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Wu X, Cheng C, Ma R, Xu J, Ma C, Zhu Y, Ren Y. Genome-wide identification, expression analysis, and functional study of the bZIP transcription factor family and its response to hormone treatments in pea (Pisum sativum L.). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:705. [PMID: 37993794 PMCID: PMC10666455 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein is a plant-specific transcription factor involved in various biological processes, including light signaling, seed maturation, flower development, cell elongation, seed accumulation protein, and abiotic and biological stress responses. However, little is known about the pea bZIP family. RESULTS In this study, we identified 87 bZIP genes in pea, named PsbZIP1 ~ PsbZIP87, via homology analysis using Arabidopsis. The genes were divided into 12 subfamilies and distributed unevenly in 7 pea chromosomes. PsbZIPs in the same subfamily contained similar intron/exon organization and motif composition. 1 tandem repeat event and 12 segmental duplication events regulated the expansion of the PsbZIP gene family. To better understand the evolution of the PsbZIP gene family, we conducted collinearity analysis using Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa Japonica, Fagopyrum tataricum, Solanum lycopersicum, Vitis vinifera, and Brachypodium distachyon as the related species of pea. In addition, interactions between PsbZIP proteins and promoters containing hormone- and stress-responsive cis-acting elements suggest that the regulation of PsbZIP expression was complex. We also evaluated the expression patterns of bZIP genes in different tissues and at different fruit development stages, all while subjecting them to five hormonal treatments. CONCLUSION These results provide a deeper understanding of PsbZIP gene family evolution and resources for the molecular breeding of pea. The findings suggested that PsbZIP genes, specifically PSbZIP49, play key roles in the development of peas and their response to various hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozong Wu
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhe Cheng
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., LTD, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Xu
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Ma
- College of Medical Technology, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Yutao Zhu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 462500, China.
- Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, Henan, China.
| | - Yanyan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Cheng C, An L, Li F, Ahmad W, Aslam M, Ul Haq MZ, Yan Y, Ahmad RM. Wide-Range Portrayal of AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Family in Maize ( Zea mays L.) Development and Stress Responses. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:194. [PMID: 36672935 PMCID: PMC9859492 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Transcriptional Factors containing conservative AP2/ERF domains constituted a plant-specific transcription factor (TF) superfamily, called AP2/ERF. The configuration of the AP2/ERF superfamily in maize has remained unresolved. In this study, we identified the 229 AP2/ERF genes in the latest (B73 RefGen_v5) maize reference genome. Phylogenetic classification of the ZmAP2/ERF family members categorized it into five clades, including 27 AP2 (APETALA2), 5 RAV (Related to ABI3/VP), 89 DREB (dehydration responsive element binding), 105 ERF (ethylene responsive factors), and a soloist. The duplication events of the paralogous genes occurred from 1.724-25.855 MYA, a key route to maize evolution. Structural analysis reveals that they have more introns and few exons. The results showed that 32 ZmAP2/ERFs regulate biotic stresses, and 24 ZmAP2/ERFs are involved in responses towards abiotic stresses. Additionally, the expression analysis showed that DREB family members are involved in plant sex determination. The real-time quantitative expression profiling of ZmAP2/ERFs in the leaves of the maize inbred line B73 under ABA, JA, salt, drought, heat, and wounding stress revealed their specific expression patterns. Conclusively, this study unveiled the evolutionary pathway of ZmAP2/ERFs and its essential role in stress and developmental processes. The generated information will be useful for stress resilience maize breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Likun An
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Fangzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wahaj Ahmad
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22020, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia Ul Haq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Yuanxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ramala Masood Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
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Aslam MM, Deng L, Meng J, Wang Y, Pan L, Niu L, Lu Z, Cui G, Zeng W, Wang Z. Characterization and expression analysis of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors responsive to chilling injury in peach fruit. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:361-376. [PMID: 36334232 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peach (Prunus persica L.) is prone to chilling injury as exhibited by inhibition of the ethylene production, failure in softening, and the manifestation of internal browning. The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors play an essential role in regulatory networks that control many processes associated with physiological, abiotic and biotic stress responses in fruits. Formerly, the underlying molecular and regulatory mechanism of (bZIP) transcription factors responsive to chilling injury in peach fruit is still elusive. METHODS AND RESULTS In the current experiment, the solute peach 'Zhongyou Peach No. 13' was used as the test material and cold storage at low temperature (4 °C). It was found that long-term low-temperature storage induced the production of ethylene, the hardness of the pulp decreased, and the low temperature also induced ABA accumulation. The changes of ABA and ethylene in peach fruits during low-temperature storage were clarified. Since the bZIP transcription factor is involved in the regulation of downstream pathways of ABA signals, 47 peach bZIP transcription factor family genes were identified through bioinformatics analysis. Further based on RT-qPCR analysis, 18 PpbZIP genes were discovered to be expressed in refrigerated peach fruits. Among them, the expression of PpbZIP23 and PpbZIP25 was significantly reduced during the refrigeration process, the promoter analysis of these genes found that this region contains the MYC/MYB/ABRES binding element, but not the DRES/CBFS element, indicating that the expression may be regulated by the ABA-dependent cold induction pathway, thereby responding to chilling injury in peach fruit. CONCLUSIONS Over investigation will provide new insights for further postharvest protocols related to molecular changes during cold storage and will prove a better cope for chilling injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Muzammal Aslam
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Deng
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, People's Republic of China
| | - Junren Meng
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Pan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Niu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, People's Republic of China
| | - Guochao Cui
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Zeng
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu J, Wang WS, Yan DW, Hong LW, Li TT, Gao X, Yang YH, Ren F, Lu YT, Yuan TT. CK2 promotes jasmonic acid signaling response by phosphorylating MYC2 in Arabidopsis. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 51:619-630. [PMID: 36546827 PMCID: PMC9881174 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) signaling plays a pivotal role in plant development and defense. MYC2 is a master transcription factor in JA signaling, and was found to be phosphorylated and negatively regulated by MAP kinase and receptor-like kinase. However, the kinases that positively regulate MYC2 through phosphorylation and promote MYC2-mediated activation of JA response have not been identified. Here, we identified CK2 as a kinase that phosphorylates MYC2 and thus regulates the JA signaling. CK2 holoenzyme can interact with MYC2 using its regulatory subunits and phosphorylate MYC2 at multiple sites with its catalytic subunits. Inhibition of CK2 activity in a dominant-negative plant line, CK2mut, repressed JA response. On the other hand, increasing CK2 activity by overexpression of CKB4, a regulatory subunit gene of CK2, enhanced JA response in a MYC2-dependent manner. Substitution of the Ser and Thr residues at phosphorylation sites of MYC2 by CK2 with Ala impaired MYC2 function in activating JA response. Further investigations evidenced that CK2 facilitated the JA-induced increase of MYC2 binding to the promoters of JA-responsive genes in vivo. Our study demonstrated that CK2 plays a positive role in JA signaling, and reveals a previously undiscovered mechanism that regulates MYC2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Da-Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Li-Wei Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yun-Huang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Ying-Tang Lu. Tel: +86 27 68752619; Fax: +86 27 68753551;
| | - Ting-Ting Yuan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 27 68752619; Fax: +86 27 68753551;
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Zhang M, Liu L, Chen C, Zhao Y, Pang C, Chen M. Heterologous expression of a Fraxinus velutina SnRK2 gene in Arabidopsis increases salt tolerance by modifying root development and ion homeostasis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1895-1906. [PMID: 35794394 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
FvSnRK2182 is involved in regulating the growth and stress response. SnRK2 family members are positive regulators of downstream signals in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, playing key roles in the plant responses to abiotic stresses. Fraxinus velutina Torr. is a candidate phytoremediator of saline-alkali areas, and is a valuable research subject because of its adaptability in saline soil. We identified a SnRK2 gene in F. velutina (named FvSnRK2182), which was significantly upregulated under salt stress. A bioinformatics analysis showed that FvSnRK2182 has a Ser/Thr kinase domain typical of the SnRK2 subfamily. Compared with wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis, its heterologous expression in Arabidopsis resulted in higher auxin content during seed germination and seedling growth, leading to longer primary roots and more lateral roots. The transgenic lines were better able to tolerate treatments with NaCl (100 mM) and/or ABA (0.2 and 0.5 µM), producing a greater biomass than the WT plants. Under NaCl treatment, the shoots of the transgenic lines had lower Na+ contents and higher K+ contents than the WT plants, and the genes encoding the ion transport-related proteins SOS1, HKT1, NHX1, and AKT1 were significantly upregulated. In addition, the expression of the genes functioning downstream of SnRK2 in the ABA signaling pathway (Rboh, AREB4, ABF2, and ABF3) were significantly upregulated in transgenic lines under NaCl stress. These results showed that expressing FvSnRK2182 in Arabidopsis significantly increased their resistance to ABA and salt stress by regulating root development and maintaining ion homeostasis, which suggests that FvSnRK2182 may be involved in regulating the growth and stress response of F. velutina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Li Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chunxiao Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Caihong Pang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetic Improvement, Shandong Academy of Forestry, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Min Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying, 257000, China.
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6
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Wang G, Gao G, Yang X, Yang X, Ma P. Casein kinase CK2 structure and activities in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 276:153767. [PMID: 35841742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Casein kinase CK2 is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase and exists in all eukaryotes. It has been demonstrated to be widely involved in the biological processes of plants. The CK2 holoenzyme is a heterotetramer consisting of two catalytic subunits (α and/or α') and two regulatory subunits (β). CK2 in plants is generally encoded by multiple genes, with monomeric and oligomeric forms present in the tissue. Various subunit genes of CK2 have been cloned and characterized from Arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco, maize, wheat, tomato, and other plants. This paper reviews the structural features of CK2, provides a clear classification of its physiological functions and mechanisms of action, and elaborates on the regulation of CK2 activity to provide a knowledge base for subsequent studies of CK2 in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanfeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Geling Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiangna Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Pengda Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Liu XW, Wang YH, Shen SK. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the altitude adaptability and evolution of different-colored flowers in alpine Rhododendron species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1100-1113. [PMID: 34850945 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary process of plant adaptation to the heterogeneous environment caused by altitude gradients in plateau mountain ecosystems can provide novel insight into species' responses to global changes. Flower color is the most conspicuous and highly diverse trait in nature. Herein, the gene expression patterns, evolutionary adaptation and metabolites changes of different-colored flowers of alpine Rhododendron L. species along altitude gradients were investigated based on a combined analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics. Differentially expressed genes were found to be related to the biosynthesis of carbohydrates, fatty acids, amino acids and flavonoids, suggesting their important roles in the altitude adaptability of Rhododendron species. The evolution rate of high-altitude species was faster than that of low-altitude species. Genes related to DNA repair, mitogen-activated protein kinase and ABA signal transduction, and lipoic acid and propanoate metabolism were positively selected in the flowers of high-altitude Rhododendron species and those associated with carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, ABA signal transduction and ethylene signal transduction were positively selected in low-altitude species. These results indicated that the genes with differentiated expressions or functions exhibit varying evolution during the adaptive divergence of heterogeneous environment caused by altitude gradients. Flower-color variation might be attributed to the significant differences in gene expression or metabolites related to sucrose, flavonoids and carotenoids at the transcription or metabolism levels of Rhododendron species. This work suggests that Rhododendron species have multiple molecular mechanisms in their adaptation to changing environments caused by altitude gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Wen Liu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, No.2 Green lake North road Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Yue-Hua Wang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, No.2 Green lake North road Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Shi-Kang Shen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, No.2 Green lake North road Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, No.2 Green lake North road Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, No.2 Green lake North road Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
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Ma M, Chen Q, Dong H, Zhang S, Huang X. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the bZIP transcription factors, and functional analysis in response to drought and cold stresses in pear (Pyrus breschneideri). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:583. [PMID: 34886805 PMCID: PMC8656046 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factors (TFs) are involved in many important biological processes, including cell stretching, histological differentiation, metabolic activity, seed storage, gene regulation, and response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Little is known about the functions, evolutionary history, and expression patterns of basic region-leucine zipper TF family genes in pear, despite the release of the genome of Chinese white pears ("Dangshansuli"). RESULTS Overall, 92 bZIP genes were identified in the pear genome (Pyrus breschneideri). Of these, 83 were randomly distributed on all 17 chromosomes except chromosome 4, and the other 9 genes were located on loose scaffolding. The genes were divided into 14 subgroups. Whole-genome duplications, dispersed duplication, and purifying selection for whole-genome duplications are the main reasons for the expansion of the PbrbZIP gene family. The analysis of functional annotation enrichment indicated that most of the functions of PbrbZIP genes were enriched in Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways involved in the abiotic stress response. Next, expression analysis and virus-induced gene silencing results indicated that PbrbZIP genes might play critical roles in response to drought and cold stresses, especially for the genes from subgroups A, C, G, I, and S. CONCLUSIONS Ninety-two PbrbZIP genes were identified from the pear genome and classified into 14 subgroups. PbrbZIP genes were mainly expanded from whole-genome duplications and dispersed duplications and retained by purifying selection. PbrbZIP genes were induced by cold and drought stresses and played important roles in drought and cold tolerance. These results provided useful information for further increasing the tolerance of pears to stresses and a foundation to study the cold and drought tolerance mechanism of PbrbZIP genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huizhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaosan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Manzoor MA, Manzoor MM, Li G, Abdullah M, Han W, Wenlong H, Shakoor A, Riaz MW, Rehman S, Cai Y. Genome-wide identification and characterization of bZIP transcription factors and their expression profile under abiotic stresses in Chinese pear (Pyrus bretschneideri). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:413. [PMID: 34503442 PMCID: PMC8427902 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants, basic leucine zipper transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in multiple biological processes such as anthesis, fruit growth & development and stress responses. However, systematic investigation and characterization of bZIP-TFs remain unclear in Chinese white pear. Chinese white pear is a fruit crop that has important nutritional and medicinal values. RESULTS In this study, 62 bZIP genes were comprehensively identified from Chinese Pear, and 54 genes were distributed among 17 chromosomes. Frequent whole-genome duplication (WGD) and dispersed duplication (DSD) were the major driving forces underlying the bZIP gene family in Chinese white pear. bZIP-TFs are classified into 13 subfamilies according to the phylogenetic tree. Subsequently, purifying selection plays an important role in the evolution process of PbbZIPs. Synteny analysis of bZIP genes revealed that 196 orthologous gene pairs were identified between Pyrus bretschneideri, Fragaria vesca, Prunus mume, and Prunus persica. Moreover, cis-elements that respond to various stresses and hormones were found on the promoter regions of PbbZIP, which were induced by stimuli. Gene structure (intron/exon) and different compositions of motifs revealed that functional divergence among subfamilies. Expression pattern of PbbZIP genes differential expressed under hormonal treatment abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and methyl jasmonate in pear fruits by real-time qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, a systematic analysis of gene structure, motif composition, subcellular localization, synteny analysis, and calculation of synonymous (Ks) and non-synonymous (Ka) was performed in Chinese white pear. Sixty-two bZIP-TFs in Chinese pear were identified, and their expression profiles were comprehensively analyzed under ABA, SA, and MeJa hormones, which respond to multiple abiotic stresses and fruit growth and development. PbbZIP gene occurred through Whole-genome duplication and dispersed duplication events. These results provide a basic framework for further elucidating the biological function characterizations under multiple developmental stages and abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guohui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Wang Han
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Han Wenlong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Avinguda Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Shamsur Rehman
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongping Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Joo H, Baek W, Lim CW, Lee SC. Post-translational Modifications of bZIP Transcription Factors in Abscisic Acid Signaling and Drought Responses. Curr Genomics 2021; 22:4-15. [PMID: 34045920 PMCID: PMC8142349 DOI: 10.2174/1389202921999201130112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Under drought stress, plants have developed various mechanisms to survive in the reduced water supply, of which the regulation of stress-related gene expression is responsible for several transcription factors. The basic leucine zippers (bZIPs) are one of the largest and most diverse transcription factor families in plants. Among the 10 Arabidopsis bZIP groups, group A bZIP transcription factors function as a positive or negative regulator in ABA signal transduction and drought stress response. These bZIP transcription factors, which are involved in the drought response, have also been isolated in various plant species such as rice, pepper, potato, and maize. Recent studies have provided substantial evidence that many bZIP transcription factors undergo the post-translational modifications, through which the regulation of their activity or stability affects plant responses to various intracellular or extracellular stimuli. This review aims to address the modulation of the bZIP proteins in ABA signaling and drought responses through phosphorylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunhee Joo
- Department of Life Science (BK21 Program), Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonhee Baek
- Department of Life Science (BK21 Program), Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Woo Lim
- Department of Life Science (BK21 Program), Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lee
- Department of Life Science (BK21 Program), Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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The gynoecious CmWIP1 transcription factor interacts with CmbZIP48 to inhibit carpel development. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15443. [PMID: 31659221 PMCID: PMC6817838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In angiosperms, sex determination leads to development of unisexual flowers. In Cucumis melo, development of unisexual male flowers results from the expression of the sex determination gene, CmWIP1, in carpel primordia. To bring new insight on the molecular mechanisms through which CmWIP1 leads to carpel abortion in male flowers, we used the yeast two-hybrid approach to look for CmWIP1-interacting proteins. We found that CmWIP1 physically interacts with an S2 bZIP transcription factor, CmbZIP48. We further determined the region mediating the interaction and showed that it involves the N-terminal part of CmWIP1. Using laser capture microdissection coupled with quantitative real-time gene expression analysis, we demonstrated that CmWIP1 and CmbZIP48 share a similar spatiotemporal expression pattern, providing the plant organ context for the CmWIP1-CmbZIP48 protein interaction. Using sex transition mutants, we demonstrated that the expression of the male promoting gene CmWIP1 correlates with the expression of CmbZIP48. Altogether, our data support a model in which the coexpression and the physical interaction of CmWIP1 and CmbZIP48 trigger carpel primordia abortion, leading to the development of unisexual male flowers.
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Wegary D, Teklewold A, Prasanna BM, Ertiro BT, Alachiotis N, Negera D, Awas G, Abakemal D, Ogugo V, Gowda M, Semagn K. Molecular diversity and selective sweeps in maize inbred lines adapted to African highlands. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13490. [PMID: 31530852 PMCID: PMC6748982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known on maize germplasm adapted to the African highland agro-ecologies. In this study, we analyzed high-density genotyping by sequencing (GBS) data of 298 African highland adapted maize inbred lines to (i) assess the extent of genetic purity, genetic relatedness, and population structure, and (ii) identify genomic regions that have undergone selection (selective sweeps) in response to adaptation to highland environments. Nearly 91% of the pairs of inbred lines differed by 30-36% of the scored alleles, but only 32% of the pairs of the inbred lines had relative kinship coefficient <0.050, which suggests the presence of substantial redundancy in allelic composition that may be due to repeated use of fewer genetic backgrounds (source germplasm) during line development. Results from different genetic relatedness and population structure analyses revealed three different groups, which generally agrees with pedigree information and breeding history, but less so by heterotic groups and endosperm modification. We identified 944 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers that fell within 22 selective sweeps that harbored 265 protein-coding candidate genes of which some of the candidate genes had known functions. Details of the candidate genes with known functions and differences in nucleotide diversity among groups predicted based on multivariate methods have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagne Wegary
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) - Ethiopia Office, ILRI Campus, CMC Road, Gurd Sholla, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adefris Teklewold
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) - Ethiopia Office, ILRI Campus, CMC Road, Gurd Sholla, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Boddupalli M Prasanna
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, P.O. Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Berhanu T Ertiro
- Bako National Maize Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nikolaos Alachiotis
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Demewez Negera
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) - Ethiopia Office, ILRI Campus, CMC Road, Gurd Sholla, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Geremew Awas
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) - Ethiopia Office, ILRI Campus, CMC Road, Gurd Sholla, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Demissew Abakemal
- Ambo Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 37, West Shoa, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Veronica Ogugo
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, P.O. Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Manje Gowda
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, P.O. Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kassa Semagn
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, P.O. Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), M'bé Research Station, 01 B.P. 2551, Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire.
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Cao L, Lu X, Zhang P, Wang G, Wei L, Wang T. Systematic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Maize ZmbZIP Genes between Drought and Rewatering Transcriptome Reveals bZIP Family Members Involved in Abiotic Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174103. [PMID: 31443483 PMCID: PMC6747360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family of transcription factors (TFs) regulate diverse phenomena during plant growth and development and are involved in stress responses and hormone signaling. However, only a few bZIPs have been functionally characterized. In this paper, 54 maize bZIP genes were screened from previously published drought and rewatering transcriptomes. These genes were divided into nine groups in a phylogenetic analysis, supported by motif and intron/exon analyses. The 54 genes were unevenly distributed on 10 chromosomes and contained 18 segmental duplications, suggesting that segmental duplication events have contributed to the expansion of the maize bZIP family. Spatio-temporal expression analyses showed that bZIP genes are widely expressed during maize development. We identified 10 core ZmbZIPs involved in protein transport, transcriptional regulation, and cellular metabolism by principal component analysis, gene co-expression network analysis, and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. In addition, 15 potential stress-responsive ZmbZIPs were identified by expression analyses. Localization analyses showed that ZmbZIP17, -33, -42, and -45 are nuclear proteins. These results provide the basis for future functional genomic studies on bZIP TFs in maize and identify candidate genes with potential applications in breeding/genetic engineering for increased stress resistance. These data represent a high-quality molecular resource for selecting resistant breeding materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liru Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Grain Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Grain Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pengyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guorui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Li Wei
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Tongchao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Liu M, Wen Y, Sun W, Ma Z, Huang L, Wu Q, Tang Z, Bu T, Li C, Chen H. Genome-wide identification, phylogeny, evolutionary expansion and expression analyses of bZIP transcription factor family in tartaty buckwheat. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:483. [PMID: 31185893 PMCID: PMC6560858 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In reported plants, the bZIP family is one of the largest transcription factor families. bZIP genes play roles in the light signal, seed maturation, flower development, cell elongation, seed accumulation protein, abiotic and biological stress and other biological processes. While, no detailed identification and genome-wide analysis of bZIP family genes in Fagopyum talaricum (tartary buckwheat) has previously been published. The recently reported genome sequence of tartary buckwheat provides theoretical basis for us to study and discuss the characteristics and expression of bZIP genes in tartary buckwheat based on the whole genome. Results In this study, 96 FtbZIP genes named from FtbZIP1 to FtbZIP96 were identified and divided into 11 subfamilies according to their genetic relationship with 70 bZIPs of A. thaliana. FtbZIP genes are not evenly distributed on the chromosomes, and we found tandem and segmental duplication events of FtbZIP genes on 8 tartary buckwheat chromosomes. According to the results of gene and motif composition, FtbZIP located in the same group contained analogous intron/exon organizations and motif composition. By qRT-PCR, we quantified the expression of FtbZIP members in stem, root, leaf, fruit, and flower and during fruit development. Exogenous ABA treatment increased the weight of tartary buckwheat fruit and changed the expressions of FtbZIP genes in group A. Conclusions Through our study, we identified 96 FtbZIP genes in tartary buckwheat and synthetically further analyzed the structure composition, evolution analysis and expression pattern of FtbZIP proteins. The expression pattern indicates that FtbZIP is important in the course of plant growth and development of tartary buckwheat. Through comprehensively analyzing fruit weight and FtbZIP genes expression after ABA treatment and endogenous ABA content of tartary buckwheat fruit, ABA may regulate downstream gene expression by regulating the expression of FtPinG0003523300.01 and FtPinG0003196200.01, thus indirectly affecting the fruit development of tartary buckwheat. This will help us to further study the function of FtbZIP genes in the tartary buckwheat growth and improve the fruit of tartary buckwheat. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5882-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyang Liu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Life Science, Ya'an, China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Agriculture and Biolog, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongdi Wen
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Life Science, Ya'an, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Life Science, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhaotang Ma
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Life Science, Ya'an, China
| | - Li Huang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Life Science, Ya'an, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Life Science, Ya'an, China
| | - Zizhong Tang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Life Science, Ya'an, China
| | - Tongliang Bu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Life Science, Ya'an, China
| | - Chenglei Li
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Life Science, Ya'an, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Life Science, Ya'an, China.
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Analysis of bZIP Transcription Factor Family and Their Expressions under Salt Stress in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092800. [PMID: 30227676 PMCID: PMC6164503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic leucine-region zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) act as crucial regulators in various biological processes and stress responses in plants. Currently, bZIP family members and their functions remain elusive in the green unicellular algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, an important model organism for molecular investigation with genetic engineering aimed at increasing lipid yields for better biodiesel production. In this study, a total of 17 C. reinhardtii bZIP (CrebZIP) TFs containing typical bZIP structure were identified by a genome-wide analysis. Analysis of the CrebZIP protein physicochemical properties, phylogenetic tree, conserved domain, and secondary structure were conducted. CrebZIP gene structures and their chromosomal assignment were also analyzed. Physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of C. reinhardtii under salt stress were exhibited as lower cell growth and weaker photosynthesis, but increased lipid accumulation. Meanwhile, the expression profiles of six CrebZIP genes were induced to change significantly during salt stress, indicating that certain CrebZIPs may play important roles in mediating photosynthesis and lipid accumulation of microalgae in response to stresses. The present work provided a valuable foundation for functional dissection of CrebZIPs, benefiting the development of better strategies to engineer the regulatory network in microalgae for enhancing biofuel and biomass production.
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Noman A, Liu Z, Aqeel M, Zainab M, Khan MI, Hussain A, Ashraf MF, Li X, Weng Y, He S. Basic leucine zipper domain transcription factors: the vanguards in plant immunity. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:1779-1791. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Zhang M, Song X, Lv K, Yao Y, Gong Z, Zheng C. Differential proteomic analysis revealing the ovule abortion in the female-sterile line of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 260:31-49. [PMID: 28554473 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ovule abortion affects the yield and quality of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. seeds. Research into ovule abortion has importance for improving the seed setting rate and establishing artificial seed production techniques. Fertile line (FL) ovules (FL-E) and sterile line (SL) ovules (SL-E) in the early stage of free nuclear mitosis of megagametophyte (FNMM), FL ovules (FL-L) and SL ovules (SL-L) in the late stage of FNMM of P. tabulaeformis were collected as materials. 4192 proteins were identified by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based analysis. Bioinformatics analysis implied that in SL ovules, substances and energy might be deficient, perhaps leading to abnormal DNA replication. Because the incomplete antioxidant system and the abnormal expression levels of enzymes involved in cell signal transduction, DNA DSBs probably occurs. Facing the abnormities of DNA replication and damage, the cell cycle was arrested and the DNA damage failed to be repaired, potentially resulting in the occurrence of PCD. Taken together, an inference can be drawn from our study - substance and energy deficiencies, reactive oxygen stress, and the failure of both cell cycle progression and DNA damage repair, which possibly hinder FNMM, leading to ovule abortion in the female-sterile line of P. tabulaeformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qing Hua Dong Lu, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoxin Song
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qing Hua Dong Lu, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kun Lv
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qing Hua Dong Lu, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang Yao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qing Hua Dong Lu, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zaixin Gong
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qing Hua Dong Lu, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Caixia Zheng
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qing Hua Dong Lu, Beijing, 100083, China.
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18
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Zhao J, Guo R, Guo C, Hou H, Wang X, Gao H. Evolutionary and Expression Analyses of the Apple Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor Family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:376. [PMID: 27066030 PMCID: PMC4811886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play essential roles in the regulatory networks controlling many developmental processes in plants. Members of the basic leucine (Leu) zipper (bZIP) TF family, which is unique to eukaryotes, are involved in regulating diverse processes, including flower and vascular development, seed maturation, stress signaling, and defense responses to pathogens. The bZIP proteins have a characteristic bZIP domain composed of a DNA-binding basic region and a Leu zipper dimerization region. In this study, we identified 112 apple (Malus domestica Borkh) bZIP TF-encoding genes, termed MdbZIP genes. Synteny analysis indicated that segmental and tandem duplication events, as well as whole genome duplication, have contributed to the expansion of the apple bZIP family. The family could be divided into 11 groups based on structural features of the encoded proteins, as well as on the phylogenetic relationship of the apple bZIP proteins to those of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (AtbZIP genes). Synteny analysis revealed that several paired MdbZIP genes and AtbZIP gene homologs were located in syntenic genomic regions. Furthermore, expression analyses of group A MdbZIP genes showed distinct expression levels in 10 different organs. Moreover, changes in these expression profiles in response to abiotic stress conditions and various hormone treatments identified MdbZIP genes that were responsive to high salinity and drought, as well as to different phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Rongrong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Hongmin Hou
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Xiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- *Correspondence: Xiping Wang
| | - Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Hua Gao
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Yousfi FE, Makhloufi E, Marande W, Ghorbel AW, Bouzayen M, Bergès H. Comparative Analysis of WRKY Genes Potentially Involved in Salt Stress Responses in Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:2034. [PMID: 28197152 PMCID: PMC5281569 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors are involved in multiple aspects of plant growth, development and responses to biotic stresses. Although they have been found to play roles in regulating plant responses to environmental stresses, these roles still need to be explored, especially those pertaining to crops. Durum wheat is the second most widely produced cereal in the world. Complex, large and unsequenced genomes, in addition to a lack of genomic resources, hinder the molecular characterization of tolerance mechanisms. This paper describes the isolation and characterization of five TdWRKY genes from durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum). A PCR-based screening of a T. turgidum BAC genomic library using primers within the conserved region of WRKY genes resulted in the isolation of five BAC clones. Following sequencing fully the five BACs, fine annotation through Triannot pipeline revealed 74.6% of the entire sequences as transposable elements and a 3.2% gene content with genes organized as islands within oceans of TEs. Each BAC clone harbored a TdWRKY gene. The study showed a very extensive conservation of genomic structure between TdWRKYs and their orthologs from Brachypodium, barley, and T. aestivum. The structural features of TdWRKY proteins suggested that they are novel members of the WRKY family in durum wheat. TdWRKY1/2/4, TdWRKY3, and TdWRKY5 belong to the group Ia, IIa, and IIc, respectively. Enrichment of cis-regulatory elements related to stress responses in the promoters of some TdWRKY genes indicated their potential roles in mediating plant responses to a wide variety of environmental stresses. TdWRKY genes displayed different expression patterns in response to salt stress that distinguishes two durum wheat genotypes with contrasting salt stress tolerance phenotypes. TdWRKY genes tended to react earlier with a down-regulation in sensitive genotype leaves and with an up-regulation in tolerant genotype leaves. The TdWRKY transcripts levels in roots increased in tolerant genotype compared to sensitive genotype. The present results indicate that these genes might play some functional role in the salt tolerance in durum wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma-Ezzahra Yousfi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Borj Cedria Science and Technology ParkHammam-lif, Tunisia
- Centre National de Ressources Genomiques Vegetales, French Plant Genomic Center, INRA–CNRGVCastanet-Tolosan, France
- INRA, UMR990 Genomique et Biotechnologie des FruitsCastanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Emna Makhloufi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Borj Cedria Science and Technology ParkHammam-lif, Tunisia
- Centre National de Ressources Genomiques Vegetales, French Plant Genomic Center, INRA–CNRGVCastanet-Tolosan, France
- INRA, UMR990 Genomique et Biotechnologie des FruitsCastanet-Tolosan, France
- INPT, Laboratoire de Genomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, University of ToulouseCastanet-Tolosan, France
| | - William Marande
- Centre National de Ressources Genomiques Vegetales, French Plant Genomic Center, INRA–CNRGVCastanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Abdel W. Ghorbel
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Borj Cedria Science and Technology ParkHammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- INRA, UMR990 Genomique et Biotechnologie des FruitsCastanet-Tolosan, France
- INPT, Laboratoire de Genomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, University of ToulouseCastanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Hélène Bergès
- Centre National de Ressources Genomiques Vegetales, French Plant Genomic Center, INRA–CNRGVCastanet-Tolosan, France
- *Correspondence: Hélène Bergès
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Park YS, Bae DW, Ryu CM. Aboveground Whitefly Infestation Modulates Transcriptional Levels of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Jasmonic Acid Signaling-Related Genes and Augments the Cope with Drought Stress of Maize. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143879. [PMID: 26630288 PMCID: PMC4667997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to now, the potential underlying molecular mechanisms by which maize (Zea mays L.) plants elicit defense responses by infestation with a phloem feeding insect whitefly [Bemisia tabaci (Genn.)] have been barely elucidated against (a)biotic stresses. To fill this gap of current knowledge maize plants were infested with whitefly and these plants were subsequently assessed the levels of water loss. To understand the mode of action, plant hormone contents and the stress-related mRNA expression were evaluated. Whitefly-infested maize plants did not display any significant phenotypic differences in above-ground tissues (infested site) compared with controls. By contrast, root (systemic tissue) biomass was increased by 2-fold by whitefly infestation. The levels of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), jasmonic acid (JA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were significantly higher in whitefly-infested plants. The biosynthetic or signaling-related genes for JA and anthocyanins were highly up-regulated. Additionally, we found that healthier plants were obtained in whitefly-infested plants under drought conditions. The weight of whitefly-infested plants was approximately 20% higher than that of control plants at 14 d of drought treatment. The drought tolerance-related genes, ZmbZIP72, ZmSNAC1, and ZmABA1, were highly expressed in the whitefly-infected plants. Collectively, our results suggest that IAA/JA-derived maize physiological changes and correlation of H2O2 production and water loss are modulated by above-ground whitefly infestation in maize plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Soon Park
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305–806, South Korea
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, 565–851, South Korea
| | - Dong-Won Bae
- Central Instrument Facility, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660–701, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305–806, South Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305–350, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Sornaraj P, Luang S, Lopato S, Hrmova M. Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors involved in abiotic stresses: A molecular model of a wheat bZIP factor and implications of its structure in function. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:46-56. [PMID: 26493723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) genes encode transcription factors (TFs) that control important biochemical and physiological processes in plants and all other eukaryotic organisms. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here we present (i) the homo-dimeric structural model of bZIP consisting of basic leucine zipper and DNA binding regions, in complex with the synthetic Abscisic Acid-Responsive Element (ABREsyn); (ii) discuss homo- and hetero-dimerisation patterns of bZIP TFs; (iii) summarise the current progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of function of bZIP TFs, including features determining the specificity of their binding to DNA cis-elements, and (iv) review information on interaction partners of bZIPs during plant development and stress response, as well as on types and roles of post-translational modifications, and regulatory aspects of protein-degradation mediated turn-over. Finally, we (v) recapitulate on the recent advances regarding functional roles of bZIP factors in major agricultural crops, and discuss the potential significance of bZIP-based genetic engineering in improving crop yield and tolerance to abiotic stresses. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS An accurate analysis and understanding of roles of plant bZIP TFs in different biological processes requires the knowledge of interacting partners, time and location of expression in plant organs, and the information on mechanisms of homo- and hetero-dimerisation of bZIP TFs. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Studies on molecular mechanisms of plant bZIP TFs at the atomic levels will provide novel insights into the regulatory processes during plant development, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Sornaraj
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Sukanya Luang
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Sergiy Lopato
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Maria Hrmova
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia.
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22
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Phosphorylation Affects DNA-Binding of the Senescence-Regulating bZIP Transcription Factor GBF1. PLANTS 2015; 4:691-709. [PMID: 27135347 PMCID: PMC4844403 DOI: 10.3390/plants4030691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Massive changes in the transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana during onset and progression of leaf senescence imply a central role for transcription factors. While many transcription factors are themselves up- or down-regulated during senescence, the bZIP transcription factor G-box-binding factor 1 (GBF1/bZIP41) is constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis leaf tissue but at the same time triggers the onset of leaf senescence, suggesting posttranscriptional mechanisms for senescence-specific GBF1 activation. Here we show that GBF1 is phosphorylated by the threonine/serine CASEIN KINASE II (CKII) in vitro and that CKII phosphorylation had a negative effect on GBF1 DNA-binding to G-boxes of two direct target genes, CATALASE2 and RBSCS1a. Phosphorylation mimicry at three serine positions in the basic region of GBF1 also had a negative effect on DNA-binding. Kinase assays revealed that CKII phosphorylates at least one serine in the basic domain but has additional phosphorylation sites outside this domain. Two different ckII α subunit1 and one α subunit2 T-DNA insertion lines showed no visible senescence phenotype, but in all lines the expression of the senescence marker gene SAG12 was remarkably diminished. A model is presented suggesting that senescence-specific GBF1 activation might be achieved by lowering the phosphorylation of GBF1 by CKII.
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Vilela B, Pagès M, Riera M. Emerging roles of protein kinase CK2 in abscisic acid signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:966. [PMID: 26579189 PMCID: PMC4630567 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many aspects of plant growth and development as well as responses to multiple stresses. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation or ubiquitination have pivotal roles in the regulation of ABA signaling. In addition to the positive regulator sucrose non-fermenting-1 related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2), the relevance of the role of other protein kinases, such as CK2, has been recently highlighted. We have recently established that CK2 phosphorylates the maize ortholog of open stomata 1 OST1, ZmOST1, suggesting a role of CK2 phosphorylation in the control of ZmOST1 protein degradation (Vilela et al., 2015). CK2 is a pleiotropic enzyme involved in multiple developmental and stress-responsive pathways. This review summarizes recent advances that taken together suggest a prominent role of protein kinase CK2 in ABA signaling and related processes.
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24
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Xu W, Li R, Zhang N, Ma F, Jiao Y, Wang Z. Transcriptome profiling of Vitis amurensis, an extremely cold-tolerant Chinese wild Vitis species, reveals candidate genes and events that potentially connected to cold stress. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 86:527-41. [PMID: 25190283 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-014-0245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Vitis amurensis Rupr. is an exceptional wild-growing Vitis (grape) species that can safely survive a wide range of cold conditions, but the underlying cold-adaptive mechanism associated with gene regulation is poorly investigated. We have analyzed the physiochemical and transcriptomic changes caused by cold stress in a cold-tolerant accession, 'Heilongjiang seedling', of Chinese wild V. amurensis. We statistically determined that a total of 6,850 cold-regulated transcripts were involved in cold regulation, including 3,676 up-regulated and 3,174 down-regulated transcripts. A global survey of messenger RNA revealed that skipped exon is the most prevalent form of alternative spicing event. Importantly, we found that the total splicing events increased with the prolonged cold stress. We also identified thirty-eight major TF families that were involved in cold regulation, some of which were previously unknown. Moreover, a large number of candidate pathways for the metabolism or biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were found to be regulated by cold, which is of potential importance in coordinating cold tolerance with growth and development. Several heat shock proteins and heat shock factors were also detected to be intensively cold-regulated. Furthermore, we validated the expression profiles of 16 candidates using qRT-PCR to further confirm the accuracy of the RNA-seq data. Our results provide a genome-wide view of the dynamic changes in the transcriptome of V. amurensis, in which it is evident that various structural and regulatory genes are crucial for cold tolerance/adaptation. Moreover, our robust dataset advances our knowledge of the genes involved in the complex regulatory networks of cold stress and leads to a better understanding of cold tolerance mechanisms in this extremely cold-tolerant Vitis species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Xu
- School of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
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25
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Tamirisa S, Vudem DR, Khareedu VR. Overexpression of pigeonpea stress-induced cold and drought regulatory gene (CcCDR) confers drought, salt, and cold tolerance in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4769-81. [PMID: 24868035 PMCID: PMC4144763 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A potent cold and drought regulatory protein-encoding gene (CcCDR) was isolated from the subtractive cDNA library of pigeonpea plants subjected to drought stress. CcCDR was induced by different abiotic stress conditions in pigeonpea. Overexpression of CcCDR in Arabidopsis thaliana imparted enhanced tolerance against major abiotic stresses, namely drought, salinity, and low temperature, as evidenced by increased biomass, root length, and chlorophyll content. Transgenic plants also showed increased levels of antioxidant enzymes, proline, and reducing sugars under stress conditions. Furthermore, CcCDR-transgenic plants showed enhanced relative water content, osmotic potential, and cell membrane stability, as well as hypersensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) as compared with control plants. Localization studies confirmed that CcCDR could enter the nucleus, as revealed by intense fluorescence, indicating its possible interaction with various nuclear proteins. Microarray analysis revealed that 1780 genes were up-regulated in CcCDR-transgenics compared with wild-type plants. Real-time PCR analysis on selected stress-responsive genes, involved in ABA-dependent and -independent signalling networks, revealed higher expression levels in transgenic plants, suggesting that CcCDR acts upstream of these genes. The overall results demonstrate the explicit role of CcCDR in conferring multiple abiotic stress tolerance at the whole-plant level. The multifunctional CcCDR seems promising as a prime candidate gene for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in diverse plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinath Tamirisa
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
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26
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Mulekar JJ, Huq E. Expanding roles of protein kinase CK2 in regulating plant growth and development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2883-93. [PMID: 24307718 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 (formerly known as casein kinase II) is a ubiquitious Ser/Thr kinase present in all eukaryotes. The α (catalytic) and β (regulatory) subunits of CK2 exist both as a tetrameric holoenzyme and as monomers in eukaryotic cells. CK2 has been implicated in multiple developmental and stress-responsive pathways including light signalling and circadian clock in plants. Recent studies using CK2 knockout and dominant negative mutants in Arabidopsis have uncovered new roles for this enzyme. CK2 substrates that have been identified so far are primarily transcription factors or regulatory proteins. CK2-mediated phosphorylation of these factors often results in alteration of the protein function including changes in the DNA-binding affinity, dimerization, stability, protein-protein interactions, and subcellular localization. CK2 has evolved as an essential housekeeping kinase in plants that modifies protein function in a dynamic way. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the role of CK2 in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidnyasa Jayant Mulekar
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Enamul Huq
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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27
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Llorca CM, Potschin M, Zentgraf U. bZIPs and WRKYs: two large transcription factor families executing two different functional strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:169. [PMID: 24817872 PMCID: PMC4012195 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
bZIPs and WRKYs are two important plant transcription factor (TF) families regulating diverse developmental and stress-related processes. Since a partial overlap in these biological processes is obvious, it can be speculated that they fulfill non-redundant functions in a complex regulatory network. Here, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms that are so far described for bZIPs and WRKYs. bZIP factors need to heterodimerize for DNA-binding and regulation of transcription, and based on a bioinformatics approach, bZIPs can build up more than the double of protein interactions than WRKYs. In contrast, an enrichment of the WRKY DNA-binding motifs can be found in WRKY promoters, a phenomenon which is not observed for the bZIP family. Thus, the two TF families follow two different functional strategies in which WRKYs regulate each other's transcription in a transcriptional network whereas bZIP action relies on intensive heterodimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ulrike Zentgraf
- *Correspondence: Ulrike Zentgraf, Department of General Genetics, Center of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany e-mail:
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28
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Li Y, Sun Y, Yang Q, Fang F, Kang J, Zhang T. Isolation and characterization of a gene from Medicago sativa L., encoding a bZIP transcription factor. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:1227-39. [PMID: 23096087 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A full-length cDNA of 1,537 nucleotides was cloned from Medicago sativa L. cv. "Zhongmu No. 1" by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. It was designated as MsZIP, encoding a protein of 340 amino acids. The protein molecular weight was 36.43 kDa, and the theoretical isoelectric point was 5.72. The MsZIP preferentially localized in nucleus and have signal peptide. Blast analysis revealed that MsZIP shared the highest homology with some bZIP proteins of M. truncatula. The transcript of MsZIP was strongly enriched in leaf compared with root and stem of mature alfalfa plants. MsZIP was strongly induced by 15 % PEG6000 (polyethylene glycol), 50 μM abscisic acid, 200 mM NaCl, 70 μM gibberellic acid, 5 mM salicylic acid and 200 μM methyl jasmonate. Physiological resistance parameters were measured in the transgenic tobacco. Malondialdehyde content, relative water content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and proline content in transgenic tobacco increased compared with non-transgenic tobacco under salt stress or drought stress. The results showed that accumulation of the MsZIP protein in the vegetative tissues of transgenic plants enhanced their tolerance to osmotic pressure stress. These results demonstrate a role for the MsZIP protein in stress protection and suggest the potential of the MsZIP gene for genetic engineering of salt tolerance and drought tolerance.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/chemistry
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Droughts
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Genetic Engineering
- Isoelectric Point
- Medicago sativa/genetics
- Medicago sativa/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molecular Weight
- Onions/cytology
- Onions/genetics
- Onions/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Plant Proteins/chemistry
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/physiology
- Protein Transport
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Salt Tolerance
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Stress, Physiological
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Nicotiana/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Biotechnological approaches to study plant responses to stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:654120. [PMID: 23509757 PMCID: PMC3591138 DOI: 10.1155/2013/654120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Multiple biotic and abiotic environmental stress factors affect negatively various aspects of plant growth, development, and crop productivity. Plants, as sessile organisms, have developed, in the course of their evolution, efficient strategies of response to avoid, tolerate, or adapt to different types of stress situations. The diverse stress factors that plants have to face often activate similar cell signaling pathways and cellular responses, such as the production of stress proteins, upregulation of the antioxidant machinery, and accumulation of compatible solutes. Over the last few decades advances in plant physiology, genetics, and molecular biology have greatly improved our understanding of plant responses to abiotic stress conditions. In this paper, recent progresses on systematic analyses of plant responses to stress including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and transgenic-based approaches are summarized.
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30
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Jiang Y, Zeng B, Zhao H, Zhang M, Xie S, Lai J. Genome-wide transcription factor gene prediction and their expressional tissue-specificities in maize. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 54:616-30. [PMID: 22862992 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2012.01149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are important regulators of gene expression. To better understand TF-encoding genes in maize (Zea mays L.), a genome-wide TF prediction was performed using the updated B73 reference genome. A total of 2298 TF genes were identified, which can be classified into 56 families. The largest family, known as the MYB superfamily, comprises 322 MYB and MYB-related TF genes. The expression patterns of 2 014 (87.64%) TF genes were examined using RNA-seq data, which resulted in the identification of a subset of TFs that are specifically expressed in particular tissues (including root, shoot, leaf, ear, tassel and kernel). Similarly, 98 kernel-specific TF genes were further analyzed, and it was observed that 29 of the kernel-specific genes were preferentially expressed in the early kernel developmental stage, while 69 of the genes were expressed in the late kernel developmental stage. Identification of these TFs, particularly the tissue-specific ones, provides important information for the understanding of development and transcriptional regulation of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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31
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Isolation and characterization of two ABRE-binding proteins: EABF and EABF1 from the oil palm. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8907-18. [PMID: 22722992 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important phytohormone involved in the abiotic stress resistance in plants. The ABA-responsive element (ABRE) binding factors play significant roles in the plant development and response to abiotic stresses, but none so far have been isolated and characterized from the oil palm. Two ABA-responsive cDNA clones, named EABF and EABF1, were isolated from the oil palm fruits using yeast one-hybrid system. The EABF had a conserved AP2/EREBP DNA-binding domain (DNA-BD) and a potential nuclear localization sequence (NLS). No previously known DNA-BD was identified from the EABF1 sequence. The EABF and EABF1 proteins were classified as DREB/CBF and bZIP family members based on the multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. Both proteins showed ABRE-binding and transcriptional activation properties in yeast. Furthermore, both proteins were able to trans-activate the down-stream expression of the LacZ reporter gene in yeast. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that in addition to the ABRE sequence, both proteins could bind to the DRE sequence as well. Transcriptional analysis revealed that the expression of EABF was induced in response to the ABA in the oil palm fruits and leaves, but not in roots, while the EABF1 was constitutively induced in all tissues. The expressions of both genes were strongly induced in fruits in response to the ABA, ethylene, methyl jasmonate, drought, cold and high-salinity treatments, indicating that the EABF and EABF1 might act as connectors among different stress signal transduction pathways. Our results indicate that the EABF and EABF1 are novel stress-responsive transcription factors, which are involved in the abiotic stress response and ABA signaling in the oil palm and could be used for production of stress-tolerant transgenic crops.
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32
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Ying S, Zhang DF, Fu J, Shi YS, Song YC, Wang TY, Li Y. Cloning and characterization of a maize bZIP transcription factor, ZmbZIP72, confers drought and salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2012; 235:253-66. [PMID: 21866346 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the bZIP (basic leucine zipper) transcription factors regulate diverse functions, including processes such as plant development and stress response. However, few have been functionally characterized in maize (Zea mays). In this study, we cloned ZmbZIP72, a bZIP transcription factor gene from maize, which had only one copy in the maize genome and harbored three introns. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of ZmbZIP72 revealed a highly conserved bZIP DNA-binding domain in its C-terminal region, and four conserved sequences distributed in N- or C-terminal region. The ZmbZIP72 gene expressed differentially in various organs of maize plants and was induced by abscisic acid, high salinity, and drought treatment in seedlings. Subcellular localization analysis in onion epidermal cells indicated that ZmbZIP72 was a nuclear protein. Transactivation assay in yeast demonstrated that ZmbZIP72 functioned as a transcriptional activator and its N terminus (amino acids 23-63) was necessary for the transactivation activity. Heterologous overexpression of ZmbZIP72 improved drought and partial salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis plants, as determined by physiological analyses of leaf water loss, electrolyte leakage, proline content, and survival rate under stress. In addition, the seeds of ZmbZIP72-overexpressing transgenic plants were hypersensitive to ABA and osmotic stress. Moreover, overexpression of ZmbZIP72 enhanced the expression of ABA-inducible genes such as RD29B, RAB18, and HIS1-3. These results suggest that the ZmbZIP72 protein functions as an ABA-dependent transcription factor in positive modulation of abiotic stress tolerance and may be a candidate gene with potential application in molecular breeding to enhance stress tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ying
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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33
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Mulekar JJ, Bu Q, Chen F, Huq E. Casein kinase II α subunits affect multiple developmental and stress-responsive pathways in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 69:343-54. [PMID: 21950772 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Casein kinase II (formerly known as CK2), a ubiquitous Ser/Thr kinase, plays critical roles in all higher organisms including plants. The CK2 holoenzyme consists of two catalytic α subunits and two regulatory β subunits. The Arabidopsis genome has four α subunit and four β subunit genes, and members of both the α and β subunit families have been shown to be localized in the cytoplasm, nucleus and also in chloroplasts. However, the biological roles of CK2 subunits have not been fully characterized yet. Here we identified T-DNA insertion mutants in three α subunit genes (α1, α2 and α3) and made double and triple mutants. The CK2 α1α2α3 triple mutants displayed reduced CK2 activity compared with wild-type seedlings. Phenotypic characterization showed that CK2 α1α2α3 triple mutants are late flowering under both long- and short-day conditions. Genes encoding floral integrators are differentially regulated in the triple mutant compared with the wild-type plants. CK2 α1α2α3 triple mutants also displayed reduced hypocotyl growth, smaller cotyledon size and a reduced number of lateral roots compared with wild-type seedlings under light. Abscisic acid-induced blockage of seed germination and cotyledon greening is reduced in CK2 α subunit mutants in an additive manner. Moreover, CK2 α subunit mutants are also hyposensitive to a NaCl-induced blockage of seed germination. Taken together, these data suggest that CK2 α subunits affect diverse developmental and stress responsive pathways in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidnyasa Jayant Mulekar
- Section of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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34
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Ying S, Zhang DF, Li HY, Liu YH, Shi YS, Song YC, Wang TY, Li Y. Cloning and characterization of a maize SnRK2 protein kinase gene confers enhanced salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:1683-99. [PMID: 21638061 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
SnRK2 (sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinases 2) represents a unique family of protein kinase in regulating signaling transduction in plants. Although the regulatory mechanisms of SnRK2 have been well demonstrated in Arabidopsis thaliana, their functions in maize are still unknown. In our study, we cloned an SnRK2 gene from maize, ZmSAPK8, which encoded a putative homolog of the rice SAPK8 protein. ZmSAPK8 had two copies in the maize genome and harbored eight introns in its coding region. We demonstrated that ZmSAPK8 expressed differentially in various organs of maize plants and was up-regulated by high-salinity and drought treatment. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged ZmSAPK8 showed subcellular localization in the cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. In vitro kinase assays indicated that ZmSAPK8 preferred Mn(2+) to Mg(2+) as cofactor for phosphorylation, and Ser-182 and Thr-183 in activation loop was important for its activity. Heterologous overexpression of ZmSAPK8 in Arabidopsis could significantly strengthen tolerance to salt stress. Under salt treatment, ZmSAPK8-overexpressed transgenic plants exhibited higher germination rate and proline content, low electrolyte leakage and higher survival rate than wild type. Further analysis indicated that transgenic plants showed increased transcription of the stress-related genes, RD29A, RD29B, RAB18, ABI1, DREB2A and P5CS1, under high-salinity conditions. The results demonstrated that ZmSAPK8 was involved in diverse stress signal transduction. Moreover, no obvious adverse effects on growth and development in the ZmSAPK8-overexpressed transgenic plants implied that ZmSAPK8 was potentially useful in transgenic breeding to improve salt tolerance in crops.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Arabidopsis/drug effects
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/metabolism
- Arabidopsis/physiology
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Electrolytes/metabolism
- Enzyme Activation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Genes, Plant
- Germination
- Manganese/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Phosphorylation
- Phylogeny
- Plants, Genetically Modified/drug effects
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/physiology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Salt Tolerance
- Signal Transduction
- Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
- Stress, Physiological
- Transcription, Genetic
- Up-Regulation
- Zea mays/drug effects
- Zea mays/genetics
- Zea mays/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ying
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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35
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Wang J, Zhou J, Zhang B, Vanitha J, Ramachandran S, Jiang SY. Genome-wide expansion and expression divergence of the basic leucine zipper transcription factors in higher plants with an emphasis on sorghum. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 53:212-31. [PMID: 21205183 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.01017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant bZIP transcription factors play crucial roles in multiple biological processes. However, little is known about the sorghum bZIP gene family although the sorghum genome has been completely sequenced. In this study, we have carried out a genome-wide identification and characterization of this gene family in sorghum. Our data show that the genome encodes at least 92 bZIP transcription factors. These bZIP genes have been expanded mainly by segmental duplication. Such an expansion mechanism has also been observed in rice, arabidopsis and many other plant organisms, suggesting a common expansion mode of this gene family in plants. Further investigation shows that most of the bZIP members have been present in the most recent common ancestor of sorghum and rice and the major expansion would occur before the sorghum-rice split era. Although these bZIP genes have been duplicated with a long history, they exhibited limited functional divergence as shown by nonsynonymous substitutions (Ka)/synonymous substitutions (Ks) analyses. Their retention was mainly due to the high percentages of expression divergence. Our data also showed that this gene family might play a role in multiple developmental stages and tissues and might be regarded as important regulators of various abiotic stresses and sugar signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhou Wang
- Institute of Botany and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory Joint Research & Development Laboratory, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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36
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Wang Y, Gao C, Liang Y, Wang C, Yang C, Liu G. A novel bZIP gene from Tamarix hispida mediates physiological responses to salt stress in tobacco plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 167:222-30. [PMID: 19853962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Basic leucine zipper proteins (bZIPs) are transcription factors that bind abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive elements (ABREs) and enable plants to withstand adverse environmental conditions. In the present study, a novel bZIP gene, ThbZIP1 was cloned from Tamarix hispida. Expression studies in T. hispida showed differential regulation of ThbZIP1 in response to treatment with NaCl, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000, NaHCO(3), and CdCl(2), suggesting that ThbZIP1 is involved in abiotic stress responses. To identify the physiological responses mediated by ThbZIP1, transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing exogenous ThbZIP1 were generated. Various physiological parameters related to salt stress were measured and compared between transgenic and wild type (WT) plants. Our results indicate that overexpression of ThbZIP1 can enhance the activity of both peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and increase the content of soluble sugars and soluble proteins under salt stress conditions. These results suggest that ThbZIP1 contributes to salt tolerance by mediating signaling through multiple physiological pathways. Furthermore, ThbZIP1 confers stress tolerance to plants by enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, facilitating the accumulation of compatible osmolytes, and inducing and/or enhancing the biosynthesis of soluble proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, PR China
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Kirchler T, Briesemeister S, Singer M, Schütze K, Keinath M, Kohlbacher O, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Teige M, Harter K, Chaban C. The role of phosphorylatable serine residues in the DNA-binding domain of Arabidopsis bZIP transcription factors. Eur J Cell Biol 2010; 89:175-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Tan MP. Analysis of DNA methylation of maize in response to osmotic and salt stress based on methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2010; 48:21-26. [PMID: 19889550 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Water stress is known to alter cytosine methylation, which generally represses transcription. However, little is known about the role of methylation alteration in maize under osmotic stress. Here, methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) was used to screen PEG- or NaCl-induced methylation alteration in maize seedlings. The sequences of 25 differentially amplified fragments relevant to stress were successfully obtained. Two stress-specific fragments from leaves, LP166 and LPS911, shown to be homologous to retrotransposon Gag-Pol protein genes, suggested that osmotic stress-induced methylation of retrotransposons. Three MSAP fragments, representing drought-induced or salt-induced methylation in leaves, were homologous to a maize aluminum-induced transporter. Besides these, heat shock protein HSP82, Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2, Lipoxygenase, casein kinase (CK2), and dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) factor were also homologs of MSAP sequences from salt-treated roots. One MSAP fragment amplified from salt-treated roots, designated RS39, was homologous to the first intron of maize protein phosphatase 2C (zmPP2C), whereas - LS103, absent from salt-treated leaves, was homologous to maize glutathione S-transferases (zmGST). Expression analysis showed that salt-induced intron methylation of root zmPP2C significantly downregulated its expression, while salt-induced demethylation of leaf zmGST weakly upregulated its expression. The results suggested that salinity-induced methylation downregulated zmPP2C expression, a negative regulator of the stress response, while salinity-induced demethylation upregulated zmGST expression, a positive effecter of the stress response. Altered methylation, in response to stress, might also be involved in stress acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-pu Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Agustí J, Merelo P, Cercós M, Tadeo FR, Talón M. Comparative transcriptional survey between laser-microdissected cells from laminar abscission zone and petiolar cortical tissue during ethylene-promoted abscission in citrus leaves. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 9:127. [PMID: 19852773 PMCID: PMC2770498 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-9-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abscission is the cell separation process by which plants are able to shed organs. It has a great impact on the yield of most crop plants. At the same time, the process itself also constitutes an excellent model to study cell separation processes, since it occurs in concrete areas known as abscission zones (AZs) which are composed of a specific cell type. However, molecular approaches are generally hampered by the limited area and cell number constituting the AZ. Therefore, detailed studies at the resolution of cell type are of great relevance in order to accurately describe the process and to identify potential candidate genes for biotechnological applications. RESULTS Efficient protocols for the isolation of specific citrus cell types, namely laminar abscission zone (LAZ) and petiolar cortical (Pet) cells based on laser capture microdissection (LCM) and for RNA microextraction and amplification have been developed. A comparative transcriptome analysis between LAZ and Pet from citrus leaf explants subjected to an in-vitro 24 h ethylene treatment was performed utilising microarray hybridization and analysis. Our analyses of gene functional classes differentially represented in ethylene-treated LAZ revealed an activation program dominated by the expression of genes associated with protein synthesis, protein fate, cell type differentiation, development and transcription. The extensive repertoire of genes associated with cell wall biosynthesis and metabolism strongly suggests that LAZ layers activate both catabolic and anabolic wall modification pathways during the abscission program. In addition, over-representation of particular members of different transcription factor families suggests important roles for these genes in the differentiation of the effective cell separation layer within the many layers contained in the citrus LAZ. Preferential expression of stress-related and defensive genes in Pet reveals that this tissue is likely to be reprogrammed to prevent pathogen attacks and general abiotic stresses after organ shedding. CONCLUSION The LCM-based data generated in this survey represent the most accurate description of the main biological processes and genes involved in organ abscission in citrus. This study provides novel molecular insight into ethylene-promoted leaf abscission and identifies new putative target genes for characterization and manipulation of organ abscission in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Agustí
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias - Centro de Genómica. Carretera Moncada-Náquera Km. 4,5. 46113 Moncada (Valencia) Spain
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paz Merelo
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias - Centro de Genómica. Carretera Moncada-Náquera Km. 4,5. 46113 Moncada (Valencia) Spain
| | - Manuel Cercós
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias - Centro de Genómica. Carretera Moncada-Náquera Km. 4,5. 46113 Moncada (Valencia) Spain
| | - Francisco R Tadeo
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias - Centro de Genómica. Carretera Moncada-Náquera Km. 4,5. 46113 Moncada (Valencia) Spain
| | - Manuel Talón
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias - Centro de Genómica. Carretera Moncada-Náquera Km. 4,5. 46113 Moncada (Valencia) Spain
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Gagete AP, Riera M, Franco L, Rodrigo MI. Functional analysis of the isoforms of an ABI3-like factor of Pisum sativum generated by alternative splicing. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:1703-14. [PMID: 19261920 PMCID: PMC2671620 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
At least seven isoforms (PsABI3-1 to PsABI3-7) of a putative, pea ABI3-like factor, originated by alternative splicing, have been identified after cDNA cloning. A similar variability had previously only been described for monocot genes. The full-length isoform, PsABI3-1, contains the typical N-terminal acidic domains and C-terminal basic subdomains, B1 to B3. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis revealed that the gene is expressed just in seeds, starting at middle embryogenesis; no gene products are observed in embryo axes after 18 h post-imbibition although they are more persistent in cotyledons. The activity of the isoforms was studied by yeast one-hybrid assays. When yeast was transformed with the isoforms fused to the DNA binding domain of Gal4p, only the polypeptides PsABI3-2 and PsABI3-7 failed to complement the activity of Gal4p. Acidic domains A1 and A2 exhibit transactivating activity, but the former requires a small C-terminal extension to be active. Yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that PsABI3 is able to heterodimerize with Arabidopsis thaliana ABI5, thus proving that PsABI3 is functionally active. The minimum requirement for the interaction PsABI3-AtABI5 is the presence of the subdomain B1 with an extension, 81 amino acids long, at their C-terminal side. Finally, a transient onion transformation assay showed that both the active PsABI3-1 and the inactive PsABI3-2 isoforms are localized to nuclei. Considering that the major isoforms remain approximately constant in developing seeds although their relative proportion varied, the possible role of splicing in the regulatory network of ABA signalling is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés P. Gagete
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Riera
- Consorcio CSIC-IRTA. CID. E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Rodrigo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Seong ES, Kwon SS, Ghimire BK, Yu CY, Cho DH, Lim JD, Kim KS, Heo K, Lim ES, Chung IM, Kim MJ, Lee YS. LebZIP2 induced by salt and drought stress and transient overexpression by Agrobacterium. BMB Rep 2009; 41:693-8. [PMID: 18959814 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.10.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The full-length cDNA of LebZIP2 (Lycopersicon esculentum bZIP2) encodes a protein of 164 amino acids and contains a N-terminal basic-region leucine zipper domain. Analysis of the deduced tomato LebZIP2 amino acid sequence revealed that it shares 85% sequence identity with both tobacco bZIP and pepper CcbZIP. LebZIP2 mRNA is expressed at a high level exclusively in flowers. Presently, LebZIP2 was strongly increased also following NaCl and mannitol treatments. No significant LebZIP2 expression was evident following cold treatment. Transient LebZIP2 overexpression resulted in increased NbNOA1 and NbNR transcript levels in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Our results indicate that LebZIP2 might play roles as an abiotic stress-signaling pathway and as a transcriptional regulator of the NbNOA1 or NbNR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Soo Seong
- Bioherb Research Institute, College of Agriculture and life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Roche J, Hewezi T, Bouniols A, Gentzbittel L. Real-time PCR monitoring of signal transduction related genes involved in water stress tolerance mechanism of sunflower. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2009; 47:139-145. [PMID: 19054682 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The study deals with the quantitative expression pattern of genes involved in signaling transduction pathways in response to water stress in leaves and embryos of a water stress tolerant genotype compared to a non-tolerant genotype using real-time quantitative PCR. The experiment was conducted in the field. The results showed a high quantitative up-regulation of genes belonging to protein kinase, phosphatase and transcription factor pathways (from two to 70 fold) only in leaves of the tolerant genotype compared to the non-tolerant genotype. Moreover, genes related to the protein kinase pathway were down-regulated in leaves of the non-tolerant genotype. On the contrary, in seeds, our study showed that the positive regulation of genes related to the signal transduction pathway observed in leaves of the tolerant genotype is turned off, suggesting different transcriptional control of signaling water stress in reproductive organs compared to vegetative organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Roche
- UMR 1248 France INRA/ENSAT Centre de Toulouse, Chemin de Borde Rouge, BP 27 31326, Auzeville, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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Corrêa LGG, Riaño-Pachón DM, Schrago CG, dos Santos RV, Mueller-Roeber B, Vincentz M. The role of bZIP transcription factors in green plant evolution: adaptive features emerging from four founder genes. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2944. [PMID: 18698409 PMCID: PMC2492810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transcription factors of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family control important processes in all eukaryotes. In plants, bZIPs are regulators of many central developmental and physiological processes including photomorphogenesis, leaf and seed formation, energy homeostasis, and abiotic and biotic stress responses. Here we performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of bZIP genes from algae, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms. Methodology/Principal Findings We identified 13 groups of bZIP homologues in angiosperms, three more than known before, that represent 34 Possible Groups of Orthologues (PoGOs). The 34 PoGOs may correspond to the complete set of ancestral angiosperm bZIP genes that participated in the diversification of flowering plants. Homologous genes dedicated to seed-related processes and ABA-mediated stress responses originated in the common ancestor of seed plants, and three groups of homologues emerged in the angiosperm lineage, of which one group plays a role in optimizing the use of energy. Conclusions/Significance Our data suggest that the ancestor of green plants possessed four bZIP genes functionally involved in oxidative stress and unfolded protein responses that are bZIP-mediated processes in all eukaryotes, but also in light-dependent regulations. The four founder genes amplified and diverged significantly, generating traits that benefited the colonization of new environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gustavo Guedes Corrêa
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Cooperative Research Group, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Diego Mauricio Riaño-Pachón
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- GabiPD Team, Bioinformatics Group, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Carlos Guerra Schrago
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Vicentini dos Santos
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Cooperative Research Group, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Michel Vincentz
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Shiota H, Ko S, Wada S, Otsu CT, Tanaka I, Kamada H. A carrot G-box binding factor-type basic region/leucine zipper factor DcBZ1 is involved in abscisic acid signal transduction in somatic embryogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2008; 46:550-8. [PMID: 18407508 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Carrot (Daucus carota) somatic embryogenesis has been extensively used as an experimental system for studying embryogenesis. In maturing zygotic embryos, abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in acquisition of desiccation tolerance and dormancy. On the other hand, somatic embryos contain low levels of endogenous ABA and show desiccation intolerance and lack dormancy, but tolerance and dormancy can be induced by exogenous application of ABA. In ABA-treated carrot embryos, some ABA-inducible genes are expressed. We isolated the Daucus carota bZIP1 (DcBZ1) gene encoding a G-box binding factor-type basic region/leucine zipper (GBF-type bZIP) factor from carrot somatic embryos. The expression of DcBZ1 was detected in embryogenic cells, non-embryogenic cells, somatic embryos, developing seeds, seedlings, and true leaves. Notably, higher expression was detected in embryogenic cells, true leaves, and seedlings. The expression of DcBZ1 increased in seedlings and true leaves after ABA treatment, whereas expression was not affected by differences in light conditions. During the development of zygotic and somatic embryos, increased expression of DcBZ1 was commonly detected in the later phase of development. The recombinant DcBZ1 protein showed specific binding activity to the two ABA-responsive element-like motifs (motif X and motif Y) in the promoter region of the carrot ABA-inducible gene according to results from an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Our findings suggest that the carrot GBF-type bZIP factor, DcBZ1, is involved in ABA signal transduction in embryogenesis and other vegetative tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Shiota
- International Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
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Schütze K, Harter K, Chaban C. Post-translational regulation of plant bZIP factors. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2008; 13:247-55. [PMID: 18424222 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The post-translational regulation of transcription factors plays an important role in the control of gene expression in eukaryotes. The mechanisms of regulation include not only factor modifications but also regulated protein-protein interaction, protein degradation and intracellular partitioning. In plants, the basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors contribute to many transcriptional response pathways. Despite this, little is known about their post-translational regulation. Recent findings suggest that plant bZIP factors are under the control of various partially signal-induced and reversible post-translational mechanisms that are crucial for the control of their function. However, the fact that, to date, only a few plant bZIPs have been analyzed with respect to post-translational regulation indicates that we have just identified the tip of an iceberg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Schütze
- Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, Tübingen, Germany
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Schlögl PS, Nogueira FTS, Drummond R, Felix JM, De Rosa VE, Vicentini R, Leite A, Ulian EC, Menossi M. Identification of new ABA- and MEJA-activated sugarcane bZIP genes by data mining in the SUCEST database. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2008; 27:335-45. [PMID: 17968554 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane is generally propagated by cuttings of the stalk containing one or more lateral buds, which will develop into a new plant. The transition from the dormant into the active stage constitutes a complex phenomenon characterized by changes in accumulation of phytohormones and several other physiological aspects. Abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) are major signaling molecules, which influence plant development and stress responses. These plant regulators modulate gene expression with the participation of many transcriptional factors. Basic leucine zipper proteins (bZIPs) form a large family of transcriptional factors involved in a variety of plant physiological processes, such as development and responses to stress. Query sequences consisting of full-length protein sequence of each of the Arabidopsis bZIP families were utilized to screen the sugarcane EST database (SUCEST) and 86 sugarcane assembled sequences (SAS) coding for bZIPs were identified. cDNA arrays and RNA-gel blots were used to study the expression of these sugarcane bZIP genes during early plantlet development and in response to ABA and MeJA. Six bZIP genes were found to be differentially expressed during development. ABA and MeJA modulated the expression of eight sugarcane bZIP genes. Our findings provide novel insights into the expression of this large protein family of transcriptional factors in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Sérgio Schlögl
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6109, 13083-875 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Transcriptional activation of Cor/Lea genes and increase in abiotic stress tolerance through expression of a wheat DREB2 homolog in transgenic tobacco. Transgenic Res 2007; 17:755-67. [PMID: 18034365 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-007-9158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Wdreb2, previously isolated as a DREB2 homolog, is expressed in wheat seedlings under abiotic stresses, such as cold, drought, and high salinity, and following treatment with exogenous ABA. In the present study, we generated transgenic tobacco plants expressing Wdreb2 to clarify roles of Wdreb2 in stress tolerance and the direct trans-activation of Cor/Lea genes by WDREB2. Wdreb2 expression significantly improved freezing and osmotic stress tolerance in tobacco plants. Several putative stress- and ABA-responsive cis-elements were found in the 5' upstream regions of four wheat Cor/Lea genes, Wdhn13, Wrab17, Wrab18, and Wrab19. The expression level of a gusA reporter gene under control of Cor/Lea promoter sequences was enhanced by cold, drought and ABA treatment in transgenic tobacco plants. Moreover, the gusA expression level was markedly enhanced by Wdreb2 expression under nonstressful conditions. These results clearly indicate that WDREB2 acts as a transcription factor and positively regulates Wdhn13, Wrab17, Wrab18, and Wrab19 in the development of multiple abiotic stress tolerance in wheat.
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Roche J, Hewezi T, Bouniols A, Gentzbittel L. Transcriptional profiles of primary metabolism and signal transduction-related genes in response to water stress in field-grown sunflower genotypes using a thematic cDNA microarray. PLANTA 2007; 226:601-17. [PMID: 17370086 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-007-0508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A sunflower cDNA microarray containing about 800 clones covering major metabolic and signal transduction pathways was used to study gene expression profiles in leaves and embryos of drought-tolerant and -sensitive genotypes subjected to water-deficit stress under field conditions. Using two-step ANOVA normalization and analysis models, we identified 409 differentially expressed genes among genotypes, water treatment and organs. The majority of the cDNA clones differentially expressed under water stress was found to display opposite gene expression profiles in drought-tolerant genotype compared to drought-sensitive genotype. These dissimilarities suggest that the difference between tolerant and non-tolerant plants seems to be associated with changes in qualitative but not quantitative mRNA expression. Comparing leaves and embryos, 82 cDNA clones showing organ-specific variation in gene expression levels were identified in response to water stress across genotypes. Genes related to amino acids and carbohydrates metabolisms, and signal transduction were induced in embryos and repressed in leaves; suggesting that vegetative and reproductive organs respond differentially to water stress. Adaptive mechanisms controlling water deficit tolerance are proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Roche
- UMR 1248 INRA Centre de Toulouse, Chemin de Borde Rouge, BP27, Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Cao X, Costa LM, Biderre-Petit C, Kbhaya B, Dey N, Perez P, McCarty DR, Gutierrez-Marcos JF, Becraft PW. Abscisic acid and stress signals induce Viviparous1 expression in seed and vegetative tissues of maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 143:720-31. [PMID: 17208960 PMCID: PMC1803740 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.091454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Viviparous1 (Vp1) encodes a B3 domain-containing transcription factor that is a key regulator of seed maturation in maize (Zea mays). However, the mechanisms of Vp1 regulation are not well understood. To examine physiological factors that may regulate Vp1 expression, transcript levels were monitored in maturing embryos placed in culture under different conditions. Expression of Vp1 decreased after culture in hormone-free medium, but was induced by salinity or osmotic stress. Application of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) also induced transcript levels within 1 h in a dose-dependent manner. The Vp1 promoter fused to beta-glucuronidase or green fluorescent protein reproduced the endogenous Vp1 expression patterns in transgenic maize plants and also revealed previously unknown expression domains of Vp1. The Vp1 promoter is active in the embryo and aleurone cells of developing seeds and, upon drought stress, was also found in phloem cells of vegetative tissues, including cobs, leaves, and stems. Sequence analysis of the Vp1 promoter identified a potential ABA-responsive complex, consisting of an ACGT-containing ABA response element (ABRE) and a coupling element 1-like motif. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed that the ABRE and putative coupling element 1 components specifically bound proteins in embryo nuclear protein extracts. Treatment of embryos in hormone-free Murashige and Skoog medium blocked the ABRE-protein interaction, whereas exogenous ABA or mannitol treatment restored this interaction. Our data support a model for a VP1-dependent positive feedback mechanism regulating Vp1 expression during seed maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Cao
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Lee BJ, Park CJ, Kim SK, Kim KJ, Paek KH. In vivo binding of hot pepper bZIP transcription factor CabZIP1 to the G-box region of pathogenesis-related protein 1 promoter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 344:55-62. [PMID: 16630556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.03.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We find that salicylic acid and ethephon treatment in hot pepper increases the expression of a putative basic/leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor gene, CabZIP1. CabZIP1 mRNA is expressed ubiquitously in various organs. The green fluorescent protein-fused transcription factor, CabZIP1::GFP, can be specifically localized to the nucleus, an action that is consistent with the presence of a nuclear localization signal in its protein sequence. Transient overexpression of the CabZIP1 transcription factor results in an increase in PR-1 transcripts level in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate that CabZIP1 binds to the G-box elements in native promoter of the hot pepper pathogenesis-related protein 1 (CaPR-1) gene in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that CabZIP1 plays a role as a transcriptional regulator of the CaPR-1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boo-Ja Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 1, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
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