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Sahranavard M, Hosseinjani H, Emadzadeh M, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Effect of trehalose on mortality and disease severity in ICU-admitted patients: Protocol for a triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2024; 40:101324. [PMID: 39021672 PMCID: PMC11252791 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2024.101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Improvement in organ failure in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is accompanied by lower mortality rate. A disaccharide, trehalose is a candidate to improve organ failure and survival by autophagy induction and enhancing oxidative stress defense. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of trehalose in improving clinical outcome and reducing mortality in ICU patients. Methods a triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, two arm, parallel-group, superiority clinical trial will enroll 200 ICU-admitted patients at Imam Reza hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The patients will be randomly allocated to receive either a 100 ml solution of 15 % trehalose or normal saline intravenously. Primary outcomes include ICU mortality and 60-day mortality, while secondary outcomes focus on blood parameters on day 5 and length of hospital/ICU stay. Conclusion Trehalose has demonstrated beneficial effects in diverse patients; however, no study has evaluated its effect in all ICU-admitted patients. Consequently, this study provides an opportunity to investigate whether trehalose's anti-inflammatory effects, mediated by inducing autophagy and enhancing oxidative stress defense, can play a role in reducing mortality and improving clinical outcomes in the critically ill patients. If successful, trehalose could offer a potential therapeutic approach in the ICU setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Sahranavard
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hesamoddin Hosseinjani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Emadzadeh
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Diffusion along perivascular spaces as marker for impairment of glymphatic system in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:174. [PMID: 36543809 PMCID: PMC9772196 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain glymphatic system is involved in the clearance of misfolding α-synuclein, the impaired glymphatic system may contribute to the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to analyze the diffusion tensor image along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) and perivascular space (PVS) burden to reveal the relationship between the glymphatic system and PD. A cross-sectional study using a 7 T MRI of 76 PD patients and 48 controls was performed to evaluate the brain's glymphatic system. The DTI-ALPS and PVS burden in basal ganglia were calculated. Correlation analyses were conducted between DTI-ALPS, PVS burden and clinical features. We detected lower DTI-ALPS in the PD subgroup relative to controls, and the differences were more pronounced in patients with Hoehn & Yahr stage greater than two. The decreased DTI-ALPS was only evident in the left hemisphere in patients in the early stage but involved both hemispheres in more advanced PD patients. Decreased DTI-ALPS were also correlated with longer disease duration, higher Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score (UPDRS III) and UPDRS total scores, as well as higher levodopa equivalent daily dose. Moreover, the decreased DTI-ALPS correlated with increased PVS burden, and both indexes correlated with PD disease severity. This study demonstrated decreased DTI-ALPS in PD, which might initiate from the left hemisphere and progressively involve right hemisphere with the disease progression. Decreased DTI-ALPS index correlated with increased PVS burden, indicating that both metrics could provide supporting evidence of an impaired glymphatic system. MRI evaluation of the PVS burden and diffusion along PVS are potential imaging biomarkers for PD for disease progression.
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Ghorbani Dehbalaei M, Sahebkar A, Safarian M, Khadem-Rezaiyan M, Rezaee H, Naeini F, Norouzy A. Study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of oral trehalose on inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, nutritional and clinical status in traumatic head injury patients receiving enteral nutrition. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060605. [PMID: 36123055 PMCID: PMC9486343 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, inflammatory processes and oxidative stress have been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, disability, increased rate of muscle catabolism, malnutrition, hospital stay and mortality. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that trehalose can decrease inflammatory and oxidative factors. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of oral trehalose consumption on this marker in critically ill TBI patients at intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study is a pilot randomised, prospective and double-blind clinical trial. The study sample size is of 20 (10 patients in each group) TBI patients aged 18-65 years at ICU. Randomisation is performed by permuted block randomisation method. The allocation ratio is 1:1. An intervention group will receive 30 g of trehalose instead, as a part of the carbohydrate of daily bolus enteral feeding and the control group will receive standard isocaloric hospital bolus enteral feeding for 12 days. The inflammatory factors (C reactive protein, interleukin 6) and oxidative stress markers (glutathione, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, total antioxidant capacity) will be measured at the baseline, at the 6th day, and at the end of the study (12th day). Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, Nutrition Risk in the Critically ill scores, 28-day mortality, anthropometric assessments and the clinical and nutritional status will be measured. Each patient's nutritional needs will be calculated individually. The statistical analysis would be based on the intention to treat. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The vice-chancellor of the research centre of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences is sponsoring this study. IR.MUMS.MEDICAL.REC.1400.113. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) Id: IRCT20210508051223N1, Registration date: 26 July 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moazzameh Ghorbani Dehbalaei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Safarian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan
- Resident of Community Medicine, Community Medicine Department, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Rezaee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shahid Kamyab Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naeini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Norouzy
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Pupyshev AB, Klyushnik TP, Akopyan AA, Singh SK, Tikhonova MA. Disaccharide Trehalose in Experimental Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Molecular Targets and Translational Potential. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106373. [PMID: 35907433 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Induction of autophagy is a prospective approach to the treatment of neurodegeneration. In the recent decade, trehalose attracted special attention. It is an autophagy inducer with negligible adverse effects and is approved for use in humans according to FDA requirements. Trehalose has a therapeutic effect in various experimental models of diseases. This glucose disaccharide with a flexible α-1-1'-glycosidic bond has unique properties: induction of mTOR-independent autophagy (with kinase AMPK as the main target) and a chaperone-like effect on proteins imparting them natural spatial structure. Thus, it can reduce the accumulation of neurotoxic aberrant/misfolded proteins. Trehalose has an anti-inflammatory effect and inhibits detrimental oxidative stress partially owing to the enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defense represented by the Nrf2 protein. The disaccharide activates lysosome and autophagosome biogenesis pathways through the protein factors TFEB and FOXO1. Here we review various mechanisms of the neuroprotective action of trehalose and touch on the possibility of pleiotropic effects. Current knowledge about specific features of trehalose pharmacodynamics is discussed. The neuroprotective effects of trehalose in animal models of major neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases are examined too. Attention is given to translational transition to clinical trials of this drug, especially oral and parenteral routes of administration. Besides, the possibility of enhancing the therapeutic benefit via a combination of mTOR-dependent and mTOR-independent autophagy inducers is analyzed. In general, trehalose appears to be a promising multitarget tool for the inhibition of experimental neurodegeneration and requires thorough investigation of its clinical capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Pupyshev
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM); Timakova Str. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
| | - Tatyana P Klyushnik
- Mental Health Research Center, Kashirskoye shosse 34, Moscow 115522, Russia.
| | - Anna A Akopyan
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM); Timakova Str. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Krishna Bhawan, 594 Kha/123, Shahinoor Colony, Nilmatha, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226002, India.
| | - Maria A Tikhonova
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM); Timakova Str. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
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Pan S, Guo S, Dai J, Gu Y, Wang G, Wang Y, Qin Z, Luo L. Trehalose ameliorates autophagy dysregulation in aged cortex and acts as an exercise mimetic to delay brain aging in elderly mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Di Domenico F, Lanzillotta C. The disturbance of protein synthesis/degradation homeostasis is a common trait of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 132:49-87. [PMID: 36088079 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis or "proteostasis" represent the process that regulates the balance of the intracellular functional and "healthy" proteins. Proteostasis is fundamental to preserve physiological metabolic processes in the cell and it allow to respond to any given stimulus as the expression of components of the proteostasis network is customized according to the proteomic demands of different cellular environments. In conditions that promote unfolding/misfolding of proteins chaperones act as signaling molecules inducing extreme measures to either fix the problem or destroy unfolded proteins. When the chaperone machinery fails under pathological insults unfolded proteins induce the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) machinery. The activation of the UPR restores ER proteostasis primarily through the transcriptional remodeling of ER protein folding, trafficking, and degradation pathways, such as the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). If these mechanisms do not manage to clear the aberrant proteins, proteasome overload and become defective, and misfolded proteins may form aggregates thus extending the UPR mechanism. These aggregates are then attempted to be cleared by macroautophagy. Impaired proteostasis promote the accumulation of misfolded proteins that exacerbate the damage to chaperones, surveillance systems and/or degradative activities. Remarkably, the removal of toxic misfolded proteins is critical for all cells, but it is especially significant in neurons since these cannot be readily replaced. In neurons, the maintenance of efficient proteostasis is essential to healthy aging since the dysregulation of the proteostasis network can lead to neurodegenerative disease. Each of these brain pathologies is characterized by the repeated misfolding of one of more peculiar proteins, which evade both the protein folding machinery and cellular degradation mechanisms and begins to form aggregates that nucleate out into large fibrillar aggregates. In this chapter we describe the mechanisms, associated with faulty proteostasis, that promote the formation of protein aggregates, amyloid fibrils, intracellular, and extracellular inclusions in the most common nondegenerative disorders also referred to as protein misfolding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Moon SH, Kwon Y, Huh YE, Choi HJ. Trehalose ameliorates prodromal non-motor deficits and aberrant protein accumulation in a rotenone-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:417-432. [PMID: 35618982 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose has been recently revealed as an attractive candidate to prevent and modify Parkinson's disease (PD) progression by regulating autophagy; however, studies have only focused on the reduction of motor symptoms rather than the modulation of disease course from prodromal stage. This study aimed to evaluate whether trehalose has a disease-modifying effect at the prodromal stage before the onset of a motor deficit in 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice exposed to rotenone. We found significant decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra and motor dysfunction after 2 weeks rotenone treatment. Mice exposed to rotenone for a week showed an accumulation of protein aggregates in the brain and prodromal non-motor deficits, such as depression and olfactory dysfunction, prior to motor deficits. Trehalose significantly improved olfactory dysfunction and depressive-like behaviors and markedly reduced α-synuclein and p62 deposition in the brain. Trehalose further ameliorated motor impairment and loss of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in rotenone-treated mice. We demonstrated that prodromal non-motor signs in a rotenone-induced PD mouse model are associated with protein aggregate accumulation in the brain and that an autophagy inducer could be valuable to prevent PD progression from prodromal stage by regulating abnormal protein accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soung Hee Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Huh
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, Republic of Korea.
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Cai L, Yoon JD, Hwang SU, Lee J, Kim E, Kim M, Hyun SY, Choi H, Oh D, Jeon Y, Hyun SH. Exploring the mechanism of trehalose: dual functions of PI3K/Akt and VPS34/mTOR pathways in porcine oocytes and cumulus cells†. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:432-445. [PMID: 35348612 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, an intracellular recycling system, is essential for the meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes. Multiple studies, sought to reveal the precise mechanism employed, commonly used autophagy inducers, such as rapamycin, which is a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor. However, it has a limitation as mTOR plays various roles in cell growth and metabolism beyond autophagy. Trehalose has been reported as a novel mTOR-independent autophagy inducer in many cells. Furthermore, our previous study demonstrated that trehalose supplementation during in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes improves the developmental competence of parthenogenetic embryos possibly via autophagic activation, whereas the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to address this issue. In this study, we found that trehalose plays a role as an autophagy activator by autophagic flux assay and determined that it promotes PI3K/Akt inhibition and VPS34/mTOR activation by immunoblotting, both in cumulus cells (CCs) and oocytes. However, it is interesting to note that these effects caused by trehalose were worked totally varying between CCs and oocytes. In CCs, the autophagy was activated through the improvement of lysosomal function/autophagic clearance viability by upregulation of coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation genes via PI3K/Akt inhibition. Whereas in oocytes, autophagy was activated via VPS34 induction which directly influences autophagosome formation, and the precise meiotic process was ensured via Akt inhibition and mTOR activation. Taken together, this study provided evidence that trehalose could be used as an autophagy inductor during porcine oocyte maturation based on the revealed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.,Institute for Stem cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Chengju 28644, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Veterinary Biosecurity and Protection, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Junchul David Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.,Institute for Stem cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Chengju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ung Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.,Institute for Stem cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Chengju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyeong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.,Institute for Stem cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Chengju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.,Graduate School of Veterinary Biosecurity and Protection, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.,Institute for Stem cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Chengju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Saang-Yoon Hyun
- College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerin Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.,Institute for Stem cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Chengju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.,Institute for Stem cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Chengju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubyeol Jeon
- Department of Theriogenology and Reproductive Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Hyun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.,Institute for Stem cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Chengju 28644, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Veterinary Biosecurity and Protection, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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Rai SN, Tiwari N, Singh P, Mishra D, Singh AK, Hooshmandi E, Vamanu E, Singh MP. Therapeutic Potential of Vital Transcription Factors in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease With Particular Emphasis on Transcription Factor EB Mediated Autophagy. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:777347. [PMID: 34970114 PMCID: PMC8712758 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.777347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an important cellular self-digestion and recycling pathway that helps in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation at various steps of the autophagic and endolysosomal pathway has been reported in several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington disease (HD) and is cited as a critically important feature for central nervous system (CNS) proteostasis. Recently, another molecular target, namely transcription factor EB (TFEB) has been explored globally to treat neurodegenerative disorders. This TFEB, is a key regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis pathway. Multiple research studies suggested therapeutic potential by targeting TFEB to treat human diseases involving autophagy-lysosomal dysfunction, especially neurodegenerative disorders. A common observation involving all neurodegenerative disorders is their poor efficacy in clearing and recycle toxic aggregated proteins and damaged cellular organelles due to impairment in the autophagy pathway. This dysfunction in autophagy characterized by the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates leads to a progressive loss in structural integrity/functionality of neurons and may even result in neuronal death. In recent years TFEB, a key regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, has received considerable attention. It has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in numerous neurodegenerative disorders like AD and PD. In various neurobiology studies involving animal models, TFEB has been found to ameliorate neurotoxicity and rescue neurodegeneration. Since TFEB is a master transcriptional regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis pathway and plays a crucial role in defining autophagy activation. Studies have been done to understand the mechanisms for TFEB dysfunction, which may yield insights into how TFEB might be targeted and used for the therapeutic strategy to develop a treatment process with extensive application to neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we explore the role of different transcription factor-based targeted therapy by some natural compounds for AD and PD with special emphasis on TFEB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neeraj Tiwari
- Faculty of Biosciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, India
| | - Payal Singh
- Department of Zoology, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Divya Mishra
- Centre of Bioinformatics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Anurag Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Etrat Hooshmandi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mohan P Singh
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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Vijiaratnam N, Foltynie T. Disease modifying therapies III: Novel targets. Neuropharmacology 2021; 201:108839. [PMID: 34656651 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant research advances, treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains confined to symptomatic therapies. Approaches aiming to halt or reverse disease progression remain an important but unmet goal. A growing understanding of disease pathogenesis and the identification of novel pathways contributing to initiation of neurodegeneration and subsequent progression has highlighted a range of potential novel targets for intervention that may influence the rate of progression of the disease process. Exploiting techniques to stratify patients according to these targets alongside using them as biomarkers to measure target engagement will likely improve patient selection and preliminary outcome measurements in clinical trials. In this review, we summarize a number of PD-related mechanisms that have recently gained interest such as neuroinflammation, lysosomal dysfunction and insulin resistance, while also exploring the potential for targeting peripheral interfaces such as the gastrointestinal tract and its ecosystem to achieve disease modification. We explore the rationale for these approaches based on preclinical studies, while also highlighting the status of relevant clinical trials as well as the promising role biomarkers may play in current and future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirosen Vijiaratnam
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK.
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11
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Kocot AM, Wróblewska B. Fermented products and bioactive food compounds as a tool to activate autophagy and promote the maintenance of the intestinal barrier function. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Pediaditakis I, Kodella KR, Manatakis DV, Le CY, Hinojosa CD, Tien-Street W, Manolakos ES, Vekrellis K, Hamilton GA, Ewart L, Rubin LL, Karalis K. Modeling alpha-synuclein pathology in a human brain-chip to assess blood-brain barrier disruption. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5907. [PMID: 34625559 PMCID: PMC8501050 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies are characterized by the abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein aggregates, loss of dopaminergic neurons, and gliosis of the substantia nigra. Although clinical evidence and in vitro studies indicate disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Parkinson's disease, the mechanisms mediating the endothelial dysfunction is not well understood. Here we leveraged the Organs-on-Chips technology to develop a human Brain-Chip representative of the substantia nigra area of the brain containing dopaminergic neurons, astrocytes, microglia, pericytes, and microvascular brain endothelial cells, cultured under fluid flow. Our αSyn fibril-induced model was capable of reproducing several key aspects of Parkinson's disease, including accumulation of phosphorylated αSyn (pSer129-αSyn), mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, and compromised barrier function. This model may enable research into the dynamics of cell-cell interactions in human synucleinopathies and serve as a testing platform for target identification and validation of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iosif Pediaditakis
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.
- Serqet Therapeutics, Inc. 55 Cambridge Parkway, Suite 800E, Boston, MA, 02142, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elias S Manolakos
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Northeastern University, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Lorna Ewart
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee L Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katia Karalis
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.
- Endocrine Division, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA.
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Yang YJ, Bu LL, Shen C, Ge JJ, He SJ, Yu HL, Tang YL, Jue Z, Sun YM, Yu WB, Zuo CT, Wu JJ, Wang J, Liu FT. Fasudil Promotes α-Synuclein Clearance in an AAV-Mediated α-Synuclein Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease by Autophagy Activation. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 10:969-979. [PMID: 32568105 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-191909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, but the disease-modifying therapies focusing on the core pathological changes are still unavailable. Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) has been suggested as a promising target for developing neuroprotective therapies in PD. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the promotion of α-synuclein (α-syn) clearance in a rat model. METHODS In a rat model induced by unilateral injection of adeno-associated virus of serotype 9 (AAV9) expressing A53T α-syn (AAV9-A53T-α-syn) into the right substantia nigra, we aimed to investigate whether Fasudil could promote α-syn clearance and thereby attenuate motor impairments and dopaminergic deficits. RESULTS In our study, treatment with Fasudil (5 mg/kg rat weight/day) for 8 weeks significantly improved the motor deficits in the Cylinder and Rotarod tests. In the in vivo positron emission tomography imaging with the ligand 18F-dihydrotetrabenazine, Fasudil significantly enhanced the dopaminergic imaging in the injected striatum of the rat model (p < 0.05 vs. vehicle group, p < 0.01 vs. left striatum in Fasudil group). The following mechanistic study confirmed that Fasudil could promote the autophagic clearance of α-syn by Becline 1 and Akt/mTOR pathways. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that Fasudil, the ROCK2 inhibitor, could attenuate the anatomical and behavioral lesions in the Parkinsonian rat model by autophagy activation. Our results identify Fasudil as a drug with high translational potential as disease-modifying treatment for PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Lu Bu
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Shen
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Jie Ge
- PET Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Jin He
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ling Yu
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Lin Tang
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Jue
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Min Sun
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Bo Yu
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jian-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Rana T, Behl T, Sehgal A, Mehta V, Singh S, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. Exploring the Role of Autophagy Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4886-4905. [PMID: 34212304 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic pathway by which misfolded proteins or damaged organelles are engulfed by autophagosomes and then transported to lysosomes for degradation. Recently, a great improvement has been done to explain the molecular mechanisms and roles of autophagy in several important cellular metabolic processes. Besides being a vital clearance pathway or a cell survival pathway in response to different stresses, autophagy dysfunction, either upregulated or down-regulated, has been suggested to be linked with numerous neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Impairment at different stages of autophagy results in the formation of large protein aggregates and damaged organelles, which leads to the onset and progression of different neurodegenerative disorders. This article elucidates the recent progress about the role of autophagy in neurodegenerative disorders and explains how autophagy dysfunction is linked with the pathogenesis of such disorders as well as the novel potential autophagy-associated therapies for treating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarapati Rana
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
- Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Distt. Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Haryana, India
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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15
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Natural compounds modulate the autophagy with potential implication of stroke. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1708-1720. [PMID: 34386317 PMCID: PMC8343111 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is considered a leading cause of mortality and neurological disability, which puts a huge burden on individuals and the community. To date, effective therapy for stroke has been limited by its complex pathological mechanisms. Autophagy refers to an intracellular degrading process with the involvement of lysosomes. Autophagy plays a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis and survival of cells by eliminating damaged or non-essential cellular constituents. Increasing evidence support that autophagy protects neuronal cells from ischemic injury. However, under certain circumstances, autophagy activation induces cell death and aggravates ischemic brain injury. Diverse naturally derived compounds have been found to modulate autophagy and exert neuroprotection against stroke. In the present work, we have reviewed recent advances in naturally derived compounds that regulate autophagy and discussed their potential application in stroke treatment.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- AMPK, 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- ATF6, activating transcription factor 6
- ATG, autophagy related genes
- Autophagy
- BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- BNIP3L, BCL2/adenovirus
- COPII, coat protein complex II
- Cerebral ischemia
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FOXO, forkhead box O
- FUNDC1, FUN14 domain containing 1
- GPCR, G-protein coupled receptor
- HD, Huntington's disease
- IPC, ischemic preconditioning
- IRE1, inositol-requiring enzyme 1
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LAMP, lysosomal-associated membrane protein
- LC3, light chain 3
- LKB1, liver kinase B1
- Lysosomal activation
- Mitochondria
- Mitophagy
- Natural compounds
- Neurological disorders
- Neuroprotection
- OGD/R, oxygen and glucose deprivation-reperfusion
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PERK, protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SQSTM1, sequestosome 1
- TFEB, transcription factor EB
- TIGAR, TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
- ULK, Unc-51- like kinase
- Uro-A, urolithin A
- eIF2a, eukaryotic translation-initiation factor 2
- mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- ΔΨm, mitochondrial membrane potential
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16
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Abe T, Kuwahara T. Targeting of Lysosomal Pathway Genes for Parkinson's Disease Modification: Insights From Cellular and Animal Models. Front Neurol 2021; 12:681369. [PMID: 34194386 PMCID: PMC8236816 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.681369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous genetic studies on hereditary Parkinson's disease (PD) have identified a set of pathogenic gene mutations that have strong impacts on the pathogenicity of PD. In addition, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) targeted to sporadic PD have nominated an increasing number of genetic variants that influence PD susceptibility. Although the clinical and pathological characteristics in hereditary PD are not identical to those in sporadic PD, α-synuclein, and LRRK2 are definitely associated with both types of PD, with LRRK2 mutations being the most frequent cause of autosomal-dominant PD. On the other hand, a significant portion of risk genes identified from GWAS have been associated with lysosomal functions, pointing to a critical role of lysosomes in PD pathogenesis. Experimental studies have suggested that the maintenance or upregulation of lysosomal activity may protect against neuronal dysfunction or degeneration. Here we focus on the roles of representative PD gene products that are implicated in lysosomal pathway, namely LRRK2, VPS35, ATP13A2, and glucocerebrosidase, and provide an overview of their disease-associated functions as well as their cooperative actions in the pathogenesis of PD, based on the evidence from cellular and animal models. We also discuss future perspectives of targeting lysosomal activation as a possible strategy to treat neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Abe
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kuwahara
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Fouka M, Mavroeidi P, Tsaka G, Xilouri M. In Search of Effective Treatments Targeting α-Synuclein Toxicity in Synucleinopathies: Pros and Cons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:559791. [PMID: 33015057 PMCID: PMC7500083 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.559791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) represent pathologically similar, progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the pathological aggregation of the neuronal protein α-synuclein. PD and DLB are characterized by the abnormal accumulation and aggregation of α-synuclein in proteinaceous inclusions within neurons named Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs), whereas in MSA α-synuclein inclusions are mainly detected within oligodendrocytes named glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs). The presence of pathologically aggregated α-synuclein along with components of the protein degradation machinery, such as ubiquitin and p62, in LBs and GCIs is considered to underlie the pathogenic cascade that eventually leads to the severe neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation that characterizes these diseases. Importantly, α-synuclein is proposed to undergo pathogenic misfolding and oligomerization into higher-order structures, revealing self-templating conformations, and to exert the ability of "prion-like" spreading between cells. Therefore, the manner in which the protein is produced, is modified within neural cells and is degraded, represents a major focus of current research efforts in the field. Given that α-synuclein protein load is critical to disease pathogenesis, the identification of means to limit intracellular protein burden and halt α-synuclein propagation represents an obvious therapeutic approach in synucleinopathies. However, up to date the development of effective therapeutic strategies to prevent degeneration in synucleinopathies is limited, due to the lack of knowledge regarding the precise mechanisms underlying the observed pathology. This review critically summarizes the recent developed strategies to counteract α-synuclein toxicity, including those aimed to increase protein degradation, to prevent protein aggregation and cell-to-cell propagation, or to engage antibodies against α-synuclein and discuss open questions and unknowns for future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Xilouri
- Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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18
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Lin CH, Wei PC, Chen CM, Huang YT, Lin JL, Lo YS, Lin JL, Lin CY, Wu YR, Chang KH, Lee-Chen GJ. Lactulose and Melibiose Attenuate MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Mice by Inhibition of Oxidative Stress, Reduction of Neuroinflammation and Up-Regulation of Autophagy. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:226. [PMID: 32848705 PMCID: PMC7396622 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the ventral brain. A disaccharide trehalose has demonstrated the potential to mitigate the DAergic loss in disease models for PD. However, trehalose is rapidly hydrolyzed into glucose by trehalase in the intestine, limiting its potential for clinical practice. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective potential of two trehalase-indigestible analogs, lactulose and melibiose, in sub-chronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD. Treatment with MPTP generated significant motor deficits, inhibited dopamine levels, and down-regulated dopamine transporter (DAT) in the striatum. Expression levels of genes involved in anti-oxidative stress pathways, including superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NQO1) were also down-regulated. Meanwhile, expression of the oxidative stress marker 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) was up-regulated along with increased microglia and astrocyte reactivity in the ventral midbrain following MPTP treatment. MPTP also reduced the activity of autophagy, evaluated by the autophagosomal marker microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II. Lactulose and melibiose significantly rescued motor deficits, increased dopamine in the striatum, reduced microglia and astrocyte reactivity as well as decreased levels of 4-HNE. Furthermore, lactulose and melibiose up-regulated SOD2, NRF2, and NQO1 levels, as well as enhanced the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio in the ventral midbrain with MPTP treatment. Our findings indicate the potential of lactulose and melibiose to protect DAergic neurons in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Cih Wei
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Jia-Lan Lin
- Taipei First Girls High School, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shi Lo
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Li Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yin Lin
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Khalifeh M, Read MI, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Trehalose against Alzheimer's Disease: Insights into a Potential Therapy. Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900195. [PMID: 32519387 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose is a natural disaccharide with a remarkable ability to stabilize biomolecules. In recent years, trehalose has received growing attention as a neuroprotective molecule and has been tested in experimental models for different neurodegenerative diseases. Although the underlying neuroprotective mechanism of trehalose's action is unclear, one of the most important hypotheses is autophagy induction. The chaperone-like activity of trehalose and the ability to modulate inflammatory responses has also been reported. There is compelling evidence that the dysfunction of autophagy and aggregation of misfolded proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, given the linking between trehalose and autophagy induction, it appears to be a promising therapy for AD. Herein, the published studies concerning the use of trehalose as a potential therapy for AD are summarized, providing a rationale for applying trehalose to reduce Alzheimer's pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Khalifeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morgayn I Read
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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20
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Liu Y, Wang J, Hsiung GYR, Song W. Trehalose Inhibits Aβ Generation and Plaque Formation in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3150-3157. [PMID: 32488697 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and there has been no disease-modifying treatment for AD. Recent studies suggest that trehalose may have beneficial effect on neurodegenerative diseases through regulating autophagy and facilitating aggregated protein clearance. However, the effects of trehalose on AD-related neuropathologies are still unknown. Western blot was performed to examine the effects of trehalose on APP processing in vitro and in vivo. ELISA and immunohistochemical staining were conducted to measure Aβ production in vitro and neuritic plaque formation in APP23 transgenic mice, respectively. Trehalose treatment significantly decreased Aβ generation in HAW and 20E2 cells. Furthermore, trehalose treatment increased the levels of APP and its CTFs, and significantly reduced Aβ generation and neuritic plaque formation in APP23 mice. Our study showed that trehalose affected the APP processing both in vitro and in vivo and suggests that trehalose treatment may offer as a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate AD pathology by inhibiting Aβ generation and neuritic plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Liu
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juelu Wang
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ging-Yuek Robin Hsiung
- Division of Neurology, The University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada. .,Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Weihong Song
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. .,Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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21
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Chen CM, Lin CH, Wu YR, Yen CY, Huang YT, Lin JL, Lin CY, Chen WL, Chao CY, Lee-Chen GJ, Su MT, Chang KH. Lactulose and Melibiose Inhibit α-Synuclein Aggregation and Up-Regulate Autophagy to Reduce Neuronal Vulnerability. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051230. [PMID: 32429337 PMCID: PMC7290909 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective dopaminergic (DAergic) neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra (SN) and proteinaceous α-synuclein-positive Lewy bodies and Lewy neuritis. As a chemical chaperone to promote protein stability and an autophagy inducer to clear aggregate-prone proteins, a disaccharide trehalose has been reported to alleviate neurodegeneration in PD cells and mouse models. Its trehalase-indigestible analogs, lactulose and melibiose, also demonstrated potentials to reduce abnormal protein aggregation in spinocerebellar ataxia cell models. In this study, we showed the potential of lactulose and melibiose to inhibit α-synuclein aggregation using biochemical thioflavin T fluorescence, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and prokaryotic split Venus complementation assays. Lactulose and melibiose further reduced α-synuclein aggregation and associated oxidative stress, as well as protected cells against α-synuclein-induced neurotoxicity by up-regulating autophagy and nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (NRF2) pathway in DAergic neurons derived from SH-SY5Y cells over-expressing α-synuclein. Our findings strongly indicate the potential of lactulose and melibiose for mitigating PD neurodegeneration, offering new drug candidates for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.M.C.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-R.W.); (W.-L.C.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chih-Hsin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.M.C.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-R.W.); (W.-L.C.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.M.C.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-R.W.); (W.-L.C.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chien-Yu Yen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Taipei First Girls High School, Taipei 10045, Taiwan; (Y.-T.H.); (J.-L.L.)
| | - Jia-Lan Lin
- Taipei First Girls High School, Taipei 10045, Taiwan; (Y.-T.H.); (J.-L.L.)
| | - Chung-Yin Lin
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Wan-Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.M.C.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-R.W.); (W.-L.C.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chih-Ying Chao
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.M.C.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-R.W.); (W.-L.C.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (G.-J.L.-C.); (M.-T.S.); (K.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-2-77346359 (G.-J.L.-C.); +886-2-77346244 (M.-T.S.); +886-3-3281200-8421 (K.-H.C.)
| | - Ming-Tsan Su
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (G.-J.L.-C.); (M.-T.S.); (K.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-2-77346359 (G.-J.L.-C.); +886-2-77346244 (M.-T.S.); +886-3-3281200-8421 (K.-H.C.)
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.M.C.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-R.W.); (W.-L.C.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.-J.L.-C.); (M.-T.S.); (K.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-2-77346359 (G.-J.L.-C.); +886-2-77346244 (M.-T.S.); +886-3-3281200-8421 (K.-H.C.)
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22
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Elmatboly AM, Sherif AM, Deeb DA, Benmelouka A, Bin-Jumah MN, Aleya L, Abdel-Daim MM. The impact of proteostasis dysfunction secondary to environmental and genetic causes on neurodegenerative diseases progression and potential therapeutic intervention. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11461-11483. [PMID: 32072427 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of particular proteins in the form of inclusion bodies or plaques followed by neuronal death is a hallmark of neurodegenerative proteopathies such as primary Parkinsonism, Alzheimer's disease, Lou Gehrig's disease, and Huntington's chorea. Complex polygenic and environmental factors implicated in these proteopathies. Accumulation of proteins in these disorders indicates a substantial disruption in protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Proteostasis or cellular proteome homeostasis is attained by the synchronization of a group of cellular mechanisms called the proteostasis network (PN), which is responsible for the stability of the proteome and achieves the equilibrium between synthesis, folding, and degradation of proteins. In this review, we will discuss the different types of PN and the impact of PN component dysfunction on the four major neurodegenerative diseases mentioned earlier. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed M Sherif
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, El-Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Deeb
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, El-Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Amira Benmelouka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Algiers, Sidi M'Hamed, Algeria
| | - May N Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, College Of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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23
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Teil M, Arotcarena ML, Faggiani E, Laferriere F, Bezard E, Dehay B. Targeting α-synuclein for PD Therapeutics: A Pursuit on All Fronts. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030391. [PMID: 32138193 PMCID: PMC7175302 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterized both by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions called Lewy Bodies. These Lewy Bodies contain the aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn) protein, which has been shown to be able to propagate from cell to cell and throughout different regions in the brain. Due to its central role in the pathology and the lack of a curative treatment for PD, an increasing number of studies have aimed at targeting this protein for therapeutics. Here, we reviewed and discussed the many different approaches that have been studied to inhibit α-syn accumulation via direct and indirect targeting. These analyses have led to the generation of multiple clinical trials that are either completed or currently active. These clinical trials and the current preclinical studies must still face obstacles ahead, but give hope of finding a therapy for PD with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Teil
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.T.); (M.-L.A.); (E.F.); (F.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Laure Arotcarena
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.T.); (M.-L.A.); (E.F.); (F.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Emilie Faggiani
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.T.); (M.-L.A.); (E.F.); (F.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Florent Laferriere
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.T.); (M.-L.A.); (E.F.); (F.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.T.); (M.-L.A.); (E.F.); (F.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benjamin Dehay
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.T.); (M.-L.A.); (E.F.); (F.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence:
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24
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Trehalose-Rich, Degradable Hydrogels Designed for Trehalose Release under Physiologically Relevant Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11122027. [PMID: 31817772 PMCID: PMC6960900 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Trehalose, a natural disaccharide, is primarily known for its ability to protect proteins from inactivation and denaturation caused by a variety of stress conditions. Furthermore, over the past few years, it has emerged as a promising therapeutic candidate for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we examine the attachment of trehalose to polymers for release under selected physiologically relevant conditions. The proposed strategies are evaluated specifically using hydrogels undergoing simultaneous degradation during trehalose release. These materials are fabricated via copolymerization of the appropriate acrylamide-type monomers with polymerizable trehalose esters or benzylidene acetals. This provides trehalose release in a slightly alkaline (i.e., pH 7.4) or mildly acidic (i.e., pH 5.0) environment, respectively. Using this method materials containing up to 51.7 wt% of trehalose are obtained. The presented results provide a solid basis for future studies on polymeric materials intended for trehalose release in biological systems.
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25
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Lehtonen Š, Sonninen TM, Wojciechowski S, Goldsteins G, Koistinaho J. Dysfunction of Cellular Proteostasis in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:457. [PMID: 31133790 PMCID: PMC6524622 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, current therapeutic interventions for Parkinson’s disease (PD) are insufficient as they fail to modify disease progression by ameliorating the underlying pathology. Cellular proteostasis (protein homeostasis) is an essential factor in maintaining a persistent environment for neuronal activity. Proteostasis is ensured by mechanisms including regulation of protein translation, chaperone-assisted protein folding and protein degradation pathways. It is generally accepted that deficits in proteostasis are linked to various neurodegenerative diseases including PD. While the proteasome fails to degrade large protein aggregates, particularly alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) in PD, drug-induced activation of autophagy can efficiently remove aggregates and prevent degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Therefore, maintenance of these mechanisms is essential to preserve all cellular functions relying on a correctly folded proteome. The correlations between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) that aims to restore proteostasis within the secretory pathway are well-established. However, while mild insults increase the activity of chaperones, prolonged cell stress, or insufficient adaptive response causes cell death. Modulating the activity of molecular chaperones, such as protein disulfide isomerase which assists refolding and contributes to the removal of unfolded proteins, and their associated pathways may offer a new approach for disease-modifying treatment. Here, we summarize some of the key concepts and emerging ideas on the relation of protein aggregation and imbalanced proteostasis with an emphasis on PD as our area of main expertise. Furthermore, we discuss recent insights into the strategies for reducing the toxic effects of protein unfolding in PD by targeting the ER UPR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Šárka Lehtonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuuli-Maria Sonninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara Wojciechowski
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gundars Goldsteins
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Meng T, Lin S, Zhuang H, Huang H, He Z, Hu Y, Gong Q, Feng D. Recent progress in the role of autophagy in neurological diseases. Cell Stress 2019; 3:141-161. [PMID: 31225510 PMCID: PMC6551859 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.05.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy (here refers to macroautophagy) is a catabolic pathway by which large protein aggregates and damaged organelles are first sequestered into a double-membraned structure called autophago-some and then delivered to lysosome for destruction. Recently, tremen-dous progress has been made to elucidate the molecular mechanism and functions of this essential cellular metabolic process. In addition to being either a rubbish clearing system or a cellular surviving program in response to different stresses, autophagy plays important roles in a large number of pathophysiological conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, and especially neurodegenerative disorders. Here we review recent progress in the role of autophagy in neurological diseases and discuss how dysregulation of autophagy initiation, autophagosome formation, maturation, and/or au-tophagosome-lysosomal fusion step contributes to the pathogenesis of these disorders in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Shiyin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Haixia Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Haofeng Huang
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac-Cerebral Vascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengjie He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yongquan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Qing Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Du Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
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27
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Chinese Herbal Complex 'Bu Shen Jie Du Fang' (BSJDF) Modulated Autophagy in an MPP +-Induced Cell Model of Parkinson's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8920813. [PMID: 31001356 PMCID: PMC6436328 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8920813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in the development of Parkinson disease (PD). Previous studies showed that autophagy could protect cells from α-synuclein toxicity and promote functional coupling of mitochondria. But it is still a question whether modulating autophagy can be used to treat PD. In traditional Chinese medicine, a specific Chinese herbal complex called Bu Shen Jie Du Fang (BSJDF) has a long history of treating motor impairments similar to Parkinson disease, while its mechanism is still unclear. As a pilot study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and its mechanism of Bu Shen Jie Du Fang in an MPP+-induced cell model of Parkinson's disease. And the phase contrast microscope (PCM) revealed that the BSJDF group had the greatest surviving cell counts compared with all other treated cell groups except the normal group. And Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) assays showed a similar result. In BSJDF group, 3.7 ×107 cells/dish was identified by hemocytometer counts, which was significantly higher than other groups except the normal cells (p<0.05). In the BSJDF group, autophagy can be observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Protein expression of Atg12 and LC3 in the BSJDF group was upregulated compared to the PD model group (p<0.05). Atg12 mRNA expression was also upregulated in the BSJDF group (p<0.05). In conclusion, our study indicated that the therapeutic mechanisms of BSJDF may be mediated by stimulating autophagy, and modulating autophagy can be used to treat PD.
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Khalifeh M, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Trehalose as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1173-1189. [PMID: 30767205 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive movement disorder resulting primarily from loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. PD is characterized by the accumulation of protein aggregates, and evidence suggests that aberrant protein deposition in dopaminergic neurons could be related to the dysregulation of the lysosomal autophagy pathway. The therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators has been reported in experimental models of PD. Trehalose is a natural disaccharide that has been considered as a new candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. It has a chaperone-like activity, prevents protein misfolding or aggregation, and by promoting autophagy, contributes to the removal of accumulated proteins. In this review, we briefly summarize the role of aberrant autophagy in PD and the underlying mechanisms that lead to the development of this disease. We also discuss reports that used trehalose to counteract the neurotoxicity in PD, focusing particularly on the autophagy promoting, protein stabilization, and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of trehalose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Khalifeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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29
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Howson PA, Johnston TH, Ravenscroft P, Hill MP, Su J, Brotchie JM, Koprich JB. Beneficial Effects of Trehalose on Striatal Dopaminergic Deficits in Rodent and Primate Models of Synucleinopathy in Parkinson's Disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:364-374. [PMID: 30918068 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.255695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease modification in Parkinson's disease (PD) is an unmet medical need. In the current study, we evaluated trehalose, a safe and well-tolerated disaccharide that has previously demonstrated efficacy in rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. In a rat model of PD, based on delivery of adeno-associated virus serotype 1/2 containing the mutated human A53T α-synuclein gene (AAV1/2-hourA53T-aSyn) to the substantia nigra (SN), we showed that rats administered trehalose (2.67 g/kg per day, by mouth) for 6 weeks had less forelimb asymmetry (93% reduction) and higher striatal dopamine (54% increase) compared with rats receiving vehicle. In a pharmacokinetic study, we determined that efficacy was associated with plasma C max of 8900 ng/ml and area under the curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0-inf) of 11,136 hour⋅ng/ml. We then showed, in macaques, that oral administration of trehalose (2.67 g/kg per day) produced plasma exposures of similar magnitude, with plasma C max of 10,918 ng/ml and AUC0-inf of 27,445 hour⋅ng/ml. In a macaque model of PD, also based on delivery of AAV1/2-hourA53T-aSyn to the SN, trehalose (2.67 g/kg per day, by mouth), administered for 142 days, produced higher striatal dopamine (by 39%) and dopamine transporter levels (by 50%), compared with macaques receiving vehicle. In neither model did trehalose treatment prevent loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive (TH+ve) cells in the SN or alter α-synuclein levels in the striatum. These studies demonstrated that trehalose reduces striatal dopaminergic deficits in a rodent and macaque model of synucleinopathy in PD. Furthermore, we have determined the pharmacokinetic parameters associated with efficacy, and thus defined exposures to target in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Howson
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
| | - Tom H Johnston
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
| | - Paula Ravenscroft
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
| | - Michael P Hill
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
| | - Jin Su
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
| | - Jonathan M Brotchie
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
| | - James B Koprich
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.S., J.M.B., J.B.K.); Junaxo Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H.); and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.A.H., T.H.J., P.R., M.P.H., J.M.B., J.B.K.)
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30
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Zou W, Pu T, Feng W, Lu M, Zheng Y, Du R, Xiao M, Hu G. Blocking meningeal lymphatic drainage aggravates Parkinson's disease-like pathology in mice overexpressing mutated α-synuclein. Transl Neurodegener 2019; 8:7. [PMID: 30867902 PMCID: PMC6396507 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal aggregation of brain α-synuclein is a central step in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), thus, it is reliable to promote the clearance of α-synuclein to prevent and treat PD. Recent studies have revealed an essential role of glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels in the clearance of brain macromolecules, however, their pathophysiological aspects remain elusive. Method Meningeal lymphatic drainage of 18-week-old A53T mice was blocked via ligating the deep cervical lymph nodes. Six weeks later, glymphatic functions and PD-like phenotypes were systemically analyzed. Results Glymphatic influx of cerebrospinal fluid tracer was reduced in A53T mice, accompanied with perivascular aggregation of α-synuclein and impaired polarization of aquaporin 4 expression in substantia nigra. Cervical lymphatic ligation aggravated glymphatic dysfunction of A53T mice, causing more severe accumulation of α-synuclein, glial activation, inflammation, dopaminergic neuronal loss and motor deficits. Conclusion The results suggest that brain lymphatic clearance dysfunction may be an aggravating factor in PD pathology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40035-019-0147-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zou
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu China
| | - Tinglin Pu
- 2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneratiion, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Weixi Feng
- 2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneratiion, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Ming Lu
- 2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneratiion, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Ying Zheng
- 2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneratiion, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Renhong Du
- 2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneratiion, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Ming Xiao
- 2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneratiion, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Gang Hu
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu China.,2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneratiion, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
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31
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Halbe L, Rami A. Trehalase localization in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of mouse brains. J Adv Res 2019; 18:71-79. [PMID: 30828477 PMCID: PMC6383079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphological localization of trehalase in vivo in the mouse brain. Exclusive expression of trehalase in neurons. Astrocytes do not express trehalase. A strong trehalase-immunoreactivity of trehalase was found in the perikarya and dendrites of neurons. Trehalase levels in neurons should have a physiological significance.
The non-reducing disaccharide trehalose is biosynthesized in several species but not in vertebrates. However, trehalase, the enzyme required for its cleavage, has been observed in different mammalian organs. Even in humans, trehalase was detected in the gastrointestinal tract and the kidney. Trehalase is an intrinsic glycoprotein of the small intestine and kidney that transports trehalose and hydrolyses it to two glucose molecules. To our knowledge, no information is available about the in vivo distribution and localization of trehalase in the mammalian brain. Here, we report the occurrence and distribution of trehalase in vivo in the mouse brain using Western blotting and immunohistochemical techniques. Using an antibody against trehalase, we demonstrated that the enzyme showed a band with a molecular mass of approx. 70 kDa in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, cerebellum and olfactory bulbs. Strong trehalase immunoreactivity was found in the perikarya and dendrites of neurons located in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, Purkinje cells and mitral cells. Interestingly, Purkinje cells of the cerebellum showed higher immunoreactivity than neurons in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The distribution of trehalase appeared to be mainly related to neurons and was not detected in astrocytes. Independent of the presence of trehalose in neurons, the trehalase levels in neurons should have physiological significance. Investigating whether the interactions between trehalose and trehalase act on brain energy metabolism or have other not-yet-identified effects would also be interesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Halbe
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Anatomie (Anatomie III), Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - A Rami
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Anatomie (Anatomie III), Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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32
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Rusmini P, Cortese K, Crippa V, Cristofani R, Cicardi ME, Ferrari V, Vezzoli G, Tedesco B, Meroni M, Messi E, Piccolella M, Galbiati M, Garrè M, Morelli E, Vaccari T, Poletti A. Trehalose induces autophagy via lysosomal-mediated TFEB activation in models of motoneuron degeneration. Autophagy 2018; 15:631-651. [PMID: 30335591 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1535292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy, a defense mechanism against aberrant stresses, in neurons counteracts aggregate-prone misfolded protein toxicity. Autophagy induction might be beneficial in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The natural compound trehalose promotes autophagy via TFEB (transcription factor EB), ameliorating disease phenotype in multiple ND models, but its mechanism is still obscure. We demonstrated that trehalose regulates autophagy by inducing rapid and transient lysosomal enlargement and membrane permeabilization (LMP). This effect correlated with the calcium-dependent phosphatase PPP3/calcineurin activation, TFEB dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Trehalose upregulated genes for the TFEB target and regulator Ppargc1a, lysosomal hydrolases and membrane proteins (Ctsb, Gla, Lamp2a, Mcoln1, Tpp1) and several autophagy-related components (Becn1, Atg10, Atg12, Sqstm1/p62, Map1lc3b, Hspb8 and Bag3) mostly in a PPP3- and TFEB-dependent manner. TFEB silencing counteracted the trehalose pro-degradative activity on misfolded protein causative of motoneuron diseases. Similar effects were exerted by trehalase-resistant trehalose analogs, melibiose and lactulose. Thus, limited lysosomal damage might induce autophagy, perhaps as a compensatory mechanism, a process that is beneficial to counteract neurodegeneration. Abbreviations: ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; AR: androgen receptor; ATG: autophagy related; AV: autophagic vacuole; BAG3: BCL2-associated athanogene 3; BECN1: beclin 1, autophagy related; CASA: chaperone-assisted selective autophagy; CTSB: cathepsin b; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; fALS, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; FRA: filter retardation assay; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GLA: galactosidase, alpha; HD: Huntington disease; hIPSCs: human induced pluripotent stem cells; HSPA8: heat shock protein A8; HSPB8: heat shock protein B8; IF: immunofluorescence analysis; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LAMP2A: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A; LGALS3: lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3; LLOMe: L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester; LMP: lysosomal membrane permeabilization; Lys: lysosomes; MAP1LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MCOLN1: mucolipin 1; mRNA: messenger RNA; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NDs: neurodegenerative diseases; NSC34: neuroblastoma x spinal cord 34; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PD: Parkinson disease; polyQ: polyglutamine; PPARGC1A: peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha; PPP3CB: protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, beta isoform; RT-qPCR: real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; SBMA: spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy; SCAs: spinocerebellar ataxias; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SLC2A8: solute carrier family 2, (facilitated glucose transporter), member 8; smNPCs: small molecules neural progenitors cells; SOD1: superoxide dismutase 1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STED: stimulated emission depletion; STUB1: STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1; TARDBP/TDP-43: TAR DNA binding protein; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TPP1: tripeptidyl peptidase I; TREH: trehalase (brush-border membrane glycoprotein); WB: western blotting; ZKSCAN3: zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rusmini
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Katia Cortese
- b DIMES, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Anatomia Umana , Università di Genova , Genova , Italy
| | - Valeria Crippa
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Riccardo Cristofani
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Maria Elena Cicardi
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrari
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Giulia Vezzoli
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Barbara Tedesco
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Marco Meroni
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Elio Messi
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Margherita Piccolella
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | | | - Elena Morelli
- d Dipartimento di Bioscienze , Università degli Studi di Milano , Italy
| | - Thomas Vaccari
- d Dipartimento di Bioscienze , Università degli Studi di Milano , Italy
| | - Angelo Poletti
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy.,e Centro Interuniversitario sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Genova e Milano , Italy
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Pierzynowska K, Gaffke L, Cyske Z, Puchalski M, Rintz E, Bartkowski M, Osiadły M, Pierzynowski M, Mantej J, Piotrowska E, Węgrzyn G. Autophagy stimulation as a promising approach in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:989-1008. [PMID: 29542037 PMCID: PMC6060747 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process of degradation of macromolecules in the cytoplasm, particularly proteins of a long half-life, as well as whole organelles, in eukaryotic cells. Lysosomes play crucial roles during this degradation. Autophagy is a phylogenetically old, and evolutionarily conserved phenomenon which occurs in all eukaryotic cells. It can be found in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, insect Drosophila melanogaster, and mammals, including humans. Its high importance for cell physiology has been recognized, and in fact, dysfunctions causing impaired autophagy are associated with many severe disorders, including cancer and metabolic brain diseases. The types and molecular mechanisms of autophagy have been reviewed recently by others, and in this paper they will be summarized only briefly. Regulatory networks controlling the autophagy process are usually described as negative regulations. In contrast, here, we focus on different ways by which autophagy can be stimulated. In fact, activation of this process by different factors or processes can be considered as a therapeutic strategy in metabolic neurodegenerative diseases. These aspects are reviewed and discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pierzynowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lidia Gaffke
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Cyske
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Puchalski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Estera Rintz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Bartkowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Osiadły
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Pierzynowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jagoda Mantej
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Piotrowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Li T, Feng Y, Yang R, Wu L, Li R, Huang L, Yang Q, Chen J. Salidroside Promotes the Pathological α-Synuclein Clearance Through Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in SH-SY5Y Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:377. [PMID: 29725300 PMCID: PMC5917065 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) in the surviving SNc neurons. LBs formation is caused by the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) or phosphorylated α-syn at serine-129 (pSer129-α-syn), which is implicated in the pathological progression of PD. Salidroside (Sal), the main active ingredient of the root of Rhodiola rosea L., has been reported to have potent neuroprotective properties in our previous investigations. Here, we investigated the effects of Sal on 6-OHDA and overexpresssion of WT/A30P-α-syn-induced pathological α-syn increase and the mechanism behind it in SH-SY5Y cells. We found Sal displays neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cytotoxicity. Sal decreased the pSer129-α-syn level mainly by maintaining the normal function of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Furthermore, Sal promoted the clearance of α-syn and protected the cell viability mainly through recovered the 20S proteasome activity in WT/A30P-α-syn-transfected cells. These data provide new mechanistic insights into the neuroprotective effects of Sal and Sal may be a promising therapy to slow neurodegeneration in PD. Highlights: Sal protects cells and decreases the pSer129-α-syn protein level in 6-OHDA-induced impairmental and dysfunctional SH-SY5Y cells. Sal promotes the clearance of α-syn and protects the cell viability mainly through recovering the 20S proteasome activity in WT/A30P-α-syn plasmids transfected cells. Maintaining the normal function of the UPS may be one of the important mechanisms of Sal in neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruixin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Leitao Wu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruru Li
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianzong Chen
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
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Hosseinpour-Moghaddam K, Caraglia M, Sahebkar A. Autophagy induction by trehalose: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic impacts. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6524-6543. [PMID: 29663416 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The balance between synthesis and degradation is crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis and different mechanisms are known to keep this balance. In this review, we will provide a short overview on autophagy as an intracellular homeostatic degradative machinery. We will also describe the involvement of downregulation of autophagy in numerous diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, aging, metabolic disorders, and other infectious diseases. Therefore, modulation of autophagic processes can represent a promising way of intervention in different diseases including neurodegeneration and cancer. Trehalose, also known as mycose, is a natural disaccharide found extensively but not abundantly among several organisms. It is described that trehalose can work as an important autophagy modulator and can be proficiently used in the control several diseases in which autophagy plays an important role. On these bases, we describe here the role of trehalose as an innovative drug in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and other illnesses opening a new scenario of intervention in conditions difficult to be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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36
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Yu W, Chen S, Cao L, Tang J, Xiao W, Xiao B. Ginkgolide K promotes the clearance of A53T mutation alpha-synuclein in SH-SY5Y cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2017; 34:291-303. [PMID: 29214369 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-017-9419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is associated to Parkinson's disease (PD). The aggregated form of α-syn has potential neurotoxicity. Thus, the clearance of α-syn aggregation is a plausible strategy to delay disease progression of PD. In our study, we found that the treatment of Ginkgolide B (GB) and Ginkgolide K (GK) reduced cell death, and enhanced cell proliferation in SH-SY5Y cells, which overexpressed A53T mutant α-syn. Surprisingly, GK, but not GB, promoted the clearance of A53T α-syn, which can be abolished by autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, indicating that GK-induced autophagy intervened in the clearance of A53T α-syn. However, GK did not affect the NEDD4 that belongs to the ubiquitin ligase in the endosomal-lysosomal pathway. Furthermore, GK treatment inhibited the p-NF-kB/p65 and induced the PI3K, BDNF, and PSD-95. Taken together, GK increased the clearance of α-syn, reduced cell death, and triggered complex crosstalk between different signaling pathways. Although our results show a potentially new therapeutic candidate for PD, the details of this mechanism need to be further identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Yu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, China
| | - Baoguo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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37
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Yoon YS, Cho ED, Jung Ahn W, Won Lee K, Lee SJ, Lee HJ. Is trehalose an autophagic inducer? Unraveling the roles of non-reducing disaccharides on autophagic flux and alpha-synuclein aggregation. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3091. [PMID: 28981090 PMCID: PMC5682667 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a pivotal intracellular process by which cellular macromolecules are degraded upon various stimuli. A failure in the degradation of autophagic substrates such as impaired organelles and protein aggregates leads to their accumulations, which are characteristics of many neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacological activation of autophagy has thus been considered a prospective therapeutic approach for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Among a number of autophagy-inducing agents, trehalose has received attention for its beneficial effects in different disease models of neurodegeneration. However, how trehalose promotes autophagy has not been fully revealed. We investigated the influence of trehalose and other disaccharides upon autophagic flux and aggregation of α-synuclein, a protein linked to Parkinson's disease. In differentiated human neuroblastoma and primary rat cortical neuron culture models, treatment with trehalose and other disaccharides resulted in accumulation of lipidated LC3 (LC3-II), p62, and autophagosomes, whereas it decreased autolysosomes. On the other hand, addition of Bafilomycin A1 to trehalose treatments had relatively marginal effect, an indicative of autophagic flux blockage. In concordance with these results, the cells treated with trehalose exhibited an incremental tendency in α-synuclein aggregation. Secretion of α-synuclein was also elevated in the culture medium upon trehalose treatment, thereby significantly increasing intercellular transmission of this protein. Despite the substantial increase in α-synuclein aggregation, which normally leads to cell death, cell viability was not affected upon treatment with trehalose, suggesting an autophagy-independent protective function of trehalose against protein aggregates. This study demonstrates that, although trehalose has been widely considered an autophagic inducer, it may be actually a potent blocker of the autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Seul Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea.,IBST, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Eun-Duk Cho
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea.,IBST, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Woo Jung Ahn
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - He-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea.,IBST, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
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38
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Mishra AK, Mishra S, Rajput C, Ur Rasheed MS, Patel DK, Singh MP. Cypermethrin Activates Autophagosome Formation Albeit Inhibits Autophagy Owing to Poor Lysosome Quality: Relevance to Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2017; 33:377-387. [PMID: 28840510 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most familiar, progressive and movement-related neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer disease. This study aimed to decipher the role of autophagy in cypermethrin-induced Parkinsonism, an animal model of PD. Indicators of autophagy [expression of beclin 1, autophagy-related protein 12 (Atg 12), unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (Ulk 1), p62 and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP 2) and conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) I to II], signalling cascade [phosphorylated (p) 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), sirtuin 1 (Sirt 1), phosphorylated-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC 2), p317Ulk 1 and p757Ulk 1 levels] and lysosome morphology were assessed in control and cypermethrin-treated rat model of PD. Autophagy markers were also measured in cypermethrin-treated neuroblastoma cells in the presence of 3-methyl adenine, a phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) class III inhibitor; vinblastine, an autophagosome elongation inhibitor; bafilomycin A1, an autophagolysosome and lysosome fusion/abnormal acidification inhibitor or torin 1, a mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitor. Cypermethrin reduced LAMP 2 and increased p-AMPK and Sirt 1 without causing any change in other signalling proteins. 3-Methyl adenine did not change LC3 conversion; vinblastine and bafilomycin A1 decreased LAMP 2 expression in controls. While cypermethrin increased LC3 conversion in the presence of 3-methyl adenine, LAMP 2 reduction was more pronounced in vinblastine and bafilomycin A1-treated cells. Torin 1 normalized the expression of LAMP 2 without any change in other autophagy markers. Results demonstrate that albeit cypermethrin activates autophagosome formation, it reduces LAMP 2 expression and lysosome quality leading to autophagy inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Mishra
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saumya Mishra
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Charul Rajput
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Sami Ur Rasheed
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Patel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-IITR, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahendra Pratap Singh
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Trehalose Inhibits A53T Mutant α-Synuclein Overexpression and Neurotoxicity in Transduced PC12 Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081293. [PMID: 28786917 PMCID: PMC6152154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar accumulation of A53T mutant α-synuclein (A53T-AS) in Lewy bodies is a symptom of Parkinsonism. Inhibitions of the overexpression and fibrillar aggregation of α-synuclein (AS) in vivo could be a promising strategy for treating Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, at concentrations lower than 1 mM, trehalose decreased the A53T-AS expression level in transduced PC12 cells. Although H2O2 and aluminum ions increased the expression level and neurotoxicity of A53T-AS in cells, proper trehalose concentrations inhibited the event. These studies adequately prove that trehalose at an appropriate dose would be potentially useful for PD treatment.
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40
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Zhang R, Sun F, Zhang L, Sun X, Li L. Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside inhibits α-synuclein aggregation and apoptosis in A53T α-synuclein-transfected cells exposed to MPP+. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:750-758. [PMID: 28187263 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has solidified the involvement of α-synuclein (α-Syn) and neurotoxins in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), suggesting a combination of genetic and environmental influences. 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) is one of the main active components extracted from Polygonum multiflorum. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of TSG on α-Syn aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in vitro. A53T mutant α-synuclein-transfected cells (A53T AS cells) plus MPP+ exposure were used as a complex cell model of PD. The expression of proteins was determined by Western blot assay. Flow cytometry was utilized to measure mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis. The results showed that MPP+ exposure for 24 h induced more severe damage in A53T AS cells than in vector control cells. Pretreatment of TSG for 24 h significantly increased the cell viability; decreased lactate dehydrogenase leakage; inhibited α-Syn over-expression and aggregation; elevated mitochondrial membrane potential; decreased reactive oxygen species, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and caspase-3 activity; and inhibited apoptosis in A53T AS cells exposed to MPP+. These results suggest that TSG may be an attractive candidate for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs; Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Fangling Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs; Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
- Experimental Animal Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs; Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xuejing Sun
- Department of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs; Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
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41
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Wang ZY, Liu JY, Yang CB, Malampati S, Huang YY, Li MX, Li M, Song JX. Neuroprotective Natural Products for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease by Targeting the Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway: A Systematic Review. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1119-1127. [PMID: 28504367 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) is a primary means by which damaged organelles and long-lived proteins are removed from cells and their components recycled. Impairment of the ALP has been found to be linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of protein aggregates and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. In recent years, some active compounds derived from plants have been found to regulate the ALP and to exert neuroprotective effects in experimental models of PD, raising the possibility that autophagy enhancement may be an effective therapeutic strategy in PD treatment. In this review, we summarize recent findings of natural products that enhance ALP and thereby protect against PD. Research articles were retrieved from PubMed using relevant keywords in combination. Papers related to the topic were identified, and then the reliability of the experiments was assessed in terms of methodology. The results suggest that targeting the ALP with natural products is a promising strategy for PD treatment. However, risk of bias exists in some studies due to the defective methodology. Rigorous experimental design following the guidelines of autophagy assays, molecular target identification and in vivo efficacy evaluation is critical for the development of ALP enhancers for PD treatment in future studies. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ying Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jing-Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chuan-Bin Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Sandeep Malampati
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ying-Yu Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ju-Xian Song
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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42
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Moors TE, Hoozemans JJM, Ingrassia A, Beccari T, Parnetti L, Chartier-Harlin MC, van de Berg WDJ. Therapeutic potential of autophagy-enhancing agents in Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:11. [PMID: 28122627 PMCID: PMC5267440 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence from genetic, pathological and experimental studies have increasingly suggested an important role for autophagy impairment in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Genetic studies have identified mutations in genes encoding for components of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP), including glucosidase beta acid 1 (GBA1), that are associated with increased risk for developing PD. Observations in PD brain tissue suggest an aberrant regulation of autophagy associated with the aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn). As autophagy is one of the main systems involved in the proteolytic degradation of α-syn, pharmacological enhancement of autophagy may be an attractive strategy to combat α-syn aggregation in PD. Here, we review the potential of autophagy enhancement as disease-modifying therapy in PD based on preclinical evidence. In particular, we provide an overview of the molecular regulation of autophagy and targets for pharmacological modulation within the ALP. In experimental models, beneficial effects on multiple pathological processes involved in PD, including α-syn aggregation, cell death, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, have been demonstrated using the autophagy enhancers rapamycin and lithium. However, selectivity of these agents is limited, while upstream ALP signaling proteins are involved in many other pathways than autophagy. Broad stimulation of autophagy may therefore cause a wide spectrum of dose-dependent side-effects, suggesting that its clinical applicability is limited. However, recently developed agents selectively targeting core ALP components, including Transcription Factor EB (TFEB), lysosomes, GCase as well as chaperone-mediated autophagy regulators, exert more specific effects on molecular pathogenetic processes causing PD. To conclude, the targeted manipulation of downstream ALP components, rather than broad autophagy stimulation, may be an attractive strategy for the development of novel pharmacological therapies in PD. Further characterization of dysfunctional autophagy in different stages and molecular subtypes of PD in combination with the clinical translation of downstream autophagy regulation offers exciting new avenues for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim E Moors
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen J M Hoozemans
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Ingrassia
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin
- UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, University of Lille, Lille, F-59000, France.,Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Team "Early stages of Parkinson's disease", F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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43
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Redmann M, Wani WY, Volpicelli-Daley L, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J. Trehalose does not improve neuronal survival on exposure to alpha-synuclein pre-formed fibrils. Redox Biol 2017; 11:429-437. [PMID: 28068606 PMCID: PMC5220183 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that is pathologically characterized by intracellular inclusions comprised primarily of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) that can also be transmitted from neuron to neuron. Several lines of evidence suggest that these inclusions cause neurodegeneration. Thus exploring strategies to improve neuronal survival in neurons with αSyn aggregates is critical. Previously, exposure to αSyn pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) has been shown to induce aggregation of endogenous αSyn resulting in cell death that is exacerbated by either starvation or inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin, both of which are able to induce autophagy, an intracellular protein degradation pathway. Since mTOR inhibition may also inhibit protein synthesis and starvation itself can be detrimental to neuronal survival, we investigated the effects of autophagy induction on neurons with αSyn inclusions by a starvation and mTOR-independent autophagy induction mechanism. We exposed mouse primary cortical neurons to PFFs to induce inclusion formation in the presence and absence of the disaccharide trehalose, which has been proposed to induce autophagy and stimulate lysosomal biogenesis. As expected, we observed that on exposure to PFFs, there was increased abundance of pS129-αSyn aggregates and cell death. Trehalose alone increased LC3-II levels, consistent with increased autophagosome levels that remained elevated with PFF exposure. Interestingly, trehalose alone increased cell viability over a 14-d time course. Trehalose was also able to restore cell viability to control levels, but PFFs still exhibited toxic effects on the cells. These data provide essential information regarding effects of trehalose on αSyn accumulation and neuronal survival on exposure to PFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Redmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Willayat Y Wani
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Laura Volpicelli-Daley
- Center for Neurodegeneration, Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Center for Neurodegeneration, Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham VA Medical Center, USA.
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44
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Sivanesam K, Andersen NH. Modulating the Amyloidogenesis of α-Synuclein. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:226-37. [PMID: 26517049 PMCID: PMC4857621 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666151030103153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-Synuclein is found in the neuronal cells but its native function is not well known. While α -synuclein is an intrinsically disordered protein that adopts a helical conformation upon membrane binding, numerous studies have shown that oligomeric β-forms of this protein are cytotoxic. This response to misfolded species contributes to Parkinson's Disease etiology and symptoms. The resulting amyloid fibrils are an established diagnostic in Parkinson's Disease. In this review, we focus on strategies that have been used to inhibit the amyloidogenesis of α -synuclein either by stabilizing the native state, or by redirecting the pathway to less toxic aggregates. Small molecules such as polyphenols, peptides as well as large proteins have proven effective at protecting cells against the cytotoxicity of α-synuclein. These strategies may lead to the development of therapeutic agents that could prove useful in combating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niels H Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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45
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Holler CJ, Taylor G, McEachin ZT, Deng Q, Watkins WJ, Hudson K, Easley CA, Hu WT, Hales CM, Rossoll W, Bassell GJ, Kukar T. Trehalose upregulates progranulin expression in human and mouse models of GRN haploinsufficiency: a novel therapeutic lead to treat frontotemporal dementia. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:46. [PMID: 27341800 PMCID: PMC4919863 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progranulin (PGRN) is a secreted growth factor important for neuronal survival and may do so, in part, by regulating lysosome homeostasis. Mutations in the PGRN gene (GRN) are a common cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and lead to disease through PGRN haploinsufficiency. Additionally, complete loss of PGRN in humans leads to neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), a lysosomal storage disease. Importantly, Grn-/- mouse models recapitulate pathogenic lysosomal features of NCL. Further, GRN variants that decrease PGRN expression increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Together these findings demonstrate that insufficient PGRN predisposes neurons to degeneration. Therefore, compounds that increase PGRN levels are potential therapeutics for multiple neurodegenerative diseases. RESULTS Here, we performed a cell-based screen of a library of known autophagy-lysosome modulators and identified multiple novel activators of a human GRN promoter reporter including several common mTOR inhibitors and an mTOR-independent activator of autophagy, trehalose. Secondary cellular screens identified trehalose, a natural disaccharide, as the most promising lead compound because it increased endogenous PGRN in all cell lines tested and has multiple reported neuroprotective properties. Trehalose dose-dependently increased GRN mRNA as well as intracellular and secreted PGRN in both mouse and human cell lines and this effect was independent of the transcription factor EB (TFEB). Moreover, trehalose rescued PGRN deficiency in human fibroblasts and neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from GRN mutation carriers. Finally, oral administration of trehalose to Grn haploinsufficient mice significantly increased PGRN expression in the brain. CONCLUSIONS This work reports several novel autophagy-lysosome modulators that enhance PGRN expression and identifies trehalose as a promising therapeutic for raising PGRN levels to treat multiple neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Holler
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Georgia Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zachary T McEachin
- Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Qiudong Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - William J Watkins
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kathryn Hudson
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Charles A Easley
- Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - William T Hu
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chadwick M Hales
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Thomas Kukar
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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46
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Liu FT, Yang YJ, Wu JJ, Li S, Tang YL, Zhao J, Liu ZY, Xiao BG, Zuo J, Liu W, Wang J. Fasudil, a Rho kinase inhibitor, promotes the autophagic degradation of A53T α-synuclein by activating the JNK 1/Bcl-2/beclin 1 pathway. Brain Res 2016; 1632:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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47
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Radad K, Moldzio R, Al-Shraim M, Kranner B, Krewenka C, Rausch WD. Recent advances in autophagy-based neuroprotection. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:195-205. [PMID: 25614954 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1002087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a highly regulated intracellular process that, under certain circumstances, delivers cytoplasmic components to the lysosomes for degradation. It consists of several sequential steps including initiation and nucleation, double membrane formation and elongation, formation and maturation of autophagosomes and finally autophagosomes/lysosomes fusion and degradation of intra-autophagosomal contents by lysosomal enzymes. After decades of considering autophagy as a cell death pathway, it has recently been shown to have a survival function through clearing of protein aggregates and damaged cytoplasmic organelles in response to a variety of stress conditions. Most recently, there is increasing evidence from literature revealing that autophagy induction may combat neurodegeneration. In the light of this, our current review tried to address the recent advances in the role of induced autophagy in neuroprotection with a particular focus on its contribution in the most common neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Radad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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48
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Treatment with Trehalose Prevents Behavioral and Neurochemical Deficits Produced in an AAV α-Synuclein Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2258-68. [PMID: 25972237 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein in dopamine (DA) neurons is believed to be of major importance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Animal models of PD, based on viral-vector-mediated over-expression of α-synuclein, have been developed and show evidence of dopaminergic toxicity, providing us a good tool to investigate potential therapies to interfere with α-synuclein-mediated pathology. An efficient disease-modifying therapeutic molecule should be able to interfere with the neurotoxicity of α-synuclein aggregation. Our study highlighted the ability of an autophagy enhancer, trehalose (at concentrations of 5 and 2% in drinking water), to protect against A53T α-synuclein-mediated DA degeneration in an adeno-associated virus serotype 1/2 (AAV1/2)-based rat model of PD. Behavioral tests and neurochemical analysis demonstrated a significant attenuation in α-synuclein-mediated deficits in motor asymmetry and DA neurodegeneration including impaired DA neuronal survival and DA turnover, as well as α-synuclein accumulation and aggregation in the nigrostriatal system by commencing 5 and 2% trehalose at the same time as delivery of AAV. Trehalose (0.5%) was ineffective on the above behavioral and neurochemical deficits. Further investigation showed that trehalose enhanced autophagy in the striatum by increasing formation of LC3-II. This study supports the concept of using trehalose as a novel therapeutic strategy that might prevent/reverse α-synuclein aggregation for the treatment of PD.
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49
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Liu FT, Chen Y, Yang YJ, Yang L, Yu M, Zhao J, Wu JJ, Huang F, Liu W, Ding ZT, Wang J. Involvement of mortalin/GRP75/mthsp70 in the mitochondrial impairments induced by A53T mutant α-synuclein. Brain Res 2015; 1604:52-61. [PMID: 25665531 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutations and excessive accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) can lead to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, indicating a pivotal role of α-syn in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although how α-syn contributes to PD is still elusive, mitochondrial impairments have been reported to be implicated in. Mortalin, a molecular chaperone mainly located in mitochondria, has been linked to the pathogenesis of PD in recent studies. Moreover, some proteomics studies indicate that mortalin is associated with PD-related proteins, including α-syn. Therefore it is of interest to understand the function of mortalin in the mitochondrial disruption induced by A53T α-syn overexpression. The present study modulated the expression of mortalin and detected the effect of mortalin on the mitochondrial impairments induced by A53T α-syn in SH-SY5Y cells. Our data revealed that A53T α-syn could disrupt mitochondrial dynamics and increase the neuronal susceptibility to neurotoxin rotenone. The expression of mortalin decreased significantly in dopaminergic cells overexpressing A53T α-syn; furthermore, the down-regulation of mortalin could attenuate the disrupted mitochondrial dynamics by reducing α-syn translocation to mitochondria, suggesting that a compensatory mechanism of mortalin might be implicated in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Department & Institute of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Department & Institute of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Yu-Jie Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Department & Institute of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Department & Institute of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zheng-Tong Ding
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Department & Institute of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Department & Institute of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Abstract
Anhydrobiosis (Life Without Water) has been known for millennia, but the underlying mechanisms have not been understood until recent decades, and we have achieved only a partial understanding. One of the chief sites of damage from dehydration is membranes, and we and others have provided evidence that this damage may be obviated by the production of certain sugars, particularly trehalose. The sugar stabilizes membranes by preventing fusion and fluidizing the dry bilayers. The mechanism by which this is accomplished has been controversial, and I review that controversy here. In the past decade evidence is accumulating for a role of stress proteins in addition to or as a substitute for trehalose. Genomic studies on anhydrobiotes are yielding rapid progress. Also in the past decade, numerous uses for trehalose in treating human diseases have been proposed, some of which are in clinical testing. I conclude that the mechanisms underlying anhydrobiosis are more complex than we thought 20 years ago, but progress is being made towards elucidating those mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Crowe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95618, USA.
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