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Khatua R, Bhar B, Dey S, Jaiswal C, J V, Mandal BB. Advances in engineered nanosystems: immunomodulatory interactions for therapeutic applications. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38888201 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00680a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have led to significant progress in the design and fabrication of nanoparticles (NPs) with improved therapeutic properties. NPs have been explored for modulating the immune system, serving as carriers for drug delivery or vaccine adjuvants, or acting as therapeutics themselves against a wide range of deadly diseases. The combination of NPs with immune system-targeting moieties has facilitated the development of improved targeted immune therapies. Targeted delivery of therapeutic agents using NPs specifically to the disease-affected cells, distinguishing them from other host cells, offers the major advantage of concentrating the therapeutic effect and reducing systemic side effects. Furthermore, the properties of NPs, including size, shape, surface charge, and surface modifications, influence their interactions with the targeted biological components. This review aims to provide insights into these diverse emerging and innovative approaches that are being developed and utilized for modulating the immune system using NPs. We reviewed various types of NPs composed of different materials and their specific application for modulating the immune system. Furthermore, we focused on the mechanistic effects of these therapeutic NPs on primary immune components, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and complement systems. Additionally, a recent overview of clinically approved immunomodulatory nanomedicines and potential future perspectives, offering new paradigms of this field, is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Khatua
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Bibrita Bhar
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Souradeep Dey
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India
| | - Chitra Jaiswal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Victoria J
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India
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2
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Puente EG, Sivasankaran RP, Vinciguerra D, Yang J, Lower HAC, Hevener AL, Maynard HD. Uniform trehalose nanogels for glucagon stabilization. RSC APPLIED POLYMERS 2024; 2:473-482. [PMID: 38800515 PMCID: PMC11114568 DOI: 10.1039/d3lp00226h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon is a peptide hormone that acts via receptor-mediated signaling predominantly in the liver to raise glucose levels by hepatic glycogen breakdown or conversion of noncarbohydrate, 3 carbon precursors to glucose by gluconeogenesis. Glucagon is administered to reverse severe hypoglycemia, a clinical complication associated with type 1 diabetes. However, due to low stability and solubility at neutral pH, there are limitations in the current formulations of glucagon. Trehalose methacrylate-based nanoparticles were utilized as the stabilizing and solubilizing moiety in the system reported herein. Glucagon was site-selectively modified to contain a cysteine at amino acid number 24 to covalently attach to the methacrylate-based polymer containing pyridyl disulfide side chains. PEG2000 dithiol was employed as the crosslinker to form uniform nanoparticles. Glucagon nanogels were monitored in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) pH 7.4 at various temperatures to determine its long-term stability in solution. Glucagon nanogels were stable up to at least 5 months by size uniformity when stored at -20 °C and 4 °C, up to 5 days at 25 °C, and less than 12 hours at 37 °C. When glucagon stability was studied by either HPLC or thioflavin T assays, the glucagon was intact for at least 5 months at -20 °C and 4 °C within the nanoparticles at -20 °C and 4 °C and up to 2 days at 25 °C. Additionally, the glucagon nanogels were studied for toxicity and efficacy using various assays in vitro. The findings indicate that the nanogels were nontoxic to fibroblast cells and nonhemolytic to red blood cells. The glucagon in the nanogels was as active as glucagon alone. These results demonstrate the utility of trehalose nanogels towards a glucagon formulation with improved stability and solubility in aqueous solutions, particularly useful for storage at cold temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie G Puente
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 570 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
| | - Rajalakshmi P Sivasankaran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 570 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
| | - Daniele Vinciguerra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 570 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
| | - Jane Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 570 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
| | - Haillie-Ann C Lower
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 570 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
- Department of Medicine and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System GRECC Los Angeles CA 90073 USA
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 570 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
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Haidar LL, Bilek M, Akhavan B. Surface Bio-engineered Polymeric Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310876. [PMID: 38396265 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Surface bio-engineering of polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) has emerged as a cornerstone in contemporary biomedical research, presenting a transformative avenue that can revolutionize diagnostics, therapies, and drug delivery systems. The approach involves integrating bioactive elements on the surfaces of PNPs, aiming to provide them with functionalities to enable precise, targeted, and favorable interactions with biological components within cellular environments. However, the full potential of surface bio-engineered PNPs in biomedicine is hampered by obstacles, including precise control over surface modifications, stability in biological environments, and lasting targeted interactions with cells or tissues. Concerns like scalability, reproducibility, and long-term safety also impede translation to clinical practice. In this review, these challenges in the context of recent breakthroughs in developing surface-biofunctionalized PNPs for various applications, from biosensing and bioimaging to targeted delivery of therapeutics are discussed. Particular attention is given to bonding mechanisms that underlie the attachment of bioactive moieties to PNP surfaces. The stability and efficacy of surface-bioengineered PNPs are critically reviewed in disease detection, diagnostics, and treatment, both in vitro and in vivo settings. Insights into existing challenges and limitations impeding progress are provided, and a forward-looking discussion on the field's future is presented. The paper concludes with recommendations to accelerate the clinical translation of surface bio-engineered PNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Libnan Haidar
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Marcela Bilek
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Behnam Akhavan
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Precision Medicine Program, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
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Gafar MA, Omolo CA, Elhassan E, Ibrahim UH, Govender T. Applications of peptides in nanosystems for diagnosing and managing bacterial sepsis. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:40. [PMID: 38637839 PMCID: PMC11027418 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis represents a critical medical condition stemming from an imbalanced host immune response to infections, which is linked to a significant burden of disease. Despite substantial efforts in laboratory and clinical research, sepsis remains a prominent contributor to mortality worldwide. Nanotechnology presents innovative opportunities for the advancement of sepsis diagnosis and treatment. Due to their unique properties, including diversity, ease of synthesis, biocompatibility, high specificity, and excellent pharmacological efficacy, peptides hold great potential as part of nanotechnology approaches against sepsis. Herein, we present a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the applications of peptides in nanosystems for combating sepsis, with the potential to expedite diagnosis and enhance management outcomes. Firstly, sepsis pathophysiology, antisepsis drug targets, current modalities in management and diagnosis with their limitations, and the potential of peptides to advance the diagnosis and management of sepsis have been adequately addressed. The applications have been organized into diagnostic or managing applications, with the last one being further sub-organized into nano-delivered bioactive peptides with antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory activity, peptides as targeting moieties on the surface of nanosystems against sepsis, and peptides as nanocarriers for antisepsis agents. The studies have been grouped thematically and discussed, emphasizing the constructed nanosystem, physicochemical properties, and peptide-imparted enhancement in diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy. The strengths, limitations, and research gaps in each section have been elaborated. Finally, current challenges and potential future paths to enhance the use of peptides in nanosystems for combating sepsis have been deliberately spotlighted. This review reaffirms peptides' potential as promising biomaterials within nanotechnology strategies aimed at improving sepsis diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Gafar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 1996, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Calvin A Omolo
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa.
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, P. O. Box 14634-00800, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Eman Elhassan
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Usri H Ibrahim
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa.
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Khan MM, Li Y, Zhou Z, Ni A, Saiding Q, Qin D, Tao W, Chen W. Macrophage-modulating nanomedicine for cancer immunotherapy. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7378-7386. [PMID: 38511468 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06333j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play crucial roles in the immunosuppressive solid tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite their tumor-promoting functions, TAMs can also be therapeutically modulated to exhibit tumor-killing properties, making them attractive targets for tumor immunotherapy. This review highlights the recent advances in nanomedicine-based strategies centered around macrophages for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Emerging nanomedicine-based strategies to modulate TAMs in cancer treatment include repolarization of the TAM phenotype, inhibition of monocyte recruitment, depletion of TAMs, and blockage of immune checkpoints. These strategies have shown great promise in significantly improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, macrophage-inspired drug delivery systems have demonstrated significant promise in inducing immunotherapeutic effects and enhancing therapeutic efficacy by facilitating evasion from the reticuloendothelial system and promoting accumulation at the tumor site. Finally, we also discuss the challenges and propose future opportunities associated with macrophage-modulating nanomedicine to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Muzamil Khan
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Yongjiang Li
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Zhuoming Zhou
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Abigale Ni
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Qimanguli Saiding
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Duotian Qin
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Mohammadi N, Fayazi Hosseini N, Nemati H, Moradi-Sardareh H, Nabi-Afjadi M, Kardar GA. Revisiting of Properties and Modified Polyethylenimine-Based Cancer Gene Delivery Systems. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:18-39. [PMID: 37394575 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A new era of medical technology in cancer treatment is a directly specific modification of gene expression in tumor cells by nucleic acid delivery. Currently, the main challenge to achieving this goal is to find a non-toxic, safe, and effective strategy for gene transfer to cancer cells. Synthetic composites based on cationic polymers have historically been favored in bioengineering due to their ability to mimic bimolecular structures. Among them, polyethylenimines (PEIs) with superior properties such as a wide range of molecular weight and a flexible structure may propel the development of functional combinations in the biomedical and biomaterial fields. Here, in this review, we will focus on the recent progressions in the formulation optimization of PEI-based polyplex in gene delivery to treat cancer. Also, the effect of PEI's intrinsic characteristics such as structure, molecular weight, and positive charges which influence the gene delivery efficiency will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejad Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nashmin Fayazi Hosseini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hossein Nemati
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholam Ali Kardar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Dang BTN, Kwon TK, Lee S, Jeong JH, Yook S. Nanoparticle-based immunoengineering strategies for enhancing cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2024; 365:773-800. [PMID: 38081328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a groundbreaking strategy that has revolutionized the field of oncology compared to other therapeutic strategies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. However, cancer complexity, tumor heterogeneity, and immune escape have become the main hurdles to the clinical application of immunotherapy. Moreover, conventional immunotherapies cause many harmful side effects owing to hyperreactivity in patients, long treatment durations and expensive cost. Nanotechnology is considered a transformative approach that enhances the potency of immunotherapy by capitalizing on the superior physicochemical properties of nanocarriers, creating highly targeted tissue delivery systems. These advantageous features include a substantial specific surface area, which enhances the interaction with the immune system. In addition, the capability to finely modify surface chemistry enables the achievement of controlled and sustained release properties. These advances have significantly increased the potential of immunotherapy, making it more powerful than ever before. In this review, we introduce recent nanocarriers for application in cancer immunotherapy based on strategies that target different main immune cells, including T cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and tumor-associated macrophages. We also provide an overview of the role and significance of nanotechnology in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Simmyung Yook
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Yao L, Liu Q, Lei Z, Sun T. Development and challenges of antimicrobial peptide delivery strategies in bacterial therapy: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126819. [PMID: 37709236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The escalating global prevalence of antimicrobial resistance poses a critical threat, prompting concerns about its impact on public health. This predicament is exacerbated by the acute shortage of novel antimicrobial agents, a scarcity attributed to the rapid surge in bacterial resistance. This review delves into the realm of antimicrobial peptides, a diverse class of compounds ubiquitously present in plants and animals across various natural organisms. Renowned for their intrinsic antibacterial activity, these peptides provide a promising avenue to tackle the intricate challenge of bacterial resistance. However, the clinical utility of peptide-based drugs is hindered by limited bioavailability and susceptibility to rapid degradation, constraining efforts to enhance the efficacy of bacterial infection treatments. The emergence of nanocarriers marks a transformative approach poised to revolutionize peptide delivery strategies. This review elucidates a promising framework involving nanocarriers within the realm of antimicrobial peptides. This paradigm enables meticulous and controlled peptide release at infection sites by detecting dynamic shifts in microenvironmental factors, including pH, ROS, GSH, and reactive enzymes. Furthermore, a glimpse into the future reveals the potential of targeted delivery mechanisms, harnessing inflammatory responses and intricate signaling pathways, including adenosine triphosphate, macrophage receptors, and pathogenic nucleic acid entities. This approach holds promise in fortifying immunity, thereby amplifying the potency of peptide-based treatments. In summary, this review spotlights peptide nanosystems as prospective solutions for combating bacterial infections. By bridging antimicrobial peptides with advanced nanomedicine, a new therapeutic era emerges, poised to confront the formidable challenge of antimicrobial resistance head-on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfukang Yao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qianying Liu
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhixin Lei
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Zahedipour F, Jamialahmadi K, Zamani P, Reza Jaafari M. Improving the efficacy of peptide vaccines in cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110721. [PMID: 37543011 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Peptide vaccines have shown great potential in cancer immunotherapy by targeting tumor antigens and activating the patient's immune system to mount a specific response against cancer cells. However, the efficacy of peptide vaccines in inducing a sustained immune response and achieving clinical benefit remains a major challenge. In this review, we discuss the current status of peptide vaccines in cancer immunotherapy and strategies to improve their efficacy. We summarize the recent advancements in the development of peptide vaccines in pre-clinical and clinical settings, including the use of novel adjuvants, neoantigens, nano-delivery systems, and combination therapies. We also highlight the importance of personalized cancer vaccines, which consider the unique genetic and immunological profiles of individual patients. We also discuss the strategies to enhance the immunogenicity of peptide vaccines such as multivalent peptides, conjugated peptides, fusion proteins, and self-assembled peptides. Although, peptide vaccines alone are weak immunogens, combining peptide vaccines with other immunotherapeutic approaches and developing novel approaches such as personalized vaccines can be promising methods to significantly enhance their efficacy and improve the clinical outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zahedipour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Jamialahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvin Zamani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Abdi H, Arabi L, Montazer M, Askarizadeh A, Zamani P, Hosseinzadeh H, Jaafari MR, Mosaffa F. The effect of m2 peptide targeted nanoliposomes containing crocin on induction of phenotypic change in tumor macrophages to M1 state. Life Sci 2023; 330:121992. [PMID: 37524160 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Crocin has immunomodulatory and anticancer effects. In this study, crocin was used to induce the M1 phenotype in mouse tumor macrophages. MAIN METHODS A targeted liposomal formulation with m2 peptide was prepared and characterized to deliver crocin to the M2 macrophages present in the tumor environment. RT-qPCR and IHC were performed for in vitro and in vivo (in C26 colon carcinoma mouse model at a dose of 50 mg/kg) assessment of M1 induction, respectively. KEY FINDINGS In vitro results indicated that liposome modified with m2 peptide was non-toxic to macrophages and had an improved uptake by macrophages compared to the non-targeted formulation and induced M1 phenotype through an IL6-independent pathway. M2 peptide- modified liposome showed considerable tumor accumulation and anti-tumor effects and significantly shifted the phenotype of tumor macrophages towards an anti-tumor M1 phenotype. SIGNIFICANCE Probably the remarkable anti-tumor responses observed in this study with m2 peptide-targeted liposomal formulations containing crocin were due to the enhanced delivery of crocin to the tumor macrophage and the subsequent initiation of anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimeh Abdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Montazer
- Department of Pathology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Anis Askarizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvin Zamani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mosaffa
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Zheng J, Jiang J, Pu Y, Xu T, Sun J, Zhang Q, He L, Liang X. Tumor-associated macrophages in nanomaterial-based anti-tumor therapy: as target spots or delivery platforms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1248421. [PMID: 37654704 PMCID: PMC10466823 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1248421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has emerged as a promising approach in cancer therapy. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the field of nanomedicines targeting TAMs. According to the crucial role of TAMs in tumor progression, strategies to inhibit macrophage recruitment, suppress TAM survival, and transform TAM phenotypes are discussed as potential therapeutic avenues. To enhance the targeting capacity of nanomedicines, various approaches such as the use of ligands, immunoglobulins, and short peptides are explored. The utilization of live programmed macrophages, macrophage cell membrane-coated nanoparticles and macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles as drug delivery platforms is also highlighted, offering improved biocompatibility and prolonged circulation time. However, challenges remain in achieving precise targeting and controlled drug release. The heterogeneity of TAMs and the variability of surface markers pose hurdles in achieving specific recognition. Furthermore, the safety and clinical applicability of these nanomedicines requires further investigation. In conclusion, nanomedicines targeting TAMs hold great promise in cancer therapy, offering enhanced specificity and reduced side effects. Addressing the existing limitations and expanding our understanding of TAM biology will pave the way for the successful translation of these nano-therapies into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yicheng Pu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingrui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiantong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling He
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Khalili S, Zeinali F, Moghadam Fard A, Taha SR, Fazlollahpour Naghibi A, Bagheri K, Shariat Zadeh M, Eslami Y, Fattah K, Asadimanesh N, Azarimatin A, Khalesi B, Almasi F, Payandeh Z. Macrophage-Based Therapeutic Strategies in Hematologic Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3722. [PMID: 37509382 PMCID: PMC10378576 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are types of immune cells, with ambivalent functions in tumor growth, which depend on the specific environment in which they reside. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a diverse population of immunosuppressive myeloid cells that play significant roles in several malignancies. TAM infiltration in malignancies has been linked to a poor prognosis and limited response to treatments, including those using checkpoint inhibitors. Understanding the precise mechanisms through which macrophages contribute to tumor growth is an active area of research as targeting these cells may offer potential therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. Numerous investigations have focused on anti-TAM-based methods that try to eliminate, rewire, or target the functional mediators released by these cells. Considering the importance of these strategies in the reversion of tumor resistance to conventional therapies and immune modulatory vaccination could be an appealing approach for the immunosuppressive targeting of myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The combination of reprogramming and TAM depletion is a special feature of this approach compared to other clinical strategies. Thus, the present review aims to comprehensively overview the pleiotropic activities of TAMs and their involvement in various stages of cancer development as a potent drug target, with a focus on hematologic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 1678815811, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zeinali
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
| | - Atousa Moghadam Fard
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 4188783417, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Taha
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Andarz Fazlollahpour Naghibi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717641367, Iran
| | - Kimia Bagheri
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717641367, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Shariat Zadeh
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Yeghaneh Eslami
- Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran
| | - Khashayar Fattah
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717411, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Asadimanesh
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717411, Iran
| | - Armin Azarimatin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar 5381637181, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalesi
- Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj 3197619751, Iran
| | - Faezeh Almasi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Yang YL, Yang F, Huang ZQ, Li YY, Shi HY, Sun Q, Ma Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yang S, Zhao GR, Xu FH. T cells, NK cells, and tumor-associated macrophages in cancer immunotherapy and the current state of the art of drug delivery systems. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199173. [PMID: 37457707 PMCID: PMC10348220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system provides full protection for the body by specifically identifying 'self' and removing 'others'; thus protecting the body from diseases. The immune system includes innate immunity and adaptive immunity, which jointly coordinate the antitumor immune response. T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the main tumor-killing immune cells active in three antitumor immune cycle. Cancer immunotherapy focusses on activating and strengthening immune response or eliminating suppression from tumor cells in each step of the cancer-immunity cycle; thus, it strengthens the body's immunity against tumors. In this review, the antitumor immune cycles of T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are discussed. Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules in the three activity cycles and the development of drugs and delivery systems targeting these molecules are emphasized, and the current state of the art of drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-long Yang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuan-qing Huang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-yuan Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-yuan Shi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Biotherapeutic, The First Medical Centre, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Chinese People’s Armed Police Force Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-ren Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-hua Xu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
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14
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Li L, Tian Y. The role of metabolic reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages in shaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114504. [PMID: 37002579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are potent immune effector cells in innate immunity and exert dual-effects in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) make up a significant portion of TME immune cells. Similar to M1/M2 macrophages, TAMs are also highly plastic, and their functions are regulated by cytokines, chemokines and other factors in the TME. The metabolic changes in TAMs are significantly associated with polarization towards a protumour or antitumour phenotype. The metabolites generated via TAM metabolic reprogramming in turn promote tumor progression and immune tolerance. In this review, we explore the metabolic reprogramming of TAMs in terms of energy, amino acid and fatty acid metabolism and the potential roles of these changes in immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunxu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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15
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Zhang Q, Sioud M. Tumor-Associated Macrophage Subsets: Shaping Polarization and Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7493. [PMID: 37108657 PMCID: PMC10138703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical regulator of tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Among the innate immune cells recruited to the tumor site, macrophages are the most abundant cell population and are present at all stages of tumor progression. They undergo M1/M2 polarization in response to signals derived from TME. M1 macrophages suppress tumor growth, while their M2 counterparts exert pro-tumoral effects by promoting tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to current therapies. Several subsets of the M2 phenotype have been observed, often denoted as M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d. These are induced by different stimuli and differ in phenotypes as well as functions. In this review, we discuss the key features of each M2 subset, their implications in cancers, and highlight the strategies that are being developed to harness TAMs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qindong Zhang
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1068, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mouldy Sioud
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
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16
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Aria H, Rezaei M. Immunogenic cell death inducer peptides: A new approach for cancer therapy, current status and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114503. [PMID: 36921539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) is a type of cell death that kills tumor cells by stimulating the adaptive immune response against other tumor cells. ICD depends on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the secretion of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMP) by the dying tumor cell. DAMPs recruit innate immune cells such as Dendritic Cells (DC), triggering a cancer-specific immune response such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to eliminate remaining cancer cells. ICD is accompanied by several hallmarks in dying cells, such as surface translocation of ER chaperones, calreticulin (CALR), and extracellular secretion of DAMPs such as high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Therapeutic peptides can kill bacteria and tumor cells thus affecting the immune system. They have high specificity and affinity for their targets, small size, appropriate cell membrane penetration, short half-life, and simple production processes. Peptides are interesting agents for immunomodulation since they may overcome the limitations of other therapeutics. Thus, the development of peptides affecting the TME and active antitumoral immunity has been actively pursued. On the other hand, several peptides have been recently identified to trigger ICD and anti-cancer responses. In the present review, we review previous studies on peptide-induced ICD, their mechanism, their targets, and markers. They include anti-microbial peptides (AMPs), cationic or mitochondrial targeting, checkpoint inhibitors, antiapoptotic inhibitors, and "don't eat me" inhibitor peptides. Also, peptides will be investigated potentially inducing ICD that is divided into ER stressors, ATPase inhibitors, and anti-microbial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Aria
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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17
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Liang DS, You WP, Zhu FF, Wang JH, Guo F, Xu JJ, Liu XL, Zhong HJ. Targeted delivery of pexidartinib to tumor-associated macrophages via legumain-sensitive dual-coating nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 226:113283. [PMID: 37030033 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) is regarded as an appealing cell target for cancer immunotherapy. However, it remains challenging to selectively eliminate M2-like TAM in tumor microenvironment. In this work, we employed a legumain-sensitive dual-coating nanosystem (s-Tpep-NPs) to deliver CSF-1R inhibitor pexidartinib (PLX3397) for targeting TAM therapy. The PLX3397-loaded NPs exhibited uniform size of ∼240 nm in diameter, good drug loading capacity and efficiency, as well as sustained drug release profile. Compared to non-sensitive counterpart ns-Tpep-NPs, s-Tpep-NPs showed distinguished selectivity upon M1 and M2 macrophage uptake with relation to incubation time and dose. Besides, the selectivity of anti-proliferation effect was also identified for s-Tpep-NPs against M1 and M2 macrophage. In vivo imaging demonstrated that s-Tpep-NPs exhibited much higher tumoral accumulation and TAM recognition specificity as compared to non-sensitive ns-Tpep-NPs. In vivo efficacy verified that s-Tpep-NPs formulation was much more effective than ns-Tpep-NPs and other PLX3397 formulations to treat B16F10 melanoma via targeting TAM depletion and modulating tumor immune microenvironment. Overall, this study provides a robust and promising nanomedicine strategy for TAM-targeted cancer immunotherapy.
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18
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Chen J, Cong X. Surface-engineered nanoparticles in cancer immune response and immunotherapy: Current status and future prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:113998. [PMID: 36399829 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a therapeutic strategy to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by intervening in the immune response process. Strategies applied to cancer immunotherapy mainly include blocking immune checkpoints, adoptive transfer of engineered immune cells, cytokine therapy, cancer vaccines, and oncolytic virus infection. However, many factors, such as off-target side effects, immunosuppressive cell infiltration and/or upregulation of immune checkpoint expression, cancer cell heterogeneity, and lack of antigen presentation, affect the therapeutic effect of immunotherapy on cancer. To improve the efficacy of targeted immunotherapy and reduce off-target effects, over the past two decades, nanoparticle delivery platforms have been increasingly used in tumor immunotherapy. However, nanoparticles are still subject to biological barriers and biodistribution challenges, which limit their overall clinical potential. This has prompted a series of engineered nanoparticles to overcome specific obstacles and transfer the accumulation of payloads to tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In recent years, new techniques and chemical methods have been employed to modify or functionalize the surfaces of nanoparticles. This review discusses the recent progress of surface-engineered nanoparticles in inducing tumor immune responses and immunotherapy, as well as future directions for the development of next-generation nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiufeng Cong
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China.
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19
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Huang M, Wang R, Li M, Cai H, Tian R. Peptide-Based [ 68Ga]Ga Labeled PET Tracer for Tumor Imaging by Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112511. [PMID: 36432702 PMCID: PMC9697189 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are known to promote cancer development and metastasis. In this study, a TAMs-targeting peptide named M2pep was selected to investigate the feasibility of [68Ga]Ga-labeled M2pep as a noninvasive probe in targeted TAMs imaging. The peptide M2pep was conjugated with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and radiolabeled with 68Ga. The cellular uptake and binding assay were assessed in M2 macrophages and in the B16F10 cell line. Micro-PET imaging and a biodistribution study were performed on B16F10 tumor-bearing mice. High radiochemical purity [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-M2pep (>95%) was prepared and was stabilized in saline and bovine serum at 37 °C for 2 h. In vitro studies demonstrated high uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-M2pep in M2 macrophages, which was effectively blocked by the “cold” M2pep (free peptide). The micro-PET imaging and biodistribution study revealed that [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-M2pep reached the tumor site rapidly and showed high accumulation in the tumor at 1 h post-injection. In addition, the probe was rapidly cleared from the blood and mainly excreted via the kidneys, resulting in a high tumor/background ratio. Preclinical studies have shown that [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-M2pep specifically targets TAMs and might be a promising molecular probe for the noninvasive visualization of TAMs expression.
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20
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Xu S, Zhang X, Zhu X, Su H, Yan X. A combined arsenic trioxide/tetrandrine nanoparticle formulation with improved inhibitory effect against promyelocytic leukemia. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of a Cyclic LyP-1-Modified Nanosystem for Targeted Endostatin Delivery in a KYSE-30 Cell Xenograft Athymic Nude Mice Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030353. [PMID: 35337150 PMCID: PMC8955112 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the use of LyP-1 as a homing peptide for p32 receptor targeting on the surface of an endostatin (ENT)-loaded chitosan-grafted nanosystem intended for intracellular delivery of ENT and mitochondrial targeting in a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line (KYSE-30) model. The angiogenic factors for VEGF-C and MMP2 were assessed with in vivo evaluation of the nanosystem upon ENT release and tumor necrosis in nude mice with a KYSE-30 cell xenograft. The LyP-1-modified nanosystem revealed a three-fold decrease in proliferation at 1000 µg/mL compared with the control and facilitated receptor-mediated cellular uptake and internalization. In addition, targeting of the Lyp-1-functionalized nanosystem to mitochondrial and nuclear proteins in vitro and in vivo was achieved. Up to 60% inhibition of KYSE-30 cell migration was observed and the expressions of VEGF-C and MMP-2 as angiogenic markers were reduced 3- and 2-fold, respectively. A marked reduction in tumor mass was recorded (43.25%) with the control, a 41.36% decrease with the nanoparticles and a 61.01% reduction with the LyP-1-modified nanosystem following treatment in mice. The LyP-1-functionalized nanosystem targeted tumor lymphatics, instigated nuclear rupture and mitochondrial distortion, and decreased cell proliferation and migration with inhibition of VEGF-C and MMP2 expression.
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22
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Vaynrub A, Healey JH, Tap W, Vaynrub M. Pexidartinib in the Management of Advanced Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor: Focus on Patient Selection and Special Considerations. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:53-66. [PMID: 35046667 PMCID: PMC8763255 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s345878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a neoplasm of the joint synovium that can have severe impacts on joint mobility, function, and quality of life. Traditionally, treatment modalities included partial or complete surgical synovectomy, radiotherapy (typically as an adjunct to surgery), and watchful monitoring (no medical or surgical intervention). However, these approaches have been met with varying degrees of success and high recurrence rates, as well as onerous complications and clinical sequelae. Pexidartinib, a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor, presents a promising molecular approach that targets a neoplastic driver of TGCT. While the introduction of pexidartinib allows clinicians to avoid the significant morbidity associated with traditional treatment options, there are also defined risks associated with pexidartinib treatment. Therefore, patient selection is critical in optimizing treatment modalities in TGCT. The purpose of this literature review is to identify the TGCT patient population that would derive maximal benefit with minimal risk from pexidartinib, and to determine the specific indications and contraindications for selecting pexidartinib over other therapeutic approaches. Specifically, this paper compares the efficacy and safety profile of pexidartinib across clinical and preclinical studies to that of surgery, radiotherapy, and watchful monitoring. Rates of improvement in joint mobility, pain, and recurrence-free survival across studies of pexidartinib have been encouraging. The most common adverse events are mild (hypopigmentation of the hair) or reversible (transient aminotransferase elevation). Severe or permanent adverse events (notably cholestatic hepatotoxicity) are rare. While the optimal treatment strategy remains highly dependent on a patient's clinical circumstances and treatment goals, pexidartinib has surfaced as a promising therapeutic in cases where the morbidity of surgery or radiotherapy outweighs the benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vaynrub
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - John H Healey
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - William Tap
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Max Vaynrub
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Al-Shalabi E, Abusulieh S, Hammad AM, Sunoqrot S. Rhoifolin Loaded in PLGA Nanoparticles Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5504-5519. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00309k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhoifolin (ROF) is a bioactive plant flavonoid with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. However, no delivery system has yet been developed for ROF to overcome its biopharmaceutical limitations. The purpose...
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24
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Hourani T, Holden JA, Li W, Lenzo JC, Hadjigol S, O’Brien-Simpson NM. Tumor Associated Macrophages: Origin, Recruitment, Phenotypic Diversity, and Targeting. Front Oncol 2021; 11:788365. [PMID: 34988021 PMCID: PMC8722774 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.788365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is known to have a strong influence on tumorigenesis, with various components being involved in tumor suppression and tumor growth. A protumorigenic TME is characterized by an increased infiltration of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), where their presence is strongly associated with tumor progression, therapy resistance, and poor survival rates. This association between the increased TAMs and poor therapeutic outcomes are stemming an increasing interest in investigating TAMs as a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment. Prominent mechanisms in targeting TAMs include: blocking recruitment, stimulating repolarization, and depletion methods. For enhancing targeting specificity multiple nanomaterials are currently being explored for the precise delivery of chemotherapeutic cargo, including the conjugation with TAM-targeting peptides. In this paper, we provide a focused literature review of macrophage biology in relation to their role in tumorigenesis. First, we discuss the origin, recruitment mechanisms, and phenotypic diversity of TAMs based on recent investigations in the literature. Then the paper provides a detailed review on the current methods of targeting TAMs, including the use of nanomaterials as novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- Antimicrobial, Cancer Therapeutics and Vaccines (ACTV) Research Group, Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, Royal Dental Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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25
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He Y, de Araújo Júnior RF, Cruz LJ, Eich C. Functionalized Nanoparticles Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1670. [PMID: 34683963 PMCID: PMC8540805 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in regulating antitumor immune responses. As an important part of the TME, alternatively activated type 2 (M2) macrophages drive the development of primary and secondary tumors by promoting tumor cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and overall immunosuppression. Immunotherapy approaches targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in order to reduce the immunosuppressive state in the TME have received great attention. Although these methods hold great potential for the treatment of several cancers, they also face some limitations, such as the fast degradation rate of drugs and drug-induced cytotoxicity of organs and tissues. Nanomedicine formulations that prevent TAM signaling and recruitment to the TME or deplete M2 TAMs to reduce tumor growth and metastasis represent encouraging novel strategies in cancer therapy. They allow the specific delivery of antitumor drugs to the tumor area, thereby reducing side effects associated with systemic application. In this review, we give an overview of TAM biology and the current state of nanomedicines that target M2 macrophages in the course of cancer immunotherapy, with a specific focus on nanoparticles (NPs). We summarize how different types of NPs target M2 TAMs, and how the physicochemical properties of NPs (size, shape, charge and targeting ligands) influence NP uptake by TAMs in vitro and in vivo in the TME. Furthermore, we provide a comparative analysis of passive and active NP-based TAM-targeting strategies and discuss their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan He
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Y.H.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Y.H.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59064-720, Brazil
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory (LAICI), Postgraduate Program in Functional and Structural Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59064-720, Brazil
- Percuros B.V., 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luis J. Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Y.H.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
| | - Christina Eich
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Y.H.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
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Qi X, Yan H, Li Y. ATRP-based synthesis of a pH-sensitive amphiphilic block polymer and its self-assembled micelles with hollow mesoporous silica as DOX carriers for controlled drug release. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29986-29996. [PMID: 35480284 PMCID: PMC9040921 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03899k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)-based synthesis of a pH-sensitive fluorescent polymer (PSDMA-b-POEGMA) was successfully prepared using 3,6-dibromo-isobutyramide acridine (DIA), an initiator with a fluorescent chromophore, to initiate a lipophilic monomer 2-styryl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl methacrylate (SDMA) and a hydrophilic monomer oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (OEGMA), which contained a cinnamic aldehyde acetal structure. With the addition of hollow mesoporous silicon (HMS@C18), the pH-sensitive core–shell nanoparticles (HMS@C18@PSDMA-b-POEGMA) were developed via a self-assembly process as carriers for the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) for drug loading and controlled release. The nanocomposites showed a higher drug loading capacity which was much higher than that observed using common micelles. At the same time, the polymer coated on the surface of the nanoparticles contains the fluorescent segment of an initiator, which can be used for fluorescence contrast of the cells. The nanocomposite carrier selectively inhibits human melanoma cell A375 relative to human normal fibroblasts GM. The in vitro results suggested that a smart pH sensitive nanoparticles drug delivery system was successfully prepared for potential applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. A pH-sensitive core–shell nanoparticle (HMS@C18@PSDMA-b-POEGMA) was developed via a self-assembly process as the carrier of anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) for drug loading and controlled release.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Qi
- Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering 33 Gehu Road Changzhou Jiangsu China +86 519 86332160 +86 519 86332160
| | - Hongmei Yan
- Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering 33 Gehu Road Changzhou Jiangsu China +86 519 86332160 +86 519 86332160
| | - Yingxue Li
- Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering 33 Gehu Road Changzhou Jiangsu China +86 519 86332160 +86 519 86332160
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Nanoparticles to Target and Treat Macrophages: The Ockham's Concept? Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091340. [PMID: 34575416 PMCID: PMC8469871 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are nanomaterials with three external nanoscale dimensions and an average size ranging from 1 to 1000 nm. Nanoparticles have gained notoriety in technological advances due to their tunable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. However, the administration of functionalized nanoparticles to living beings is still challenging due to the rapid detection and blood and tissue clearance by the mononuclear phagocytic system. The major exponent of this system is the macrophage. Regardless the nanomaterial composition, macrophages can detect and incorporate foreign bodies by phagocytosis. Therefore, the simplest explanation is that any injected nanoparticle will be probably taken up by macrophages. This explains, in part, the natural accumulation of most nanoparticles in the spleen, lymph nodes, and liver (the main organs of the mononuclear phagocytic system). For this reason, recent investigations are devoted to design nanoparticles for specific macrophage targeting in diseased tissues. The aim of this review is to describe current strategies for the design of nanoparticles to target macrophages and to modulate their immunological function involved in different diseases with special emphasis on chronic inflammation, tissue regeneration, and cancer.
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Delfi M, Sartorius R, Ashrafizadeh M, Sharifi E, Zhang Y, De Berardinis P, Zarrabi A, Varma RS, Tay FR, Smith BR, Makvandi P. Self-assembled peptide and protein nanostructures for anti-cancer therapy: Targeted delivery, stimuli-responsive devices and immunotherapy. NANO TODAY 2021; 38:101119. [PMID: 34267794 PMCID: PMC8276870 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled peptides and proteins possess tremendous potential as targeted drug delivery systems and key applications of these well-defined nanostructures reside in anti-cancer therapy. Peptides and proteins can self-assemble into nanostructures of diverse sizes and shapes in response to changing environmental conditions such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, as well as host and guest molecular interactions; their countless benefits include good biocompatibility and high loading capacity for hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. These self-assembled nanomaterials can be adorned with functional moieties to specifically target tumor cells. Stimuli-responsive features can also be incorporated with respect to the tumor microenvironment. This review sheds light on the growing interest in self-assembled peptides and proteins and their burgeoning applications in cancer treatment and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Delfi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Rossella Sartorius
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 6517838736, Hamadan, Iran
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Yapei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Bryan Ronain Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Imaging Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
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Shi Q, Wu K, Huang X, Xu R, Zhang W, Bai J, Du S, Han N. Tannic acid/Fe3+ complex coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for controlled drug release and combined chemo-photothermal therapy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Liang DS, Wen ZJ, Wang JH, Zhu FF, Guo F, Zhou JL, Xu JJ, Zhong HJ. Legumain protease-sheddable PEGylated, tuftsin-modified nanoparticles for selective targeting to tumor-associated macrophages. J Drug Target 2021; 30:82-93. [PMID: 33775195 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1906886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent an attractive cell target for anticancer therapy. However, selective and efficient targeting of TAMs remains difficult. Here, we constructed a novel dually functionalized nanoparticle platform (s-Tpep-NPs) by surface co-modification of nanoparticles (NPs) with tuftsin (Tpep) and legumain protease-sheddable polyethylene glycol 5k (PEG5k) to achieve selective targeted delivery to TAMs. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiment and in vitro cellular uptake assay confirmed that s-Tpep-NPs can responsively shed PEG5k and transform into active Tpep-NPs upon the cleavage of legumain that is overexpressed on TAM surfaces, which then promotes TAM phagocytosis through Fc receptor-mediated pathways. Owing to the shielding effect by legumain-sheddable PEG5k, s-Tpep-NPs can effectively decrease the Tpep-induced non-specific accumulation in mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) organs during systemic circulation. Moreover, s-Tpep-NPs can significantly enhance the tumoral accumulation and improve the specificity and efficiency of targeting to TAMs, as compared with both controls of Tpep-NPs and non-sheddable ns-Tpep-NPs. Overall, this study provides a robust nanoplatform with a novel avenue for improved selectivity of targeted delivery to TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Sheng Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Zu-Jun Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Fang-Fang Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Feng Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jian-Jun Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, PR China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, PR China
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The prospects of nanotherapeutic approaches for targeting tumor-associated macrophages in oral cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 34:102371. [PMID: 33662592 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma) is currently one of the most formidable cancers plagued by challenges like low overall survivability, lymph node associated metastasis, drug resistance, and poor diagnostics. The tumor microenvironment (TME) and its constituent stromal elements are crucial modulators of tumor growth and treatment response, more specifically so with regards to resident tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and their liaison with the different stromal elements in the tumor niche (Figure 1). Interestingly, there isn't much information on TAM-targeted nanotherapy in OSCC where the first line of therapeutics for oral cancer is surgery with other therapeutics such as chemo- and radiotherapy acting only as adjuvant therapy for oral cancer. In the face of this real time situation, there have been some successful attempts at targeted therapy for OSCC cells and we believe they might elicit favorable responses against TAMs as well. Demanding our immediate attention, this review intends to provide a glimpse of the prevailing anti-TAM treatment strategies, which present great prospect for an uncharted territory like OSCC.
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Hersh J, Broyles D, Capcha JMC, Dikici E, Shehadeh LA, Daunert S, Deo S. Peptide-Modified Biopolymers for Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:229-251. [PMID: 34250454 PMCID: PMC8267604 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric biomaterials have been used in a variety of applications, like cargo delivery and tissue scaffolding, because they are easily synthesized and can be adapted to many systems. However, there is still a need to further enhance and improve their functions to progress their use in the biomedical field. A promising solution is to modify the polymer surfaces with peptides that can increase biocompatibility, cellular interactions, and receptor targeting. In recent years, peptide modifications have been used to overcome many challenges to polymer biomaterial development. This review discusses recent progress in developing peptide-modified polymers for therapeutic applications including cell-specific targeting and tissue engineering. Furthermore, we will explore some of the most frequently studied base components of these biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hersh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - David Broyles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - José Manuel Condor Capcha
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Emre Dikici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Lina A Shehadeh
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Sapna Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
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Furukawa N, Popel AS. Peptides that immunoactivate the tumor microenvironment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188486. [PMID: 33276025 PMCID: PMC8369429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has achieved positive clinical outcomes and is revolutionizing cancer treatment. However, cancer immunotherapy has thus far failed to improve outcomes for most "cold tumors", which are characterized by low infiltration of immune cells and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Enhancing the responsiveness of cold tumors to cancer immunotherapy by stimulating the components of the tumor microenvironment is a strategy pursued in the last decade. Currently, most of the agents used to modify the tumor microenvironment are small molecules or antibodies. Small molecules exhibit low affinity and specificity towards the target and antibodies have shortcomings such as poor tissue penetration and high production cost. Peptides may overcome these drawbacks and therefore are promising materials for immunomodulating agents. Here we systematically summarize the currently developed immunoactivating peptides and discuss the potential of peptide therapeutics in cancer immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Furukawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
| | - Aleksander S Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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Guo N, Zhou Y, Wang T, Lin M, Chen J, Zhang Z, Zhong X, Lu Y, Yang Q, Xu D, Gao J, Han M. Specifically Eliminating Tumor-Associated Macrophages with an Extra- and Intracellular Stepwise-Responsive Nanocarrier for Inhibiting Metastasis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:57798-57809. [PMID: 33325679 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of death for most cancer patients, in which tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are involved through several mechanisms. While hitherto there is still a lack of study on exclusive elimination of TAMs to inhibit metastasis due to the difficulties in specific targeting of TAMs, we construct an extra- and intracellular stepwise-responsive delivery system p-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid (PAMB)/doxorubicin (DOX) to achieve specific TAM depletion for the first time, thereby preventing tumor metastasis. Once accumulated into the tumor, PAMB/DOX would stepwise responsively (hypoxia and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsively) disintegrate to expose the TAM-targeting ligand and release DOX sequentially, which depletes TAMs effectively in vivo. Owing to the inhibition of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, neovascularization, and tumor invasion contributed by TAM depletion, lung metastasis was successfully inhibited. Furthermore, PAMB/DOX showed efficient inhibition against tumor growth as well as spontaneous metastasis formation when combined with additional chemotherapy, representing a safe and efficient nanoplatform to modulate the adverse tumor microenvironment via TAM elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Guo
- Institution of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Institution of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Institution of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengting Lin
- Institution of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiejian Chen
- Institution of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Institution of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xincheng Zhong
- Institution of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiying Lu
- Institution of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiyao Yang
- Institution of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Donghang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institution of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min Han
- Institution of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Li J, Burgess DJ. Nanomedicine-based drug delivery towards tumor biological and immunological microenvironment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:2110-2124. [PMID: 33304781 PMCID: PMC7714990 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex tumor microenvironment is a most important factor in cancer development. The biological microenvironment is composed of a variety of barriers including the extracellular matrix and associated cells such as endothelia cells, pericytes, and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Different strategies can be utilized to enhance nanoparticle-based drug delivery and distribution into tumor tissues addressing the extracellular matrix or cellular components. In addition to the biological microenvironment, the immunological conditions around the tumor tissue can be very complicated and cancer cells have various ways of evading immune surveillance. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems can enhance cancer immunotherapy by tuning the immunological response and memory of various immune cells such as T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. In this review, the main components in the tumor biological and immunological environment are discussed. The focus is on recent advances in nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems towards targets within the tumor microenvironment to improve cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
| | - Diane J. Burgess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
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Inhalable solid lipid nanoparticles for intracellular tuberculosis infection therapy: macrophage-targeting and pH-sensitive properties. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 11:1218-1235. [PMID: 32946043 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is one of the most threatening pathogens for its latent infection in macrophages. The intracellular MTB isolated itself from drugs and could spread via macrophages. Therefore, a mannose-modified macrophage-targeting solid lipid nanoparticle, MAN-IC-SLN, loading the pH-sensitive prodrug of isoniazid (INH), was designed to treat the latent tuberculosis infection. The surface of SLNs was modified by a synthesized 6-octadecylimino-hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentanol (MAN-SA) to target macrophages, and the modified SLNs showed a higher cell uptake in macrophages (97.2%) than unmodified SLNs (42.4%). The prodrug, isonicotinic acid octylidene-hydrazide (INH-CHO), was synthesized to achieve the pH-sensitive release of INH in macrophages. The INH-CHO-loaded SLNs exhibited a pH-sensitive release profile and accomplished a higher accumulated release in pH 5.5 media (82.63 ± 2.12%) compared with the release in pH 7.4 media (58.83 ± 3.84%). Mycobacterium smegmatis was used as a substitute for MTB, and the MAN-IC-SLNs showed a fourfold increase of intracellular antibiotic efficacy and enhanced macrophage uptake because of the pH-sensitive degradation of INH-CHO and MAN-SA in SLNs, respectively. For the in vivo antibiotic efficacy test, the SLNs group displayed an 83% decrease of the colony-forming unit while the free INH group only showed a 60% decrease. The study demonstrates that macrophage targeting and pH-sensitive SLNs can be used as a promising platform for the latent tuberculosis infection. Graphical Abstract Table of contents: Macrophage-targeting and pH-sensitive solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were administrated to the lung via nebulization. Macrophage targeting was achieved by appropriate particle size and surface mannose modification with synthesized MAN-SA. After being swallowed by macrophages, the prodrug, Isonicotinic acid octylidene-hydrazide (INH-CHO), quickly released isoniazid, which was triggered by the intracellular acid environment. The SLNs exhibited higher intracellular antibiotic efficacy due to their macrophage-targeting and pH-sensitive properties.
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Ye J, Yang Y, Jin J, Ji M, Gao Y, Feng Y, Wang H, Chen X, Liu Y. Targeted delivery of chlorogenic acid by mannosylated liposomes to effectively promote the polarization of TAMs for the treatment of glioblastoma. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:694-708. [PMID: 32478203 PMCID: PMC7248290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) generally display an immunosuppressive M2 phenotype and promote tumor progression and metastasis, suggesting their potential value as a target in cancer immunotherapy. Chlorogenic acid (CHA) has been identified as a potent immunomodulator that promotes the polarization of TAMs from an M2 to an M1 phenotype. However, rapid clearance in vivo and low tumor accumulation have compromised the immunotherapeutic efficacy of CHA in clinical trials. In this study, mannosylated liposomes are developed for targeted delivery of CHA to TAMs. The immunoregulatory effects of CHA, along with the overall antitumor efficacy of CHA-encapsulated mannosylated liposomes, are investigated through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The prepared CHA-encapsulated mannosylated liposomes exhibit an ideal particle size, favorable stability, and preferential accumulation in tumors via the mannose receptor-mediated TAMs-targeting effects. Further, CHA-encapsulated mannosylated liposomes inhibit G422 glioma tumor growth by efficiently promoting the polarization of the pro-tumorigenic M2 phenotype to the anti-tumorigenic M1 phenotype. Overall, these findings indicate that CHA-encapsulated mannosylated liposomes have great potential to enhance the immunotherapeutic efficacy of CHA by inducing a shift from the M2 to the M1 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Ming Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Yu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Yuling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
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Sun B, Hyun H, Li LT, Wang AZ. Harnessing nanomedicine to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:970-985. [PMID: 32424240 PMCID: PMC7470849 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has received extensive attention due to its ability to activate the innate or adaptive immune systems of patients to combat tumors. Despite a few clinical successes, further endeavors are still needed to tackle unresolved issues, including limited response rates, development of resistance, and immune-related toxicities. Accumulating evidence has pinpointed the tumor microenvironment (TME) as one of the major obstacles in cancer immunotherapy due to its detrimental impacts on tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Nanomedicine has been battling with the TME in the past several decades, and the experience obtained could be exploited to improve current paradigms of immunotherapy. Here, we discuss the metabolic features of the TME and its influence on different types of immune cells. The recent progress in nanoenabled cancer immunotherapy has been summarized with a highlight on the modulation of immune cells, tumor stroma, cytokines and enzymes to reverse the immunosuppressive TME.
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Quality by design (QbD) approach in processing polymeric nanoparticles loading anticancer drugs by high pressure homogenizer. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03846. [PMID: 32373744 PMCID: PMC7193322 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles prepared using high pressure homogenizer (HPH) present some unique challenges during manufacturing which can be better understood by application of quality by design (QbD) approaches. The present review highlights the ways to identify the critical material attributes which includes the anticancer drugs, polymers, surfactants, solvent system and dispersion system. A comprehensive understanding of the critical processing parameters like pressure and number of cycles during the working of HPH used in putting forward the critical quality attributes such as size, shape, surface charge or droplet stabilization. Such QbD approach will involve development of an effective control strategy for would ensure safe encapsulation of anticancer drugs for successful product development. Proper addressing of the issues related to scaling-up would lead to successful commercialization of the nano-sized formulations loaded with anticancer drugs.
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Trac NT, Chung EJ. Peptide-based targeting of immunosuppressive cells in cancer. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:92-101. [PMID: 31956738 PMCID: PMC6962647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is marked by the infiltration of immunosuppressive cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These cells play a key role in abrogating the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated (CTL) immune response, allowing tumor growth to proceed unabated. Furthermore, targeting these immunosuppressive cells through the use of peptides and peptide-based nanomedicine has shown promising results. Here we review the origins and functions of immunosuppressive cells in cancer progression, peptide-based systems used in their targeting, and explore future avenues of research regarding cancer immunotherapy. The success of these studies demonstrates the importance of the tumor immune microenvironment in the propagation of cancer and the potential of peptide-based nanomaterials as immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah T. Trac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abstract
Peptides, as a large group of molecules, are composed of amino acid residues and can be divided into linear or cyclic peptides according to the structure. Over 13,000 molecules of natural peptides have been found and many of them have been well studied. In artificial peptide libraries, the number of peptide diversity could be up to 1 × 1013. Peptides have more complex structures and higher affinity to target proteins comparing with small molecular compounds. Recently, the development of targeting cancer immune checkpoint (CIP) inhibitors is having a very important role in tumor therapy. Peptides targeting ligands or receptors in CIP have been designed based on three-dimensional structures of target proteins or directly selected by random peptide libraries in biological display systems. Most of these targeting peptides work as inhibitors of protein-protein interaction and improve CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activation in the tumor microenvironment, for example, PKHB1, Ar5Y4 and TPP1. Peptides could be designed to regulate CIP protein degradation in vivo, such as PD-LYSO and PD-PALM. Besides its use in developing therapeutic drugs for targeting CIP, targeting peptides could be used in drug's targeted delivery and diagnosis in tumor immune therapy.
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Guevara ML, Persano F, Persano S. Nano-immunotherapy: Overcoming tumour immune evasion. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 69:238-248. [PMID: 31883449 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is emerging as a groundbreaking cancer treatment, offering the unprecedented opportunity to effectively treat and in several cases, even cure previously untreatable malignancies. Anti-tumour immunotherapies designed to amplify T cell responses against defined tumour antigens have long been considered effective approaches for cancer treatment. Despite a clear rationale behind such immunotherapies, extensive past efforts were unsuccessful in mediating clinically relevant anti-tumour activity in humans. This is mainly because tumours adopt specific mechanisms to circumvent the host´s immunity. Emerging data suggest that the full potential of cancer immunotherapy will be only achieved by combining immunotherapies designed to generate or amplify anti-tumour T cell responses with strategies able to impair key tumour immune-evasion mechanisms. However, many approaches aimed to re-shape the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) are commonly associated with severe systemic toxicity, require frequent administration, and only show modest efficacy in clinical settings. The use of nanodelivery systems is revealing as a valid means to overcome these limitations by improving the targeting efficiency, minimising systemic exposure of immunomodulatory agents, and enabling the development of novel combinatorial immunotherapies. In this review, we examine the emerging field of therapeutic modulation of TIME by the use of nanoparticle-based immunomodulators and potential future directions for TIME-targeting nanotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Guevara
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Persano
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefano Persano
- Formulation Testing & Discovery, BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Mainz, Germany.
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Rajabi M, Godugu K, Sudha T, Bharali DJ, Mousa SA. Triazole Modified Tetraiodothyroacetic Acid Conjugated to Polyethylene Glycol: High Affinity Thyrointegrin α vβ 3 Antagonist with Potent Anticancer Activities in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:3087-3097. [PMID: 31714064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of bioactive molecules that target integrins has implicated their role in tumor angiogenesis, tumor growth, metastasis, and other pathological angiogenesis processes. Integrins are members of a family of cell surface receptors that play a critical role in the angiogenesis process. Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), a deaminated derivative of l-thyroxine (T4), is a "thyrointegrin" antagonist that blocks the actions of l-triiodothyronine (T3) and T4 with an interaction site that is located at or near the RGD recognition site identified on integrin αvβ3's binding pocket (thyrointegrin αvβ3 receptors). We have enhanced the biological activity of a tetrac-based inhibitor via significantly improving its αvβ3 receptor binding affinity by introducing a triazole ring on the outer ring of tetrac and covalently conjugating to polymer to increase the product's hydrophilicity via PEGylation. The product, P-bi-TAT, was restricted from nuclear translocation and demonstrated high blood brain barrier permeability and retention in contrast to the non-PEG conjugated derivative. Results of biological activity indicated that this macromolecule new chemical entity P-bi-TAT has greater than 400-fold potent integrin αvβ3 affinity versus the parent compound tetrac and has potent anticancer/anti-angiogenesis efficacy against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). P-bi-TAT administered subcutaneously once daily for 21 days at 1-10 mg/kg mouse body weight resulted in a dose-dependent suppression of GBM tumor growth and viability as monitored with IVIS imaging (P < 0.001). GBM tumors had >95% volume loss and maximal loss of GBM cell viability during the 21 days ON-treatment experiment as well as in the 21 days ON followed by 21 days OFF-treatment experiment (P < 0.001). In conclusion, P-bi-TAT is a promising lead clinical candidate effective in the treatment of human GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rajabi
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute , Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Rensselaer , New York 12144 , United States
| | - Kavitha Godugu
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute , Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Rensselaer , New York 12144 , United States
| | - Thangirala Sudha
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute , Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Rensselaer , New York 12144 , United States
| | - Dhruba J Bharali
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute , Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Rensselaer , New York 12144 , United States
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute , Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Rensselaer , New York 12144 , United States
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Hujaya SD, Manninen A, Kling K, Wagner JB, Vainio SJ, Liimatainen H. Self-assembled nanofibrils from RGD-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals to improve the performance of PEI/DNA polyplexes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 553:71-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Raju GSR, Dariya B, Mungamuri SK, Chalikonda G, Kang SM, Khan IN, Sushma PS, Nagaraju GP, Pavitra E, Han YK. Nanomaterials multifunctional behavior for enlightened cancer therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 69:178-189. [PMID: 31419527 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is an outrageous disease with uncontrolled differentiation, growth, and migration to the other parts of the body. It is the second-most common cause of death both in the U.S. and worldwide. Current conventional therapies, though much improved and with better prognosis, have several limitations. Chemotherapeutic agents, for instance, are cytotoxic to both tumor and healthy cells, and the non-specific distribution of drugs at tumor sites limits the dose administered. Nanotechnology, which evolved from the coalescence and union of varied scientific disciplines, is a novel science that has been the focus of much research. This technology is generating more effective cancer therapies to overcome biomedical and biophysical barriers against standard interventions in the body; its unique magnetic, electrical, and structural properties make it a promising tool. This article reviews endogenous- and exogenous-based stimulus-responsive drug delivery systems designed to overcome the limitations of conventional therapies. The article also summarizes the study of nanomaterials, including polymeric, gold, silver, magnetic, and quantum dot nanoparticles. Though an array of drug delivery systems has so far been proposed, there remain many challenges and concerns that should be addressed in order to fill the gaps in the field. Prominence is given to drug delivery systems that employ external- and internal-based stimuli and that are emerging as promising tools for cancer therapeutics in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganji Seeta Rama Raju
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Begum Dariya
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Vanasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Mungamuri
- Ramanujan Fellow, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrtion, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Gayathri Chalikonda
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sung-Min Kang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ishaq N Khan
- Neurooncology & Oncomedicine Research Group, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25100, Pakistan
| | - Pinninti Santosh Sushma
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, 520 008, India
| | - Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Eluri Pavitra
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
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In-vitro and in-vivo difference in gene delivery by lithocholic acid-polyethyleneimine conjugate. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119296. [PMID: 31254934 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is widely used for the delivery of nucleic acids, but its clinical application is limited due to high cytotoxicity and instability in biological fluids. To overcome these challenges, linear PEI (2.5 kDa) was modified with lithocholic acid (LCA) to produce a LCA-PEI conjugate (lp), and its complex with plasmid DNA (pDNA) was covered with hyaluronic acid (HA). Ternary complexes of pDNA, lp, and HA ("DlpH") were prepared in different ratios and tested in cells and tumor-bearing mice for gene transfection efficiency. DlpH with a relatively high lp/pDNA ratio (Hi-DlpH) was more resistant to DNase and heparin treatment and showed more efficient gene transfection than DlpH with a lower lp/pDNA ratio (Lo-DlpH) in vitro. In contrast, Hi- and Lo-DlpH showed distinct transfection efficiency in vivo in a tumor-size dependent manner, where Hi-DlpH showed relatively high gene transfection in tumors of <300 mm3 but performed poorly in tumors of >500 mm3 and Lo-DlpH did the opposite. Tumor-associated macrophages, which increase with tumor growth and preferentially intercept Hi-DlpH, may account for the poor performance of Hi-DlpH in relatively large tumors. Accordingly, suggestions are made for future in vitro screening of new gene formulations to better predict their in vivo performances.
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