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Yahyazadeh A, Gur FM. Promising the potential of β-caryophyllene on mercury chloride-induced alteration in cerebellum and spinal cord of young Wistar albino rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03268-4. [PMID: 38995373 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Mercury chloride (ME) is a chemical pollutant commonly found in the environment, which can contribute to undesirable health consequence worldwide. The current study investigated the detrimental impact of ME on the cerebellum and spinal cord tissues in 6-8-week-old female rats. We also evaluated the neuroprotective efficacy of β-caryophyllene (BC) against spinal and cerebellar changes caused by ME. Thirty-five young Wistar albino rats were randomly chosen and assigned into five groups: control (CO), olive oil (OI), ME, BC, ME + BC. All samples were analysed by means of unbiased stereological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histopathological methods. Our biochemical findings showed that SOD level was significantly increased in the ME group compared to the CO group (p < 0.05). We additionally detected a statistically significant decrease in the number of cerebellar Purkinje cells and granular cells, as well as spinal motor neuron in the ME group compared to the CO group (p < 0.05). In the ME + BC group, the number of Purkinje cells, granular cells, and spinal motor neurons was significantly higher compared to the ME group (p < 0.05). Decreased SOD activity in the ME + BC group was also detected than the ME group (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical (the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) and histopathological examinations also exhibited crucial information in each of the group. Taken together, ME exposure was associated with neurotoxicity in the cerebellum and spinal cord tissues. BC treatment also mitigated ME-induced neurological alteration, which may imply its potential therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Yahyazadeh
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Mehmet Gur
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
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2
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Zhang X, Peng B, Zhang S, Wang J, Yuan X, Peled S, Chen W, Ding J, Li W, Zhang A, Wu Q, Stavrovskaya IG, Luo C, Sinha B, Tu Y, Yuan X, Li M, Liu S, Fu J, Aziz-Sultan A, Kristal BS, Alterovitz G, Du R, Zhou S, Wang X. The MT1 receptor as the target of ramelteon neuroprotection in ischemic stroke. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12925. [PMID: 37986632 PMCID: PMC10872556 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Novel and effective therapies for ischemic stroke are urgently needed. Here, we report that melatonin receptor 1A (MT1) agonist ramelteon is a neuroprotective drug candidate as demonstrated by comprehensive experimental models of ischemic stroke, including a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model of cerebral ischemia in vivo, organotypic hippocampal slice cultures ex vivo, and cultured neurons in vitro; the neuroprotective effects of ramelteon are diminished in MT1-knockout (KO) mice and MT1-KO cultured neurons. For the first time, we report that the MT1 receptor is significantly depleted in the brain of MCAO mice, and ramelteon treatment significantly recovers the brain MT1 losses in MCAO mice, which is further explained by the Connectivity Map L1000 bioinformatic analysis that shows gene-expression signatures of MCAO mice are negatively connected to melatonin receptor agonist like Ramelteon. We demonstrate that ramelteon improves the cerebral blood flow signals in ischemic stroke that is potentially mediated, at least, partly by mechanisms of activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Our results also show that the neuroprotection of ramelteon counteracts reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress and activates the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway. Ramelteon inhibits the mitochondrial and autophagic death pathways in MCAO mice and cultured neurons, consistent with gene set enrichment analysis from a bioinformatics perspective angle. Our data suggest that Ramelteon is a potential neuroprotective drug candidate, and MT1 is the neuroprotective target for ischemic stroke, which provides new insights into stroke therapy. MT1-KO mice and cultured neurons may provide animal and cellular models of accelerated ischemic damage and neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Shenqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xiong Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sharon Peled
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Wu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinyin Ding
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Zhang
- Biomedical Cybernetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiaofeng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Irina G. Stavrovskaya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Research Foundation of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chengliang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Bharati Sinha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Yanyang Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xiaojing Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mingchang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianfang Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The Joslin Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ali Aziz-Sultan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Bruce S. Kristal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gil Alterovitz
- Biomedical Cybernetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rose Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Wilson G, Yang L, Su X, Ding S, Li L, Yang Y, Wang X, Wang W, Sa Y, Zhang Y, Chen J, Ma X. Exploring the therapeutic potential of natural compounds modulating the endocannabinoid system in various diseases and disorders: review. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1410-1444. [PMID: 37906390 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors, endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), and the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of the endocannabinoids make up the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The components of the ECS are proven to modulate a vast bulk of various physiological and pathological processes due to their abundance throughout the human body. Such discoveries have attracted the researchers' attention and emerged as a potential therapeutical target for the treatment of various diseases. In the present article, we reviewed the discoveries of natural compounds, herbs, herbs formula, and their therapeutic properties in various diseases and disorders by modulating the ECS. We also summarize the molecular mechanisms through which these compounds elicit their properties by interacting with the ECS based on the existing findings. Our study provides the insight into the use of natural compounds that modulate ECS in various diseases and disorders, which in turn may facilitate future studies exploiting natural lead compounds as novel frameworks for designing more effective and safer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gidion Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Shuqin Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Liuyan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Youyue Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Weibiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yuping Sa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Huatuo Road, Minhoushangjie, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Xueqin Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Ko W, Baek JS, Liu Z, Dong L, Kim N, Lee H, Yoon CS, Kim NY, Kim SC, Lee DS. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of 1,6,7-Trihydroxy-2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-3-methoxyxanthone Isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata via NF-κB, MAPK, and HO-1 Signaling Pathways in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 and BV2 Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:7299. [PMID: 37959718 PMCID: PMC10650866 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation activated by microglia affects inflammatory pain development. This study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory properties and mechanisms of 1,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-3-methoxyxanthone (THMX) from Cudrania tricuspidata in microglia activation-mediated inflammatory pain. In RAW 264.7 and BV2 cells, THMX has been shown to reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG) E2, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). THMX also decreased LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the activation of p65 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Interestingly, THMX also activated heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression. These findings suggest that THMX is a promising biologically active compound against inflammation through preventing MAPKs and NF-ĸB and activating HO-1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmin Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si 54538, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Jong-Suep Baek
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, 1, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Zhiming Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Linsha Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Nayeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Chi-Su Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si 54538, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Na Young Kim
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 216, Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sam Cheol Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (H.L.)
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5
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Agnes JP, dos Santos B, das Neves RN, Luciano VMM, Benvenutti L, Goldoni FC, Schran RG, Santin JR, Quintão NLM, Zanotto-Filho A. β-Caryophyllene Inhibits Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Mice: Role of Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptors, Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1893. [PMID: 37891972 PMCID: PMC10604080 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is an important adverse effect caused by some chemotherapeutic agents, including oxaliplatin (OXA). OXA-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) is a challenging condition due to diagnostic complexities and a lack of effective treatment. In this study, we investigated the antiallodynic effect of β-caryophyllene (BCP), a cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor agonist, in a mouse model of OIPN. BCP treatment inhibited OXA-induced mechanical and cold allodynia in both preventive and therapeutic drug treatment regimens. Experiments with the CB2 receptor agonist GW405833 confirmed the role of CB2 receptors in OIPN. The CB2 antagonist SR144528 abrogated the anti-nociceptive effect of BCP on mechanical allodynia, without impacting OXA-induced sensitivity to cold. BCP decreased neuroinflammation, as inferred from TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 profiling, and also reduced ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and 4-hydroxynonenal protein adduct formation in the spinal cords of OXA-treated mice. BCP did not affect the antitumor response to OXA or its impact on blood cell counts, implying that the cytotoxicity of OXA was preserved. These results underscore BCP as a candidate drug for OIPN treatment via CB2 receptor-dependent mechanisms, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Paulo Agnes
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (J.P.A.); (B.d.S.); (R.N.d.N.); (V.M.M.L.); (R.G.S.)
| | - Barbara dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (J.P.A.); (B.d.S.); (R.N.d.N.); (V.M.M.L.); (R.G.S.)
| | - Raquel Nascimento das Neves
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (J.P.A.); (B.d.S.); (R.N.d.N.); (V.M.M.L.); (R.G.S.)
| | - Vitória Maria Marques Luciano
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (J.P.A.); (B.d.S.); (R.N.d.N.); (V.M.M.L.); (R.G.S.)
| | - Larissa Benvenutti
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí 88302-901, Brazil; (L.B.); (F.C.G.); (J.R.S.); (N.L.M.Q.)
| | - Fernanda Capitanio Goldoni
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí 88302-901, Brazil; (L.B.); (F.C.G.); (J.R.S.); (N.L.M.Q.)
| | - Roberta Giusti Schran
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (J.P.A.); (B.d.S.); (R.N.d.N.); (V.M.M.L.); (R.G.S.)
| | - José Roberto Santin
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí 88302-901, Brazil; (L.B.); (F.C.G.); (J.R.S.); (N.L.M.Q.)
| | - Nara Lins Meira Quintão
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí 88302-901, Brazil; (L.B.); (F.C.G.); (J.R.S.); (N.L.M.Q.)
| | - Alfeu Zanotto-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (J.P.A.); (B.d.S.); (R.N.d.N.); (V.M.M.L.); (R.G.S.)
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Swiderski J, Sakkal S, Apostolopoulos V, Zulli A, Gadanec LK. Combination of Taurine and Black Pepper Extract as a Treatment for Cardiovascular and Coronary Artery Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112562. [PMID: 37299525 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The shift in modern dietary regimens to "Western style" and sedentary lifestyles are believed to be partly responsible for the increase in the global burden of cardiovascular diseases. Natural products have been used throughout human history as treatments for a plethora of pathological conditions. Taurine and, more recently, black pepper have gained attention for their beneficial health effects while remaining non-toxic even when ingested in excess. Taurine, black pepper, and the major terpene constituents found in black pepper (i.e., β-caryophyllene; α-pinene; β-pinene; α-humulene; limonene; and sabinene) that are present in PhytoCann BP® have been shown to have cardioprotective effects based on anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-hypertensive and anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms. This comprehensive review of the literature focuses on determining whether the combination of taurine and black pepper extract is an effective natural treatment for reducing cardiovascular diseases risk factors (i.e., hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia) and for driving anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms to combat coronary artery disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Swiderski
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Samy Sakkal
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Laura Kate Gadanec
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
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Zeng Y, Xu Y, Pan Y, Guo H. KLF10 knockdown negatively regulates CTRP3 to improve OGD/R-induced brain microvascular endothelial cell injury and barrier dysfunction through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102106. [PMID: 37210762 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke seriously endangers human health and even death. This study aimed to investigate the role of KLF10/CTRP3 in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced brain microvascular endothelial cells injury, as well as the regulatory effects of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. OGD/R-induced human microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) were used to simulate the model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The expression of KLF10/CTRP3 in OGD/R-induced hBMECs as well as the transfection efficiency were all detected by RT-qPCR and western blot. The interaction of KLF10 and CTRP3 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). The viability, apoptosis and endothelial permeability of OGD/R-induced hBMECs was detected by CCK-8, TUNEL and FITC-Dextran assay kit. The capacity of cell migration was assessed by wound healing assay. The expression of apoptosis related proteins, oxidative stress levels and tight junction proteins was also detected. As a result, the expression of KLF10 was increased in OGD/R-induced hBMECs and downregulation of KLF10 could promote the viability, migration and suppress the apoptosis, oxidative stress and endothelial permeability by downregulating the expression of caspase 3, Bax, cleaved PARP, ROS, MDA, and upregulating the expression of Bcl-2, SOD, GSH-Px, ZO-1, occludin, claudin-5. Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway was inhibited in OGD/R-induced hBMECs, which was activated by downregulation of KLF10. KLF10 was demonstrated to be combined with CTRP3 and KLF10 inhibited transcription of CTRP3 in hBMECs. The above changes affected by downregulation of KLF10 could be reversed by the interference with CTRP3. In conclusion, KLF10 knockdown improved OGD/R-induced brain microvascular endothelial cell injury and barrier dysfunction through the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, which was weakened by the downregulation of CTRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchao Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 56300, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yongsu Xu
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 56300, Guizhou, China
| | - Yongjie Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 56300, Guizhou, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 56300, Guizhou, China
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8
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Zhao N, Gao Y, Jia H, Jiang X. Anti-apoptosis effect of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Apoptosis 2023; 28:702-729. [PMID: 36892639 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia, one of the leading causes of neurological dysfunction of brain cells, muscle dysfunction, and death, brings great harm and challenges to individual health, families, and society. Blood flow disruption causes decreased glucose and oxygen, insufficient to maintain normal brain tissue metabolism, resulting in intracellular calcium overload, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acids, and inflammation, ultimately leading to neuronal cell necrosis, apoptosis, or neurological abnormalities. This paper summarizes the specific mechanism of cell injury that apoptosis triggered by reperfusion after cerebral ischemia, the related proteins involved in apoptosis, and the experimental progress of herbal medicine treatment through searching, analyzing, and summarizing the PubMed and Web Of Science databases, which includes active ingredients of herbal medicine, prescriptions, Chinese patent medicines, and herbal extracts, providing a new target or new strategy for drug treatment, and providing a reference for future experimental directions and using them to develop suitable small molecule drugs for clinical application. With the research of anti-apoptosis as the core, it is important to find highly effective, low toxicity, safe and cheap compounds from natural plants and animals with abundant resources to prevent and treat Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (CIR) and solve human suffering. In addition, understanding and summarizing the apoptotic mechanism of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, the microscopic mechanism of CIR treatment, and the cellular pathways involved will help to develop new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhe Gao
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hongtao Jia
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xicheng Jiang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
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Sun Y, Yang X, Xu L, Jia M, Zhang L, Li P, Yang P. The Role of Nrf2 in Relieving Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1405-1420. [PMID: 36453490 PMCID: PMC10324331 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221129100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke includes two related pathological damage processes: brain injury caused by primary ischemia and secondary ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R injury has become a worldwide health problem. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of satisfactory drugs for ameliorating cerebral I/R damage. Nrf2 is a vital endogenous antioxidant protein, which combines with Keap1 to maintain a dormant state under physiological conditions. When pathological changes such as I/R occurs, Nrf2 dissociates from Keap1 and activates the expression of downstream antioxidant proteins to exert a protective effect. Recent research have shown that the activated Nrf2 not only effectively inhibits oxidative stress, but also performs the ability to repair the function of compromised mitochondria, alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress, eliminate inflammatory response, reduce blood-brain barrier permeability, inhibit neuronal apoptosis, enhance the neural network remolding, thereby exerting significant protective effects in alleviating the injuries caused by cell oxygen-glucose deprivation, or animal cerebral I/R. However, no definite clinical application report demonstrated the efficacy of Nrf2 activators in the treatment of cerebral I/R. Therefore, further efforts are needed to elaborate the role of Nrf2 activators in the treatment of cerebral I/R. Here, we reviewed the possible mechanisms underlying its potential pharmacological benefits in alleviating cerebral I/R injury, so as to provide a theoretical basis for studying its mechanism and developing Nrf2 activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Mengxiao Jia
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Limeng Zhang
- School of Nursing, Pingdingshan Polytenchnic College, Pingdingshan, 467001, China
| | - Peng Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
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Wang YH, Long HP, Zhang SX, Liu J, Zhao HQ, Yi J, Linga J. Network pharmacology-based and pharmacological evaluation of the effects of Curcumae Radix on cerebral ischemia–Reperfusion injury. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/2311-8571.370154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
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Nrf2 Regulates Oxidative Stress and Its Role in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122377. [PMID: 36552584 PMCID: PMC9774301 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is characterized by acute ischemia in a certain part of the brain, which leads to brain cells necrosis, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, etc. At present, there are limited effective clinical treatments for cerebral ischemic stroke, and the recovery of cerebral blood circulation will lead to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Cerebral ischemic stroke involves many pathological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), as one of the most critical antioxidant transcription factors in cells, can coordinate various cytoprotective factors to inhibit oxidative stress. Targeting Nrf2 is considered as a potential strategy to prevent and treat cerebral ischemia injury. During cerebral ischemia, Nrf2 participates in signaling pathways such as Keap1, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, NF-κB, and HO-1, and then alleviates cerebral ischemia injury or CIRI by inhibiting oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, protecting the blood-brain barrier, and inhibiting ferroptosis. In this review, we have discussed the structure of Nrf2, the mechanisms of Nrf2 in cerebral ischemic stroke, the related research on the treatment of cerebral ischemia through the Nrf2 signaling pathway in recent years, and expounded the important role and future potential of the Nrf2 pathway in cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Parvizi F, Mehrabi S, Naghizadeh A, Kamalinejad M, Goudarzi S, Farahmandfar M. Comparison of intranasal and intraperitoneal administration of Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) essential oil on spatial memory, anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity in a pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus rat model. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022. [PMCID: PMC9426212 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Epilepsy induces behavioral effects and histological changes in the hippocampus. Eugenol, the main component of clove essential oil, has modulatory effects on seizure. We aimed to investigate the effect of intraperitoneal (IP) and intranasal (IN) clove essential oil on cognitive and histological changes during the chronic phase of temporal lope epilepsy.
Methods
Male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups of seven including control, pilocarpine (PLC), clove oil (IP and IN), sesame oil (IP and IN), phenobarbital (positive control) and saline. Rats were injected with 350 mg/kg PLC to induce status epilepticus (SE). We evaluated the effects of 14 days IP (0.1 ml/kg) and IN (0.02 ml/kg) administration of clove essential oil on locomotor/explorative activity, anxiety-like behavior, spatial recognition memory, and hyperexcitability, as well as hippocampal cell survival in PLC-treated rats.
Results
Our findings indicated that clove oil could effectively ameliorate PLC-induced behavioral deficits, and also alleviate neuronal death in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus. Behavioral results as in the Y-maze, Open field and elevated plus maze featured significant differences between control and treated groups. Post-seizure behavioral battery (PBSS) results explicated that behavioral hyperexcitability were less in clove oil groups (both IN and IP) compared to PLC-treated rats. Moreover, results of this study demonstrated that IN administration of clove oil was more potent in alleviating behavioral impairment at a lower dosage than by IP route. The results of this study, also demonstrated that intranasal administration of clove oil could reduce duration of recurrent seizures.
Conclusion
In summary, clove oil treatment ameliorated histopathological and behavioral consequences of PLC-induced SE.
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Su Q, Dong J, Zhang D, Yang L, Roy R. Protective Effects of the Bilobalide on Retinal Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:6407-6422. [PMID: 35932369 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetes mellitus (DM) complication that causes visual acuity impairment and loss of sight in the working population, mainly in developed countries. According to the WHO, DR accounts for 5% of the world's 37 million blind people. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was highest in Africa, followed by North America and the Caribbean and South and Central America. Hyperglycemia can generate excessive ROS that activates multiple pathways, which can damage the cells. Oxidative stress and inflammatory process are intricate in the DR pathological mechanism. Bilobalide is the main bioactive compound isolated from the Ginkgo biloba, a plant utilized in folklore medicine. Bilobalide, a sesquiterpene trilactone, exhibits excellent antioxidant activity. But the molecular mechanisms associated with such effects, especially the antioxidant-related mechanism, have not been documented. Hence, this investigation explored whether bilobalide may attenuate DR in streptozotocin (STZ)-prompted diabetic rats. The effects of bilobalide on parameters of antioxidant content, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors in the retinal tissues were evaluated by ELISA, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry methods. Bilobalide improved caloric management by reducing food consumption and increasing body weight. Furthermore, the administration of bilobalide decreases the blood glucose level and glycosylated (HbA1c) hemoglobin. The anti-retinopathy activity of bilobalide was established by the increase in the total retina thickness (TRT), inner nuclear layer (INL), and outer nuclear layer (ONL) in diabetic rats. Additionally, the serum level of MDA was decreased. In contrast, the antioxidant enzyme (SOD and CAT) levels were increased with TAC plus lower Keap1 and higher Nrf2 expression in the retina when associated with the DM rats. Moreover, bilobalide increased the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression level and inflammatory mediators (NF-κβ p65, TNF-α, IL-1β, and VEGF), thus inhibiting oxidative stress. Bilobalide can be effective against DR, and the possible mechanism may be relatively elucidated by decreasing oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory activities. But the further investigation should be directed to expose the precise mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Donglei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Retinology, Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Rupak Roy
- SHRM Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd. Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Hu Q, Zuo T, Deng L, Chen S, Yu W, Liu S, Liu J, Wang X, Fan X, Dong Z. β-Caryophyllene suppresses ferroptosis induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion via activation of the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway in MCAO/R rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154112. [PMID: 35550220 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is a complex brain disease regulated by several cell death processes, including apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. β-Caryophyllene (BCP), a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene abundantly found in essential oils, has been demonstrated to have potential pharmacological benefits in many diseases, including ischemic stroke. PURPOSE This research was to determine the existence of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke and investigate whether BCP can inhibit ferroptosis to improve cerebral ischemia injury by activating the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway in rats. METHODS First, we verified ferroptosis by assessing proferroptotic changes after middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R), along with protein and lipid peroxidation levels. Then male rats were divided randomly into Sham, MCAO/R, ML385 (NRF2-specific inhibitor) and BCP groups. The effects of BCP on cerebral injury were detected by the modified neurological severity score, TTC staining, and hematoxylin-eosin staining. We conducted western blotting analyzes of proteins, including those involved in ferroptosis and related signaling pathways. To demonstrate the neuroprotective effect of BCP in vitro, primary astrocytes were pretreated with different concentrations of BCP (10, 20, and 40 μM) for 24 h before oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (ODG/R). RESULTS We concluded that ferroptosis was engaged in the process of I/R-induced neurological damage, implying that this novel type of cell death might provide new therapeutic options for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke. In vivo study proved that BCP improved neurological scores, infarct volume, and pathological features after MCAO/R. We demonstrated that BCP evidently enhanced NRF2 nuclear translocation, activated the NRF2/HO-1 pathway, which protected against ferroptosis. In vitro investigation revealed the same results. BCP decreased OGD/R-induced ROS generation and iron accumulation. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects of BCP were reversed by the NRF2 inhibitor ML385. CONCLUSION Our results indicated the critical role of ferroptosis in cerebral I/R injury. For the first time, we showed that the significant neuroprotective effects of BCP in attenuating ischemic stroke injury are correlated with ferroptosis regulation, and its mechanism is associated with activation of the NRF2/HO-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tianrui Zuo
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ling Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Sha Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wu Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shengwei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - JingDong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaomei Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Fu C, Wu Y, Liu S, Luo C, Lu Y, Liu M, Wang L, Zhang Y, Liu X. Rehmannioside A improves cognitive impairment and alleviates ferroptosis via activating PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 and SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway after ischemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115021. [PMID: 35091012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rehmannioside A is derived from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, which is widely used as an important ingredient in diverse traditional Chinese medicines to treat diseases caused by "kidney deficiency" such as cerebral arteriosclerosis, aging-related stroke and dementia in China. Recent studies have proved that Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch and Rehmannioside A can improve memory capability and recover nerve damage. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of Rehmannioside A on cognitive impairment after ischemia in rats and SH-SY5Y cells, and further evaluate the anti-oxidative and anti-ferroptosis mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in patients after cerebral ischemic stroke were revealed by a RayBio protein array. Cognitive impairment model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO) 14 days in rats. Rehmannioside A was administered intraperitoneally injection at dose of 80 mg/kg. The SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to H2O2 for 24 h and treated with Rehmannioside A (80 μM) for 24 h. The neuroprotecion of Rehmannioside A were evaluated by infarct volume (TTC), neurological defects (Garcia score) and learning memory (Morris water maze test) in vivo, and cell viability (CCK-8 or LDH) in vitro. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of rats, glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) of cells were detected by biochemical assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by DCFH-DA assay. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), PI3 kinase (PI3K), p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), SLC7A11, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) of the cerebral cortex in rats or SH-SY5Y cells were examined by western blotting. RESULTS Compared with model group, the cognitive impairment and neurological deficits of Rehmannioside A group were significantly improved, and the cerebral infarction was reduced in MCAO rats. Moreover, the cell viability obviously increased and the H2O2-induced toxicity was reduced in Rehmannioside A group. Further research indicated that the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, nuclear Nrf2, HO-1 and SLC7A11 in Rehmannioside A group was significantly higher than model group. CONCLUSION Rehmannioside A has neuroprotection effect and improves cognitive impairment after cerebral ischemia by inhibiting ferroptosis and activating PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 and SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway. These findings provide valuable insight into the pathogenesis and therapeutic target of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fu
- Central Laboratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
| | - Yifan Wu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shaojiao Liu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Chaoqin Luo
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yuqiao Lu
- Office of Academic Research, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
| | - Menghan Liu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lingfeng Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yunling Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China; Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Central Laboratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
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Younis NS. β-Caryophyllene Ameliorates Cyclophosphamide Induced Cardiac Injury: The Association of TLR4/NFκB and Nrf2/HO1/NQO1 Pathways. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9050133. [PMID: 35621844 PMCID: PMC9145742 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9050133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: β-caryophyllene (BCP), a natural sesquiterpene, is extensively present in the essential oils of several plants. Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is an anticancer drug. However, its clinical usage is inadequate due to its cardiotoxicity. The aim of this study was to study the effects of BCP on cardiac injury induced by CYC exposure, and to identify the underlying mechanism of action. Methods: Five groups of Wistar rats were allocated. Group I (Normal), II (BCP), and III (CYC) acted as controls. Group IV, V (CYC + BCP) received BCP in two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg, orally, respectively) for 14 days after CYC challenge. CYC groups received 200 mg/kg, i.p. of the drug once on the first day of experiments. Results: CYC group displayed numerous ECG and histological irregularities and cardiac markers elevation. CYC induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress intensification, as well as inflammatory and apoptotic markers escalation. Treatment with BCP resulted in modified ECG traces and histological sections. BCP mitigated cardiac markers and lipid peroxidation whereas intensified antioxidant capacity. BCP activated Nrf2, with subsequent HO1 and NQO1 amplification. BCP diminished TLR4/NFκB pathway, which consequently lessened the inflammatory and apoptosis responses. Conclusion: BCP administration was associated with activated Nrf2/HO1/NQO1 and inhibited TLR4/NFκB pathways with subsequent enhanced anti-oxidative capacity and diminished inflammatory and apoptosis responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy S Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Calcitriol ameliorates brain injury in the rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion through Nrf2/HO-1 signalling axis: An in silico and in vivo study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106331. [PMID: 35306470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Calcitriol has been revealed to exert neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke; however, its role and the underlying mechanisms in brain injury induced by ischemia are not well known. The purpose of this study was to determine the neuroprotective effects of calcitriol pretreatment and to assess the possible neuroprotective function of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signalling pathway against brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the rat models which was followed by a bioinformatics approach. METHODS The experimental I/R model induction was performed in male Wistar rats for 1 h followed by 23 h reperfusion. Calcitriol was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days prior to stroke. Following ischemia induction 24 h later, neurobehavioral deficits and infarction volume were examined. Oxidative stress was assessed by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The protein and mRNA expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 were determined by western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. A molecular docking approach was applied to identify the interaction value of Keap1 with calcitriol. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that calcitriol significantly decreased infarction volume and ameliorated neurological deficits in brain I/R. MDA and NO levels were decreased and TAC level was elevated significantly after calcitriol pretreatment. Furthermore, calcitriol upregulated the expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 protein and mRNA in ischemic brain. Molecular modelling demonstrated that calcitriol could interact with the pocket of Keap1 by an appropriate binding energy. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that calcitriol protects the brain against I/R injury. This effect may pass through inhibition of oxidative stress and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation and this may arise by interaction of Keap1 and calcitriol.
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Zhu X, Wu C. Down-Regulation of Long Non-Coding RNA AK139328 Reduces Cell Inflammation and Apoptosis in Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) refers to the phenomenon that the ischemic injury of brain leads to the injury of brain cells, and ischemic injury is further aggravated after the recovery of blood reperfusion. In this study, we first constructed Oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation
(OGD/R) injury model of PC12 cells, we found that the expression of LncRNA AK139328 in model cells was significantly increased through RT-qPCR. Subsequently, we interfered LncRNA AK139328 in model cells by plasmid transfection and found that interfering LncRNA AK139328 could significantly
reduce the expression of inflammatory factors, including TNF a, IL-1β, IL-6, McP-1, and oxidative stress-related factors, including ROS, MDA, LDH, while the expressions of SOD and GSHPx were significantly increased. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis, and apoptosisrelated
proteins bcl-2, Bax, cleaved-caspase3 and cleaved PARP-1 were detected by western blot. Results show that interfering LncRNA AK139328 could reduce the apoptosis rate of OGD/R cells and the expression of Bax, cleaved caspase3 and cleaved PARP-1, while increasing the expression of bcl-2. Meanwhile,
we found that after interfering LncRNA AK139328, the expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1 and phosphorylated-P65 increased, while P65 showed no significant changes. This may be related to Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. In a word, our study showed that interfering with LncRNA
AK139328 can reduce cell inflammation and apoptosis in CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Zhu
- Nursing Department, Xinyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinyi, Jiangsu, 221400, China
| | - Changzheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Lianyungang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, China
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Du M, Wu C, Yu R, Cheng Y, Tang Z, Wu B, Fu J, Tan W, Zhou Q, Zhu Z, Balawi E, Huang X, Ma J, Liao ZB. A novel circular RNA, circIgfbp2, links neural plasticity and anxiety through targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress-induced synapse dysfunction after traumatic brain injury. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4575-4589. [PMID: 35918398 PMCID: PMC9734054 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to different neurological and psychiatric disorders. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly expressed in the nervous system and enriched in synapses; yet, the underlying role and mechanisms of circRNAs in neurological impairment and dysfunction are still not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of circRNAs and their relation with neurological dysfunction after TBI. RNA-Seq was used to detect differentially expressed circRNAs in injured brain tissue, revealing that circIgfbp2 was significantly increased. Up-regulated hsa_circ_0058195, which was highly homologous to circIgfbp2, was further confirmed in the cerebral cortex specimens and serum samples of patients after TBI. Moreover, correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between hsa_circ_0058195 levels and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale scores in these subjects. Furthermore, knockdown of circIgfbp2 in mice relieved anxiety-like behaviors and sleep disturbances induced by TBI. Knockdown of circIgfbp2 in H2O2 treated HT22 cells alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, while its overexpression reversed the process. Mechanistically, we discovered that circIgfbp2 targets miR-370-3p to regulate BACH1, and down-regulating BACH1 alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress-induced synapse dysfunction. In conclusion, inhibition of circIgfbp2 alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress-induced synapse dysfunction after TBI through the miR-370-3p/BACH1/HO-1 axis. Thus, circIgfbp2 might be a novel therapeutic target for anxiety and sleep disorders after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Du
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Chenrui Wu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Zhaohua Tang
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Biying Wu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Jiayuanyuan Fu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Weilin Tan
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Ehab Balawi
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Xuekang Huang
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Jun Ma
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Z. B. Liao
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
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20
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Da Silveira AR, Rosa ÉVF, Sari MHM, Sampaio TB, Dos Santos JT, Jardim NS, Müller SG, Oliveira MS, Nogueira CW, Furian AF. Therapeutic potential of beta-caryophyllene against aflatoxin B1-Induced liver toxicity: biochemical and molecular insights in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 348:109635. [PMID: 34506763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin highly toxic and carcinogenic to humans due to its potential to induce oxidative stress. The Beta-caryophyllene (BCP) have been highlighted for its broad spectrum of pharmacological effects. The present study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of BCP against the susceptibility of hepatic and renal tissues to AFB1 toxicity, in biochemical parameters to assess organ function, tissue oxidation, and the immunocontent of oxidative and inflammatory proteins. Male Wistar rats was exposed to AFB1 (250 μg/kg, i.g.) and/or BCP (100 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 successive days. It was found that exposure to AFB1 did not change the measured renal toxicity parameters. Also, AFB1 increased liver injury biomarkers (gamma glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase) and reduced levels of non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses (ascorbic acid and non-protein thiol), however did not cause changes in the lipid peroxidation levels. Moreover, AFB1 interfered in oxidative pathway regulated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1)/nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), overacting Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity. Lastly, a main effect of AFB1 on the total interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) was observed. Remarkably, the associated treatment of AFB1 + BCP improved altered liver parameters. In addition, BCP and AFB1 + BCP groups showed an increase in the levels of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta (IKKβ). Thus, these results indicated that BCP has potential protective effect against AFB1 induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rosa Da Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Érica Vanessa Furlan Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Tuane Bazanella Sampaio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jamila Trindade Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Silva Jardim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Grendene Müller
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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21
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Farina M, Vieira LE, Buttari B, Profumo E, Saso L. The Nrf2 Pathway in Ischemic Stroke: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:5001. [PMID: 34443584 PMCID: PMC8399750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, characterized by the sudden loss of blood flow in specific area(s) of the brain, is the leading cause of permanent disability and is among the leading causes of death worldwide. The only approved pharmacological treatment for acute ischemic stroke (intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) has significant clinical limitations and does not consider the complex set of events taking place after the onset of ischemic stroke (ischemic cascade), which is characterized by significant pro-oxidative events. The transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates the expression of a great number of antioxidant and/or defense proteins, has been pointed as a potential pharmacological target involved in the mitigation of deleterious oxidative events taking place at the ischemic cascade. This review summarizes studies concerning the protective role of Nrf2 in experimental models of ischemic stroke, emphasizing molecular events resulting from ischemic stroke that are, in parallel, modulated by Nrf2. Considering the acute nature of ischemic stroke, we discuss the challenges in using a putative pharmacological strategy (Nrf2 activator) that relies upon transcription, translation and metabolically active cells in treating ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Farina
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil;
| | - Leonardo Eugênio Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil;
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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22
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Armeli F, Bonucci A, Maggi E, Pinto A, Businaro R. Mediterranean Diet and Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Neglected Role of Nutrition in the Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060790. [PMID: 34073983 PMCID: PMC8225112 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are a widespread cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, characterized by neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and neuronal depletion. The broad-spectrum neuroprotective activity of the Mediterranean diet is widely documented, but it is not yet known whether its nutritional and caloric balance can induce a modulation of the endocannabinoid system. In recent decades, many studies have shown how endocannabinoid tone enhancement may be a promising new therapeutic strategy to counteract the main hallmarks of neurodegeneration. From a phylogenetic point of view, the human co-evolution between the endocannabinoid system and dietary habits could play a key role in the pro-homeostatic activity of the Mediterranean lifestyle: this adaptive balance among our ancestors has been compromised by the modern Western diet, resulting in a “clinical endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome”. This review aims to evaluate the evidence accumulated in the literature on the neuroprotective, immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties of the Mediterranean diet related to the modulation of the endocannabinoid system, suggesting new prospects for research and clinical interventions against neurodegenerative diseases in light of a nutraceutical paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Armeli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, 79, 04100 Latina, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Alessio Bonucci
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, 79, 04100 Latina, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisa Maggi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, 79, 04100 Latina, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Alessandro Pinto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rita Businaro
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, 79, 04100 Latina, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Jha NK, Sharma C, Hashiesh HM, Arunachalam S, Meeran MN, Javed H, Patil CR, Goyal SN, Ojha S. β-Caryophyllene, A Natural Dietary CB2 Receptor Selective Cannabinoid can be a Candidate to Target the Trinity of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation in COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:590201. [PMID: 34054510 PMCID: PMC8163236 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.590201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an ongoing pandemic and presents a public health emergency. It has affected millions of people and continues to affect more, despite tremendous social preventive measures. Identifying candidate drugs for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 is crucial. The pathogenesis and the complications with advanced infection mainly involve an immune-inflammatory cascade. Therefore, therapeutic strategy relies on suppressing infectivity and inflammation, along with immune modulation. One of the most promising therapeutic targets for the modulation of immune-inflammatory responses is the endocannabinoid system, particularly the activation of cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2R), a G-protein coupled receptor which mediates the anti-inflammatory properties by modulating numerous signaling pathways. To pharmacologically activate the CB2 receptors, a naturally occurring cannabinoid ligand, beta-caryophyllene (BCP), received attention due to its potent anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. BCP is recognized as a full selective functional agonist on CB2 receptors and produces therapeutic effects by activating CB2 and the nuclear receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). BCP is regarded as the first dietary cannabinoid with abundant presence across cannabis and non-cannabis plants, including spices and other edible plants. BCP showed tissue protective properties and favorably modulates numerous signaling pathways and inhibits inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, prostanoids, and eicosanoids. Based on its pharmacological properties, molecular mechanisms, and the therapeutic potential of BCP as an immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, organ-protective, and antiviral, we hypothesize that BCP could be a promising therapeutic and/or preventive candidate to target the triad of infection, immunity, and inflammation in COVID-19. In line with numerous studies that proposed the potential of cannabinoids in COVID-19, BCP may be a novel candidate compound for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical development due to its unique functional receptor selectivity, wide availability and accessibility, dietary bioavailability, nonpsychoactivity, and negligible toxicity along with druggable properties, including favorable pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties. Based on reasonable pharmacological mechanisms and therapeutic properties, we speculate that BCP has potential to be investigated against COVID-19 and will inspire further preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hebaallah Mamdouh Hashiesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Seenipandi Arunachalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mf Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hayate Javed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandragouda R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Shri Vile Parle Kelvani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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24
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Ramírez A, Viveros JM. Brewing with
Cannabis sativa
vs.
Humulus lupulus
: a review. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Ramírez
- University Center for Exact Sciences and Engineering University of Guadalajara Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Olímpica Guadalajara Jalisco 44430 Mexico
| | - Juan M. Viveros
- University Center for Exact Sciences and Engineering University of Guadalajara Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Olímpica Guadalajara Jalisco 44430 Mexico
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25
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Ullah H, Di Minno A, Santarcangelo C, Khan H, Daglia M. Improvement of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction by β-Caryophyllene: A Focus on the Nervous System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040546. [PMID: 33915950 PMCID: PMC8066981 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction results in a series of defective cellular events, including decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) output, and altered proteastasis and cellular quality control. An enhanced output of ROS may damage mitochondrial components, such as mitochondrial DNA and elements of the electron transport chain, resulting in the loss of proper electrochemical gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane and an ensuing shutdown of mitochondrial energy production. Neurons have an increased demand for ATP and oxygen, and thus are more prone to damage induced by mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction, damaged electron transport chains, altered membrane permeability and Ca2+ homeostasis, and impaired mitochondrial defense systems induced by oxidative stress, are pathological changes involved in neurodegenerative disorders. A growing body of evidence suggests that the use of antioxidants could stabilize mitochondria and thus may be suitable for preventing neuronal loss. Numerous natural products exhibit the potential to counter oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction; however, science is still looking for a breakthrough in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. β-caryophyllene is a bicyclic sesquiterpene, and an active principle of essential oils derived from a large number of spices and food plants. As a selective cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonist, several studies have reported it as possessing numerous pharmacological activities such as antibacterial (e.g., Helicobacter pylori), antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic (e.g., neuropathic pain), anti-neurodegenerative and anticancer properties. The present review mainly focuses on the potential of β-caryophyllene in reducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, and its possible links with neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (A.D.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (A.D.M.); (C.S.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Santarcangelo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (A.D.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; or
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (A.D.M.); (C.S.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence:
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26
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Liu S, Liu J, Wang Y, Deng L, Chen S, Wang X, Zuo T, Hu Q, Rao J, Wang Q, Dong Z. Differentially expressed genes induced by β-caryophyllene in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2021; 273:119293. [PMID: 33705733 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies have shown that β-caryophyllene (BCP) improved neurological deficits of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) rats resulting from Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO). However, research on targets of BCP on CIRI has not been completed. In this study, the mRNA sequencing was used to distinguish various therapeutic multiple targets of BCP on CIRI. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from RNA-seq analysis. CIRI induced up-regulated genes (CIRI vs. Sham) and BCP -induced down-regulated genes (BCP vs CIRI) were identified. Significant DEGs were identified only that expressed in each of all samples. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of significant DEGs were determined by cluster Profiler. Protein interactive network (PPI) was analyzed using the String tool and Hub genes was identified by cytoHubba. Transcription factor (TF) regulatory network for the potential Hub genes was constructed. Western blot and ELISA were used to verified hub genes and relative inflammatory cytokines. After mRNA sequencing, a total of 411 DEGs were filtered based on the 2 series (CIRI vs. Sham and CIRI vs. BCP), with Pax1, Cxcl3 and Ccl20 are the most remarkable ones reversed by BCP. GO analysis was represented by DEGs involved in multiple biological process such as extra-cellular matrix organization, leukocyte migration, regulation of angiogenesis, reactive oxygen species metabolic process, etc. KEGG analysis showed that DEGs participated several signaling pathways including MAPK signaling pathway (rno04010), Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (rno04060), JAK-STAT signaling pathway (rno04630), and others. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network consisted of 339 nodes and 1945 connections, and top ten Hub genes were identified by cytoHubba such as TIMP1, MMP-9, and STAT3. Subsequently, a TFs-miRNAs-targets regulatory network was established, involving 6 TFs, 5 miRNAs, and 10 hub genes, consisting of several regulated models such as Brd4 - rno-let-7e - Mmp9, Brd4 - rno-let-7i - Stat3, and Hnf4a- rno-let-7b -Timp1. Finally, western blot demonstrated that BCP could inhibit the increased TIMP1, MMP-9 and STAT3 expression in rat brains after I/R. ELISA represented that BCP could suppress inflammatory cytokines caused by CIRI and present anti-oxidative property. In conclusion, this study shows that the intervention of BCP can significantly reduce neurologic deficit, improve the cerebral ischemia, and a total of ten hub genes were found closely related to the treatment of BCP on CIRI. Prudent experimental validation suggests that the BCP might have the neuro-protective effects in CIRI by decreasing the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1, STAT3. In a sense, this study reveals that the MMP-9/TIMP-1 signaling pathway may be involved in the injury after CIRI and thus provides a new treatment strategy as well as a researching method for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Pharmacy, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Jingdong Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuchun Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Sha Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tianrui Zuo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qingwen Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiangyan Rao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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27
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Chen S, Wang Y, Wang X, He M, Zhang L, Dong Z. PKA-Dependent Membrane Surface Recruitment of CI-AMPARs Is Crucial for BCP-Mediated Protection Against Post-acute Ischemic Stroke Cognitive Impairment. Front Neurol 2020; 11:566067. [PMID: 33391143 PMCID: PMC7772322 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.566067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-acute ischemic stroke cognitive impairment frequently occurs and seriously affects patients daily activities. Recruitment of GluA2-containing Ca2+-impermeable AMPA receptors (CI-AMPARs) to hippocampal synaptic membrane surfaces was shown to trigger synaptic plasticity. Currently, the effect of CI-AMPAR trafficking on acute ischemic stroke remains poorly understood. β-Caryophyllene (BCP) has been shown to ameliorate cognitive impairment. However, the mechanism has not been characterized. In this study, a 60-min temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established to simulate the pathology of acute ischemic stroke. BCP reduced neurologic deficits, cerebral infarct volume, and pathological damage in MCAO mice and caused CI-AMPARs to translocate to synaptic membranes in the hippocampus; surface expression of CI-AMPARs was also decreased in MCAO mice. Furthermore, this study also showed that BCP treatment significantly activated the cAMP/PKA pathway, which is consistent with the synaptic membrane expression of CI-AMPARs. To better understand the underlying mechanisms, the PKA inhibitor H-89 was used to study the role of BCP in MCAO mice. Interestingly, H-89 treatment significantly disrupted the BCP-mediated facilitation of CI-AMPAR translocation to the synaptic membrane surface and substantially attenuated BCP-induced protection against acute ischemic stroke. Additionally, inhibition the cAMP/PKA pathway not only reduced BCP-induced inhibition of AMPAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents in the hippocampal CA1 region but also decreased the effect of BCP-mediated protection against post-acute ischemic stroke cognitive impairment. Taken together, these data indicate that PKA-dependent synaptic membrane surface recruitment of CI-AMPARs is crucial for the neuroprotective effect of BCP against acute ischemic stroke and protection against post-acute ischemic stroke cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Research Institute of Surgery Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Meng He
- Laboratory Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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28
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Antonelli M, Donelli D, Barbieri G, Valussi M, Maggini V, Firenzuoli F. Forest Volatile Organic Compounds and Their Effects on Human Health: A State-of-the-Art Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186506. [PMID: 32906736 PMCID: PMC7559006 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research work is to analyze the chemistry and diversity of forest VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and to outline their evidence-based effects on health. This research work was designed as a narrative overview of the scientific literature. Inhaling forest VOCs like limonene and pinene can result in useful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on the airways, and the pharmacological activity of some terpenes absorbed through inhalation may be also beneficial to promote brain functions by decreasing mental fatigue, inducing relaxation, and improving cognitive performance and mood. The tree composition can markedly influence the concentration of specific VOCs in the forest air, which also exhibits cyclic diurnal variations. Moreover, beneficial psychological and physiological effects of visiting a forest cannot be solely attributed to VOC inhalation but are due to a global and integrated stimulation of the five senses, induced by all specific characteristics of the natural environment, with the visual component probably playing a fundamental role in the overall effect. Globally, these findings can have useful implications for individual wellbeing, public health, and landscape design. Further clinical and environmental studies are advised, since the majority of the existing evidence is derived from laboratory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Antonelli
- Terme di Monticelli, 43022 Monticelli Terme PR, Italy
- Institute of Public Health, University of Parma, 43125 Parma PR, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Davide Donelli
- CERFIT, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Firenze FI, Italy; (D.D.); (V.M.); (F.F.)
- AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia RE, Italy
| | - Grazia Barbieri
- Binini Partners S.r.l. Engineering and Architecture, 42121 Reggio Emilia RE, Italy;
| | - Marco Valussi
- European Herbal and Traditional Medicine Practitioners Association (EHTPA), Norwich NR3 1HG, UK;
| | - Valentina Maggini
- CERFIT, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Firenze FI, Italy; (D.D.); (V.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Fabio Firenzuoli
- CERFIT, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Firenze FI, Italy; (D.D.); (V.M.); (F.F.)
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Proshkina E, Plyusnin S, Babak T, Lashmanova E, Maganova F, Koval L, Platonova E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Terpenoids as Potential Geroprotectors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060529. [PMID: 32560451 PMCID: PMC7346221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes and terpenoids are the largest groups of plant secondary metabolites. However, unlike polyphenols, they are rarely associated with geroprotective properties. Here we evaluated the conformity of the biological effects of terpenoids with the criteria of geroprotectors, including primary criteria (lifespan-extending effects in model organisms, improvement of aging biomarkers, low toxicity, minimal adverse effects, improvement of the quality of life) and secondary criteria (evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of action, reproducibility of the effects on different models, prevention of age-associated diseases, increasing of stress-resistance). The number of substances that demonstrate the greatest compliance with both primary and secondary criteria of geroprotectors were found among different classes of terpenoids. Thus, terpenoids are an underestimated source of potential geroprotectors that can effectively influence the mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Sergey Plyusnin
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Tatyana Babak
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Ekaterina Lashmanova
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Liubov Koval
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Elena Platonova
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-8212-312-894
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30
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Wang F, Teng Z, Liu D, Wang Y, Lou J, Dong Z. β-Caryophyllene Liposomes Attenuate Neurovascular Unit Damage After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1758-1768. [PMID: 32444923 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to prepare β-caryophyllene loaded liposomes (BCP-LP) and investigated their effects on neurovascular unit (NVU) damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. A blood injection into the pre-chiasmatic cistern was used to achieve SAH. BCP-LP were prepared, characterized and administrated to rats with SAH. The prepared BCP-LP were spherical with a size distribution of approximately 189.3 nm and Zeta potential of - 13.9 mV. Neurological scoring, the balance beam test, cerebral blood flow monitoring, brain edema and biochemical analyses were applied to evaluate the effects of BCP-LP on rat NVU damage after SAH. The results demonstrated that BCP-LP treatment improved neurological function disorder, balance ability and cerebral blood perfusion in rats. Brain edema detection and blood-brain barrier permeability detection revealed that BCP-LP could reduce brain edema and promote repairment of blood-brain barrier after SAH. Using the western blot experiments, we demonstrated that BCP-LP attenuated the loss of tight junction proteins Occludin and Zonula occludens-1, inhibit the high expression of VEGFR-2 and GFAP, and promote the repair of laminin. These results demonstrate the protective effect BCP-LP exert in the NVU after SAH in rats, and supports the use of BCP-LP for future study and therapy of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, District of Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Teng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, People's Republic of China
| | - Daohang Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, District of Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchun Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, District of Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lou
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, District of Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Li H, Wang D, Chen Y, Yang M. β-Caryophyllene inhibits high glucose-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation in mesangial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106556. [PMID: 32416450 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a bicyclic sesquiterpene compound that has anti-diabetic activity. However, the effect of BCP on diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unclear. Here, we aimed to evaluate the potential role of BCP in high glucose (HG)-induced glomerular mesangial cells (MCs). MCs were maintained under HG condition to simulate DN in vitro. Our results showed that BCP inhibited HG-induced cell proliferation, ROS production and NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2/4 expression. BCP exhibited anti-inflammatory activity with decreased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in HG-induced MCs. Moreover, BCP treatment suppressed the HG-induced secretion of fibronectin (FN) and collagen IV (Col IV) in MCs. Furthermore, BCP suppressed the NF-κB activation and enhanced the Nrf2 activation in HG-induced MCs. However, inhibition of Nrf2 attenuated the protective effects of BCP on HG-induced MCs, while inhibition of NF-κB enhanced the nephro-protective effects of BCP on MCs. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that BCP executed protective effects on HG-induced MCs via regulating NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Defen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Minsheng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China.
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32
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Chávez-Hurtado P, González-Castañeda RE, Beas-Zarate C, Flores-Soto ME, Viveros-Paredes JM. Response to Chen et al. re: " β-Caryophyllene Reduces DNA Oxidation and the Overexpression of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus of d-Galactose-Induced Aged BALB/c Mice". J Med Food 2020; 23:687-688. [PMID: 32343912 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Chávez-Hurtado
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering (CUCEI), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - R E González-Castañeda
- Laboratory of High-Resolution Microscopy, Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - C Beas-Zarate
- Laboratory of Development and Neural Regeneration, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - M E Flores-Soto
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - J M Viveros-Paredes
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering (CUCEI), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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33
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Therapeutic Potential of Volatile Terpenes and Terpenoids from Forests for Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062187. [PMID: 32235725 PMCID: PMC7139849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Forest trees are a major source of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Terpenes and terpenoids are known as the main BVOCs of forest aerosols. These compounds have been shown to display a broad range of biological activities in various human disease models, thus implying that forest aerosols containing these compounds may be related to beneficial effects of forest bathing. In this review, we surveyed studies analyzing BVOCs and selected the most abundant 23 terpenes and terpenoids emitted in forested areas of the Northern Hemisphere, which were reported to display anti-inflammatory activities. We categorized anti-inflammatory processes related to the functions of these compounds into six groups and summarized their molecular mechanisms of action. Finally, among the major 23 compounds, we examined the therapeutic potentials of 12 compounds known to be effective against respiratory inflammation, atopic dermatitis, arthritis, and neuroinflammation among various inflammatory diseases. In conclusion, the updated studies support the beneficial effects of forest aerosols and propose their potential use as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents for treating various inflammatory diseases.
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34
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Li F, Liang J, Tong H, Zhu S, Tang D. Inhibition of microRNA-199a-5p ameliorates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in HT22 neurons by targeting Brg1 to activate Nrf2/HO-1 signalling. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1020-1029. [PMID: 31990992 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of neuronal survival during cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Accumulating evidence has shown that miR-199a-5p plays a crucial role in regulating apoptosis and survival in various cell types. However, whether miR-199a is involved in regulating neuronal survival during cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the biological role of miR-199a-5p in regulating neuronal injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R), an in vitro cellular model of cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion injury. We found that miR-199a-5p expression was significantly altered in neurons in response to OGD/R treatment. Overexpression of miR-199a-5p facilitated OGD/R-induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, whereas miR-199a-5p inhibition alleviated OGD/R-induced apoptosis and ROS production. Notably, our results identified Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1) as a target gene of miR-199a-5p. Moreover, inhibition of miR-199a-5p promoted the activation of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signalling via targeting Brg1. However, silencing of Brg1 markedly reversed the miR-199a-5p inhibition-mediated neuroprotective effect. Taken together, our results suggest that downregulation of miR-199a-5p protects neurons from OGD/R-induced neuronal injury through upregulating Brg1 to activate Nrf2/HO-1 signalling. The miR-199a-5p/Brg1/Nrf2/HO-1 regulation axis may play an important role in regulating neuronal survival during cerebral ischaemic/reperfusion injury in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Anesthesiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Radiotherapy Department, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Tong
- Anesthesiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- Anesthesiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongfang Tang
- Neurosurgery Department, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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35
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Chávez-Hurtado P, González-Castañeda RE, Beas-Zarate C, Flores-Soto ME, Viveros-Paredes JM. β-Caryophyllene Reduces DNA Oxidation and the Overexpression of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus of d-Galactose-Induced Aged BALB/c Mice. J Med Food 2019; 23:515-522. [PMID: 31663807 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with detrimental cellular and cognitive changes, making it an important public health concern; yet, many of these changes may be influenced by nutritional interventions. The natural sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene (BCP) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that are mediated by cannabinoid type-2 receptor activation, and these actions promote neuroprotection in different animal models that involve a cognitive damage. Consequently, whether chronic administration of BCP might prevent the age-related cellular and cognitive damage in a model of aging induced by chronic d-galactose (GAL) consumption was assessed here. Male BALB/c mice were administered BCP (10 mg/kg, oral), GAL (300 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), or GAL+BCP, and long-term memory and cognitive flexibility were evaluated in the normal and the reverse phases of Morris water maze test. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed on prefrontal and hippocampal brain slices to detect glial acidic fibrillary protein and DNA oxidation. Although GAL administration reduced cognitive flexibility (P = .0308), this functional damage was not reversed by administering BCP. However, GAL administration also elevated the total number of astrocytes and their interactions in the hippocampus, and increasing DNA oxidation in the prefrontal cortex. BCP administration impeded the rise in the total number of astrocytes (P = .0286) and the DNA oxidation (P = .0286) in mice that received GAL. Hence, although BCP did not improve cognitive flexibility, it did produce a neuroprotective effect at the molecular and cellular level in the GAL model of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Chávez-Hurtado
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering (CUCEI), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Rocío E González-Castañeda
- Laboratory of High-Resolution Microscopy, Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Laboratory of Development and Neural Regeneration, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Mario E Flores-Soto
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Juan M Viveros-Paredes
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering (CUCEI), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Li X, Huo C, Xiao Y, Xu R, Liu Y, Jia X, Wang X. Bisdemethoxycurcumin Protection of Cardiomyocyte Mainly Depends on Nrf2/HO-1 Activation Mediated by the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1871-1879. [PMID: 31402651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Cong Huo
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an 710054, P.R. China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jia
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
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37
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Zhang D, Li M. Puerarin prevents cataract development and progression in diabetic rats through Nrf2/HO‑1 signaling. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1017-1024. [PMID: 31173182 PMCID: PMC6625395 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin is the major bioactive ingredient isolated from the dry root of Pueraria lobata, a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine. Puerarin has been used to treat diabetes and cataracts in China; however, its underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness and mechanism of puerarin in preventing cataracts in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozocin (STZ) administration and rats were intraperitoneally injected with puerarin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg). Blood glucose levels and cataract development were examined in the different experimental groups. In addition, the expression levels of markers associated with oxidative stress, including nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1), were analyzed. The present results suggested that treatment with puerarin at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly reduced blood glucose levels and the incidence of cataract in STZ‑induced diabetic rats. Additionally, puerarin treatment reduced oxidative stress, restoring the levels of malondialdehyde and glutathione, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, puerarin administration decreased the expression levels of retinal vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin‑1β and increased the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 and HO‑1, thus inhibiting oxidative stress. The present findings suggested that puerarin had hypoglycemic effects and that it prevented cataract development and progression in diabetic rats by reducing oxidative stress through the Nrf2/HO‑1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duzhen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
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38
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Ma T, Shi YL, Wang YL. Forsythiaside A protects against focal cerebral ischemic injury by mediating the activation of the Nrf2 and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1313-1320. [PMID: 31173213 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a common type of stroke with a high mortality and morbidity rate. Preventing and controlling cerebral ischemic injury is particularly important. Forsythiaside A (FA) has been reported to have anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of FA on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)‑induced cerebral ischemic injury in rats. The results indicated that FA markedly increased the percent survival and decreased the neurological deficit score in rats with cerebral ischemic injury. Furthermore, cell apoptosis was significantly inhibited by FA administration, which was accompanied by decreased caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 expression. A marked increase in the expression levels of nuclear factor‑erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 and glutathione‑s‑transferase was detected in FA‑treated rats. In addition, treatment with FA reduced malonaldehyde expression, and enhanced the expression of superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was vastly alleviated by FA treatment, as evidenced by the increased expression of B‑cell lymphoma 2, apoptosis regulator and the downregulated expression of phosphorylated (phospho)‑protein kinase RNA‑like ER kinase (PERK)/PERK, phospho‑inositol‑requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α)/IRE1α and CCAAT‑enhancer‑binding proteins homologous protein. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that FA attenuated cerebral ischemic damage via mediation of the activation of Nrf2 and ER stress pathways. These data may provide ideas for novel treatment strategies of cerebral ischemic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- Department of Neurology, Xintai Municipal People's Hospital, Xintai, Shandong 271200, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ling Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
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39
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Younis NS, Mohamed ME. β-Caryophyllene as a Potential Protective Agent Against Myocardial Injury: The Role of Toll-Like Receptors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101929. [PMID: 31109132 PMCID: PMC6572120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the major causes of mortality around the world. A possible mechanism involved in myocardial infarction is the engagement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). This study was intended to discover the prospective cardioprotective actions of β-caryophyllene, a natural sesquiterpene, to ameliorate isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction through HSP-60/TLR/MyD88/NFκB pathway. β-Caryophyllene (100 or 200 mg/kg/day orally) was administered for 21 days then MI was induced via ISO (85 mg/kg, subcutaneous) on 20th and 21st days. The results indicated that ISO induced a significant infarcted area associated with several alterations in the electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure (BP) indices and caused an increase in numerous cardiac indicators such as creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatine kinase-myocardial bound (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cardiac tropinine T (cTnT). In addition, ISO significantly amplified heat shock protein 60 (HSP-60) and other inflammatory markers, such as TNF-α, IL-Iβ, and NFκB, and affected TLR2 and TLR4 expression and their adaptor proteins; Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88), and TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF). On the other hand, consumption of β-caryophyllene significantly reversed the infarcted size, ECG and BP alterations, ameliorated the ISO elevation in cardiac indicators; it also notably diminished HSP-60, and subsequently TLR2, TLR4, MYD88, and TRIF expression, with a substantial reduction in inflammatory mediator levels. This study revealed the cardioprotective effect of β-caryophyllene against MI through inhibiting HSP-60/TLR/MyD88/NFκB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy S Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, 31982 Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmacology, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Maged E Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, 31982 Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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40
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Liu L, Locascio LM, Doré S. Critical Role of Nrf2 in Experimental Ischemic Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:153. [PMID: 30890934 PMCID: PMC6411824 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability worldwide; however, effective clinical approaches are still limited. The transcriptional factor Nrf2 is a master regulator in cellular and organismal defense against endogenous and exogenous stressors by coordinating basal and stress-inducible activation of multiple cytoprotective genes. The Nrf2 network not only tightly controls redox homeostasis but also regulates multiple intermediary metabolic processes. Therefore, targeting Nrf2 has emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of CNS diseases including stroke. Here, the current understanding of the Nrf2 regulatory network is critically examined to present evidence for the contribution of Nrf2 pathway in rodent ischemic stroke models. This review outlines the literature for Nrf2 studies in preclinical stroke and focuses on the in vivo evidence for the role of Nrf2 in primary and secondary brain injuries. The dynamic change and functional importance of Nrf2 signaling, as well as Nrf2 targeted intervention, are revealed in permanent, transient, and global cerebral ischemia models. In addition, key considerations, pitfalls, and future potentials for Nrf2 studies in preclinical stroke investigation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Logan M Locascio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Pharmaceutics, and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Wu C, Li T, Zhu B, Zhu R, Zhang Y, Xing F, Chen Y. Scoparone protects neuronal cells from oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2302-2308. [PMID: 35516145 PMCID: PMC9059896 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09867k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. The cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is considered as the major molecular mechanism in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Scoparone, a major constituent of Artemisia capillaries, has been found to exhibit protective effects against I/R-induced myocardial injury. However, the role of scoparone in cerebral I/R injury has not been elucidated. In the current study, the hippocampal neurons were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) to simulate I/R injury in vitro. The results showed that scoparone improved OGD/R-induced inhibitory effect on cell viability of hippocampal neurons. Scoparone displayed anti-oxidative activity as proved by the decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in OGD/R-induced hippocampal neurons. In addition, cell apoptosis was markedly decreased after scoparone treatment in OGD/R-induced hippocampal neurons. The expression of bax was significantly decreased, while bcl-2 expression was increased in the scoparone pretreated hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, the expressions of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were obviously induced by scoparone. Knockdown of Nrf2 by siRNA transfection dramatically attenuated the protective effects of scoparone on OGD/R-induced hippocampal neurons. Collectively, scoparone protected hippocampal neurons from OGD/R-induced injury via activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, suggesting that scoparone might be a potential agent for the ischemic stroke therapy. Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Wu
- Department of Neurology
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng 475000
- China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Neurology
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng 475000
- China
| | - Baihui Zhu
- Department of Neurology
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng 475000
- China
| | - Ruiming Zhu
- Department of Neurology
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng 475000
- China
| | - Youran Zhang
- Department of Neurology
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng 475000
- China
| | - Fanglan Xing
- Department of Neurology
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng 475000
- China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurology
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng 475000
- China
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42
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Machado KDC, Islam MT, Ali ES, Rouf R, Uddin SJ, Dev S, Shilpi JA, Shill MC, Reza HM, Das AK, Shaw S, Mubarak MS, Mishra SK, Melo-Cavalcante AADC. A systematic review on the neuroprotective perspectives of beta-caryophyllene. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2376-2388. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keylla da Conceição Machado
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences; Federal University of Piauí; Teresina Brazil
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development; Ton Duc Thang University; Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Ton Duc Thang University; Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Eunüs S. Ali
- Department of Product Development; Gaco Pharmaceuticals Limited; Dhaka Bangladesh
- Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health; Bedford Park 5042 Adelaide Australia
| | - Razina Rouf
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty; Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University; Gopalganj Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School; Khulna University; Khulna Bangladesh
| | - Shrabanti Dev
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School; Khulna University; Khulna Bangladesh
| | - Jamil A. Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School; Khulna University; Khulna Bangladesh
| | - Manik Chandra Shill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; North South University; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; North South University; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Asish Kumar Das
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School; Khulna University; Khulna Bangladesh
| | - Subrata Shaw
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; 415 Main Street Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | | | - Siddhartha Kumar Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (Zoology); Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University; Sagar India
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(-)-α-bisabolol prevents neuronal damage and memory deficits through reduction of proinflammatory markers induced by permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 842:270-280. [PMID: 30287152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of ischemic stroke involves multiple events such as inflammation and oxidative stress which will lead to neuronal death and cognitive deficits. The (-)-α-bisabolol is a monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol found in various plants and mainly in Matricaria chamomilla, which exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. The aim of this work was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of (-)-α-bisabolol in mice underwent permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (pMCAO). Animals were treated with (-)-α-bisabolol (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day, orally) or vehicle (3% tween 80) one day before and 1 h after pMCAO and the treatment continued once daily for the following five days. The treatment with (-)-α-bisabolol (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the infarcted area and neurological deficits caused by pMCAO. (-)-α-bisabolol at the 200 mg/kg dose increased cell viability and decreased neuronal degeneration, as evaluated by cresyl violet and Fluoro-Jade C stainings, respectively. (-)-α-bisabolol also increased the locomotor activity which was reduced by cerebral ischemia and improved pMCAO-induced working, spatial, object recognition, and aversive memories deficits. (-)-α-bisabolol (200 mg/kg) significantly prevented the increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, TNF-α immunoreactivity in the temporal cortex, and the increase of iNOS both in the temporal cortex and in the striatum. (-)-α-bisabolol treatment also prevented astrogliosis in these areas. These data showed that (-)-α-bisabolol provides neuroprotective action probably due to its anti-inflammatory activity, although other mechanisms cannot be discarded.
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Ames‐Sibin AP, Barizão CL, Castro‐Ghizoni CV, Silva FMS, Sá‐Nakanishi AB, Bracht L, Bersani‐Amado CA, Marçal‐Natali MR, Bracht A, Comar JF. β‐Caryophyllene, the major constituent of copaiba oil, reduces systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in arthritic rats. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:10262-10277. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Ames‐Sibin
- Department of Biochemistry State University of Maringá Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | - Camila L. Barizão
- Department of Biochemistry State University of Maringá Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | | | - Francielli M. S. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics State University of Maringá Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | | | - Lívia Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry State University of Maringá Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | - Ciomar A. Bersani‐Amado
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics State University of Maringá Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | | | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry State University of Maringá Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | - Jurandir F. Comar
- Department of Biochemistry State University of Maringá Maringá Paraná Brazil
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45
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Li QQ, Li LJ, Wang XY, Sun YY, Wu J. Research Progress in Understanding the Relationship Between Heme Oxygenase-1 and Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Neurol 2018; 9:682. [PMID: 30177908 PMCID: PMC6109777 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a fatal acute cerebrovascular disease, with a high morbidity and mortality. Following ICH, erythrocytes release heme and several of its metabolites, thereby contributing to brain edema and secondary brain damage. Heme oxygenase is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme of heme catabolism, and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is rapidly induced following acute brain injury. As HO-1 exerts it effects via various metabolites, its role during ICH remains complex. Therefore, in-depth studies regarding the role of HO-1 in secondary brain damage following ICH may provide a theoretical basis for neuroprotective function after ICH. The present review aims to summarize recent key studies regarding the effects of HO-1 following ICH, as well as its influence on ICH prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lan-Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ying Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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46
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Effect of Free and Nanoencapsulated Copaiba Oil on Monocrotaline-induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2017; 69:79-85. [PMID: 27798416 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Copaiba oil comes from an Amazonian tree and has been used as an alternative medicine in Brazil. However, it has not been investigated yet in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This study was designed to test whether copaiba oil or nanocapsules containing this oil could modulate monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Male Wistar rats (170 ± 20 g) received oil or nanocapsules containing this oil (400 mg/kg) by gavage daily for 1 week. At the end of this period, a single injection of MCT (60 mg/kg i.p.) was administered and measurements were performed after 3 weeks. The animals were divided into 6 groups: control, copaiba oil, nanocapsules with copaiba oil, MCT, oil + MCT, and nanocapsules + MCT. Afterward, echocardiographic assessments were performed, and rats were killed to collect hearts for morphometry and oxidative stress. MCT promoted a significant increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricle (RV) hypertrophy, and RV oxidative stress. Both oil and copaiba nanocapsules significantly reduced RV hypertrophy and oxidative stress. Pulmonary vascular resistance was reduced by copaiba oil in natura but not by nanocapsules. In conclusion, copaiba oil seems to offer protection against MCT-induced PAH. Our preliminary results suggest that copaiba oil may be an important adjuvant treatment for PAH.
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Yang M, Lv Y, Tian X, Lou J, An R, Zhang Q, Li M, Xu L, Dong Z. Neuroprotective Effect of β-Caryophyllene on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Regulation of Necroptotic Neuronal Death and Inflammation: In Vivo and in Vitro. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:583. [PMID: 29123466 PMCID: PMC5662640 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotic cell death is a hallmark feature of ischemic stroke and it may facilitate inflammation by releasing intracellular components after cell-membrane rupture. Previous studies reported that β-caryophyllene (BCP) mitigates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We explored whether BCP exerts a neuroprotective effect in cerebral I/R injury through inhibiting necroptotic cell death and inflammation. Primary neurons with and without BCP (0.2, 1, 5, 25 μM) treatment were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and re-oxygenation (OGD/R). Neuron damage, neuronal death type and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein expression were assessed 48 h after OGD/R. Furthermore, mice underwent I/R procedures with or without BCP (8, 24, 72 mg/kg, ip.). Neurologic dysfunction, cerebral infarct volumes, cell death, cytokine levels, necroptosis core molecules, and HMGB1-TLR4 signaling were determined at 48 h after I/R. BCP (5 μM) significantly reduced necroptotic neurons and MLKL protein expression following OGD/R. BCP (24, 72 mg/kg, ip.) reduced infarct volumes, neuronal necrosis, receptor-interaction protein kinase-1 (RIPK1), receptor-interaction protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) expression, and MLKL phosphorylation after I/R injury. BCP also decreased high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. Thus, BCP alleviates ischemic brain damage potentially by inhibiting necroptotic neuronal death and inflammatory response. This study suggests a novel application for BCP as a neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongjiu Lv
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaocui Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruidi An
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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48
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Schreihofer DA, Oppong-Gyebi A. Genistein: mechanisms of action for a pleiotropic neuroprotective agent in stroke. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:375-391. [PMID: 29063799 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1391933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Genistein is a plant estrogen promoted as an alternative to post-menopausal hormone therapy because of a good safety profile and its promotion as a natural product. Several preclinical studies of cerebral ischemia and other models of brain injury support a beneficial role for genistein in protecting the brain from injury whether administered chronically or acutely. Like estrogen, genistein is a pleiotropic molecule that engages several different mechanisms to enhance brain health, including reduction of oxidative stress, promotion of growth factor signaling, and immune suppression. These actions occur in endothelial, glial, and neuronal cells to provide a coordinated beneficial action to ischemic challenge. Though many of these protective actions are associated with estrogen-like actions of genistein, additional activities on other receptors and intracellular targets suggest that genistein is more than a mere estrogen-mimic. Importantly, genistein lacks some of the detrimental effects associated with post-menopausal estrogen treatment and may provide an alternative to hormone therapy in those patients at risk for ischemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Schreihofer
- a Center for Neuroscience Discovery and Institute for Healthy Aging , University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth , 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth , TX 76107 , USA
| | - Anthony Oppong-Gyebi
- a Center for Neuroscience Discovery and Institute for Healthy Aging , University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth , 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth , TX 76107 , USA
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49
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Huang X, Gao Y, Qin J, Lu S. The mechanism of long non-coding RNA MEG3 for hepatic ischemia-reperfusion: Mediated by miR-34a/Nrf2 signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1163-1172. [PMID: 28708282 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the function of MEG3 in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (HIR) progress, involving its association with the level of miR-34a during hypoxia-induced hypoxia re-oxygenation (H/R) in vitro. HIR mice model in vivo was established. MEG3, miR-34a expression, along with Nrf2 mRNA and protein level were detected in tissues and cells. Serum biochemical parameters (ALT and AST) were assessed in vivo. A potential binding region between MEG3 and miR34a was confirmed by luciferase assays. Hepatic cells HL7702 were subjected to hypoxia treatment in vitro for functional studies, including TUNEL-positive cells detection and ROS analysis. MEG3, Nrf2 expression was significantly down-regulated in infarction lesion from HIR mice, as opposed to increased miR-34a production, while similar results were also observed in H/R HL7702 cells, while the above effects were reversed by MEG3 over-expression. By using bioinformatics study and RNA pull down combined with luciferase assays, we demonstrated that MEG3 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-34a, and there was reciprocal repression between MEG3 and miR-34a in an Argonaute 2-dependent manner. Functional studies demonstrated that MEG3 showed positive regulation on TUNEL-positive cells and ROS level. Further in vivo study confirmed that MEG3 over-expression could improve hepatic function of HIR mice, and markedly decreased the expression of serum ALT and AST. MEG3 protected hepatocytes from HIR injury through down-regulating miR-34a expression, which could add our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in HIR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Huang
- Center of Liver Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Center of Liver Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjie Qin
- Center of Liver Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sen Lu
- Center of Liver Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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50
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Ghosh A, Gao L, Thakur A, Siu PM, Lai CWK. Role of free fatty acids in endothelial dysfunction. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:50. [PMID: 28750629 PMCID: PMC5530532 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma free fatty acids levels are increased in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes, playing detrimental roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Increasing evidence showing that dysfunction of the vascular endothelium, the inner lining of the blood vessels, is the key player in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this review, we aimed to summarize the roles and the underlying mechanisms using the evidence collected from clinical and experimental studies about free fatty acid-mediated endothelial dysfunction. Because of the multifaceted roles of plasma free fatty acids in mediating endothelial dysfunction, elevated free fatty acid level is now considered as an important link in the onset of endothelial dysfunction due to metabolic syndromes such as diabetes and obesity. Free fatty acid-mediated endothelial dysfunction involves several mechanisms including impaired insulin signaling and nitric oxide production, oxidative stress, inflammation and the activation of the renin-angiotensin system and apoptosis in the endothelial cells. Therefore, targeting the signaling pathways involved in free fatty acid-induced endothelial dysfunction could serve as a preventive approach to protect against the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction and the subsequent complications such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Ghosh
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Parco M. Siu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China
| | - Christopher W. K. Lai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China
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