCID: PMC8738155 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In medulloblastoma, p53 expression has been associated with chemoresistance and radiation resistance and with poor long-term outcomes in the p53-mutated sonic hedgehog, MYC-p53, and p53-positive medulloblastoma subgroups. We previously established a direct role for p53 in supporting drug resistance in medulloblastoma cells with high basal protein expression levels (D556 and DAOY). We now show that p53 genetic suppression in medulloblastoma cells with low basal p53 protein expression levels (D283 and UW228) significantly reduced drug responsiveness, suggesting opposing roles for low p53 protein expression levels. Mechanistically, the enhanced cell death by p53 knockdown in high-p53 cells was associated with an induction of mTOR/PI3K signaling. Both mTOR inhibition and p110α/PIK3CA induction confirmed these findings, which abrogated or accentuated the enhanced chemosensitivity response in D556 cells respectively while converse was seen in D283 cells. Co-treatment with G-actin-sequestering peptide, thymosin β4 (Tβ4), induced p-AKTS473 in both p53-high and p53-low cells, enhancing chemosensitivity in D556 cells while enhancing chemoresistance in D283 and UW228 cells. IMPLICATIONS: Collectively, we identified an unexpected role for the PI3K signaling in enhancing cell death in medulloblastoma cells with high basal p53 expression. These studies indicate that levels of p53 immunopositivity may serve as a diagnostic marker of chemotherapy resistance and for defining therapeutic targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Naeem
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Health Research Governance Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varsha Harish
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Sophie Coste
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Erika M. Parasido
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Muhammad Umer Choudhry
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Lawrence F. Kromer
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Chukuemeka Ihemelandu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Emanuel F. Petricoin
- George Mason University, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Mariaelena Pierobon
- George Mason University, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Manassas, Virginia
| | | | | | - Maria Avantaggiati
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Gary M. Kupfer
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Stanley Fricke
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Corresponding Author: Chris Albanese, Department of OncologyGeorgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Cancer Center, NRB W417, Washington, DC 20007. Phone: 202-687-3305; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mirbaha H, Carrillo D, Mitui M, Hiemenz MC, Singh V, Rakheja D. Cytoplasmic P53 Immunostaining With N-Terminus P53 Antibody And Absence Of Staining With C-Terminus P53 Antibody: A Report Of Two Pediatric Sarcomas With Distal Truncating TP53 Mutations Affecting Nuclear Localization Domain. Int J Surg Pathol 2021; 30:457-461. [DOI: 10.1177/10668969211065115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
P53 immunohistochemical staining with antibodies targeted to epitopes at or near the N-terminus are commonly used in diagnostic pathology practice as a surrogate for TP53 mutations. The abnormal staining patterns indicating TP53 mutations include nuclear overexpression, null, and the recently described cytoplasmic staining. The latter staining pattern occurs with the less common TP53 mutations affecting its nuclear localization and/or tetramerization domains that are located toward the C-terminus. Here we describe the first two cases of pediatric sarcomas with cytoplasmic staining with P53 antibody against N-terminus epitope and the absence of staining with P53 antibody against C-terminus epitope. We propose that a more precise description of P53 immunohistochemical staining patterns should include the nature of the antibody used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Mirbaha
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Deyssy Carrillo
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Vivekanand Singh
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kallay L, Keskin H, Ross A, Rupji M, Moody OA, Wang X, Li G, Ahmed T, Rashid F, Stephen MR, Cottrill KA, Nuckols TA, Xu M, Martinson DE, Tranghese F, Pei Y, Cook JM, Kowalski J, Taylor MD, Jenkins A, Pomeranz Krummel DA, Sengupta S. Modulating native GABA A receptors in medulloblastoma with positive allosteric benzodiazepine-derivatives induces cell death. J Neurooncol 2019; 142:411-422. [PMID: 30725256 PMCID: PMC6478651 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric brain cancer medulloblastoma (MB) standard-of-care results in numerous comorbidities. MB is comprised of distinct molecular subgroups. Group 3 molecular subgroup patients have the highest relapse rates and after standard-of-care have a 20% survival. Group 3 tumors have high expression of GABRA5, which codes for the α5 subunit of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR). We are advancing a therapeutic approach for group 3 based on GABAAR modulation using benzodiazepine-derivatives. METHODS We performed analysis of GABR and MYC expression in MB tumors and used molecular, cell biological, and whole-cell electrophysiology approaches to establish presence of a functional 'druggable' GABAAR in group 3 cells. RESULTS Analysis of expression of 763 MB tumors reveals that group 3 tumors share high subgroup-specific and correlative expression of GABR genes, which code for GABAAR subunits α5, β3 and γ2 and 3. There are ~ 1000 functional α5-GABAARs per group 3 patient-derived cell that mediate a basal chloride-anion efflux of 2 × 109 ions/s. Benzodiazepines, designed to prefer α5-GABAAR, impair group 3 cell viability by enhancing chloride-anion efflux with subtle changes in their structure having significant impact on potency. A potent, non-toxic benzodiazepine ('KRM-II-08') binds to the α5-GABAAR (0.8 µM EC50) enhancing a chloride-anion efflux that induces mitochondrial membrane depolarization and in response, TP53 upregulation and p53, constitutively phosphorylated at S392, cytoplasmic localization. This correlates with pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated death promoter protein localization. CONCLUSION GABRA5 expression can serve as a diagnostic biomarker for group 3 tumors, while α5-GABAAR is a therapeutic target for benzodiazepine binding, enhancing an ion imbalance that induces apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kallay
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Havva Keskin
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexandra Ross
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manali Rupji
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Olivia A Moody
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Taukir Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Farjana Rashid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michael Rajesh Stephen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kirsten A Cottrill
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - T Austin Nuckols
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maxwell Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deborah E Martinson
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Frank Tranghese
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanxin Pei
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jeanne Kowalski
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew Jenkins
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel A Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University Hospital, 1365C Clifton Road, Suite C5086, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University Hospital, 1365C Clifton Road, Suite C5086, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ocak S, Özkan MA, Ozkan F, Öz B, Celkan TT, Apak H. Çocukluk çağı medulloblastom olgularında P53, ERBB2, c-Kit ve BCL2 Ekspresyonunun prognostik ve klinik önemi. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.442463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
7
|
Yue Z, Si T, Pan Z, Cao W, Yan Z, Jiang Z, Ouyang H. Sophoridine suppresses cell growth in human medulloblastoma through FoxM1, NF-κB and AP-1. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7941-7946. [PMID: 29344238 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sophoridine is an alkaloid extracted from Sophora alopecuroides that has extensive pharmacological actions. In the present study, the effect of sophoridine on cell growth of human medulloblastoma and its mechanism were investigated. Human medulloblastoma D283-Med cells were incubated with 0, 0.5, 1 or 2 mg/ml sophoridine for 24, 48 or 72 h. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were analyzed using MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assays, respectively. Next, analyses of cell apoptosis and caspase-3/8 activity were performed using flow cytometry or spectrophotometry, respectively. Lastly, the change in FoxM1, TrkB, BDNF, NF-κB and AP-1 expression was investigated using western blot analysis. In the present study, treatment with sophoridine significantly suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis in human medulloblastoma cells. In addition, sophoridine significantly increased cytotoxicity and caspase-3/8 activity in human medulloblastoma. Finally, it was found that sophoridine suppresses the protein expression of FoxM1, TrkB, BDNF NF-κB and AP-1 in human medulloblastoma cells. The present study suggests that sophoridine suppresses cell growth of human medulloblastoma through the inhibition of the FoxM1, NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhensong Yue
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Tongguo Si
- Department of Invasive Technology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Zhanyu Pan
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Cao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Zhuchen Yan
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Zhansheng Jiang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Huaqiang Ouyang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Perry A. WHO’s arrived in 2016! An updated weather forecast for integrated brain tumor diagnosis. Brain Tumor Pathol 2016; 33:157-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10014-016-0266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
9
|
Borowska A, Jóźwiak J. Medulloblastoma: molecular pathways and histopathological classification. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:659-66. [PMID: 27279861 PMCID: PMC4889700 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.59939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer death among pediatric patients, and medulloblastoma constitutes 20% of them. Currently, the treatment is risk-adapted. Maximum surgical resection is recommended, always followed by chemotherapy and neuroaxis radiotherapy. In spite of the improving survival rate, survivors succumb to treatment-induced side effects. To reduce toxic effects, molecular-targeted treatment is proposed. Medulloblastoma research is very robust, and new articles on the subject are published daily. In the current review we have tried to bring together molecular pathophysiology of the neoplasm and current pathological classification, thus making an effort to relate tumor biology and the histological picture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Borowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Jóźwiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gessi M, von Bueren AO, Treszl A, zur Mühlen A, Hartmann W, Warmuth-Metz M, Rutkowski S, Pietsch T. MYCN amplification predicts poor outcome for patients with supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the central nervous system . Neuro Oncol 2015; 16:924-32. [PMID: 24470553 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the central nervous system (CNS-PNETs) are a rare group of neoplasms occurring in the CNS that includes supratentorial CNS-PNETs, medulloepitheliomas, and ependymoblastomas. While ependymoblastomas frequently carry chromosome 19q13.41 amplification and show aggressive clinical behavior, the biological mechanisms and molecular alterations contributing to the pathogenesis of supratentorial CNS-PNETs remain poorly understood. Moreover, genetic alterations suitable for molecular risk stratification are undefined to date. METHODS In order to identify possible molecular markers, we performed multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and molecular inversion probe (MIP) analysis on DNA samples of 25 supratentorial CNS-PNETs (median age, 5.35 years; range, 2.41–17.28 years). Tumors with ependymoblastic rosettes (ependymoblastoma/ETANTR) and LIN28A positivity were excluded. RESULTS MLPA and MIP analysis revealed large losses of genomic material of chromosomes 3, 4, 5, and 13, while frequent gains affected chromosomes 1, 17, 19, 20, and 22. High copy number gains (amplifications) were found in particular at chromosomes 2p24.3 (MYCN, n = 6 cases) and 4q12 (n = 2 cases). Patients with tumors harboring 2p gain or MYCN amplification showed unfavorable overall survival (P = .003 and P = .001, respectively).These markers were independent of the presence of metastases, which was indeed a clinical factor associated with poor overall survival (P = .01) in this series. CONCLUSIONS In the era of the personalized neuro-oncology, the identification of these molecular prognostic markers associated with patient outcome may represent a significant step towards improved patient stratification and risk-adapted therapeutic strategies for patients suffering from supratentorial CNS-PNETs.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang G, Wang J, Zhao H, Wang J, Tony To SS. The role of Myc and let-7a in glioblastoma, glucose metabolism and response to therapy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 580:84-92. [PMID: 26151775 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is thought to result from an imbalance between glucose metabolism and tumor growth. The Myc oncogene and lethal-7a microRNA (let-7a miRNA) have been suggested to cooperatively regulate multiple downstream targets leading to changes in chromosome stability, gene mutations, and/or modulation of tumor growth. Here, we review the roles of Myc and let-7a in glucose metabolism and tumor growth and addresses their future potential as prognostic markers and therapeutic tools in GBM. We focus on the functions of Myc and let-7a in glucose uptake, tumor survival, proliferation, and mobility of glioma cells. In addition, we discuss how regulation of different pathways by Myc or let-7a may be useful for future GBM therapies. A large body of evidence suggests that targeting Myc and let-7a may provide a selective mechanism for the deregulation of glucose metabolic pathways in glioma cells. Indeed, Myc and let-7a are aberrantly expressed in GBM and have been linked to the regulation of cell growth and glucose metabolism in GBM. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Targeting alternative glucose metabolism and regulate pathways in GBM cells for future glioblastoma therapies".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200235, China; Hubei University of Medicine, No. 30 People South Road, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China.
| | - JunJie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200235, China; Hubei University of Medicine, No. 30 People South Road, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - HuaFu Zhao
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shing Shun Tony To
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhukova N, Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Martin DC, Castelo-Branco P, Zhang CH, Fraser M, Tse K, Poon R, Shih DJH, Baskin B, Ray PN, Bouffet E, Dirks P, von Bueren AO, Pfaff E, Korshunov A, Jones DTW, Northcott PA, Kool M, Pugh TJ, Pomeroy SL, Cho YJ, Pietsch T, Gessi M, Rutkowski S, Bognár L, Cho BK, Eberhart CG, Conter CF, Fouladi M, French PJ, Grajkowska WA, Gupta N, Hauser P, Jabado N, Vasiljevic A, Jung S, Kim SK, Klekner A, Kumabe T, Lach B, Leonard JR, Liau LM, Massimi L, Pollack IF, Ra YS, Rubin JB, Van Meir EG, Wang KC, Weiss WA, Zitterbart K, Bristow RG, Alman B, Hawkins CE, Malkin D, Clifford SC, Pfister SM, Taylor MD, Tabori U. WNT activation by lithium abrogates TP53 mutation associated radiation resistance in medulloblastoma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:174. [PMID: 25539912 PMCID: PMC4297452 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-014-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 mutations confer subgroup specific poor survival for children with medulloblastoma. We hypothesized that WNT activation which is associated with improved survival for such children abrogates TP53 related radioresistance and can be used to sensitize TP53 mutant tumors for radiation. We examined the subgroup-specific role of TP53 mutations in a cohort of 314 patients treated with radiation. TP53 wild-type or mutant human medulloblastoma cell-lines and normal neural stem cells were used to test radioresistance of TP53 mutations and the radiosensitizing effect of WNT activation on tumors and the developing brain. Children with WNT/TP53 mutant medulloblastoma had higher 5-year survival than those with SHH/TP53 mutant tumours (100% and 36.6% ± 8.7%, respectively (p < 0.001)). Introduction of TP53 mutation into medulloblastoma cells induced radioresistance (survival fractions at 2Gy (SF2) of 89% ± 2% vs. 57.4% ± 1.8% (p < 0.01)). In contrast, β-catenin mutation sensitized TP53 mutant cells to radiation (p < 0.05). Lithium, an activator of the WNT pathway, sensitized TP53 mutant medulloblastoma to radiation (SF2 of 43.5% ± 1.5% in lithium treated cells vs. 56.6 ± 3% (p < 0.01)) accompanied by increased number of γH2AX foci. Normal neural stem cells were protected from lithium induced radiation damage (SF2 of 33% ± 8% for lithium treated cells vs. 27% ± 3% for untreated controls (p = 0.05). Poor survival of patients with TP53 mutant medulloblastoma may be related to radiation resistance. Since constitutive activation of the WNT pathway by lithium sensitizes TP53 mutant medulloblastoma cells and protect normal neural stem cells from radiation, this oral drug may represent an attractive novel therapy for high-risk medulloblastomas.
Collapse
|
13
|
Salaroli R, Ronchi A, Buttarelli FR, Cortesi F, Marchese V, Della Bella E, Renna C, Baldi C, Giangaspero F, Cenacchi G. Wnt activation affects proliferation, invasiveness and radiosensitivity in medulloblastoma. J Neurooncol 2014; 121:119-27. [PMID: 25261924 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastomas (MBs) associated with the Wnt activation represent a subgroup with a favorable prognosis, but it remains unclear whether Wnt activation confers a less aggressive phenotype and/or enhances radiosensitivity. To investigate this issue, we evaluated the biological behavior of an MB cell line, UW228-1, stably transfected with human β-catenin cDNA encoding a nondegradable form of β-catenin (UW-B) in standard culture conditions and after radiation treatment. We evaluated the expression, transcriptional activity, and localization of β-catenin in the stably transfected cells using immunofluorescence and WB. We performed morphological analysis using light and electron microscopy. We then analyzed changes in the invasiveness, growth, and mortality in standard culture conditions and after radiation. We demonstrated that (A) Wnt activation inhibited 97 % of the invasion capability of the cells, (B) the growth of the UW-B cells was statistically significantly lower than that of all the other control cells (p < 0.01), (C) the mortality of irradiated UW-B cells was statistically significantly higher than that of the controls and their nonirradiated counterparts (p < 0.05), and (D) morphological features of neuronal differentiation were observed in the Wnt-activated cells. In tissue samples, the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) was lower in β-catenin-positive samples compared to non-β-catenin positive ones. The Ki-67 LI median (LI = 40) of the nuclear β-catenin-positive tumor samples was lower than that of non-nuclear β-catenin-positive samples (LI = 50), but the difference was not statistically significant. Overall, our data suggest that activation of the Wnt pathway reduces the proliferation and invasion of MBs and increases the tumor's radiosensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Salaroli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, "Alma Mater Studiorum" University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Romero-Rojas AE, Diaz-Perez JA, Raju S, Lozano-Castillo A. Neuroradiology and histopathology in two cases of adult medulloblastoma. Neuroradiol J 2014; 27:163-8. [PMID: 24750703 DOI: 10.15274/nrj-2014-10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common central nervous system neoplasm in children and only rarely presents in the adult population. Recent molecular biology findings have characterized MB as a heterogeneous neoplasm distinguished by well-defined tumour subsets each with specific histologic and molecular features. Available immunohistochemical stains can now be used to differentiate the distinct molecular types of MB. This report analyzed the histopathologic and neuroradiologic features of two new cases of adult MB. Imaging studies in these patients revealed the morphological appearance of high-grade, well-circumscribed heterogeneous tumours with necrosis, located laterally within the posterior cranial fossa. Histopathology of resected samples demonstrated high-grade tumours (WHO grade IV) containing sheets of undifferentiated neural cells with high mitotic activity and evidence of necrosis. The histopathologic and molecular characteristics of these cases of MB are reviewed for potential applications in new molecular methods of imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julio A Diaz-Perez
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California; San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA - Department of Pathology, University of Santander; Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Sharat Raju
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California; San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
The WIP1 oncogene promotes progression and invasion of aggressive medulloblastoma variants. Oncogene 2014; 34:1126-40. [PMID: 24632620 PMCID: PMC4722800 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood, is comprised of four disease variants. The WIP1 oncogene is overexpressed in Group 3 and 4 tumors, which contain medulloblastomas with the most aggressive clinical behavior. Our data demonstrate increased WIP1 expression in metastatic medulloblastomas, and inferior progression-free and overall survival of patients with WIP1 high-expressing medulloblastoma. Microarray analysis identified up-regulation of genes involved in tumor metastasis, including the G protein-coupled receptor CXCR4, in medulloblastoma cells with high WIP1 expression. Stimulation with the CXCR4 ligand SDF1ααactivated PI-3 kinase signaling, and promoted growth and invasion of WIP1 high-expressing medulloblastoma cells in a p53-dependent manner. When xenografted into the cerebellum of immunodeficient mice, medulloblastoma cells with stable or endogenous high WIP1 expression exhibited strong expression of CXCR4 and activated AKT in primary and invasive tumor cells. WIP1 or CXCR4 knock-down inhibited medulloblastoma growth and invasion. WIP1 knock-down also improved the survival of mice xenografted with WIP1 high-expressing medulloblastoma cells. WIP1 knock-down inhibited cell surface localization of CXCR4 by suppressing expression of the G protein receptor kinase 5, GRK5. Restoration of wild-type GRK5 promoted Ser339 phosphorylation of CXCR4 and inhibited the growth of WIP1-stable medulloblastoma cells. Conversely, GRK5 knock-down inhibited Ser339 phosphorylation of CXCR4, increased cell surface localization of CXCR4, and promoted the growth of medulloblastoma cells with low WIP1 expression. These results demonstrate cross-talk among WIP1, CXCR4, and GRK5, which may be important for the aggressive phenotype of a subclass of medulloblastomas in children.
Collapse
|
16
|
van Hasselt JGC, van Eijkelenburg NKA, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM, Huitema ADR. Optimizing drug development of anti-cancer drugs in children using modelling and simulation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 76:30-47. [PMID: 23216601 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Modelling and simulation (M&S)-based approaches have been proposed to support paediatric drug development in order to design and analyze clinical studies efficiently. Development of anti-cancer drugs in the paediatric population is particularly challenging due to ethical and practical constraints. We aimed to review the application of M&S in the development of anti-cancer drugs in the paediatric population, and to identify where M&S-based approaches could provide additional support in paediatric drug development of anti-cancer drugs. A structured literature search on PubMed was performed. The majority of identified M&S-based studies aimed to use population PK modelling approaches to identify determinants of inter-individual variability, in order to optimize dosing regimens and to develop therapeutic drug monitoring strategies. Prospective applications of M&S approaches for PK-bridging studies have scarcely been reported for paediatric oncology. Based on recent developments of M&S in drug development there are several opportunities where M&S could support more informative bridging between children and adults, and increase efficiency of the design and analysis of paediatric clinical trials, which should ultimately lead to further optimization of drug treatment strategies in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan G C van Hasselt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute; Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
MacDonald TJ, Aguilera D, Castellino RC. The rationale for targeted therapies in medulloblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2013; 16:9-20. [PMID: 24305711 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent malignant brain tumor in children. Patients with MB who are classified as having high-risk disease or those with recurrent disease respond poorly to current therapies and have an increased risk of MB-related mortality. Preclinical studies and molecular profiling of MB tumors have revealed upregulation or activation of several key signaling pathways such as the sonic hedgehog and WNT pathways. Although the exact mechanisms underlying MB tumorigenesis remain poorly understood, inhibiting these key pathways with molecularly targeted therapies represents an important approach to improving MB outcomes. Several molecularly targeted therapies are already under clinical investigation in MB patients. We discuss current preclinical and clinical data, as well as data from clinical trials of targeted therapies that are either ongoing or in development for MB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobey J MacDonald
- Corresponding author: Robert C. Castellino, MD, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Health Sciences Research Building, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, Room E394, Atlanta, GA 30322.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhukova N, Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Pfaff E, Shih DJH, Martin DC, Castelo-Branco P, Baskin B, Ray PN, Bouffet E, von Bueren AO, Jones DTW, Northcott PA, Kool M, Sturm D, Pugh TJ, Pomeroy SL, Cho YJ, Pietsch T, Gessi M, Rutkowski S, Bognar L, Klekner A, Cho BK, Kim SK, Wang KC, Eberhart CG, Fevre-Montange M, Fouladi M, French PJ, Kros M, Grajkowska WA, Gupta N, Weiss WA, Hauser P, Jabado N, Jouvet A, Jung S, Kumabe T, Lach B, Leonard JR, Rubin JB, Liau LM, Massimi L, Pollack IF, Shin Ra Y, Van Meir EG, Zitterbart K, Schüller U, Hill RM, Lindsey JC, Schwalbe EC, Bailey S, Ellison DW, Hawkins C, Malkin D, Clifford SC, Korshunov A, Pfister S, Taylor MD, Tabori U. Subgroup-specific prognostic implications of TP53 mutation in medulloblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31:2927-35. [PMID: 23835706 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.48.5052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Reports detailing the prognostic impact of TP53 mutations in medulloblastoma offer conflicting conclusions. We resolve this issue through the inclusion of molecular subgroup profiles. PATIENTS AND METHODS We determined subgroup affiliation, TP53 mutation status, and clinical outcome in a discovery cohort of 397 medulloblastomas. We subsequently validated our results on an independent cohort of 156 medulloblastomas. RESULTS TP53 mutations are enriched in wingless (WNT; 16%) and sonic hedgehog (SHH; 21%) medulloblastomas and are virtually absent in subgroups 3 and 4 tumors (P < .001). Patients with SHH/TP53 mutant tumors are almost exclusively between ages 5 and 18 years, dramatically different from the general SHH distribution (P < .001). Children with SHH/TP53 mutant tumors harbor 56% germline TP53 mutations, which are not observed in children with WNT/TP53 mutant tumors. Five-year overall survival (OS; ± SE) was 41% ± 9% and 81% ± 5% for patients with SHH medulloblastomas with and without TP53 mutations, respectively (P < .001). Furthermore, TP53 mutations accounted for 72% of deaths in children older than 5 years with SHH medulloblastomas. In contrast, 5-year OS rates were 90% ± 9% and 97% ± 3% for patients with WNT tumors with and without TP53 mutations (P = .21). Multivariate analysis revealed that TP53 status was the most important risk factor for SHH medulloblastoma. Survival rates in the validation cohort mimicked the discovery results, revealing that poor survival of TP53 mutations is restricted to patients with SHH medulloblastomas (P = .012) and not WNT tumors. CONCLUSION Subgroup-specific analysis reconciles prior conflicting publications and confirms that TP53 mutations are enriched among SHH medulloblastomas, in which they portend poor outcome and account for a large proportion of treatment failures in these patients.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zalatimo O, Zoccoli CM, Patel A, Weston CL, Glantz M. Impact of genetic targets on primary brain tumor therapy: what's ready for prime time? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 779:267-89. [PMID: 23288644 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6176-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary brain tumors constitute a substantial public health problem with 66,290 cases diagnosed in the US in 2012, and 13,700 deaths recorded. With discovery of genetic factors associated with specific brain tumor subtypes, the goal of therapy is changing from treating a class of tumors to developing individualized therapies catering to the molecular composition of the actual tumor. For oligodendrogliomas, the loss of 1p/19q due to an unbalanced translocation improves both survival and the response to therapy, and is thus both a prognostic and a predictive marker. Several additional genetic alterations such as EGFR amplification, MGMT methylation, PDGFR activation, and 9p and 10q loss, have improved our understanding of the characteristics of these tumors and may help guide therapy in the future. For astrocytic tumors, MGMT is associated with a better prognosis and an improved response to temozolomide, and for all glial tumors, mutations in the IDH1 gene are possibly the most potent of good prognostic markers. Three of these markers - 1p/19q deletions, MGMT methylation status, and mutations in the IDH1 gene - are so potent that a new brain tumor subtype, the "triple negative" glioma (1p/19q intact, MGMT unmethylated, IDH1 non-mutated) has entered common parlance. Newer markers, such as CD 133, require additional investigation to determine their prognostic and predictive utility. In medulloblastomas, markers of WNT activation, MYCC/MCYN amplification, and TrkC expression levels are reliable prognostic indicators, but do not yet drive specific treatment selection. Many other proposed markers, such as 17q gain, TP53 mutations, and hMOF protein expression show promise, but are not yet ready for prime time. In this chapter, we focus on the markers that have shown convincing prognostic, predictive, and diagnostic value, and discuss potential markers that are being currently being intensively investigated. We also discuss serum profiling of tumors in an effort to discover additional potential markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Zalatimo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, EC 1001, 30 Hope Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Northcott PA, Dubuc AM, Pfister S, Taylor MD. Molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma. Expert Rev Neurother 2012; 12:871-84. [PMID: 22853794 DOI: 10.1586/ern.12.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent efforts at stratifying medulloblastomas based on their molecular features have revolutionized our understanding of this morbidity. Collective efforts by multiple independent groups have subdivided medulloblastoma from a single disease into four distinct molecular subgroups characterized by disparate transcriptional signatures, mutational spectra, copy number profiles and, most importantly, clinical features. We present a summary of recent studies that have contributed to our understanding of the core medulloblastoma subgroups, focusing largely on clinically relevant discoveries that have already, and will continue to, shape research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Northcott
- The Arthur & Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Milde T, Lodrini M, Savelyeva L, Korshunov A, Kool M, Brueckner LM, Antunes ASLM, Oehme I, Pekrun A, Pfister SM, Kulozik AE, Witt O, Deubzer HE. HD-MB03 is a novel Group 3 medulloblastoma model demonstrating sensitivity to histone deacetylase inhibitor treatment. J Neurooncol 2012; 110:335-48. [PMID: 23054560 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-012-0978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumors in childhood. Emerging evidence suggests that medulloblastoma comprises at least four distinct diseases (WNT, SHH, Group 3 and 4) with different biology, clinical presentation, and outcome, with especially poor prognosis in Group 3. The tight connection of biology and clinical behavior in patients emphasizes the need for subgroup-specific preclinical models in order to develop treatments tailored to each subgroup. Herein we report on the novel cell line HD-MB03, isolated from tumor material of a patient with metastasized Group 3 medulloblastoma, and preclinical testing of different histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) in this model. HD-MB03 cells grow long term in vitro and form metastatic tumors in vivo upon orthotopic transplantation. HD-MB03 cells reflect the original Group 3 medulloblastoma at the histological and molecular level, showing large cell morphology, similar expression patterns for markers Ki67, p53, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a gene expression profile most closely matching Group 3 medulloblastomas, and persistence of typical molecular alterations, i.e., isochromosome 17q [i(17q)] and MYC amplification. Protein expression analysis of HDACs 2, 5, 8, and 9 as well as the predictive marker HR23B showed intermediate to strong expression, suggesting sensitivity to HDACis. Indeed, treatment with HDACis Helminthosporium carbonum (HC)-toxin, vorinostat, and panobinostat revealed high sensitivity to this novel drug class, as well as a radiation-sensitizing effect with significantly increased cell death upon concomitant treatment. In summary, our data indicate that HD-MB03 is a suitable preclinical model for Group 3 medulloblastoma, and HDACis could represent a therapeutic option for this subgroup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Till Milde
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology (G340), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Prognostic value of the TP53 Arg72Pro single-nucleotide polymorphism and susceptibility to medulloblastoma in a cohort of Brazilian patients. J Neurooncol 2012; 110:49-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-012-0950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
23
|
Krzyzankova M, Mertsch S, Koos B, Jeibmann A, Kruse A, Kordes U, Frühwald MC, Wolff JE, Paulus W, Hasselblatt M. Loss of TP53 expression in immortalized choroid plexus epithelial cells results in increased resistance to anticancer agents. J Neurooncol 2012; 109:449-55. [PMID: 22763759 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-012-0915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Choroid plexus carcinomas are malignant brain tumors predominantly arising in young children. Because a prognostic role of p53 alterations has been demonstrated, further research into potential underlying mechanisms is essential. Our objective was, therefore, to investigate the role of p53 in the growth-inhibitory potential of a variety of anticancer agents in the rodent choroid plexus epithelial cell line Z310. Furthermore, association of p53 alterations with proliferative activity (Ki67/MIB1) in choroid plexus carcinoma samples (N = 20) was examined by use of immunohistochemistry. Silencing of TP53 expression did not significantly alter metabolic activity in Z310 cells and p53 protein expression status was not associated with increased proliferative activity in choroid plexus carcinomas. However, the growth-inhibitory activity of vincristine, doxorubicin, carboplatin, etoposide, and temozolomide was significantly impaired by silencing of TP53. In conclusion, these results indicate a potential predictive role of p53 in choroid plexus carcinomas. Alterations of p53 should be taken into account when evaluating the effect of anticancer agents in future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Krzyzankova
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstraße 19, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Samkari A, Hwang E, Packer RJ. Medulloblastoma/Primitive neuroectodermal tumor and germ cell tumors: the uncommon but potentially curable primary brain tumors. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2012; 26:881-95. [PMID: 22794288 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This article presents an overview of medulloblastomas, central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and germ cell tumors for the practicing oncologist. Discussion includes the definition of these tumors, histopathologic findings, molecular and genetic characteristics, prognoses, and evolution of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Samkari
- The Brain Tumor Institute, Division of Neurology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Buss MC, Read TA, Schniederjan MJ, Gandhi K, Castellino RC. HDM2 promotes WIP1-mediated medulloblastoma growth. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:440-58. [PMID: 22379189 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant childhood brain tumor. The protein phosphatase and oncogene WIP1 is over-expressed or amplified in a significant number of primary human medulloblastomas and cell lines. In the present study, we examine an important mechanism by which WIP1 promotes medulloblastoma growth using in vitro and in vivo models. Human cell lines and intracerebellar xenografted animal models were used to study the role of WIP1 and the major TP53 regulator, HDM2, in medulloblastoma growth. Stable expression of WIP1 enhances growth of TP53 wild-type medulloblastoma cells, compared with cells with stable expression of an empty-vector or mutant WIP1. In an animal model, WIP1 enhances proliferation and reduces the survival of immunodeficient mice bearing intracerebellar xenografted human medulloblastoma cells. Cells with increased WIP1 expression also exhibit increased expression of HDM2. HDM2 knockdown or treatment with the HDM2 inhibitor Nutlin-3a, the active enantomer of Nutlin-3, specifically inhibits the growth of medulloblastoma cells with increased WIP1 expression. Nutlin-3a does not affect growth of medulloblastoma cells with stable expression of an empty vector or of mutant WIP1. Knockdown of WIP1 or treatment with the WIP1 inhibitor CCT007093 results in increased phosphorylation of known WIP1 targets, reduced HDM2 expression, and reduced growth specifically in WIP1 wild-type and high-expressing medulloblastoma cells. Combined WIP1 and HDM2 inhibition is more effective than WIP1 inhibition alone in blocking growth of WIP1 high-expressing medulloblastoma cells. Our preclinical study supports a role for therapies that target WIP1 and HDM2 in the treatment of medulloblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan C Buss
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|