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Afshari AR, Sanati M, Ahmadi SS, Kesharwani P, Sahebkar A. Harnessing the capacity of phytochemicals to enhance immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy of cancers: A focus on brain malignancies. Cancer Lett 2024; 593:216955. [PMID: 38750720 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Brain cancers, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are challenging health issues with frequent unmet aspects. Today, discovering safe and effective therapeutic modalities for brain tumors is among the top research interests. Immunotherapy is an emerging area of investigation in cancer treatment. Since immune checkpoints play fundamental roles in repressing anti-cancer immunity, diverse immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been developed, and some monoclonal antibodies have been approved clinically for particular cancers; nevertheless, there are significant concerns regarding their efficacy and safety in brain tumors. Among the various tools to modify the immune checkpoints, phytochemicals show good effectiveness and excellent safety, making them suitable candidates for developing better ICIs. Phytochemicals regulate multiple immunological checkpoint-related signaling pathways in cancer biology; however, their efficacy for clinical cancer immunotherapy remains to be established. Here, we discussed the involvement of immune checkpoints in cancer pathology and summarized recent advancements in applying phytochemicals in modulating immune checkpoints in brain tumors to highlight the state-of-the-art and give constructive prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir R Afshari
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Experimental and Animal Study Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Sziraki A, Lu Z, Lee J, Banyai G, Anderson S, Abdulraouf A, Metzner E, Liao A, Banfelder J, Epstein A, Schaefer C, Xu Z, Zhang Z, Gan L, Nelson PT, Zhou W, Cao J. A global view of aging and Alzheimer's pathogenesis-associated cell population dynamics and molecular signatures in human and mouse brains. Nat Genet 2023; 55:2104-2116. [PMID: 38036784 PMCID: PMC10703679 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Conventional methods fall short in unraveling the dynamics of rare cell types related to aging and diseases. Here we introduce EasySci, an advanced single-cell combinatorial indexing strategy for exploring age-dependent cellular dynamics in the mammalian brain. Profiling approximately 1.5 million single-cell transcriptomes and 400,000 chromatin accessibility profiles across diverse mouse brains, we identified over 300 cell subtypes, uncovering their molecular characteristics and spatial locations. This comprehensive view elucidates rare cell types expanded or depleted upon aging. We also investigated cell-type-specific responses to genetic alterations linked to Alzheimer's disease, identifying associated rare cell types. Additionally, by profiling 118,240 human brain single-cell transcriptomes, we discerned cell- and region-specific transcriptomic changes tied to Alzheimer's pathogenesis. In conclusion, this research offers a valuable resource for probing cell-type-specific dynamics in both normal and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Sziraki
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ziyu Lu
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jasper Lee
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabor Banyai
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sonya Anderson
- Department of Pathology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Abdulraouf Abdulraouf
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eli Metzner
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Liao
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Banfelder
- High Performance Computing Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Epstein
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chloe Schaefer
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zihan Xu
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zehao Zhang
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Junyue Cao
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Tseng LM, Lau KY, Chen JL, Chu PY, Huang TT, Lee CH, Wang WL, Chang YY, Huang CT, Huang CC, Chao TC, Tsai YF, Lai JI, Dai MS, Liu CY. Regorafenib induces damage-associated molecular patterns, cancer cell death and immune modulatory effects in a murine triple negative breast cancer model. Exp Cell Res 2023; 429:113652. [PMID: 37209991 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including calreticulin (CRT) exposure, high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) elevation, and ATP release, characterize immunogenic cell death (ICD) and may play a role in cancer immunotherapy. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an immunogenic subtype of breast cancer with higher lymphocyte infiltration. Here, we found that regorafenib, a multi-target angiokinase inhibitor previously known to suppress STAT3 signaling, induced DAMPs and cell death in TNBC cells. Regorafenib induced the expression of HMGB1 and CRT, and the release of ATP. Regorafenib-induced HMGB1 and CRT were attenuated following STAT3 overexpression. In a 4T1 syngeneic murine model, regorafenib treatment increased HMGB1 and CRT expression in xenografts, and effectively suppressed 4T1 tumor growth. Immunohistochemical staining revealed increased CD4+ and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells in 4T1 xenografts following regorafenib treatment. Regorafenib treatment or programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade using anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody reduced lung metastasis of 4T1 cells in immunocompetent mice. While regorafenib increases the proportion of MHC II high expression on dendritic cells in mice with smaller tumors, the combination of regorafenib and PD-1 blockade did not show a synergistic effect on anti-tumor activity. These results suggest that regorafenib induces ICD and suppresses tumor progression in TNBC. It should be carefully evaluated when developing a combination therapy with an anti-PD-1 antibody and a STAT3 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ming Tseng
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ka-Yi Lau
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Lin Chen
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Huang
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Han Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lun Wang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ya Chang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Teng Huang
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yang-Ming Branch of Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Huang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chung Chao
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Chemotherapy, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Tsai
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-I Lai
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shen Dai
- Hematology/Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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4
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Blomberg E, Silginer M, Roth P, Weller M. Differential roles of type I interferon signaling in tumor versus host cells in experimental glioma models. Transl Oncol 2022; 28:101607. [PMID: 36571986 PMCID: PMC9800198 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite multimodal treatment approaches including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the median survival for patients with glioblastoma remains in the range of one year and thus poor. Type I interferons (IFN) are involved in immune responses to viral infection and exhibit anti-tumor activity in certain cancers. Here we explored the biological relevance of constitutive type I IFN signaling in murine glioma models in vitro and in vivo. CT-2A, GL-261, SMA-497, SMA-540 and SMA-560 murine glioma cells expressed IFN type I receptors IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 and were responsive to exogenous IFN stimulation. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of IFNAR1 decreased the baseline expression of type I IFN response genes in GL-261 cells, but neither in CT-2A nor in SMA-560 cells. IFNAR1 deletion slowed growth in GL-261 and SMA-560, but not in CT-2A cells. However, only the growth of IFNAR1-depleted GL-261 tumors and not that of SMA-560 tumors was delayed in vivo upon orthotopic tumor cell implantation into syngeneic mice. This survival gain was no longer detected when the IFNAR1-depleted GL-261 cells were inoculated into IFNAR1-deficient mice. Altogether these data suggest that constitutive type I IFN signaling in gliomas may be pro-tumorigenic, but only in a microenvironment that is proficient for type I IFN signaling in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Blomberg
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Zürich
| | - Manuela Silginer
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Roth
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Zürich,Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Zürich,Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Corresponding author at: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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5
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Mukaddam K, Ruggiero S, Berger SM, Cholewa D, Kühl S, Vegh D, Payer M, Bornstein MM, Alhawasli F, Fasler-Kan E. Cytokines Activate JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway in MG-63 Cells on Titanium and Zirconia. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5621. [PMID: 36013763 PMCID: PMC9414789 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although titanium has been traditionally used as the gold standard for dental implants, recent years have seen the widespread application of zirconia implants given their superiority with regards to reduced bacterial adhesion, inflammation and cellular-interaction in terms of bio-compatibility. The JAK-STAT signaling pathway plays an important role in bone remodeling and formation. The aim of the study was to investigate the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway through different cytokines in osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) on zirconia in comparison to titanium discs. IFN-γ induced the very strong activation of STAT1 protein, IFN-α activated both STAT1 and STAT3 molecules, IL-6 activated STAT3 and IL-4 induced the activation of STAT6 on both surfaces. The activation of STAT proteins was confirmed by western blot, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry using phospho-specific anti-STAT antibodies, which recognize only phosphorylated STAT proteins. The incubation of MG-63 cells with IFN-γ caused the upregulation of MHC class I and class II proteins when MG-63 cells were grown on zirconia and titanium discs. In sum, the present study shows that the JAK-STAT pathway is activated in MG-63 cells when they are incubated on titanium or zirconia surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Mukaddam
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi utca 47, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sabrina Ruggiero
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Steffen M. Berger
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dietmar Cholewa
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kühl
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Vegh
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi utca 47, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael Payer
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael M. Bornstein
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel (UZB), University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Farah Alhawasli
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elizaveta Fasler-Kan
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Multiple Faces of the Glioblastoma Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020595. [PMID: 35054779 PMCID: PMC8775531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a highly dynamic accumulation of resident and infiltrating tumor cells, responsible for growth and invasion. The authors focused on the leading-edge concepts regarding the glioblastoma microenvironment. Due to the fact that the modern trend in the research and treatment of glioblastoma is represented by multiple approaches that target not only the primary tumor but also the neighboring tissue, the study of the microenvironment in the peritumoral tissue is an appealing direction for current and future therapies.
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7
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Burster T, Traut R, Yermekkyzy Z, Mayer K, Westhoff MA, Bischof J, Knippschild U. Critical View of Novel Treatment Strategies for Glioblastoma: Failure and Success of Resistance Mechanisms by Glioblastoma Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:695325. [PMID: 34485282 PMCID: PMC8415230 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.695325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the invasive nature of glioblastoma, which is the most common form of malignant brain tumor, the standard care by surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy is particularly challenging. The presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and the surrounding tumor microenvironment protects glioblastoma from recognition by the immune system. Conventional therapy concepts have failed to completely remove glioblastoma cells, which is one major drawback in clinical management of the disease. The use of small molecule inhibitors, immunomodulators, immunotherapy, including peptide and mRNA vaccines, and virotherapy came into focus for the treatment of glioblastoma. Although novel strategies underline the benefit for anti-tumor effectiveness, serious challenges need to be overcome to successfully manage tumorigenesis, indicating the significance of developing new strategies. Therefore, we provide insights into the application of different medications in combination to boost the host immune system to interfere with immune evasion of glioblastoma cells which are promising prerequisites for therapeutic approaches to treat glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Burster
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Rebecca Traut
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Zhanerke Yermekkyzy
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Katja Mayer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Joachim Bischof
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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8
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Wei X, Meel MH, Breur M, Bugiani M, Hulleman E, Phoenix TN. Defining tumor-associated vascular heterogeneity in pediatric high-grade and diffuse midline gliomas. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:142. [PMID: 34425907 PMCID: PMC8381557 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays important roles in brain tumor pathogenesis and treatment response, yet our understanding of its function and heterogeneity within or across brain tumor types remains poorly characterized. Here we analyze the neurovascular unit (NVU) of pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) and diffuse midline glioma (DMG) using patient derived xenografts and natively forming glioma mouse models. We show tumor-associated vascular differences between these glioma subtypes, and parallels between PDX and mouse model systems, with DMG models maintaining a more normal vascular architecture, BBB function and endothelial transcriptional program relative to pHGG models. Unlike prior work in angiogenic brain tumors, we find that expression of secreted Wnt antagonists do not alter the tumor-associated vascular phenotype in DMG tumor models. Together, these findings highlight vascular heterogeneity between pHGG and DMG and differences in their response to alterations in developmental BBB signals that may participate in driving these pathological differences.
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9
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Vidal V, Gutierrez O, Talamillo A, Velasquez C, Fernandez-Luna JL. Glioblastoma invasion factor ODZ1 is induced by microenvironmental signals through activation of a Stat3-dependent transcriptional pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16196. [PMID: 34376733 PMCID: PMC8355191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the transmembrane protein ODZ1 serves for glioblastoma (GBM) cells to invade the surrounding tissue through activation of RhoA/ROCK pathway. However, the transcriptional machinery used by GBM cells to regulate the expression of ODZ1 is unknown. Here we show that interaction with tumor microenvironment elements, mainly activated monocytes through IL-6 secretion, and the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin, induces the Stat3 transcriptional pathway and upregulates ODZ1 which results in GBM cell migration. This signaling route is abrogated by blocking the IL-6 receptor, inhibiting Jak kinases or knocking down Stat3. Furthermore, we have identified a Stat3 responsive element in the ODZ1 gene promoter, about 1 kb from the transcription start site. Luciferase-reporter assays confirmed that the promoter responds to the presence of monocytic cells and this activation is greatly reduced when the Stat3 site is mutated or following treatment with a neutralizing anti-IL-6 receptor antibody or transfecting GBM cells with a dominant negative variant of Stat3. Overall, we show that monocyte-secreted IL-6 and the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin activate the axis Stat3-ODZ1 and promote migration of GBM cells. This is the first described transcriptional mechanism used by tumor cells to promote the expression of the invasion factor ODZ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vidal
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Olga Gutierrez
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Ana Talamillo
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Carlos Velasquez
- Neurosurgery Service, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Jose L Fernandez-Luna
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008, Santander, Spain.
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10
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Himes BT, Peterson TE, de Mooij T, Garcia LMC, Jung MY, Uhm S, Yan D, Tyson J, Jin-Lee HJ, Parney D, Abukhadra Y, Gustafson MP, Dietz AB, Johnson AJ, Dong H, Maus RL, Markovic S, Lucien F, Parney IF. The role of extracellular vesicles and PD-L1 in glioblastoma-mediated immunosuppressive monocyte induction. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:967-978. [PMID: 32080744 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppression in glioblastoma (GBM) is an obstacle to effective immunotherapy. GBM-derived immunosuppressive monocytes are central to this. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint molecule, expressed by GBM cells and GBM extracellular vesicles (EVs). We sought to determine the role of EV-associated PD-L1 in the formation of immunosuppressive monocytes. METHODS Monocytes collected from healthy donors were conditioned with GBM-derived EVs to induce the formation of immunosuppressive monocytes, which were quantified via flow cytometry. Donor-matched T cells were subsequently co-cultured with EV-conditioned monocytes in order to assess effects on T-cell proliferation. PD-L1 constitutive overexpression or short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown was used to determined the role of altered PD-L1 expression. RESULTS GBM EVs interact with both T cells and monocytes but do not directly inhibit T-cell activation. However, GBM EVs induce immunosuppressive monocytes, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and nonclassical monocytes (NCMs). MDSCs and NCMs inhibit T-cell proliferation in vitro and are found within GBM in situ. EV PD-L1 expression induces NCMs but not MDSCs, and does not affect EV-conditioned monocytes T-cell inhibition. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that GBM EV-mediated immunosuppression occurs through induction of immunosuppressive monocytes rather than direct T-cell inhibition and that, while PD-L1 expression is important for the induction of specific immunosuppressive monocyte populations, immunosuppressive signaling mechanisms through EVs are complex and not limited to PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Himes
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Tristan de Mooij
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Luz M Cumba Garcia
- Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mi-Yeon Jung
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sarah Uhm
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David Yan
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jasmine Tyson
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Helen J Jin-Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel Parney
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Allan B Dietz
- Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aaron J Johnson
- Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Urology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Haidong Dong
- Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rachel L Maus
- Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Oncology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Svetomir Markovic
- Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Oncology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Ian F Parney
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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11
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Zefferino R, Piccoli C, Di Gioia S, Capitanio N, Conese M. How Cells Communicate with Each Other in the Tumor Microenvironment: Suggestions to Design Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Cancer Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052550. [PMID: 33806300 PMCID: PMC7961918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexin- and pannexin (Panx)-formed hemichannels (HCs) and gap junctions (GJs) operate an interaction with the extracellular matrix and GJ intercellular communication (GJIC), and on account of this they are involved in cancer onset and progression towards invasiveness and metastatization. When we deal with cancer, it is not correct to omit the immune system, as well as neglecting its role in resisting or succumbing to formation and progression of incipient neoplasia until the formation of micrometastasis, nevertheless what really occurs in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which are the main players and which are the tumor or body allies, is still unclear. The goal of this article is to discuss how the pivotal players act, which can enhance or contrast cancer progression during two important process: "Activating Invasion and Metastasis" and the "Avoiding Immune Destruction", with a particular emphasis on the interplay among GJIC, Panx-HCs, and the purinergic system in the TME without disregarding the inflammasome and cytokines thereof derived. In particular, the complex and contrasting roles of Panx1/P2X7R signalosome in tumor facilitation and/or inhibition is discussed in regard to the early/late phases of the carcinogenesis. Finally, considering this complex interplay in the TME between cancer cells, stromal cells, immune cells, and focusing on their means of communication, we should be capable of revealing harmful messages that help the cancer growth and transform them in body allies, thus designing novel therapeutic strategies to fight cancer in a personalized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Zefferino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.D.G.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0881-884673
| | - Claudia Piccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (N.C.)
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.D.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (N.C.)
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.D.G.); (M.C.)
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12
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Liu Y, Shi N, Regev A, He S, Hemann MT. Integrated regulatory models for inference of subtype-specific susceptibilities in glioblastoma. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9506. [PMID: 32974985 PMCID: PMC7516378 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant form of cancer that lacks effective treatment options or well-defined strategies for personalized cancer therapy. The disease has been stratified into distinct molecular subtypes; however, the underlying regulatory circuitry that gives rise to such heterogeneity and its implications for therapy remain unclear. We developed a modular computational pipeline, Integrative Modeling of Transcription Regulatory Interactions for Systematic Inference of Susceptibility in Cancer (inTRINSiC), to dissect subtype-specific regulatory programs and predict genetic dependencies in individual patient tumors. Using a multilayer network consisting of 518 transcription factors (TFs), 10,733 target genes, and a signaling layer of 3,132 proteins, we were able to accurately identify differential regulatory activity of TFs that shape subtype-specific expression landscapes. Our models also allowed inference of mechanisms for altered TF behavior in different GBM subtypes. Most importantly, we were able to use the multilayer models to perform an in silico perturbation analysis to infer differential genetic vulnerabilities across GBM subtypes and pinpoint the MYB family member MYBL2 as a drug target specific for the Proneural subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Liu
- Department of BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- MIT Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchCambridgeMAUSA
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Ning Shi
- School of Computer ScienceUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Aviv Regev
- Department of BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- MIT Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchCambridgeMAUSA
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Shan He
- School of Computer ScienceUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Michael T Hemann
- Department of BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- MIT Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchCambridgeMAUSA
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
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13
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Role of Neutrophils and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Glioma Progression and Treatment Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061954. [PMID: 32182988 PMCID: PMC7139844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent efforts in brain tumor research have been directed towards the modulation of the immune system for therapeutic interventions. Several human cancers, including gliomas, are infiltrated with immune cell types-including neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells-that contribute to tumor progression, invasiveness, and treatment resistance. The role of tumor-associated neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer biology remains elusive, as these cells can exert a multitude of pro-tumor and antitumor effects. In this review, we provide the current understanding and novel insights on the role of neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in glioma progression and treatment resistance, as well as the mechanisms of pleiotropic behaviors in these cells during disease progression, with an emphasis on possible strategies to reprogram these cells towards their antitumor actions.
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14
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Abstract
Glioblastoma, also referred to as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is an aggressive type of brain cancer. The prognosis for GBM is poor with an average medium survival rate of 12-15 months. GBM is highly challenging to treat due to neural stem cells phenotypic variations. These variations are determined by the tumor microenvironment (TME), which refers to all the molecules, cells, and structures that encompass and support other cells and tissues. Along with these, other vital components of the TME are fibroblasts, immune and inflammatory cells, blood and lymphatic vascular networks, extracellular matrix, and signaling molecules. This chapter provides an in-depth review of the vital components that form the TME and methods currently under development attempting to target each key area.
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15
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Strepkos D, Markouli M, Klonou A, Piperi C, Papavassiliou AG. Insights in the immunobiology of glioblastoma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 98:1-10. [PMID: 31650201 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a grade IV astrocytoma, is considered as the most malignant intracranial tumor, characterized by poor prognosis and therapy resistance. Tumor heterogeneity that often leads to distinct functional phenotypes contributes to glioblastoma (GB) indispensable growth and aggressiveness. The complex interaction of neoplastic cells with tumor microenvironment (TME) along with the presence of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) largely confers to extrinsic and intrinsic GB heterogeneity. Recent data indicate that glioma cells secrete a variety of soluble immunoregulatory factors to attract different cell types to TME including astrocytes, endothelial cells, circulating stem cells, and a range of immune cells. These further induce a local production of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors which upon crosstalk with extracellular matrix (ECM) components reprogram immune cells to inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes and manipulate host's immune response in favor of cancer growth and metastasis. Herein, we provide an overview of the immunobiologic factors that orchestrate the complex network of glioma cells and TME interactions in an effort to identify potential therapeutic targets for GB malignancy. Current therapeutic schemes and advances in targeting GB-TME crosstalk are further discussed. KEY MESSAGES: • Intrinsic and extrinsic tumor heterogeneity affects GB growth and aggressiveness. • GB cells secrete growth factors and chemoattractants to recruit immune cells to TME. • GAMs are a critical cell type in promoting GB growth. • GAMs change from pro-inflammatory, anti-tumor M1 phenotype to pro-tumorigenic M2. • Novel therapeutic agents target the crosstalk of neoplastic cells with TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Strepkos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street-Bldg 16, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Mariam Markouli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street-Bldg 16, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexia Klonou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street-Bldg 16, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street-Bldg 16, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street-Bldg 16, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
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16
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De Felice F, Pranno N, Marampon F, Musio D, Salducci M, Polimeni A, Tombolini V. Immune check-point in glioblastoma multiforme. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 138:60-69. [PMID: 31092387 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents one of the main frequent and aggressive primary brain neoplasms among adults worldwide. Despite a first-line multimodal treatment, including radical surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy with concomitant temozolomide-based chemotherapy, GBM prognosis continues to be unfavourable. During this decade, different research groups have explored immune check-point inhibitors role in order to improve response to therapy and subsequently prolong survival rate. The aim of this review was to analyze published literature to support immune check-point inhibitors use in the management of patients with GBM diagnosis. The hope was to help physicians for better decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Felice
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - N Pranno
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - F Marampon
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Musio
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Salducci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - V Tombolini
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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17
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Abedalthagafi M, Barakeh D, Foshay KM. Immunogenetics of glioblastoma: the future of personalized patient management. NPJ Precis Oncol 2018; 2:27. [PMID: 30534602 PMCID: PMC6279755 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-018-0070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of glioblastoma has changed little over the past two decades, with only minor improvements in length of overall survival through the addition of temozolomide (temodal) to standard of care and the recommended use of alternating electric field therapy (optune) to newly diagnosed patients. In an effort to define novel therapeutic targets across molecularly heterogeneous disease subgroups, researchers have begun to uncover the complex interplay between epigenetics, cell signaling, metabolism, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Indeed, IDH mutations are now recognized as a defining differential factor not only influencing global hypermethylation and patient prognosis but also degree of immune infiltration within individual tumors. Likewise, next-generation sequencing has defined subgroup-specific transcriptional profiles that correlate with different mechanisms of immune evasion, including increased PD-L1 and CTLA-4 among mesenchymal tumors. Interestingly, sequencing of the T cell repertoire from numerous patient samples suggests that the correlation between mutational burden and enrichment of tumor-specific peptides may be less convincing than originally suspected. While this raises questions over the efficacy of dendritic cell or tumor-lysate vaccines and CAR-T therapies, these avenues continue to be explored. In addition to these active immunotherapies, inhibitors of molecular hubs with wide reaching effects, including STAT3, IDO, and TGF-β, are now in early-phase clinical trials. With the potential to block intrinsic biological properties of tumor growth and invasion while bolstering the immunogenic profile of the tumor microenvironment, these new targets represent a new direction for GBM therapies. In this review, we show the advances in molecular profiling and immunophenotyping of GBM, which may lead to the development of new personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Abedalthagafi
- 1Genomics Research Department, Saudi Human Genome Project, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,2Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Duna Barakeh
- 1Genomics Research Department, Saudi Human Genome Project, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kara M Foshay
- Inova Neuroscience and Spine Institute, Inova Health Systems, Falls Church, VA USA
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18
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Stat3-positive tumor cells contribute to vessels neoformation in primary central nervous system lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31254-31269. [PMID: 28415725 PMCID: PMC5458205 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim of elucidating the relationship between Stat3 expression and tumor vessels abnormalities in the PCNLs, in this study we evaluated Stat3 and pStat3 expression by Real-time PCR and by immunohistochemistry in biopsy sections from PCNSL patients. Correlations of the expression levels with the presence of aberrant vessels were analyzed by confocal laser microscopy analysis, using FVIII as endothelial cell marker, CD133 and nestin as cancer stem cell (CSC) marker, CD20 as tumor cell marker, and Stat3. In addition, we investigated Stat3 mutations in lymphoma cells to clarify the role of the constitutive expression of Stat3 and of its phosphorylated forms. Results showed that in PCNSL, putative endothelial cells lining the vessels are heterogeneous, expressing FVIII/ pStat3/CD133 (presumably originally they are vascular progenitor cells), as well as FVIII/CD20/CD133 (presumably originally they are tumor cells). Finally, we detected a fraction of the FVIII+ endothelial cell that co-expressed Stat3 bearing a tetraploid karyotype, while no amplification signal for the Stat3 gene was detected.
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19
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An Z, Aksoy O, Zheng T, Fan QW, Weiss WA. Epidermal growth factor receptor and EGFRvIII in glioblastoma: signaling pathways and targeted therapies. Oncogene 2018; 37:1561-1575. [PMID: 29321659 PMCID: PMC5860944 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its active mutant EGFRvIII occurs frequently in glioblastoma (GBM). While EGFR and EGFRvIII play critical roles in pathogenesis, targeted therapy with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or antibodies has only shown limited efficacy in patients. Here we discuss signaling pathways mediated by EGFR/EGFRvIII, current therapeutics, and novel strategies to target EGFR/EGFRvIII-amplified GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi An
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ozlem Aksoy
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tina Zheng
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qi-Wen Fan
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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20
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Roesch S, Rapp C, Dettling S, Herold-Mende C. When Immune Cells Turn Bad-Tumor-Associated Microglia/Macrophages in Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020436. [PMID: 29389898 PMCID: PMC5855658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As a substantial part of the brain tumor microenvironment (TME), glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) have an emerging role in tumor progression and in controlling anti-tumor immune responses. We review challenges and improvements of cell models and highlight the contribution of this highly plastic cell population to an immunosuppressive TME, besides their well-known functional role regarding glioma cell invasion and angiogenesis. Finally, we summarize first therapeutic interventions to target GAMs and their effect on the immunobiology of gliomas, focusing on their interaction with T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Roesch
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Carmen Rapp
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Steffen Dettling
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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21
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Chang N, Ahn SH, Kong DS, Lee HW, Nam DH. The role of STAT3 in glioblastoma progression through dual influences on tumor cells and the immune microenvironment. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 451:53-65. [PMID: 28089821 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of cancer that begins within the brain; generally, the patient has a dismal prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a critical mediator of tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and suppression of anti-tumor immunity in GBM. In a high percentage of GBM cells and tumor microenvironments, persistent activation of STAT3 induces cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, glioma stem cell maintenance, tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. This makes STAT3 an attractive therapeutic target and a prognostic indicator in GBM. Targeting STAT3 affords an opportunity to disrupt multiple pro-oncogenic pathways at a single molecular hub. Unfortunately, there are no successful STAT3 inhibitors currently in clinical trials. However, strong clinical evidence implicating STAT3 as a major factor in GBM justifies the identification of safe and effective strategies for inhibiting STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakho Chang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Sun Hee Ahn
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Doo-Sik Kong
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea.
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Departments of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea.
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22
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The anti-tumor activity of the STAT3 inhibitor STX-0119 occurs via promotion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte accumulation in temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cell line. Immunol Lett 2017; 190:20-25. [PMID: 28716484 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
STAT3 is considered to be a key molecule to mediating tumor-induced immunosuppression in various manners at tumor sites, by acting through immune-regulatory cytokines derived from the tumor cells. Specific anti-STAT3 inhibitors have been developed using nude mouse models transplanted with human tumor cells. However, mouse systems cannot accurately represent the human immune response induced by STAT3 inhibitors, and more humanized therapeutic model based on human immune cells and tumors are needed. In the present study, an immune-deficient NOG mouse with the deletion of both MHC-class I and class II genes, an MHC-double knockout mouse (dKO-NOG), was developed and used to establish humanized immunotherapeutic model. We investigated the immunological effect of the STAT3 inhibitor STX-0119 against TMZ-resistant (TMZ-R) U87 glioma tumors by using humanized dKO-NOG mice. We compared the anti-tumor effects of STX-0119 between the nude and humanized dKO-NOG mouse models. An in vivo study using the nude mouse model showed that STX-0119 inhibited the growth of TMZR U87 tumors, but accumulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were not promoted compared with the control levels. In contrast, STX-0119 inhibited tumor growth more rapidly and strongly in humanized dKO-NOG mice than in nude mice, and a large amount of TILs, mainly consisting of CD8+ T cells and macrophages, were found in the tumors. These results suggest that STX-0119 has anti-tumor activity occurring through the promotion of TIL accumulation at the tumor site and that humanized dKO-NOG mouse system may be a powerful tool to evaluate the effects of STAT3 inhibitors on human systems.
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23
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The Process and Regulatory Components of Inflammation in Brain Oncogenesis. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7020034. [PMID: 28346397 PMCID: PMC5485723 DOI: 10.3390/biom7020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system tumors comprising the primary cancers and brain metastases remain the most lethal neoplasms and challenging to treat. Substantial evidence points to a paramount role for inflammation in the pathology leading to gliomagenesis, malignant progression and tumor aggressiveness in the central nervous system (CNS) microenvironment. This review summarizes the salient contributions of oxidative stress, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), cyclooxygenases, and transcription factors such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-κB) and the associated cross-talks to the inflammatory signaling in CNS cancers. The roles of reactive astrocytes, tumor associated microglia and macrophages, metabolic alterations, microsatellite instability, O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) DNA repair and epigenetic alterations mediated by the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations have been discussed. The inflammatory pathways with relevance to the brain cancer treatments have been highlighted.
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24
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Liu LH, Li H, Cheng XX, Kong QY, Chen XY, Wu ML, Li Y, Liu J, Li C. Correlative analyses of the expression levels of PIAS3, p-SHP2, SOCS1 and SOCS3 with STAT3 activation in human astrocytomas. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:847-852. [PMID: 28035384 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in the growth and survival of glioblastoma cells has been well documented, while the reasons leading to STAT3 activation remains to be elucidated. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1 and SOCS3, SH2 domain‑containing phosphatase (SHP2) and protein inhibitors of activated STAT3 (PIAS3) are known to inhibit STAT3 signal transduction, while their expression statuses in the four grades of astrocytomas and relevance with STAT3 activation remain to be described. The present study aimed to address these issues by tissue microarray‑based immunohistochemical profiling the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)‑STAT3, SOCS1, SOCS3, PIAS3 and p‑SHP2. The results revealed that p‑STAT3 nuclear translocation was rarely observed in non‑cancerous brain tissues and its frequencies were increased in a tumor grade‑associated manner (65.2, 77.1, 81.8 and 85.7% for grade I‑IV, respectively). PIAS3, p‑SHP2, SOCS1 and SOCS3 were expressed in higher levels (++ and +++) in 63.6, 90, 87.5 and 81.8% of tumor surrounding brain tissues, which reduced to 13.1, 47.8, 33.3 and 50% in grade I, 11.4, 65.7, 58.3 and 77.1% in grade II, 9.1, 63.6, 38.1 and 31.8% in grade III and 7.1, 66.7, 30.8 and 7.1% in grade IV astrocytomas. The above results revealed that although the expression levels of SOCS1, SOCS3 and, in particular, p‑SHP2, tend to decrease in the four types of astrocytomas, PIAS3 downregulation is more negatively correlated with STAT3 activation in the stepwise progress of astrocytomas and would indicate an unfavorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Liu
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Xin Cheng
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Qing-You Kong
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Mo-Li Wu
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Cong Li
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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25
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Dutoit V, Migliorini D, Dietrich PY, Walker PR. Immunotherapy of Malignant Tumors in the Brain: How Different from Other Sites? Front Oncol 2016; 6:256. [PMID: 28003994 PMCID: PMC5141244 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is now advancing at remarkable pace for tumors located in various tissues, including the brain. Strategies launched decades ago, such as tumor antigen-specific therapeutic vaccines and adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are being complemented by molecular engineering approaches allowing the development of tumor-specific TCR transgenic and chimeric antigen receptor T cells. In addition, the spectacular results obtained in the last years with immune checkpoint inhibitors are transfiguring immunotherapy, these agents being used both as single molecules, but also in combination with other immunotherapeutic modalities. Implementation of these various strategies is ongoing for more and more malignancies, including tumors located in the brain, raising the question of the immunological particularities of this site. This may necessitate cautious selection of tumor antigens, minimizing the immunosuppressive environment and promoting efficient T cell trafficking to the tumor. Once these aspects are taken into account, we might efficiently design immunotherapy for patients suffering from tumors located in the brain, with beneficial clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Dutoit
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Center of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Denis Migliorini
- Oncology, Center of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Dietrich
- Oncology, Center of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Paul R Walker
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Center of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
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26
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Ouédraogo ZG, Biau J, Kemeny JL, Morel L, Verrelle P, Chautard E. Role of STAT3 in Genesis and Progression of Human Malignant Gliomas. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5780-5797. [PMID: 27660268 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is aberrantly activated in glioblastoma and has been identified as a relevant therapeutic target in this disease and many other human cancers. After two decades of intensive research, there is not yet any approved STAT3-based glioma therapy. In addition to the canonical activation by tyrosine 705 phosphorylation, concordant reports described a potential therapeutic relevance of other post-translational modifications including mainly serine 727 phosphorylation. Such reports reinforce the need to refine the strategy of targeting STAT3 in each concerned disease. This review focuses on the role of serine 727 and tyrosine 705 phosphorylation of STAT3 in glioma. It explores their contribution to glial cell transformation and to the mechanisms that make glioma escape to both immune control and standard treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zangbéwendé Guy Ouédraogo
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre Jean Perrin, EA7283 CREaT - Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, F-63000-63011, Clermont Ferrand, France.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, de Toxicologie et de Chimie Thérapeutique, Université de Ouagadougou, 03, Ouagadougou, BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Julian Biau
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre Jean Perrin, EA7283 CREaT - Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, F-63000-63011, Clermont Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Institut Curie, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Louis Kemeny
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Anatomopathologie, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Morel
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise-Pascal, GReD, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, 24 Avenue des Landais BP80026, 63171, Aubière, France
| | - Pierre Verrelle
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre Jean Perrin, EA7283 CREaT - Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, F-63000-63011, Clermont Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Institut Curie, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuel Chautard
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,Département de Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre Jean Perrin, EA7283 CREaT - Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, F-63000-63011, Clermont Ferrand, France.
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27
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Jain R, Atak A, Yeola A, Srivastava S. Proteomic level changes associated with S3I201 treated U87 glioma cells. J Proteomics 2016; 150:341-350. [PMID: 27565396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is Grade IV brain tumor associated with high mortality and limited therapeutics. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is persistently active in several cancers including gliomas, and plays a major role in disease progression and survival of glioma patients, thus being a potential therapeutic target for treatment. S3I201 and its analogs inhibit the transcriptional functions of STAT3 and reduce growth of tumor tissues. Here we have studied proteomic alteration associated with S3I201 treated U87 cells using 2-DE and Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation coupled with mass spectrometry. This analysis revealed 136 differentially expressed proteins which were functionally classified with gene ontology analysis. Results showed metabolism, apoptosis, cytoskeletal behaviour, cell redox homeostasis and immune response as the most affected biological processes on S3I201 treatment. Apoptosis-inducing factor 1 mitochondrial, cyclophilin A and chloride intra-cellular channel protein 1 were found to be up-regulated which possibly contributes to its anti-tumorigenic function. Several glycolytic enzymes like phosphoglycerate mutase 1 were also found to be up-regulated and its expression was validated using immunoblot. Conclusively, our study shows the downstream effects of S3I201 in U87 glioma cells and suggests its therapeutic potential. SIGNIFICANCE Gliomas with constitutive expression can be treated with STAT3 inhibitors. S3I201, a STAT3 inhibitor, reduces the growth of glioma cells thus could be studied further for its application as anti-glioma agent. This study investigated proteomic alteration associated with S3I201 in U87 cells using complementary proteomic approaches, and our findings suggest that S3I201 influences central metabolism, apoptosis, cytoskeletal behaviour, cell redox homeostasis and immune response as the most affected biological processes which altogether contribute to its anti-tumorigenic activity. Several proteins were identified which may serve as prognostic or predictive markers in GBM. Apoptosis-inducing factor 1 mitochondrial and cyclophilin A were identified as potential therapeutic targets and further investigations on these candidates may facilitate therapeutic development and suggests that GBM therapy can be improved by targeting cellular metabolism and by using immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Jain
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Apurva Atak
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Avani Yeola
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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28
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Kim JE, Patel MA, Mangraviti A, Kim ES, Theodros D, Velarde E, Liu A, Sankey EW, Tam A, Xu H, Mathios D, Jackson CM, Harris-Bookman S, Garzon-Muvdi T, Sheu M, Martin AM, Tyler BM, Tran PT, Ye X, Olivi A, Taube JM, Burger PC, Drake CG, Brem H, Pardoll DM, Lim M. Combination Therapy with Anti-PD-1, Anti-TIM-3, and Focal Radiation Results in Regression of Murine Gliomas. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:124-136. [PMID: 27358487 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Checkpoint molecules like programmed death-1 (PD-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) are negative immune regulators that may be upregulated in the setting of glioblastoma multiforme. Combined PD-1 blockade and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) have been shown to improve antitumor immunity and produce long-term survivors in a murine glioma model. However, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can express multiple checkpoints, and expression of ≥2 checkpoints corresponds to a more exhausted T-cell phenotype. We investigate TIM-3 expression in a glioma model and the antitumor efficacy of TIM-3 blockade alone and in combination with anti-PD-1 and SRS. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN C57BL/6 mice were implanted with murine glioma cell line GL261-luc2 and randomized into 8 treatment arms: (i) control, (ii) SRS, (iii) anti-PD-1 antibody, (iv) anti-TIM-3 antibody, (v) anti-PD-1 + SRS, (vi) anti-TIM-3 + SRS, (vii) anti-PD-1 + anti-TIM-3, and (viii) anti-PD-1 + anti-TIM-3 + SRS. Survival and immune activation were assessed. RESULTS Dual therapy with anti-TIM-3 antibody + SRS or anti-TIM-3 + anti-PD-1 improved survival compared with anti-TIM-3 antibody alone. Triple therapy resulted in 100% overall survival (P < 0.05), a significant improvement compared with other arms. Long-term survivors demonstrated increased immune cell infiltration and activity and immune memory. Finally, positive staining for TIM-3 was detected in 7 of 8 human GBM samples. CONCLUSIONS This is the first preclinical investigation on the effects of dual PD-1 and TIM-3 blockade with radiation. We also demonstrate the presence of TIM-3 in human glioblastoma multiforme and provide preclinical evidence for a novel treatment combination that can potentially result in long-term glioma survival and constitutes a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. Clin Cancer Res; 23(1); 124-36. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mira A Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Eileen S Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Debebe Theodros
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Esteban Velarde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ann Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eric W Sankey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ada Tam
- Flow Cytometry Core, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Haiying Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dimitrios Mathios
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Tomas Garzon-Muvdi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary Sheu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Allison M Martin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Betty M Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaobu Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alessandro Olivi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janis M Taube
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter C Burger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles G Drake
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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29
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Rodrigues BR, Queiroz-Hazarbassanov N, Lopes MH, Bleggi-Torres LF, Suzuki S, Cunha IW, Sanematsu P, Martins VR. Nuclear unphosphorylated STAT3 correlates with a worse prognosis in human glioblastoma. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:517-23. [PMID: 27013058 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is currently the most aggressive form of brain tumor identified, and STAT3 is known to play an important role in gliomagenesis. Moreover, while several studies have used pharmacological approaches to modulate STAT3 activity, the results have been contradictory. In this study, expressions of STAT3, pSTAT3 (Y705), and pSTAT3 (S727) were evaluated using immunohistochemistry assays of tissue microarrays containing non-neoplastic tissue (NN, n=12), grade II astrocytomas (n=33), grade III astrocytomas (n=12), and GBM (n=85) specimens. In GBM specimens, STAT3 was overexpressed and exhibited greater nuclear localization compared with lower grade astrocytomas and NN. Conversely, nuclear localization of pSTAT3 (Y705) and pSTAT3 (S727) exhibited a similar phenotype in both GBMs and NNs. MET was also detected as a non-canonical pathway marker for STAT3. For tumors with higher levels of STAT3 nuclear localization, and not pSTAT3 (Y705) and pSTAT3 (S727), these specimens exhibited increased levels of MET expression. Thus, a non-canonical pathway may mediate a proportion of the STAT3 that translocates to the nucleus. Moreover, tumors which exhibited greater nuclear localization of STAT3 corresponded with patients that presented with lower rates of recurrence-free survival and overall survival. In contrast, the phosphorylated forms of STAT3 did not correlate with patient survival. These findings suggest that phosphorylation-independent mechanisms may mediate the nuclear translocation and activation of STAT3. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms involved, especially those that provide targets to achieve efficient inhibition and control of GBM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R Rodrigues
- International Research Center, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Tagua 440, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil
| | | | - Marilene H Lopes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Luis F Bleggi-Torres
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Rua Padre Camargo 280, Curitiba 80060-240, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Antônio Prudente 211, São Paulo 01509-010, Brazil
| | - Isabela W Cunha
- Department of Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Antônio Prudente 211, São Paulo 01509-010, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sanematsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Antônio Prudente 211, São Paulo 01509-010, Brazil
| | - Vilma R Martins
- International Research Center, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Tagua 440, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil.
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30
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Cheng W, Zhang C, Ren X, Jiang Y, Han S, Liu Y, Cai J, Li M, Wang K, Liu Y, Hu H, Li Q, Yang P, Bao Z, Wu A. Bioinformatic analyses reveal a distinct Notch activation induced by STAT3 phosphorylation in the mesenchymal subtype of glioblastoma. J Neurosurg 2016; 126:249-259. [PMID: 26967788 DOI: 10.3171/2015.11.jns15432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal type of malignant glioma. The Cancer Genome Atlas divides the gene expression-based classification of GBM into classical, mesenchymal, neural, and proneural subtypes, which is important for understanding GBM etiology and for designing effective personalized therapy. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a critical transcriptional activator in tumorigenesis, is persistently phosphorylated and associated with an unfavorable prognosis in GBM. Although a set of specific targets has been identified, there have been no systematic analyses of STAT3 signaling based on GBM subtype. METHODS This study compared STAT3-associated messenger RNA, protein, and microRNA expression profiles across different subtypes of GBM. RESULTS The analyses revealed a prominent role for STAT3 in the mesenchymal but not in other GBM subtypes, which can be reliably used to classify patients with mesenchymal GBM into 2 groups according to phosphorylated STAT3 expression level. Differentially expressed genes suggest an association between Notch and STAT3 signaling in the mesenchymal subtype. Their association was validated in the U87 cell, a malignant glioma cell line annotated as mesenchymal subtype. Specific associated proteins and microRNAs further profile the STAT3 signaling among GBM subtypes. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a prominent role for STAT3 signaling in mesenchymal GBM and highlight the importance of identifying signaling pathways that contribute to specific cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing
| | - Xiufang Ren
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing
| | - Sheng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing
| | - Jinquan Cai
- Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin; and
| | - Mingyang Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing
| | - Kuanyu Wang
- Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing
| | - Huimin Hu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing
| | - Qingbin Li
- Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin; and
| | - Pei Yang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing
| | - Zhaoshi Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing
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31
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Furtek SL, Backos DS, Matheson CJ, Reigan P. Strategies and Approaches of Targeting STAT3 for Cancer Treatment. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:308-18. [PMID: 26730496 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes related to cell cycle, cell survival, and immune response associated with cancer progression and malignancy in a number of cancer types. Once activated, STAT3 forms a homodimer and translocates to the nucleus where it binds DNA promoting the translation of target genes associated with antiapoptosis, angiogenesis, and invasion/migration. In normal cells, levels of activated STAT3 remain transient; however, STAT3 remains constitutively active in approximately 70% of human solid tumors. The pivotal role of STAT3 in tumor progression has promoted a campaign in drug discovery to identify small molecules that disrupt the function of STAT3. A range of approaches have been used to identify novel small molecule inhibitors of STAT3, including high-throughput screening of chemical libraries, computational-based virtual screening, and fragment-based design strategies. The most common approaches in targeting STAT3 activity are either via the inhibition of tyrosine kinases capable of phosphorylating and thereby activating STAT3 or by preventing the formation of functional STAT3 dimers through disruption of the SH2 domains. However, the targeting of the STAT3 DNA-binding domain and disruption of binding of STAT3 to its DNA promoter have not been thoroughly examined, mainly due to the lack of adequate assay systems. This review summarizes the development of STAT3 inhibitors organized by the approach used to inhibit STAT3, the current inhibitors of each class, and the assay systems used to evaluate STAT3 inhibition and offers an insight into future approaches for small molecule STAT3 inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffanie L. Furtek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Donald S. Backos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Christopher J. Matheson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Philip Reigan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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32
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Immune Checkpoint Modulators: An Emerging Antiglioma Armamentarium. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:4683607. [PMID: 26881264 PMCID: PMC4736366 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4683607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints have come to the forefront of cancer therapies as a powerful and promising strategy to stimulate antitumor T cell activity. Results from recent preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate how checkpoint inhibition can be utilized to prevent tumor immune evasion and both local and systemic immune suppression. This review encompasses the key immune checkpoints that have been found to play a role in tumorigenesis and, more specifically, gliomagenesis. The review will provide an overview of the existing preclinical and clinical data, antitumor efficacy, and clinical applications for each checkpoint with respect to GBM, as well as a summary of combination therapies with chemotherapy and radiation.
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33
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E804 induces growth arrest, differentiation and apoptosis of glioblastoma cells by blocking Stat3 signaling. J Neurooncol 2015; 125:265-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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34
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Mukthavaram R, Ouyang X, Saklecha R, Jiang P, Nomura N, Pingle SC, Guo F, Makale M, Kesari S. Effect of the JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor SAR317461 on human glioblastoma tumorspheres. J Transl Med 2015; 13:269. [PMID: 26283544 PMCID: PMC4539675 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The STAT3 transcription factor is a major intracellular signaling protein and is frequently dysregulated in the most
common and lethal brain malignancy in adults, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Activation of STAT3 in GBM correlates with malignancy and poor prognosis. The phosphorylating signal transducer JAK2 activates STAT3 in response to cytokines and growth factors. Currently there are no JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors in clinical trials for GBM, so we sought to examine the anti-GBM activity of SAR317461 (Sanofi-Aventis), a newer generation, highly potent JAK2 inhibitor that exhibits low toxicity and good pharmacokinetics. SAR317461 was initially approved for patient testing in the treatment of primary myelofibrosis (PMF), and has shown activity in preclinical models of melanoma and pulmonary cancer, but has not been tested in GBM. Methods We hypothesized that a potent small molecule JAK2 inhibitor could overcome the heterogeneous nature of GBM, and suppress a range of patient derived GBM tumorsphere lines and immortalized GBM cell lines. We treated with SAR317461 to determine IC50 values, and using Western blot analysis we asked whether the response was linked to STAT3 expression. Western blot analysis, FACS, and cell viability studies were used to identify the mechanism of SAR317461 induced cell death. Results We report for the first time that the JAK2 inhibitor SAR317461 clearly inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and had substantial activity against cells (IC50 1–10 µM) from 6 of 7 different patient GSC derived GBM tumorsphere lines and three immortalized GBM lines. One patient GSC derived line did not constitutively express STAT3 and was more resistant to SAR317461 (IC50 ≈25 µM). In terms of mechanism we found cleaved PARP and clear apoptosis following SAR317461. SAR317461 also induced autophagy and the addition of an autophagy inhibitor markedly enhanced cell killing by SAR317461. Conclusions We conclude that SAR317461 potently inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation and that it has significant activity against those GBM cells which express activated STAT3. Further studies are warranted in terms of the potential of SAR317461 as single and combined therapy for selectively treating human patients afflicted with GBMs expressing activation of the JAK2-STAT3 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Mukthavaram
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, MC#0819, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0819, USA. .,Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Xiao Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou 3rd Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 131 Huancheng Road, 221005, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Rohit Saklecha
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, MC#0819, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0819, USA.
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, MC#0819, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0819, USA.
| | - Natsuko Nomura
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, MC#0819, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0819, USA.
| | - Sandeep C Pingle
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, MC#0819, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0819, USA.
| | - Fang Guo
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted Therapy, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Milan Makale
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, MC#0819, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0819, USA.
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, MC#0819, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0819, USA. .,Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Ouédraogo ZG, Müller-Barthélémy M, Kemeny JL, Dedieu V, Biau J, Khalil T, Raoelfils LI, Granzotto A, Pereira B, Beaudoin C, Guissou IP, Berger M, Morel L, Chautard E, Verrelle P. STAT3 Serine 727 Phosphorylation: A Relevant Target to Radiosensitize Human Glioblastoma. Brain Pathol 2015; 26:18-30. [PMID: 25736961 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an essential component of glioma standard treatment. Glioblastomas (GBM), however, display an important radioresistance leading to tumor recurrence. To improve patient prognosis, there is a need to radiosensitize GBM cells and to circumvent the mechanisms of resistance caused by interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment. STAT3 has been identified as a therapeutic target in glioma because of its involvement in mechanisms sustaining tumor escape to both standard treatment and immune control. Here, we studied the role of STAT3 activation on tyrosine 705 (Y705) and serine 727 (S727) in glioma radioresistance. This study explored STAT3 phosphorylation on Y705 (pSTAT3-Y705) and S727 (pSTAT3-S727) in glioma cell lines and in clinical samples. Radiosensitizing effect of STAT3 activation down-modulation by Gö6976 was explored. In a panel of 15 human glioma cell lines, we found that the level of pSTAT3-S727 was correlated to intrinsic radioresistance. Moreover, treating GBM cells with Gö6976 resulted in a highly significant radiosensitization associated to a concomitant pSTAT3-S727 down-modulation only in GBM cell lines that exhibited no or weak pSTAT3-Y705. We report the constitutive activation of STAT3-S727 in all GBM clinical samples. Targeting pSTAT3-S727 mainly in pSTAT3-Y705-negative GBM could be a relevant approach to improve radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zangbéwendé Guy Ouédraogo
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, CLERMONT-FERRAND, France.,Centre Jean Perrin, Service Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, F-63000, CLERMONT-FERRAND, France.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, de Toxicologie et de Chimie Thérapeutique, Université de Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021, OUAGADOUGOU 03, BURKINA FASO
| | - Mélanie Müller-Barthélémy
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, CLERMONT-FERRAND, France.,Centre Jean Perrin, Service Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, F-63000, CLERMONT-FERRAND, France
| | - Jean-Louis Kemeny
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, CLERMONT-FERRAND, France.,CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Anatomopathologie, F-63003, CLERMONT-FERRAND, France
| | - Véronique Dedieu
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, CLERMONT-FERRAND, France.,Centre Jean Perrin, Service Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, F-63000, CLERMONT-FERRAND, France
| | - Julian Biau
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, CLERMONT-FERRAND, France.,Centre Jean Perrin, Service Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, F-63000, CLERMONT-FERRAND, France.,Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U2021, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Toufic Khalil
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Neurochirurgie, F-63003, CLERMONT-FERRAND, France.,Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7282, IGCNC, BP 10448, F-63000, CLERMONT-FERRAND, France
| | - Lala Ines Raoelfils
- Centre Jean Perrin, Service D'anatomopathologie, F-63000, CLERMONT-FERRAND, France
| | | | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Biostatistics unit, DRCI, F-63003, CLERMONT-FERRAND, France
| | - Claude Beaudoin
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise-Pascal, GReD, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, 24 Avenue des Landais BP80026, 63171 Aubière 63177, AUBIERE, France
| | - Innocent Pierre Guissou
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, de Toxicologie et de Chimie Thérapeutique, Université de Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021, OUAGADOUGOU 03, BURKINA FASO
| | - Marc Berger
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, CLERMONT-FERRAND, France.,CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Hématologie Biologique/Immunologie, F-63003, CLERMONT-FERRAND, France
| | - Laurent Morel
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise-Pascal, GReD, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, 24 Avenue des Landais BP80026, 63171 Aubière 63177, AUBIERE, France
| | - Emmanuel Chautard
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, CLERMONT-FERRAND, France.,Centre Jean Perrin, Service Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, F-63000, CLERMONT-FERRAND, France
| | - Pierre Verrelle
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, CLERMONT-FERRAND, France.,Centre Jean Perrin, Service Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, F-63000, CLERMONT-FERRAND, France
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36
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Ferguson SD, Srinivasan VM, Heimberger AB. The role of STAT3 in tumor-mediated immune suppression. J Neurooncol 2015; 123:385-94. [PMID: 25700834 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of tumor-induced immune modulation in cancer progression is currently a focus of investigation. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an established molecular hub of immunosuppression, and its signaling pathways are classically overactivated within malignancies. This article will review STAT3 operational mechanisms within the immune system and the tumor microenvironment, with a focus on therapeutic strategies that may impact outcomes for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherise D Ferguson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 442, Houston, TX, 77030, USA,
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Wang JY, Bettegowda C. Genetics and immunotherapy: using the genetic landscape of gliomas to inform management strategies. J Neurooncol 2015; 123:373-83. [PMID: 25697584 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent work in genetics has identified essential driver mutations in gliomas and has profoundly changed our understanding of tumorigenesis. New insights into the molecular basis of glioma has informed the development of therapies demonstrating considerable potential, including immunotherapeutic approaches such as peptide and dendritic cell vaccines against EGFRvIII. However, the selective targeting of one component of a dysregulated pathway may be inadequate for a durable clinical response, given the intratumoral heterogeneity of glioblastoma (GBM) and hypermutated profiles displayed by tumor recurrences. Immune checkpoint blockade with anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA) and anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) have demonstrated encouraging results in clinical trials with other solid tumors, and recent data suggest that this type of therapy may be particularly useful for tumors with high mutational burdens. Although the survival for patients with GBM has remains grim, the use of immunotherapy may finally change patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Y Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Phipps 118, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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38
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Pathria P, Gotthardt D, Prchal-Murphy M, Putz EM, Holcmann M, Schlederer M, Grabner B, Crncec I, Svinka J, Musteanu M, Hoffmann T, Filipits M, Berger W, Poli V, Kenner L, Bilban M, Casanova E, Müller M, Strobl B, Bayer E, Mohr T, Sexl V, Eferl R. Myeloid STAT3 promotes formation of colitis-associated colorectal cancer in mice. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e998529. [PMID: 26137415 PMCID: PMC4485776 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2014.998529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells lacking STAT3 promote antitumor responses of NK and T cells but it is unknown if this crosstalk affects development of autochthonous tumors. We deleted STAT3 in murine myeloid cells (STAT3Δm) and examined the effect on the development of autochthonous colorectal cancers (CRCs). Formation of Azoxymethane/Dextransulfate (AOM/DSS)-induced CRCs was strongly suppressed in STAT3Δm mice. Gene expression profiling showed strong activation of T cells in the stroma of STAT3Δm CRCs. Moreover, STAT3Δm host mice were better able to control the growth of transplanted MC38 colorectal tumor cells which are known to be killed in a T cell-dependent manner. These data suggest that myeloid cells lacking STAT3 control formation of CRCs mainly via cross activation of T cells. Interestingly, the few CRCs that formed in STAT3Δm mice displayed enhanced stromalization but appeared normal in size indicating that they have acquired ways to escape enhanced tumor surveillance. We found that CRCs in STAT3Δm mice consistently activate STAT3 signaling which is implicated in immune evasion and might be a target to prevent tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pathria
- Institute for Cancer Research; Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Gotthardt
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Austria
| | - Michaela Prchal-Murphy
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Putz
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Austria
| | - Martin Holcmann
- Institute for Cancer Research; Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR; Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Pathology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Grabner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR; Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Pathology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilija Crncec
- Institute for Cancer Research; Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Svinka
- Institute for Cancer Research; Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Monica Musteanu
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) ; Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Martin Filipits
- Institute for Cancer Research; Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute for Cancer Research; Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Valeria Poli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; Molecular Biotechnology Center; University of Turin ; Italy
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR; Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Pathology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Medical University Vienna; Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR; Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Pathology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Editha Bayer
- Institute for Cancer Research; Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Institute for Cancer Research; Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Institute for Cancer Research; Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) ; Vienna, Austria
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39
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Liu W, Wang Q, Zhao J, Zhang C, Liu Y, Zhang J, Bai X, Li X, Feng H, Liao M, Wang W, Li C. Integration of pathway structure information into a reweighted partial Cox regression approach for survival analysis on high-dimensional gene expression data. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:1876-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00044k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Accurately predicting the risk of cancer relapse or death is important for clinical utility.
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40
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Zahonero C, Sánchez-Gómez P. EGFR-dependent mechanisms in glioblastoma: towards a better therapeutic strategy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3465-88. [PMID: 24671641 PMCID: PMC11113227 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a particularly resilient cancer, and while therapies may be able to reach the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier, they then have to deal with a highly invasive tumor that is very resistant to DNA damage. It seems clear that in order to kill aggressive glioma cells more efficiently and with fewer side effects on normal tissue, there must be a shift from classical cytotoxic chemotherapy to more targeted therapies. Since the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is altered in almost 50% of glioblastomas, it currently represents one of the most promising therapeutic targets. In fact, it has been associated with several distinct steps in tumorigenesis, from tumor initiation to tumor growth and survival, and also with the regulation of cell migration and angiogenesis. However, inhibitors of the EGFR kinase have produced poor results with this type of cancer in clinical trials, with no clear explanation for the tumor resistance observed. Here we will review what we know about the expression and function of EGFR in cancer and in particular in gliomas. We will also evaluate which are the possible molecular and cellular escape mechanisms. As a result, we hope that this review will help improve the design of future EGFR-targeted therapies for glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zahonero
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-UFIEC, Madrid, Spain
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41
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Ashizawa T, Akiyama Y, Miyata H, Iizuka A, Komiyama M, Kume A, Omiya M, Sugino T, Asai A, Hayashi N, Mitsuya K, Nakasu Y, Yamaguchi K. Effect of the STAT3 inhibitor STX-0119 on the proliferation of a temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cell line. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:411-8. [PMID: 24820265 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most malignant and aggressive tumors and has a very poor prognosis, with a median survival time of less than 2 years. Once recurrence develops, there are few therapeutic approaches to control the growth of glioblastoma. In particular, temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant (TMZ-R) GBM is very difficult to treat, and a novel approach to overcome resistance is eagerly awaited. Previously, we reported a novel small molecule inhibitor of STAT3 dimerization, STX-0119, as a cancer therapeutic. In the current study, the efficacy of STX-0119 was evaluated against our established TMZ-resistant U87 cell line using quantitative PCR-based gene expression analysis, in vitro assay and animal experiments. The growth inhibitory effect of STX-0119 on U87 and TMZ-R U87 cells was moderate (IC₅₀, 34 and 45 µM, respectively). In particular, STX-0119 did not show significant inhibition of U87 tumor growth; however, it suppressed the growth of the TMZ-R U87 tumor in nude mice by more than 50%, and prolonged the median survival time compared to the control group. Quantitative PCR revealed that YKL-40, MAGEC1, MGMT, several EMT genes, mesenchymal genes and STAT3 target genes were upregulated, but most of those genes were downregulated by STX-0119 treatment. Furthermore, the invasive activity of TMZ-R U87 cells was significantly inhibited by STX-0119. YKL-40 levels in TMZ-R U87 cells and their supernatants were significantly decreased by STX-0119 administration. These results suggest that STX-0119 is an efficient therapeutic to overcome TMZ resistance in recurrent GBM tumors, and could be the next promising compound leading to survival prolongation, and YKL-40 may be a possible surrogate marker for STAT3 targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Ashizawa
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Yasuto Akiyama
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Haruo Miyata
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Akira Iizuka
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Masaru Komiyama
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Akiko Kume
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Maho Omiya
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugino
- Division of Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Nakamasa Hayashi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Koichi Mitsuya
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Yoko Nakasu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
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Bambury RM, Morris PG. The search for novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:955-64. [PMID: 24814143 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.916214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with ≤10% patients surviving 5 years from the time of diagnosis. After tumor progression on frontline therapy with concomitant chemoradiotherapy followed by consolidation temozolomide there are few effective treatment options. Bevacizumab and nitrosureas are the most commonly used systemic options in this instance but no overall survival benefit has been demonstrated. In this review we outline the major avenues of research for treatment of recurrent GBM including anti-angiogenic, signaling pathway blockade and immunotherapy approaches. Results of recent trials as well as pertinent ongoing studies are discussed. Enrollment of patients to clinical trials as well as incorporation of correlative translational science studies to identify predictive biomarkers of treatment response will be key to improving outcomes in this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Bambury
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue New York, NY 10065, USA
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43
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Metformin inhibits the IL-6-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and lung adenocarcinoma growth and metastasis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95884. [PMID: 24789104 PMCID: PMC4005743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in cancer tumorigenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms of EMT in lung adenocarcinoma, and how this process might be inhibited, remain to be explored. This study investigated the role of IL-6 in lung adenocarcinoma cell EMT and explored the potential effects of metformin on this process. Methods Invasion assay and MTT assay was performed to determine cell invasion and cell proliferation. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the expression of IL-6, E-cadherin, Vimentin, and p-STAT3. Results We discovered that IL-6, via STAT3 phosphorylation, could promote lung adenocarcinoma cell invasion via EMT in vitro. This was supported by the inverse correlation between E-cadherin and IL-6 expression, positive correlation between IL-6 and vimentin mRNA expression and between STAT3 phosphorylation and IL-6 expression in tumor tissues. Importantly, metformin inhibited tumor growth and distant metastases in tumor-bearing nude mice and reversed IL-6-induced EMT both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that blockade of STAT3 phosphorylation might be the underlying mechanism of metformin inhibition of IL-6-induced EMT. Conclusions Collectively, our present results show that enhanced IL-6 expression, via STAT3 phosphorylation, is a mechanism of EMT in lung adenocarcinoma. We found that metformin could inhibit IL-6-induced EMT possibly by blocking STAT3 phosphorylation.
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44
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STAT3 Activation in Glioblastoma: Biochemical and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:376-95. [PMID: 24518612 PMCID: PMC3980601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6010376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a potent regulator of gliomagenesis through its induction of angiogenesis, host immunosuppression, and tumor invasion. Gain of function mutations result in constitutive activation of STAT3 in glioma cells, making STAT3 an attractive target for inhibition in cancer therapy. Nevertheless, some studies show that STAT3 also participates in terminal differentiation and apoptosis of various cell lines and in glioma with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-deficient genetic backgrounds. In light of these findings, the utility of STAT3 as a prognostic indicator and as a target of drug therapies will be contingent on a more nuanced understanding of its pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects.
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45
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Peyser ND, Grandis JR. Critical analysis of the potential for targeting STAT3 in human malignancy. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:999-1010. [PMID: 23935373 PMCID: PMC3735336 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s47903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of proteins was originally discovered in the context of normal cell biology where they function to transduce intracellular and extracellular signals to the nucleus, ultimately leading to transcription of specific target genes and downstream phenotypic effects. It was quickly appreciated that the STATs, especially STAT3, play a fundamental role in human malignancy. In contrast to normal biology in which transient STAT3 signaling is strictly regulated by a tightly coordinated network of activators and deactivators, STAT3 is constitutively activated in human malignancies. Constitutive STAT3 signaling has been associated with many cancerous phenotypes across nearly all human cancers, including the upregulation of cell growth, proliferation, survival, and motility, among others. Studies involving candidate preclinical STAT3 inhibitors have further demonstrated that the reversal of these phenotypes results from pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of STAT3, suggesting that STAT3 may be a promising target for clinical interventions. Indeed, a Phase 0 clinical trial involving a STAT3 decoy oligonucleotide demonstrated that STAT3 is a drug-gable target in human tumors. Because of the ubiquity of overactive STAT3 in cancer, its role in promoting a wide variety of cancerous phenotypes, and the strong clinical and preclinical studies performed to date, STAT3 represents a promising target for the development of inhibitors for the treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah D Peyser
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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