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Alonso M, Barcia E, González JF, Montejo C, García-García L, Villa-Hermosilla MC, Negro S, Fraguas-Sánchez AI, Fernández-Carballido A. Functionalization of Morin-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles with Phenylalanine Dipeptide Targeting the Brain. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112348. [PMID: 36365169 PMCID: PMC9696360 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, with its incidence constantly increasing. To date, there is no cure for the disease, with a need for new and effective treatments. Morin hydrate (MH) is a naturally occurring flavonoid of the Moraceae family with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) prevents this flavonoid from reaching the CNS when aiming to potentially treat AD. Seeking to use the LAT-1 transporter present in the BBB, a nanoparticle (NPs) formulation loaded with MH and functionalized with phenylalanine-phenylalanine dipeptide was developed (NPphe-MH) and compared to non-functionalized NPs (NP-MH). In addition, two formulations were prepared using rhodamine B (Rh-B) as a fluorescent dye (NPphe-Rh and NP-Rh) to study their biodistribution and ability to cross the BBB. Functionalization of PLGA NPs resulted in high encapsulation efficiencies for both MH and Rh-B. Studies conducted in Wistar rats showed that the presence of phenylalanine dipeptide in the NPs modified their biodistribution profiles, making them more attractive for both liver and lungs, whereas non-functionalized NPs were predominantly distributed to the spleen. Formulation NPphe-Rh remained in the brain for at least 2 h after administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alonso
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Barcia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913-94-17-41
| | - Juan-Francisco González
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Montejo
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Luis García-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Brain Mapping Lab, Pluridisciplinary Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica-Carolina Villa-Hermosilla
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Negro
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana-Isabel Fraguas-Sánchez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Carballido
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Farmer LA, Wu Z, Poon JF, Zilka O, Lorenz SM, Huehn S, Proneth B, Conrad M, Pratt DA. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Limitations to the Design and Optimization of Inhibitors of Lipid Peroxidation and Associated Cell Death. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14706-14721. [PMID: 35921655 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The archetype inhibitors of ferroptosis, ferrostatin-1 and liproxstatin-1, were identified via high-throughput screening of compound libraries for cytoprotective activity. These compounds have been shown to inhibit ferroptosis by suppressing propagation of lipid peroxidation, the radical chain reaction that drives cell death. Herein, we present the first rational design and optimization of ferroptosis inhibitors targeting this mechanism of action. Engaging the most potent radical-trapping antioxidant (RTA) scaffold known (phenoxazine, PNX), and its less reactive chalcogen cousin (phenothiazine, PTZ), we explored structure-reactivity-potency relationships to elucidate the intrinsic and extrinsic limitations of this approach. The results delineate the roles of inherent RTA activity, H-bonding interactions with phospholipid headgroups, and lipid solubility in determining activity/potency. We show that modifications which increase inherent RTA activity beyond that of the parent compounds do not substantially improve RTA kinetics in phospholipids or potency in cells, while modifications that decrease intrinsic RTA activity lead to corresponding erosions to both. The apparent "plateau" of RTA activity in phospholipid bilayers (kinh ∼ 2 × 105 M-1 s-1) and cell potency (EC50 ∼ 4 nM) may be the result of diffusion-controlled reactivity between the RTA and lipid-peroxyl radicals and/or the potential limitations on RTA turnover/regeneration by endogenous reductants. The metabolic stability of selected derivatives was assessed to identify a candidate for in vivo experimentation as a proof-of-concept. This PNX-derivative demonstrated stability in mouse liver microsomes comparable to liproxstatin-1 and was successfully used to suppress acute renal failure in mice brought on by tissue-specific inactivation of the ferroptosis regulator GPX4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Farmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Zijun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jia-Fei Poon
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Omkar Zilka
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Svenja M Lorenz
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Stephanie Huehn
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Bettina Proneth
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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3
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Cannabidiol modulation of oxidative stress and signalling. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20200080. [PMID: 34497718 PMCID: PMC8385185 DOI: 10.1042/ns20200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), one of the primary non-euphoric components in the Cannabis sativa L. plant, has undergone clinical development over the last number of years as a therapeutic for patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndromes. This phytocannabinoid demonstrates functional and pharmacological diversity, and research data indicate that CBD is a comparable antioxidant to common antioxidants. This review gathers the latest knowledge regarding the impact of CBD on oxidative signalling, with focus on the proclivity of CBD to regulate antioxidants and control the production of reactive oxygen species. CBD is considered an attractive therapeutic agent for neuroimmune disorders, and a body of literature indicates that CBD can regulate redox function at multiple levels, with a range of downstream effects on cells and tissues. However, pro-oxidant capacity of CBD has also been reported, and hence caution must be applied when considering CBD from a therapeutic standpoint. Such pro- and antioxidant functions of CBD may be cell- and model-dependent and may also be influenced by CBD dose, the duration of CBD treatment and the underlying pathology.
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Johnson CSC, Shively C, Michalson KT, Lea AJ, DeBo RJ, Howard TD, Hawkins GA, Appt SE, Liu Y, McCall CE, Herrington DM, Ip EH, Register TC, Snyder-Mackler N. Contrasting effects of Western vs Mediterranean diets on monocyte inflammatory gene expression and social behavior in a primate model. eLife 2021; 10:68293. [PMID: 34338633 PMCID: PMC8423447 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary changes associated with industrialization increase the prevalence of chronic diseases, such as obesity, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. This relationship is often attributed to an 'evolutionary mismatch' between human physiology and modern nutritional environments. Western diets enriched with foods that were scarce throughout human evolutionary history (e.g. simple sugars and saturated fats) promote inflammation and disease relative to diets more akin to ancestral human hunter-gatherer diets, such as a Mediterranean diet. Peripheral blood monocytes, precursors to macrophages and important mediators of innate immunity and inflammation, are sensitive to the environment and may represent a critical intermediate in the pathway linking diet to disease. We evaluated the effects of 15 months of whole diet manipulations mimicking Western or Mediterranean diet patterns on monocyte polarization in a well-established model of human health, the cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Monocyte transcriptional profiles differed markedly between diets, with 40% of transcripts showing differential expression (FDR < 0.05). Monocytes from Western diet consumers were polarized toward a more proinflammatory phenotype. The Western diet shifted the co-expression of 445 gene pairs, including small RNAs and transcription factors associated with metabolism and adiposity in humans, and dramatically altered behavior. For example, Western-fed individuals were more anxious and less socially integrated. These behavioral changes were also associated with some of the effects of diet on gene expression, suggesting an interaction between diet, central nervous system activity, and monocyte gene expression. This study provides new molecular insights into an evolutionary mismatch and uncovers new pathways through which Western diets alter monocyte polarization toward a proinflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin SC Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Carol Shively
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Kristofer T Michalson
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Amanda J Lea
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Ryne J DeBo
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Timothy D Howard
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Gregory A Hawkins
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Susan E Appt
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - David M Herrington
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Edward H Ip
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Department of Psychology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States,Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States,Department of Biology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States,Center for Evolution & Medicine, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
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5
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Lee D, Jo MG, Kim SY, Chung CG, Lee SB. Dietary Antioxidants and the Mitochondrial Quality Control: Their Potential Roles in Parkinson's Disease Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111056. [PMID: 33126703 PMCID: PMC7692176 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in medicine and dietary standards over recent decades have remarkably increased human life expectancy. Unfortunately, the chance of developing age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), increases with increased life expectancy. High metabolic demands of neurons are met by mitochondria, damage of which is thought to contribute to the development of many NDDs including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mitochondrial damage is closely associated with the abnormal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are widely known to be toxic in various cellular environments, including NDD contexts. Thus, ways to prevent or slow mitochondrial dysfunction are needed for the treatment of these NDDs. In this review, we first detail how ROS are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and review the cellular mechanisms, such as the mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system, by which neurons defend against both abnormal production of ROS and the subsequent accumulation of damaged mitochondria. We next highlight previous studies that link mitochondrial dysfunction with PD and how dietary antioxidants might provide reinforcement of the MQC system. Finally, we discuss how aging plays a role in mitochondrial dysfunction and PD before considering how healthy aging through proper diet and exercise may be salutary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davin Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Min Gu Jo
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Kim
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Chang Geon Chung
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.G.C.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.G.C.); (S.B.L.)
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6
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Marrazzo P, O’Leary C. Repositioning Natural Antioxidants for Therapeutic Applications in Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E104. [PMID: 32887327 PMCID: PMC7552777 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a large panel of natural antioxidants demonstrate a protective effect in preventing cellular oxidative stress, their low bioavailability limits therapeutic activity at the targeted injury site. The importance to deliver drug or cells into oxidative microenvironments can be realized with the development of biocompatible redox-modulating materials. The incorporation of antioxidant compounds within implanted biomaterials should be able to retain the antioxidant activity, while also allowing graft survival and tissue recovery. This review summarizes the recent literature reporting the combined role of natural antioxidants with biomaterials. Our review highlights how such functionalization is a promising strategy in tissue engineering to improve the engraftment and promote tissue healing or regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini (RN), Italy
| | - Cian O’Leary
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen’s Green, 2 D02 Dublin, Ireland;
- Science Foundation Ireland Advanced Materials and Bioengineering (AMBER) Centre, RCSI, 2 D02 Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Frandsen J, Choi SR, Narayanasamy P. Neural Glyoxalase Pathway Enhancement by Morin Derivatives in an Alzheimer's Disease Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:356-366. [PMID: 31909963 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The glyoxalase pathway (GP) is an antioxidant defense system that detoxifies metabolic byproduct methylglyoxal (MG). Through sequential reactions, reduced glutathione (GSH), glyoxalase I (glo-1), and glyoxalase II (glo-2) convert MG into d-lactate. Spontaneous reactions involving MG alter the structure and function of cellular macromolecules through the formation of inflammatory advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). Accumulation of MG and AGEs in neural cells contributes to oxidative stress (OS), a state of elevated inflammation commonly found in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Morin is a common plant-produced flavonoid polyphenol that exhibits the ability to enhance the GP-mediated detoxification of MG. We hypothesize that structural modifications to morin will improve its inherent GP enhancing ability. Here we synthesized a morin derivative, dibromo-morin (DBM), formulated a morin encapsulated nanoparticle (MNP), and examined their efficacy in enhancing neural GP activity. Cultured mouse primary cerebellar neurons and Caenorhabditis elegans were induced to a state of OS with MG and treated with morin, DBM, and MNP. Results indicated the morin derivatives were more effective compared to the parent compound in neural GP enhancement and preventing MG-mediated OS in an AD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Frandsen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Seoung-ryoung Choi
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Prabagaran Narayanasamy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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Paul BD, Snyder SH. Therapeutic Applications of Cysteamine and Cystamine in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Diseases. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1315. [PMID: 31920936 PMCID: PMC6920251 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Current medications for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Schizophrenia mainly target disease symptoms. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutics that can delay, halt or reverse disease progression. AD, HD, PD, and schizophrenia are characterized by elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress, which play a central role in pathogenesis. Clinical trials utilizing antioxidants to counter disease progression have largely been unsuccessful. Most antioxidants are relatively non-specific and do not adequately target neuroprotective pathways. Accordingly, a search for agents that restore redox balance as well as halt or reverse neuronal loss is underway. The small molecules, cysteamine, the decarboxylated derivative of the amino acid cysteine, and cystamine, the oxidized form of cysteamine, respectively, mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation and upregulate neuroprotective pathways involving brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. Cysteamine can traverse the blood brain barrier, a desirable characteristic of drugs targeting neurodegeneration. This review addresses recent developments in the use of these aminothiols to counter neurodegeneration and neuropsychiatric deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu D Paul
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Solomon H Snyder
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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9
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Adhikari A, Mondal S, Darbar S, Kumar Pal S. Role of Nanomedicine in Redox Mediated Healing at Molecular Level. Biomol Concepts 2019; 10:160-174. [PMID: 31661433 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2019-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine, the offspring born from the marriage of nanotechnology and medicine, has already brought momentous advances in the fight against a plethora of unmet diseases from cardiovascular and neurodegenerative to diabetes and cancer. Here, we review a conceptual framework that will provide a basic understanding about the molecular mechanism of action of a therapeutic nanomaterial inside biological milieu. In this review, we highlight how the catalytic nature of a transition metal oxide nanomaterial influences the cellular redox homeostasis, supports the cellular antioxidant defence system and reactivates the reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated signalling to perform normal cell functions like cell cycle, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, toxicity, and protein interactions. With numerous examples, we describe the redox modulatory nature of d-block metal oxide nanomaterials and their biomimetic nanozyme activities to protect the mitochondria, the cellular redox mediator which prevents an organism from various diseases. This knowledge will be useful to design new nanomaterials capable of intracellular redox modulation, which in turn can be effective therapeutic agents for treatment of various unmet diseases that are beyond the ability of modern synthetic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Adhikari
- Department of Chemical Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700106, India
| | - Susmita Mondal
- Department of Chemical Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700106, India
| | - Soumendra Darbar
- Research & Development Division, Dey's Medical Stores (Mfg.) Ltd, 62, Bondel Road, Ballygunge, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Samir Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700106, India
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10
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Keynes RG, Karchevskaya A, Riddall D, Griffiths CH, Bellamy TC, Chan AWE, Selwood DL, Garthwaite J. N 10 -carbonyl-substituted phenothiazines inhibiting lipid peroxidation and associated nitric oxide consumption powerfully protect brain tissue against oxidative stress. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 94:1680-1693. [PMID: 31127979 PMCID: PMC6790564 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During some investigations into the mechanism of nitric oxide consumption by brain preparations, several potent inhibitors of this process were identified. Subsequent tests revealed the compounds act by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, a trigger for a form of regulated cell death known as ferroptosis. A quantitative structure–activity study together with XED (eXtended Electron Distributions) field analysis allowed a qualitative understanding of the structure–activity relationships. A representative compound N‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐10H‐phenothiazine‐10‐carboxamide (DT‐PTZ‐C) was able to inhibit completely oxidative damage brought about by two different procedures in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures, displaying a 30‐ to 100‐fold higher potency than the standard vitamin E analogue, Trolox or edaravone. The compounds are novel, small, drug‐like molecules of potential therapeutic use in neurodegenerative disorders and other conditions associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Keynes
- Neural Signalling Group, The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anastasia Karchevskaya
- Drug Discovery Group, The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dieter Riddall
- Neural Signalling Group, The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charmaine H Griffiths
- Neural Signalling Group, The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tomas C Bellamy
- Neural Signalling Group, The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - A W Edith Chan
- Drug Discovery Group, The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - David L Selwood
- Drug Discovery Group, The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Garthwaite
- Neural Signalling Group, The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
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11
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Hajieva P, Baeken MW, Moosmann B. The role of Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPases (PMCAs) in neurodegenerative disorders. Neurosci Lett 2019; 663:29-38. [PMID: 29452613 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Selective degeneration of differentiated neurons in the brain is the unifying feature of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) or Alzheimer's disease (AD). A broad spectrum of evidence indicates that initially subtle, but temporally early calcium dysregulation may be central to the selective neuronal vulnerability observed in these slowly progressing, chronic disorders. Moreover, it has long been evident that excitotoxicity and its major toxic effector mechanism, neuronal calcium overload, play a decisive role in the propagation of secondary neuronal death after acute brain injury from trauma or ischemia. Under physiological conditions, neuronal calcium homeostasis is maintained by a fine-tuned interplay between calcium influx and releasing mechanisms (Ca2+-channels), and calcium efflux mechanisms (Ca2+-pumps and -exchangers). Central functional components of the calcium efflux machinery are the Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPases (PMCAs), which represent high-affinity calcium pumps responsible for the ATP-dependent removal of calcium out of the cytosol. Beyond a growing body of experimental evidence, it is their high expression level, their independence of secondary ions or membrane potential, their profound redox regulation and autoregulation, their postsynaptic localization in close proximity to the primary mediators of pathological calcium influx, i.e. NMDA receptors, as well as evolutionary considerations which all suggest a pivotal role of the PMCAs in the etiology of neurodegeneration and make them equally challenging and alluring candidates for drug development. This review aims to summarize the recent literature on the role of PMCAs in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvana Hajieva
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Marius W Baeken
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Moosmann
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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12
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Selvendran S, J B, CS V, Munussami P, Pattusamy N, Chanda K, MM B, Rajendran S. Biological Evaluation of Synthesized N‐Cinnamoyl Phenothiazine Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Selvendran
- Chemistry divisionSchool of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus Chennai- 600 127, Tamilnadu India
| | - Brindha J
- Chemistry divisionSchool of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus Chennai- 600 127, Tamilnadu India
| | - Vasavi CS
- Bioinformatics divisionSchool of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore, Tamilnadu 632 014 India
| | - Punnagai Munussami
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and BioinformaticsInternational Institute of Information Technology, Gachibowli Hyderabad - 500 032 India
| | - Nithya Pattusamy
- Chemistry divisionSchool of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus Chennai- 600 127, Tamilnadu India
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632 014 India
| | - Balamurali MM
- Chemistry divisionSchool of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus Chennai- 600 127, Tamilnadu India
| | - Saravanakumar Rajendran
- Chemistry divisionSchool of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus Chennai- 600 127, Tamilnadu India
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13
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González-Fuentes J, Selva J, Moya C, Castro-Vázquez L, Lozano MV, Marcos P, Plaza-Oliver M, Rodríguez-Robledo V, Santander-Ortega MJ, Villaseca-González N, Arroyo-Jimenez MM. Neuroprotective Natural Molecules, From Food to Brain. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:721. [PMID: 30405328 PMCID: PMC6206709 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders is increasing; however, an effective neuroprotective treatment is still remaining. Nutrition plays an important role in neuroprotection as recently shown by epidemiological and biochemical studies which identified food components as promising therapeutic agents. Neuroprotection includes mechanisms such as activation of specific receptors, changes in enzymatic neuronal activity, and synthesis and secretion of different bioactive molecules. All these mechanisms are focused on preventing neuronal damage and alleviating the consequences of massive cell loss. Some neuropathological disorders selectively affect to particular neuronal populations, thus is important to know their neurochemical and anatomical properties in order to design effective therapies. Although the design of such treatments would be specific to neuronal groups sensible to damage, the effect would have an impact in the whole nervous system. The difficult overcoming of the blood brain barrier has hampered the development of efficient therapies for prevention or protection. This structure is a physical, enzymatic, and influx barrier that efficiently protects the brain from exogenous molecules. Therefore, the development of new strategies, like nanocarriers, that help to promote the access of neuroprotective molecules to the brain, is needed for providing more effective therapies for the disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). In order both to trace the success of these nanoplatforms on the release of the bioactive cargo in the CNS and determinate the concentration at trace levels of targets biomolecules by analytical chemistry and concretely separation instrumental techniques, constitute an essential tool. Currently, these techniques are used for the determination and identification of natural neuroprotective molecules in complex matrixes at different concentration levels. Separation techniques such as chromatography and capillary electrophoresis (CE), using optical and/or mass spectrometry (MS) detectors, provide multiples combinations for the quantitative and qualitative analysis at basal levels or higher concentrations of bioactive analytes in biological samples. Bearing this in mind, the development of food neuroprotective molecules as brain therapeutic agents is a complex task that requires the intimate collaboration and engagement of different disciplines for a successful outcome. In this sense, this work reviews the new advances achieved in the area toward a better understanding of the current state of the art and highlights promising approaches for brain neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin González-Fuentes
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
| | - Jorge Selva
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
| | - Carmen Moya
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
| | - Lucia Castro-Vázquez
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
| | - Maria V Lozano
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
| | - Pilar Marcos
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
| | - Maria Plaza-Oliver
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
| | - Virginia Rodríguez-Robledo
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
| | - Manuel J Santander-Ortega
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
| | - Noemi Villaseca-González
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
| | - Maria M Arroyo-Jimenez
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
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14
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Frandsen JR, Narayanasamy P. Neuroprotection through flavonoid: Enhancement of the glyoxalase pathway. Redox Biol 2018; 14:465-473. [PMID: 29080525 PMCID: PMC5680520 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The glyoxalase pathway functions to detoxify reactive dicarbonyl compounds, most importantly methylglyoxal. The glyoxalase pathway is an antioxidant defense mechanism that is essential for neuroprotection. Excessive concentrations of methylglyoxal have deleterious effects on cells, leading to increased levels of inflammation and oxidative stress. Neurodegenerative diseases - including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Aging and Autism Spectrum Disorder - are often induced or exacerbated by accumulation of methylglyoxal. Antioxidant compounds possess several distinct mechanisms that enhance the glyoxalase pathway and function as neuroprotectants. Flavonoids are well-researched secondary plant metabolites that appear to be effective in reducing levels of oxidative stress and inflammation in neural cells. Novel flavonoids could be designed, synthesized and tested to protect against neurodegenerative diseases through regulating the glyoxalase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel R Frandsen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Prabagaran Narayanasamy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA.
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15
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Manalo RV, Silvestre MA, Barbosa ALA, Medina PM. Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Ethanolic Leaf Extract Reduces Amyloid-β (1-42) Aggregation and Paralysis Prevalence in Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans Independently of Free Radical Scavenging and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5020017. [PMID: 28536360 PMCID: PMC5489803 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been the subject of several studies which have aimed to alleviate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, focusing on in vitro antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities. Here, we studied an underutilized and lesser-valued part of the coconut tree, specifically the leaves, using in vitro and in vivo approaches. Coconut leaf extract (CLE) was screened for antioxidant and AChE inhibitory properties in vitro and therapeutic effects in two strains of transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing amyloid-β1–42 (Aβ1-42) in muscle cells. CLE demonstrated free radical scavenging activity with an EC50 that is 79-fold less compared to ascorbic acid, and an AChE inhibitory activity that is 131-fold less compared to Rivastigmine. Surprisingly, in spite of its low antioxidant activity and AChE inhibition, CLE reduced Aβ deposits by 30.31% in CL2006 in a dose-independent manner, and reduced the percentage of paralyzed nematodes at the lowest concentration of CLE (159.38 μg/mL), compared to dH2O/vehicle (control). Phytochemical analysis detected glycosides, anthocyanins, and hydrolyzable tannins in CLE, some of which are known to be anti-amyloidogenic. Taken together, these findings suggest that CLE metabolites alternatively decrease AB1–42 aggregation and paralysis prevalence independently of free radical scavenging and AChE inhibition, and this warrants further investigation on the bioactive compounds of CLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Vincent Manalo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita, Manila 1000, Philippines.
| | | | | | - Paul Mark Medina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita, Manila 1000, Philippines.
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