1
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Makarenko ES, Volkova PY, Geras'kin SA. The pollen quality of woody and herbaceous plants from the Chernobyl exclusion zone. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2024; 278:107504. [PMID: 39038421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Pollen abnormalities frequency of Scots pine and pollen sterility of white clover, common columbine, and greater celandine growing in the Bryansk and Gomel' regions radioactively contaminated after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (NPP) were assessed. The frequency of abnormal pine pollen at the most contaminated plots significantly exceeded the control level and positively correlated with the total absorbed dose and the absorbed dose from β-radiation. No sustainable significant changes in pollen sterility of the herbaceous plants studied were found in the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl NPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Makarenko
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology of National Research Centre, «Kurchatov Institute», Obninsk, Russia.
| | | | - Stanislav A Geras'kin
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology of National Research Centre, «Kurchatov Institute», Obninsk, Russia
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2
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Ying S, Tang Y, Yang W, Hu Z, Huang R, Ding J, Yi X, Niu J, Chen Z, Wang T, Liu W, Peng X. The vesicle trafficking gene, OsRab7, is critical for pollen development and male fertility in cytoplasmic male-sterility rice. Gene 2024; 915:148423. [PMID: 38575100 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Rice cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) provides an exceptional model for studying genetic interaction within plant nuclei given its inheritable trait of non-functional male gametophyte. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the genes and pathways associated with the CMS mechanism is imperative for improving the vigor of hybrid rice agronomically, such as its productivity. Here, we observed a significant decrease in the expression of a gene named OsRab7 in the anther of the CMS line (SJA) compared to the maintainer line (SJB). OsRab7 is responsible for vesicle trafficking and loss function of OsRab7 significantly reduced pollen fertility and setting rate relative to the wild type. Meanwhile, over-expression of OsRab7 enhanced pollen fertility in the SJA line while a decrease in its expression in the SJB line led to the reduced pollen fertility. Premature tapetum and abnormal development of microspores were observed in the rab7 mutant. The expression of critical genes involved in tapetum development (OsMYB103, OsPTC1, OsEAT1 and OsAP25) and pollen development (OsMSP1, OsDTM1 and OsC4) decreased significantly in the anther of rab7 mutant. Reduced activities of the pDR5::GUS marker in the young panicle and anther of the rab7 mutant were also observed. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of genes involved in auxin biosynthesis (YUCCAs), auxin transport (PINs), auxin response factors (ARFs), and members of the IAA family (IAAs) were all downregulated in the rab7 mutant, indicating its impact on auxin signaling and distribution. In summary, these findings underscore the importance of OsRab7 in rice pollen development and its potential link to cytoplasmic male sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Ying
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yunting Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ruifeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiangyun Yi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jiawei Niu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zihan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xiaojue Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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3
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Pérez-Pérez Y, Solís MT, Albacete A, Testillano PS. Opposite Auxin Dynamics Determine the Gametophytic and Embryogenic Fates of the Microspore. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11177. [PMID: 37446349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The microspore can follow two different developmental pathways. In vivo microspores follow the gametophytic program to produce pollen grains. In vitro, isolated microspores can be reprogrammed by stress treatments and follow the embryogenic program, producing doubled-haploid embryos. In the present study, we analyzed the dynamics and role of endogenous auxin in microspore development during these two different scenarios, in Brassica napus. We analyzed auxin concentration, cellular accumulation, the expression of the TAA1 auxin biosynthesis gene, and the PIN1-like efflux carrier gene, as well as the effects of inhibiting auxin biosynthesis by kynurenine on microspore embryogenesis. During the gametophytic pathway, auxin levels and TAA1 and PIN1-like expression were high at early stages, in tetrads and tapetum, while they progressively decreased during gametogenesis in both pollen and tapetum cells. In contrast, in microspore embryogenesis, TAA1 and PIN1-like genes were upregulated, and auxin concentration increased from the first embryogenic divisions. Kynurenine treatment decreased both embryogenesis induction and embryo production, indicating that auxin biosynthesis is required for microspore embryogenesis initiation and progression. The findings indicate that auxin exhibits two opposite profiles during these two microspore developmental pathways, which determine the different cell fates of the microspore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Pérez-Pérez
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Solís
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Physiology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Center for Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar S Testillano
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Li X, Wang L, Li W, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Dong S, Song X, Zhao J, Chen M, Yuan X. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Superfamily in Foxtail Millet. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11053. [PMID: 37446233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450) are the largest enzyme family in plant metabolism and widely involved in the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv) can respond to abiotic stress through a highly complex polygene regulatory network, in which the SiCYP450 family is also involved. Although the CYP450 superfamily has been systematically studied in a few species, the research on the CYP450 superfamily in foxtail millet has not been completed. In this study, three hundred and thirty-one SiCYP450 genes were identified in the foxtail millet genome by bioinformatics methods, which were divided into four groups, including forty-six subgroups. One hundred and sixteen genes were distributed in thirty-three tandem duplicated gene clusters. Chromosome mapping showed that SiCYP450 was distributed on seven chromosomes. In the SiCYP450 family of foxtail millet, 20 conserved motifs were identified. Cis-acting elements in the promoter region of SiCYP450 genes showed that hormone response elements were found in all SiCYP450 genes. Of the three hundred and thirty-one SiCYP450 genes, nine genes were colinear with the Arabidopsis thaliana genes. Two hundred SiCYP450 genes were colinear with the Setaria viridis genes, including two hundred and forty-five gene duplication events. The expression profiles of SiCYP450 genes in different organs and developmental stages showed that SiCYP450 was preferentially expressed in specific tissues, and many tissue-specific genes were identified, such as SiCYP75B6, SiCYP96A7, SiCYP71A55, SiCYP71A61, and SiCYP71A62 in the root, SiCYP78A1 and SiCYP94D9 in leaves, and SiCYP78A6 in the ear. The RT-PCR data showed that SiCYP450 could respond to abiotic stresses, ABA, and herbicides in foxtail millet. Among them, the expression levels of SiCYP709B4, SiCYP71A11, SiCYP71A14, SiCYP78A1, SiCYP94C3, and SiCYP94C4 were significantly increased under the treatment of mesotrione, florasulam, nicosulfuron, fluroxypyr, and sethoxydim, indicating that the same gene might respond to multiple herbicides. The results of this study will help reveal the biological functions of the SiCYP450 family in development regulation and stress response and provide a basis for molecular breeding of foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Li
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Weidong Li
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Shuqi Dong
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xi'e Song
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Mingxun Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
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5
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Khan AH, Min L, Ma Y, Zeeshan M, Jin S, Zhang X. High-temperature stress in crops: male sterility, yield loss and potential remedy approaches. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:680-697. [PMID: 36221230 PMCID: PMC10037161 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Global food security is one of the utmost essential challenges in the 21st century in providing enough food for the growing population while coping with the already stressed environment. High temperature (HT) is one of the main factors affecting plant growth, development and reproduction and causes male sterility in plants. In male reproductive tissues, metabolic changes induced by HT involve carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, epigenetics and reactive oxygen species, leading to male sterility and ultimately reducing yield. Understanding the mechanism and genes involved in these pathways during the HT stress response will provide a new path to improve crops by using molecular breeding and biotechnological approaches. Moreover, this review provides insight into male sterility and integrates this with suggested strategies to enhance crop tolerance under HT stress conditions at the reproductive stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Hamid Khan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ling Min
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yizan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro‐Environment and Agro‐Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of AgricultureGuanxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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6
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Yang D, Wang Z, Huang X, Xu C. Molecular regulation of tomato male reproductive development. ABIOTECH 2023; 4:72-82. [PMID: 37220538 PMCID: PMC10199995 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-022-00094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive success of flowering plants, which directly affects crop yield, is sensitive to environmental changes. A thorough understanding of how crop reproductive development adapts to climate changes is vital for ensuring global food security. In addition to being a high-value vegetable crop, tomato is also a model plant used for research on plant reproductive development. Tomato crops are cultivated under highly diverse climatic conditions worldwide. Targeted crosses of hybrid varieties have resulted in increased yields and abiotic stress resistance; however, tomato reproduction, especially male reproductive development, is sensitive to temperature fluctuations, which can lead to aborted male gametophytes, with detrimental effects on fruit set. We herein review the cytological features as well as genetic and molecular pathways influencing tomato male reproductive organ development and responses to abiotic stress. We also compare the shared features among the associated regulatory mechanisms of tomato and other plants. Collectively, this review highlights the opportunities and challenges related to characterizing and exploiting genic male sterility in tomato hybrid breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xiaozhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Cao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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7
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Zúñiga-Mayo VM, Durán-Medina Y, Marsch-Martínez N, de Folter S. Hormones and Flower Development in Arabidopsis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2686:111-127. [PMID: 37540356 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3299-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction requires the participation of two gametes, female and male. In angiosperms, gametes develop in specialized organs, pollen (containing the male gametes) develops in the stamens, and the ovule (containing the female gamete) develops in the gynoecium. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the female and male sexual organs are found within the same structure called flower, surrounded by the perianth, which is composed of petals and sepals. During flower development, different organs emerge in an established order and throughout their development distinct tissues within each organ are differentiated. All this requires the coordination and synchronization of several biological processes. To achieve this, hormones and genes work together. These components can interact at different levels generating hormonal interplay and both positive and negative feedback loops, which in turn, gives robustness, stability, and flexibility to flower development. Here, we summarize the progress made on elucidating the role of different hormonal pathways during flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Zúñiga-Mayo
- CONACyT - Postgrado en Fitosanidad-Fitopatología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Durán-Medina
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Nayelli Marsch-Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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8
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Liu J, Ghelli R, Cardarelli M, Geisler M. Arabidopsis TWISTED DWARF1 regulates stamen elongation by differential activation of ABCB1,19-mediated auxin transport. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4818-4831. [PMID: 35512423 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite clear evidence that a local accumulation of auxin is likewise critical for male fertility, much less is known about the components that regulate auxin-controlled stamen development. In this study, we analyzed physiological and morphological parameters in mutants of key players of ABCB-mediated auxin transport, and spatially and temporally dissected their expression on the protein level as well as auxin fluxes in the Arabidopsis stamens. Our analyses revealed that the FKBP42, TWISTED DWARF1 (TWD1), promotes stamen elongation and, to a lesser extent, anther dehiscence, as well as pollen maturation, and thus is required for seed development. Most of the described developmental defects in twd1 are shared with the abcb1 abcb19 mutant, which can be attributed to the fact that TWD1-as a described ABCB chaperone-is a positive regulator of ABCB1- and ABCB19-mediated auxin transport. However, reduced stamen number was dependent on TWD1 but not on investigated ABCBs, suggesting additional players downstream of TWD1. We predict an overall housekeeping function for ABCB1 during earlier stages, while ABCB19 seems to be responsible for the key event of rapid elongation at later stages of stamen development. Our data indicate that TWD1 controls stamen development by differential activation of ABCB1,19-mediated auxin transport in the stamen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Ghelli
- IBPM-CNR, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maura Cardarelli
- IBPM-CNR, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Markus Geisler
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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9
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Xu M, Yan X, Wang Y, Liu C, Yang Q, Tian D, Bednarek SY, Pan J, Wang C. ADAPTOR PROTEIN-1 complex-mediated post-Golgi trafficking is critical for pollen wall development in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:472-487. [PMID: 35451504 PMCID: PMC9545562 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Primexine deposition is essential for the formation of pollen wall patterns and is precisely regulated by the tapetum and microspores. While tapetum- and/or microspore-localized proteins are required for primexine biosynthesis, how their trafficking is established and controlled is poorly understood. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AP1σ1 and AP1σ2, two genes encoding the σ subunit of the trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE)-localized ADAPTOR PROTEIN-1 complex (AP-1), are partially redundant for plant viability, and the loss of AP1σ1 function reduces male fertility due to defective primexine formation. Here, we investigated the role of AP-1 in pollen wall formation. The deposition of Acyl-CoA SYNTHETASE5 (ACOS5) and type III LIPID TRANSFER PROTEINs (LTPs) secreted from the anther tapetum, which are involved in exine formation, were impaired in ap1σ1 mutants. In addition, the microspore plasma membrane (PM) protein RUPTURED POLLEN GRAIN1 (RPG1), which regulates primexine deposition, accumulated abnormally at the TGN/EE in ap1σ1 mutants. We show that AP-1μ recognizes the YXXΦ motif of RPG1, thereby regulating its PM abundance through endocytic trafficking, and that loss of AP1σ1 decreases the levels of other AP-1 subunits at the TGN/EE. Our observations show that AP-1-mediated post-Golgi trafficking plays a vital role in pollen wall development by regulating protein transport in tapetal cells and microspores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Xu Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Chan Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Qian Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Dan Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | | | - Jianwei Pan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Chao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
- College of Life SciencesShaoxing UniversityShaoxingZhejiang312000China
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10
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Hormonal Signaling in the Progamic Phase of Fertilization in Plants. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pollen–pistil interaction is a basic process in the reproductive biology of flowering plants and has been the subject of intense fundamental research that has a pronounced practical value. The phytohormones ethylene (ET) and cytokinin (CK) together with other hormones such as auxin, gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and brassinosteroids (BRs) influence different stages of plant development and growth. Here, we mainly focus on the information about the ET and CK signaling in the progamic phase of fertilization. This signaling occurs during male gametophyte development, including tapetum (TAP) cell death, and pollen tube growth, including synergid programmed cell death (PCD) and self-incompatibility (SI)-induced PCD. ET joins the coordination of successive events in the developing anther, including the TAP development and cell death, anther dehiscence, microspore development, pollen grain maturation, and dehydration. Both ET and CK take part in the regulation of E. ET signaling accompanies adhesion, hydration, and germination of pollen grains in the stigma and growth of pollen tubes in style tissues. Thus, ET production may be implicated in the pollination signaling between organs accumulated in the stigma and transmitted to the style and ovary to ensure successful pollination. Some data suggest that ET and CK signaling are involved in S-RNase-based SI.
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11
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Yang D, Liu Y, Ali M, Ye L, Pan C, Li M, Zhao X, Yu F, Zhao X, Lu G. Phytochrome interacting factor 3 regulates pollen mitotic division through auxin signalling and sugar metabolism pathways in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:560-577. [PMID: 34812499 PMCID: PMC9299586 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of viable pollen determines male fertility, and is crucial for reproduction in flowering plants. Phytochrome interacting factor 3 (PIF3) acts as a central regulator of plant growth and development, but its relationship with pollen development has not been determined. Through genetic, histological and transcriptomic analyses, we identified an essential role for SlPIF3 in regulating tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) pollen development. Knocking out SlPIF3 using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 resulted in pollen mitosis I arrest, and a failure to form viable pollen. We further demonstrated that both glutamate synthase 1 (SlGLT1) and cell wall invertase 9 (SlCWIN9), involved in auxin and sugar homeostasis, respectively, colocalised with SlPIF3 in the anthers and were directly regulated by SlPIF3. Knockout of either SlGLT1 or SlCWIN9 phenocopied the pollen phenotype of SlPIF3 knockout (Slpif3) lines. Slpif3 fertility was partially restored by exogenous auxin indole-3-acetic acid in a dose-dependent manner. This study reveals a mechanism by which SlPIF3 regulates pollen development and highlights a new strategy for creating hormone-regulated genic male sterile lines for tomato hybrid seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yang
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Changtian Pan
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Mengzhuo Li
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Xiaolin Zhao
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Fangjie Yu
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Xinai Zhao
- Department of Stem Cell BiologyCentre for Organismal StudiesHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 230Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality ImprovementMinistry of AgriculturalZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
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Dai Y, Li T, Wang Z, Xing B. Physiological and proteomic analyses reveal the effect of CeO 2 nanoparticles on strawberry reproductive system and fruit quality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152494. [PMID: 34971678 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the environmental impact assessment of nanoparticles (NPs) becomes a pressing problem to ensure the environmental safety and human health. However, the roles of CeO2 NPs on the development of crop reproductive system and fruit quality are largely unknown. Herein, strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) plants were exposed to CeO2 NPs at 0-115 mg/L. The reduced generation of stolon, increased pollen numbers and germination rate of pollen grains, as well as the elongation of pollen tubes contributed to the enhanced yield of strawberry upon CeO2 NP exposure (6-115 mg/L). Furthermore, the fruit quality was improved by increasing total phenols, vitamin C, amino acids, and protein contents. More importantly, even at 115 mg/L treatment, fruit Ce contents (4.4 mg/kg) did not exceed the Ce mean oral reference dose of humans. Finally, label-free proteomic results disclosed that differentially expressed proteins related to malate were down-regulated, and the differential regulation of sugar-associated proteins suggested the changes in sugar composition. The significantly different expression of ascorbate and glutathione related proteins exhibited the increased antioxidant capacity of fruits. The findings in the present study provide new perspectives for understanding the potential risk posed by NPs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Dai
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, No. 238 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Teng Li
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, No. 238 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, No.1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, 161 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
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13
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Westermann J. Two Is Company, but Four Is a Party-Challenges of Tetraploidization for Cell Wall Dynamics and Efficient Tip-Growth in Pollen. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112382. [PMID: 34834745 PMCID: PMC8623246 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Some cells grow by an intricately coordinated process called tip-growth, which allows the formation of long tubular structures by a remarkable increase in cell surface-to-volume ratio and cell expansion across vast distances. On a broad evolutionary scale, tip-growth has been extraordinarily successful, as indicated by its recurrent 're-discovery' throughout evolutionary time in all major land plant taxa which allowed for the functional diversification of tip-growing cell types across gametophytic and sporophytic life-phases. All major land plant lineages have experienced (recurrent) polyploidization events and subsequent re-diploidization that may have positively contributed to plant adaptive evolutionary processes. How individual cells respond to genome-doubling on a shorter evolutionary scale has not been addressed as elaborately. Nevertheless, it is clear that when polyploids first form, they face numerous important challenges that must be overcome for lineages to persist. Evidence in the literature suggests that tip-growth is one of those processes. Here, I discuss the literature to present hypotheses about how polyploidization events may challenge efficient tip-growth and strategies which may overcome them: I first review the complex and multi-layered processes by which tip-growing cells maintain their cell wall integrity and steady growth. I will then discuss how they may be affected by the cellular changes that accompany genome-doubling. Finally, I will depict possible mechanisms polyploid plants may evolve to compensate for the effects caused by genome-doubling to regain diploid-like growth, particularly focusing on cell wall dynamics and the subcellular machinery they are controlled by.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Westermann
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Sheldrake AR. The production of auxin by dying cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2288-2300. [PMID: 33460445 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this review, I discuss the possibility that dying cells produce much of the auxin in vascular plants. The natural auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), is derived from tryptophan by a two-step pathway via indole pyruvic acid. The first enzymes in the pathway, tryptophan aminotransferases, have a low affinity for tryptophan and break it down only when tryptophan levels rise far above normal intracellular concentrations. Such increases occur when tryptophan is released from proteins by hydrolytic enzymes as cells autolyse and die. Many sites of auxin production are in and around dying cells: in differentiating tracheary elements; in root cap cells; in nutritive tissues that break down in developing flowers and seeds; in senescent leaves; and in wounds. Living cells also produce auxin, such as those transformed genetically by the crown gall pathogen. IAA may first have served as an exogenous indicator of the presence of nutrient-rich decomposing organic matter, stimulating the production of rhizoids in bryophytes. As cell death was internalized in bryophytes and in vascular plants, IAA may have taken on a new role as an endogenous hormone.
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15
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Cucinotta M, Cavalleri A, Chandler JW, Colombo L. Auxin and Flower Development: A Blossoming Field. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a039974. [PMID: 33355218 PMCID: PMC7849340 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of the species-specific floral organ body plan involves many coordinated spatiotemporal processes, which include the perception of positional information that specifies floral meristem and floral organ founder cells, coordinated organ outgrowth coupled with the generation and maintenance of inter-organ and inter-whorl boundaries, and the termination of meristem activity. Auxin is integrated within the gene regulatory networks that control these processes and plays instructive roles at the level of tissue-specific biosynthesis and polar transport to generate local maxima, perception, and signaling. Key features of auxin function in several floral contexts include cell nonautonomy, interaction with cytokinin gradients, and the central role of MONOPTEROS and ETTIN to regulate canonical and noncanonical auxin response pathways, respectively. Arabidopsis flowers are not representative of the enormous angiosperm floral diversity; therefore, comparative studies are required to understand how auxin underlies these developmental differences. It will be of great interest to compare the conservation of auxin pathways among flowering plants and to discuss the evolutionary role of auxin in floral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Cucinotta
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alex Cavalleri
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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16
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Abdollahi Sisi N, Růžička K. ER-Localized PIN Carriers: Regulators of Intracellular Auxin Homeostasis. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111527. [PMID: 33182545 PMCID: PMC7697564 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The proper distribution of the hormone auxin is essential for plant development. It is channeled by auxin efflux carriers of the PIN family, typically asymmetrically located on the plasma membrane (PM). Several studies demonstrated that some PIN transporters are also located at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). From the PM-PINs, they differ in a shorter internal hydrophilic loop, which carries the most important structural features required for their subcellular localization, but their biological role is otherwise relatively poorly known. We discuss how ER-PINs take part in maintaining intracellular auxin homeostasis, possibly by modulating the internal levels of IAA; it seems that the exact identity of the metabolites downstream of ER-PINs is not entirely clear as well. We further review the current knowledge about their predicted structure, evolution and localization. Finally, we also summarize their role in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayyer Abdollahi Sisi
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Růžička
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-225-106-429
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17
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Pazhamala LT, Chaturvedi P, Bajaj P, Srikanth S, Ghatak A, Chitikineni A, Bellaire A, Hingane A, Kumar CVS, Saxena KB, Weckwerth W, Saxena RK, Varshney RK. Multiomics approach unravels fertility transition in a pigeonpea line for a two-line hybrid system. THE PLANT GENOME 2020; 13:e20028. [PMID: 33016616 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is a pulse crop cultivated in the semi-arid regions of Asia and Africa. It is a rich source of protein and capable of alleviating malnutrition, improving soil health and the livelihoods of small-holder farmers. Hybrid breeding has provided remarkable improvements for pigeonpea productivity, but owing to a tedious and costly seed production system, an alternative two-line hybrid technology is being explored. In this regard, an environment-sensitive male sterile line has been characterized as a thermosensitive male sterile line in pigeonpea precisely responding to day temperature. The male sterile and fertile anthers from five developmental stages were studied by integrating transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics supported by precise phenotyping and scanning electron microscopic study. Spatio-temporal analysis of anther transcriptome and proteome revealed 17 repressed DEGs/DEPs in sterile anthers that play a critical role in normal cell wall morphogenesis and tapetal cell development. The male fertility to sterility transition was mainly due to a perturbation in auxin homeostasis, leading to impaired cell wall modification and sugar transport. Limited nutrient utilization thus leads to microspore starvation in response to moderately elevated day temperature which could be restored with auxin-treatment in the male sterile line. Our findings outline a molecular mechanism that underpins fertility transition responses thereby providing a process-oriented two-line hybrid breeding framework for pigeonpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekha T Pazhamala
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 324, India
| | - Palak Chaturvedi
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Prasad Bajaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 324, India
| | - Sandhya Srikanth
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 324, India
| | - Arindam Ghatak
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Annapurna Chitikineni
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 324, India
| | - Anke Bellaire
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Anupama Hingane
- Crop Improvement Theme, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 324, India
| | - C V Sameer Kumar
- Crop Improvement Theme, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 324, India
| | - K B Saxena
- Crop Improvement Theme, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 324, India
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rachit K Saxena
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 324, India
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 324, India
- Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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18
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An J, Althiab Almasaud R, Bouzayen M, Zouine M, Chervin C. Auxin and ethylene regulation of fruit set. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 292:110381. [PMID: 32005386 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
With the forecasted fast increase in world population and global climate change, providing sufficient amounts of quality food becomes a major challenge for human society. Seed and fruit crop yield is determined by developmental processes including flower initiation, pollen fertility and fruit set. Fruit set is defined as the transition from flower to young fruit, a key step in the development of sexually reproducing higher plants. Plant hormones have important roles during flower pollination and fertilization, leading to fruit set. Moreover, it is well established that fruit set can be triggered by phytohormones like auxin and gibberellins (GAs), in the absence of fertilization, both hormones being commonly used to produce parthenocarpic fruits and to increase fruit yield. Additionally, a number of studies highlighted the role of ethylene in plant reproductive organ development. The present review integrates current knowledge on the roles of auxin and ethylene in different steps of the fruit set process with a specific emphasis on the interactions between the two hormones. A deeper understanding of the interplay between auxin and ethylene may provide new leads towards designing strategies for a better control of fruit initiation and ultimately yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- Laboratory Genomics and Biotechnology of Fruits, INRA, Toulouse INP, University of Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Rasha Althiab Almasaud
- Laboratory Genomics and Biotechnology of Fruits, INRA, Toulouse INP, University of Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- Laboratory Genomics and Biotechnology of Fruits, INRA, Toulouse INP, University of Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Mohamed Zouine
- Laboratory Genomics and Biotechnology of Fruits, INRA, Toulouse INP, University of Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Christian Chervin
- Laboratory Genomics and Biotechnology of Fruits, INRA, Toulouse INP, University of Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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19
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Loubert-Hudon A, Mazin BD, Chevalier É, Matton DP. The ScRALF3 secreted peptide is involved in sporophyte to gametophyte signalling and affects pollen mitosis I. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:13-20. [PMID: 31529608 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Signalling events through small peptides are essential in multiple aspects of plant reproduction. The ScRALF3 Solanum chacoense Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF) peptide was previously shown to regulate multiple aspects of cell-cell communication between the surrounding sporophytic tissue and the female gametophyte during ovule development. We analysed the global expression pattern of ScRALF3 with GUS reporter gene under control of the ScRALF3 promoter and validated it with in situ hybridisation. To better understand the role of ScRALF3 we used three different RNA interference (RNAi) lines that reduced the expression of ScRALF3 during pollen development. Both expression methods showed the presence of ScRALF3 in different tissues, including stigma, style, vascular tissues and during stamen development. Down-regulation of ScRALF3 expression through RNAi showed drastic defects in early stages of pollen development, mainly on the first mitosis. These results suggest that the ScRALF3 secreted peptide regulates the transition from sporogenesis to gametogenesis in both male and female gametophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Loubert-Hudon
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - B D Mazin
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - É Chevalier
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - D P Matton
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec, H1X 2B2, Canada
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20
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Zhou X, Shi F, Zhou L, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Ji R, Feng H. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of fertile and sterile flower buds from a genetic male sterile line ‘AB01’ in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis). J Proteomics 2019; 204:103395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Comprehensive analysis of Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility-related genes in turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapifera) using RNA sequencing analysis and bioinformatics. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218029. [PMID: 31199816 PMCID: PMC6568414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ogura-type cytoplasmic male sterility (Ogura-CMS) has been widely used in the hybrid breeding industry for cruciferous vegetables. Turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapifera) is one of the most important local cruciferous vegetables in China, cultivated for its fleshy root as a flat disc. Here, morphological characteristics of an Ogura-CMS line ‘BY10-2A’ and its maintainer fertile (MF) line ‘BY10-2B’ of turnip were investigated. Ogura-CMS turnip showed a reduction in the size of the fleshy root, and had distinct defects in microspore development and tapetum degeneration during the transition from microspore mother cells to tetrads. Defective microspore production and premature tapetum degeneration during microgametogenesis resulted in short filaments and withered white anthers, leading to complete male sterility of the Ogura-CMS line. Additionally, the mechanism regulating Ogura-CMS in turnip was investigated using inflorescence transcriptome analyses of the Ogura-CMS and MF lines. The de novo assembly resulted in a total of 84,132 unigenes. Among them, 5,117 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 1,339 up- and 3,778 down-regulated genes in the Ogura-CMS line compared to the MF line. A number of functionally known members involved in anther development and microspore formation were addressed in our DEG pool, particularly genes regulating tapetum programmed cell death (PCD), and associated with pollen wall formation. Additionally, 185 novel genes were proposed to function in male organ development based on GO analyses, of which 26 DEGs were genotype-specifically expressed. Our research provides a comprehensive foundation for understanding anther development and the CMS mechanism in turnip.
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22
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Gan Z, Feng Y, Wu T, Wang Y, Xu X, Zhang X, Han Z. Downregulation of the auxin transporter gene SlPIN8 results in pollen abortion in tomato. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:561-573. [PMID: 30734902 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00836-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
SlPIN8 is expressed specifically within tomato pollen, and that it is involved in tomato pollen development and intracellular auxin homeostasis. The auxin (IAA) transport protein PIN-FORMED (PIN) plays key roles in various aspects of plant development. The biological role of the auxin transporter SlPIN8 in tomato development remains unclear. Here, we examined the expression pattern of the SlPIN8 gene in vegetative and reproductive organs of tomato. RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic lines specifically silenced for the SlPIN8 gene were generated to identify the role of SlPIN8 in pollen development. We found that SlPIN8 mRNA is expressed specifically within tomato pollen. In the anthers, the highest mRNA expression and β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity of promoter-SlPIN8-GUS was detected during late stages of anther development, when pollen maturation occurred. The downregulation of SlPIN8 did not drastically affect the vegetative growth of tomato. However, in SlPIN8-RNAi transgenic plants, approximately 80% of the pollen grains were identified to be abnormal and lack viability; they were shriveled and flattened. Furthermore, the downregulation of SlPIN8 affected the gene expression of some anther development-specific proteins. SlPIN8-RNAi transgenic plants induced seedless fruits because of defective pollen function rather than defective female gametophyte function. In addition, SlPIN8 was found to localize to the endoplasmic reticulum, consistent with the changes in the auxin levels of SlPIN8-RNAi lines, whereas the level of free IAA was increased in SlPIN8-overexpressing protoplasts, indicating that SlPIN8 is involved in intracellular auxin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyu Gan
- Institute of Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Feng
- Institute of Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute of Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- Institute of Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- Institute of Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Zhang J, Chen J, Wang L, Zhao S, Li J, Liu B, Li H, Qi X, Zheng H, Lu M. AtBET5 is essential for exine pattern formation and apical meristem organization in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:231-241. [PMID: 30080609 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BET5 is a component of trafficking protein particle (TRAPP) which has been studied extensively in non-plant organisms where they are involved in membrane trafficking within Golgi and between Golgi and early endosomes. Recent analysis of TRAPP in different classes of organisms indicates that TRAPP function might exhibit differences among organisms. A single copy of the BET5 gene named AtBET5 was found in the Arabidopsis genome based on sequence similarity. Developmental phenotype and the underlying mechanisms have been characterized upon transcriptional knock-down lines generated by both T-DNA insertion and RNAi. Pollen grains of the T-DNA insertional line present reduced fertility and pilate exine instead of tectate exine. Perturbation of the AtBET5 expression by RNAi leads to apical meristematic organization defects and reduced fertility as well. The reduced fertility was due to the pollination barrier caused by an altered composition and structure of pollen walls. Auxin response in root tip cells is altered and there is a severe disruption in polar localization of PIN1-GFP, but to a less extent of PIN2-GFP in the root tips, which causes the apical meristematic organization defects and might also be responsible for the secretion of sporopollenin precursor or polar targeting of sporopollenin precursor transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100 091, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100 091, China; Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Lijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100 091, China
| | - Shutang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100 091, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100 091, China
| | - Bobin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100 091, China
| | - Hongying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100 091, China
| | - Xingyun Qi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Huanquan Zheng
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada.
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100 091, China.
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Salinas-Grenet H, Herrera-Vásquez A, Parra S, Cortez A, Gutiérrez L, Pollmann S, León G, Blanco-Herrera F. Modulation of Auxin Levels in Pollen Grains Affects Stamen Development and Anther Dehiscence in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092480. [PMID: 30131475 PMCID: PMC6164920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin regulates diverse aspects of flower development in plants, such as differentiation of the apical meristem, elongation of the stamen, and maturation of anthers and pollen. It is known that auxin accumulates in pollen, but little information regarding the biological relevance of auxin in this tissue at different times of development is available. In this work, we manipulated the amount of free auxin specifically in developing pollen, using transgenic Arabidopsis lines that express the bacterial indole-3-acetic acid-lysine synthetase (iaaL) gene driven by a collection of pollen-specific promoters. The iaaL gene codes for an indole-3-acetic acid-lysine synthetase that catalyzes the conversion of free auxin into inactive indole-3-acetyl-l-lysine. The transgenic lines showed several abnormalities, including the absence of short stamina, a diminished seed set, aberrant pollen tubes, and perturbations in the synchronization of anther dehiscence and stamina development. This article describes the importance of auxin accumulation in pollen and its role in stamina and anther development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Salinas-Grenet
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0186, Chile.
| | - Ariel Herrera-Vásquez
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0186, Chile.
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Systems and Synthetic Biology (MIISSB), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Samuel Parra
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0186, Chile.
| | - Allan Cortez
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0186, Chile.
| | - Lilian Gutiérrez
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0186, Chile.
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)⁻Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
| | - Gabriel León
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0186, Chile.
| | - Francisca Blanco-Herrera
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0186, Chile.
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Systems and Synthetic Biology (MIISSB), Santiago, Chile.
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Yu XZ, Lin YJ, Lu CJ, Gupta DK. Microarray-based expression analysis of phytohormone-related genes in rice seedlings during cyanide metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:19701-19712. [PMID: 29736647 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants exhibit highly coordinated, dynamic reactions to various abiotic stressors. As cyanide is a non-essential element for plant growth, entry inside plants can exert toxicity at multiple levels. In plant, hormone plays a pivot role under stress conditions. The fluctuations of stress-responsive hormones help in altering cellular dynamics and hence play a central role in coordination and adaptation growth responses under stress. This study focusses on uptake of cyanide in Oryza sativa seedlings and its effect on physiological and on genetic level. Microarray approach has been focused on transcriptional profiling of genes which are involved in systemic acquired resistance for cyanide. Our study shows that the change in different hormonal contents maintained almost the same pattern in roots and shoots upon CN exposure, except for SA. However, the hormone-related gene expression pattern conducted by microarray analysis was inconsistent in both plant materials (root/shoots). Comparison of gene expression between root/shoots showed a total of 29 in roots and 16 DEGs, respectively, indicating that hormone-related genes in roots were more responsive than those in shoots during exogenous CN metabolism. These results showed a remarkable change at transcript level of plant hormone-related genes, including biosynthesis, degradation, induction, and signal transduction under cyanide stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhang Yu
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Yu-Juan Lin
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Chun-Jiao Lu
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Dharmendra K Gupta
- Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
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Yao X, Tian L, Yang J, Zhao YN, Zhu YX, Dai X, Zhao Y, Yang ZN. Auxin production in diploid microsporocytes is necessary and sufficient for early stages of pollen development. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007397. [PMID: 29813066 PMCID: PMC5993292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gametophytic development in Arabidopsis depends on nutrients and cell wall materials from sporophytic cells. However, it is not clear whether hormones and signaling molecules from sporophytic tissues are also required for gametophytic development. Herein, we show that auxin produced by the flavin monooxygenases YUC2 and YUC6 in the sporophytic microsporocytes is essential for early stages of pollen development. The first asymmetric mitotic division (PMI) of haploid microspores is the earliest event in male gametophyte development. Microspore development in yuc2yuc6 double mutants arrests before PMI and consequently yuc2yuc6 fail to produce viable pollens. Our genetic analyses reveal that YUC2 and YUC6 act as sporophytic genes for pollen formation. We further show that ectopic production of auxin in tapetum, which provides nutrients for pollen development, fails to rescue the sterile phenotypes of yuc2yuc6. In contrast, production of auxin in either microsporocytes or microspores rescued the defects of pollen development in yuc2yuc6 double mutants. Our results demonstrate that local auxin biosynthesis in sporophytic microsporocytic cells and microspore controls male gametophyte development during the generation transition from sporophyte to male gametophyte. Plant life cycle alternates between the diploid sporophyte generation and the haploid gametophyte generation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing the generation alternation impacts fundamental plant biology and plant breeding. It is known that the development of haploid generation in vascular plants requires the diploid tapetum cells to supply nutrients. Here we show that the male gametophyte (haploid) development in Arabidopsis requires auxin produced in the diploid microsporocytic cells. Moreover, we show that auxin produced in microsporocytic cells and microspore is also sufficient to support normal development of the haploid microspores. This work demonstrates that Arabidopsis uses two different diploid cell types to supply growth hormone and nutrients for the growth of the haploid generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Yao
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tian
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Na Zhao
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xiu Zhu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yunde Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YZ); (ZNY)
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (ZNY)
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Kovaleva LV, Voronkov AS, Zakharova EV, Andreev IM. ABA and IAA control microsporogenesis in Petunia hybrida L. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:751-759. [PMID: 29134282 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The formation of fertile male gametophyte is known to require timely degeneration of polyfunctional tapetum tissue. The last process caused by the programmed cell death (PCD) is a part of the anther program maturation which leads to sequential anther tissue destruction coordinated with pollen differentiation. In the present work, distribution of abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in developing anthers of male-fertile and male-sterile lines of petunia (Petunia hybrida L.) was analyzed by using the immunohistochemical method. It was established that the development of fertile male gametophyte was accompanied by monotonous elevation of ABA and IAA levels in reproductive cells and, in contrast, their monotonous lowering in tapetum cells and the middle layers. Abortion of microsporocytes in the meiosis prophase in the sterile line caused by premature tapetum degeneration along with complete maintenance of the middle layers was accompanied by dramatic, twofold elevation in the levels of both the phytohormones in reproductive cells. The data obtained allowed us to conclude that at the meiosis stage ABA and IAA are involved in the PCD of microsporocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Kovaleva
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - A S Voronkov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
- State Humanitarian-Technological University, Zelenaya St. 22, Orekhovo-Zuyevo, 142611, Russia
| | - E V Zakharova
- Russian State Agrarian University-Agricultural Academy named by Timiryazev, Timiryazevskaya St. 49, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - I M Andreev
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
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Zhang C, Li G, Chen T, Feng B, Fu W, Yan J, Islam MR, Jin Q, Tao L, Fu G. Heat stress induces spikelet sterility in rice at anthesis through inhibition of pollen tube elongation interfering with auxin homeostasis in pollinated pistils. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:14. [PMID: 29532187 PMCID: PMC5847639 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollen tube elongation in the pistil is a key step for pollination success in plants, and auxins play an important role in this process. However, the function of auxins in pollen tube elongation in the pistil of rice under heat stress has seldom been previously reported. RESULTS Two rice genotypes differing in heat tolerance were subjected to heat stress of 40 °C for 2 h after flowering. A sharp decrease in spikelet fertility was found in the Nipponbare (NPB) and its mutant High temperature susceptible (HTS) under heat stress, but the stress-induced spikelet sterility was reversed by 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), especially the HTS. Under heat stress, the pollen tubes of NPB were visible in ovule, while those of HTS were invisible. However, we found the pollen tubes in ovule when sprayed with NAA. During this process, a significant increase in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was found in the pistil of heat-stressed NPB, while in heat-stressed HTS they were obviously decreased. Additionally, the peroxidase (POD) activity in pistil of NPB was significantly decreased by heat stress, whereas there was no difference between the heat-stressed and non-heat-stressed pistils of HTS. CONCLUSION It was concluded that the enhancement of heat tolerance in plants by NAA was achieved through the increase of the levels of auxins, which prevented the inhibition of pollen tube elongation in pistil, and the crosstalk between auxins and ROS, which might be involved in this process. In addition, POD might be a negative mediator in pollen tube elongation under heat stress due to its ability to scavenge ROS and degrade auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Zhang
- National key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 31000 China
| | - Guangyan Li
- National key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 31000 China
| | - Tingting Chen
- National key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 31000 China
| | - Baohua Feng
- National key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 31000 China
| | - Weimeng Fu
- National key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 31000 China
| | - Jinxiang Yan
- National key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 31000 China
| | - Mohammad Rezaul Islam
- National key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 31000 China
| | - Qianyu Jin
- National key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 31000 China
| | - Longxing Tao
- National key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 31000 China
| | - Guanfu Fu
- National key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 31000 China
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29
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Wei K, Chen H. Global identification, structural analysis and expression characterization of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase superfamily in rice. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:35. [PMID: 29320982 PMCID: PMC5764023 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450, CYP, P450) catalyze numerous monooxygenation/hydroxylation reactions in biochemical pathways. Although CYP superfamily has been systematically studied in a few species, the genome-scale research about it in rice has not been done. RESULTS In this study, a total of 355 CYPs encoded by 326 genes were identified in japonica genome. The OsCYP genes are classified into 10 clans including 45 families according to phylogenetic analysis. More than half of the genes are distributed in 53 tandem duplicated gene clusters. Intron-exon structure of OsCYPs exhibits highly conserved and specificity within a family, and divergences of duplicate genes in gene structure result in non-functionalization, neo-functionalization or sub-functionalization. Selection pressure analysis showed that rice CYPs are under purifying selection. The microarray data analysis shows that some genes are tissue-specific expression, such as OsCYP710A5 and OsCYP71X14 in endosperm, OsCYP99A3 and OsCYP78A16 in root and OsCYP93G2 and OsCYP97D7 in leaf. Analysis of RNA-seq data derived from rice leaf developmental gradient indicates that some OsCYPs exhibit zone-specific expression patterns. OsCYP87C2, OsCYP96B5, OsCYP96B8 and OsCYP84A5 were specifically expressed in leaf base and transitional zone. The transcripts of lineages II and IV-1 members were highly abundant in maturing zone. Eighty three OsCYPs are differentially expressed in response to drought stress, of which OsCYP51G3, OsCYP709C9, OsCYP709C5, OsCYP81A6, OsCYP72A18 and OsCYP704A5 are strongly induced and OsCYP78A16, OsCYP89C9 and OsCYP704A5 are down-regulated significantly, and some of the results were validated by qPCR. And 23 up-regulated and 17 down-regulated genes are specific to Osbhlh148 mutation under drought stress. Compared to those in wild type, the changes in transcript levels of several genes are slight in the mutant, such as OsCYP51G3, OsCYP94C2, OsCYP709C9 and OsCYP709C5. CONCLUSION The whole-genomic analysis of rice P450 superfamily provides a clue to understanding biological function of OsCYPs in development regulation and drought stress response, and is helpful to rice molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifa Wei
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, 36 Xian-Qian-Zhi Street, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China.
| | - Huiqin Chen
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, 36 Xian-Qian-Zhi Street, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China.
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Estornell LH, Landberg K, Cierlik I, Sundberg E. SHI/ STY Genes Affect Pre- and Post-meiotic Anther Processes in Auxin Sensing Domains in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:150. [PMID: 29491878 PMCID: PMC5817092 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, mature sperm cells are enclosed in pollen grains formed in structures called anthers. Several cell layers surrounding the central sporogenous cells of the anther are essential for directing the developmental processes that lead to meiosis, pollen formation, and the subsequent pollen release. The specification and function of these tissues are regulated by a large number of genetic factors. Additionally, the plant hormone auxin has previously been shown to play important roles in the later phases of anther development. Using the R2D2 auxin sensor system we here show that auxin is sensed also in the early phases of anther cell layer development, suggesting that spatiotemporal regulation of auxin levels is important for early anther morphogenesis. Members of the SHI/STY transcription factor family acting as direct regulators of YUC auxin biosynthesis genes have previously been demonstrated to affect early anther patterning. Using reporter constructs we show that SHI/STY genes are dynamically active throughout anther development and their expression overlaps with those of three additional downstream targets, PAO5, EOD3 and PGL1. Characterization of anthers carrying mutations in five SHI/STY genes clearly suggests that SHI/STY transcription factors affect anther organ identity. In addition, their activity is important to repress periclinal cell divisions as well as premature entrance into programmed cell death and cell wall lignification, which directly influences the timing of anther dehiscence and the pollen viability. The SHI/STY proteins also prevent premature pollen germination suggesting that they may play a role in the induction or maintenance of pollen dormancy.
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31
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Liu Z, Miao L, Huo R, Song X, Johnson C, Kong L, Sundaresan V, Yu X. ARF2-ARF4 and ARF5 are Essential for Female and Male Gametophyte Development in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:179-189. [PMID: 29145642 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin plays critical roles in plant growth and development. Auxin response factors (ARFs) are a class of transcription factors which regulate auxin-mediated gene expression. While the functions of ARFs in sporophytic development have been well characterized, their functions specific to gametophytic development have not been studied extensively. In this study, Arabidopsis ARF genes were selectively down-regulated in gametophytes by misexpression of targeted microRNAs (amiRARF234, amiRARFMP and MIR167a) to silence AtARF2-AtAEF4, AtARF5, AtARF6 and AtARF8. Embryo sacs in amiRARF234- and amiRARFMP-expressing plants exhibited identity defects in cells at the micropylar pole, such as formation of two cells with egg cell-like morphology, concomitant with loss of synergid marker expression and seed abortion. The pollen grains of the transgenic plants were morphologically aberrant and unviable, and the inclusions and nuclei were lost in the abnormal pollen grains. However, plants misexpressing MIR167a showed no obvious abnormal phenotypes in the embryo sacs and pollen grains. Overall, these results provide evidence that AtARF2-AtARF4 and AtARF5 play significant roles in regulating both female and male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis.
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MESH Headings
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/growth & development
- Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics
- Base Sequence
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Down-Regulation
- Gametogenesis, Plant/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Germ Cells, Plant/growth & development
- Germ Cells, Plant/metabolism
- Germ Cells, Plant/ultrastructure
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Seeds/genetics
- Seeds/growth & development
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Transcription Factors/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenning Liu
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Liming Miao
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruxue Huo
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Xiaoya Song
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cameron Johnson
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lijun Kong
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Xiaolin Yu
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Fan X, Yuan D, Tian X, Zhu Z, Liu M, Cao H. Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis of Phytohormone Biosynthesis and Signaling Genes in the Flowers of Chinese Chinquapin (Castanea henryi). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10332-10349. [PMID: 29111713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chinese chinquapin (Castanea henryi) nut provides a rich source of starch and nutrients as food and feed, but its yield is restricted by a low ratio of female to male flowers. Little is known about the developmental programs underlying sex differentiation of the flowers. To investigate the involvement of phytohormones during sex differentiation, we described the morphology of male and female floral organs and the cytology of flower sex differentiation, analyzed endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GAs), cytokinins (CKs), and abscisic acid (ABA) in the flowers, investigated the effects of exogenous hormones on flower development, and evaluated the expression profiles of genes related to biosyntheses and signaling pathways of these four hormones using RNA-Seq combined with qPCR. Morphological results showed that the flowers consisted of unisexual and bisexual catkins, and could be divided into four developmental stages. HPLC results showed that CK accumulated much more in the female flowers than that in the male flowers, GA and ABA showed the opposite results, while IAA did not show a tendency. The effects of exogenous hormones on sex differentiation were consistent with those of endogenous hormones. RNA-Seq combined with qPCR analyses suggest that several genes may play key roles in hormone biosynthesis and sex differentiation. This study presents the first comprehensive report of phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling during sex differentiation of C. henryi, which should provide a foundation for further mechanistic studies of sex differentiation in Castanea Miller species and other nonmodel plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoming Tian
- Hunan Forest Botanical Garden , Changsha, Hunan 410116, China
| | | | | | - Heping Cao
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center , New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, United States of America
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33
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Zhou X, Liu Z, Ji R, Feng H. Comparative transcript profiling of fertile and sterile flower buds from multiple-allele-inherited male sterility in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis). Mol Genet Genomics 2017; 292:967-990. [PMID: 28492984 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We studied the underlying causes of multiple-allele-inherited male sterility in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) by identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to pollen sterility between fertile and sterile flower buds. In this work, we verified the stages of sterility microscopically and then performed transcriptome analysis of mRNA isolated from fertile and sterile buds using Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform sequencing. Approximately 80% of ~229 million high-quality paired-end reads were uniquely mapped to the reference genome. In sterile buds, 699 genes were significantly up-regulated and 4096 genes were down-regulated. Among the DEGs, 28 pollen cell wall-related genes, 54 transcription factor genes, 45 phytohormone-related genes, 20 anther and pollen-related genes, 212 specifically expressed transcripts, and 417 DEGs located on linkage group A07 were identified. Six transcription factor genes BrAMS, BrMS1, BrbHLH089, BrbHLH091, BrAtMYB103, and BrANAC025 were identified as putative sterility-related genes. The weak auxin signal that is regulated by BrABP1 may be one of the key factors causing pollen sterility observed here. Moreover, several significantly enriched GO terms such as "cell wall organization or biogenesis" (GO:0071554), "intrinsic to membrane" (GO:0031224), "integral to membrane" (GO:0016021), "hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds" (GO:0016788), and one significantly enriched pathway "starch and sucrose metabolism" (ath00500) were identified in this work. qRT-PCR, PCR, and in situ hybridization experiments validated our RNA-seq transcriptome analysis as accurate and reliable. This study will lay the foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanism(s) that underly sterility and provide valuable information for studying multiple-allele-inherited male sterility in the Chinese cabbage line 'AB01'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqin Ji
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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34
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Yang J, Yuan Z, Meng Q, Huang G, Périn C, Bureau C, Meunier AC, Ingouff M, Bennett MJ, Liang W, Zhang D. Dynamic Regulation of Auxin Response during Rice Development Revealed by Newly Established Hormone Biosensor Markers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:256. [PMID: 28326089 PMCID: PMC5339295 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The hormone auxin is critical for many plant developmental processes. Unlike the model eudicot plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), auxin distribution and signaling in rice tissues has not been systematically investigated due to the absence of suitable auxin response reporters. In this study we observed the conservation of auxin signaling components between Arabidopsis and model monocot crop rice (Oryza sativa), and generated complementary types of auxin biosensor constructs, one derived from the Aux/IAA-based biosensor DII-VENUS but constitutively driven by maize ubiquitin-1 promoter, and the other termed DR5-VENUS in which a synthetic auxin-responsive promoter (DR5rev ) was used to drive expression of the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). Using the obtained transgenic lines, we observed that during the vegetative development, accumulation of DR5-VENUS signal was at young and mature leaves, tiller buds and stem base. Notably, abundant DR5-VENUS signals were observed in the cytoplasm of cortex cells surrounding lateral root primordia (LRP) in rice. In addition, auxin maxima and dynamic re-localization were seen at the initiation sites of inflorescence and spikelet primordia including branch meristems (BMs), female and male organs. The comparison of these observations among Arabidopsis, rice and maize suggests the unique role of auxin in regulating rice lateral root emergence and reproduction. Moreover, protein localization of auxin transporters PIN1 homologs and GFP tagged OsAUX1 overlapped with DR5-VENUS during spikelet development, helping validate these auxin response reporters are reliable markers in rice. This work firstly reveals the direct correspondence between auxin distribution and rice reproductive and root development at tissue and cellular level, and provides high-resolution auxin tools to probe fundamental developmental processes in rice and to establish links between auxin, development and agronomical traits like yield or root architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University–University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zheng Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University–University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University–University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University–University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Malcolm J. Bennett
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of NottinghamSutton Bonington, UK
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University–University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University–University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of AdelaideUrrbrae, SA, Australia
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Kohalmi SE, Amyot L, Hannoufa A. SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 2 controls floral organ development and plant fertility by activating ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 92:661-674. [PMID: 27605094 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0536-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A network of genes is coordinately expressed to ensure proper development of floral organs and fruits, which are essential for generating new offspring in flowering plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, microRNA156 (miR156) plays a role in regulating the development of flowers and siliques by targeting members of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) gene family. Despite the important roles of the miR156/SPL network, our understanding of its downstream genes that are involved in floral organ and silique growth is still incomplete. Here, we report that the miR156/SPL2 regulatory pathway regulates pollen production, fertility rate, and the elongation of floral organs, including petals, sepals, and siliques in Arabidopsis. Transgenic plants exhibiting both overexpression of miR156 and dominant-negative alleles of SPL2 had reduced ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 (AS2) transcript levels in their siliques. Furthermore, their fertility phenotype was similar to that of the AS2 loss-of-function mutant. We also demonstrate that the SPL2 protein binds to the 5'UTR of the AS2 gene in vivo, indicating that AS2 is directly regulated by SPL2. Our results suggest that the miR156/SPL2 pathway affects floral organs, silique development and plant fertility, as well as directly regulates AS2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishuo Wang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1511 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1511 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Susanne E Kohalmi
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1511 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Lisa Amyot
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Abdelali Hannoufa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada.
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1511 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Ugalde JM, Rodriguez-Furlán C, Rycke RD, Norambuena L, Friml J, León G, Tejos R. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases 1 and 2 are involved in the regulation of vacuole morphology during Arabidopsis thaliana pollen development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 250:10-19. [PMID: 27457979 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The pollen grains arise after meiosis of pollen mother cells within the anthers. A series of complex structural changes follows, generating mature pollen grains capable of performing the double fertilization of the female megasporophyte. Several signaling molecules, including hormones and lipids, have been involved in the regulation and appropriate control of pollen development. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phophate 5-kinases (PIP5K), which catalyze the biosynthesis of the phosphoinositide PtdIns(4,5)P2, are important for tip polar growth of root hairs and pollen tubes, embryo development, vegetative plant growth, and responses to the environment. Here, we report a role of PIP5Ks during microgametogenesis. PIP5K1 and PIP5K2 are expressed during early stages of pollen development and their transcriptional activity respond to auxin in pollen grains. Early male gametophytic lethality to certain grade was observed in both pip5k1(-/-) and pip5k2(-/-) single mutants. The number of pip5k mutant alleles is directly related to the frequency of aborted pollen grains suggesting the two genes are involved in the same function. Indeed PIP5K1 and PIP5K2 are functionally redundant since homozygous double mutants did not render viable pollen grains. The loss of function of PIP5K1 and PIP5K2results in defects in vacuole morphology in pollen at the later stages and epidermal root cells. Our results show that PIP5K1, PIP5K2 and phosphoinositide signaling are important cues for early developmental stages and vacuole formation during microgametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Manuel Ugalde
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Desarrollo de Plantas, Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Rodriguez-Furlán
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, 7800003 Santiago, Chile
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Lorena Norambuena
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, 7800003 Santiago, Chile
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Gabriel León
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Desarrollo de Plantas, Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Tejos
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, 7800003 Santiago, Chile; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Quimica y Biologia, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Kovaleva LV, Voronkov AS, Zakharova EV, Minkina YV, Timofeeva GV, Andreev IM. Exogenous IAA and ABA stimulate germination of petunia male gametophyte by activating Ca2+-dependent K+-channels and by modulating the activity of plasmalemma H+-ATPase and actin cytoskeleton. Russ J Dev Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360416030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Robert HS, Crhak Khaitova L, Mroue S, Benková E. The importance of localized auxin production for morphogenesis of reproductive organs and embryos in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:5029-42. [PMID: 26019252 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant sexual reproduction involves highly structured and specialized organs: stamens (male) and gynoecia (female, containing ovules). These organs synchronously develop within protective flower buds, until anthesis, via tightly coordinated mechanisms that are essential for effective fertilization and production of viable seeds. The phytohormone auxin is one of the key endogenous signalling molecules controlling initiation and development of these, and other, plant organs. In particular, its uneven distribution, resulting from tightly controlled production, metabolism and directional transport, is an important morphogenic factor. In this review we discuss how developmentally controlled and localized auxin biosynthesis and transport contribute to the coordinated development of plants' reproductive organs, and their fertilized derivatives (embryos) via the regulation of auxin levels and distribution within and around them. Current understanding of the links between de novo local auxin biosynthesis, auxin transport and/or signalling is presented to highlight the importance of the non-cell autonomous action of auxin production on development and morphogenesis of reproductive organs and embryos. An overview of transcription factor families, which spatiotemporally define local auxin production by controlling key auxin biosynthetic enzymes, is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène S Robert
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Crhak Khaitova
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Souad Mroue
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Benková
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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Chen R, Shen LP, Wang DH, Wang FG, Zeng HY, Chen ZS, Peng YB, Lin YN, Tang X, Deng MH, Yao N, Luo JC, Xu ZH, Bai SN. A Gene Expression Profiling of Early Rice Stamen Development that Reveals Inhibition of Photosynthetic Genes by OsMADS58. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1069-89. [PMID: 25684654 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Stamen is a unique plant organ wherein germ cells or microsporocytes that commit to meiosis are initiated from somatic cells during its early developmental process. While genes determining stamen identity are known according to the ABC model of floral development, little information is available on how these genes affect germ cell initiation. By using the Affymetrix GeneChip Rice Genome Array to assess 51 279 transcripts, we established a dynamic gene expression profile (GEP) of the early developmental process of rice (Oryza sativa) stamen. Systematic analysis of the GEP data revealed novel expression patterns of some developmentally important genes including meiosis-, tapetum-, and phytohormone-related genes. Following the finding that a substantial amount of nuclear genes encoding photosynthetic proteins are expressed at the low levels in early rice stamen, through the ChIP-seq analysis we found that a C-class MADS box protein, OsMADS58, binds many nuclear-encoded genes participated in photosystem and light reactions and the expression levels of most of them are increased when expression of OsMADS58 is downregulated in the osmads58 mutant. Furthermore, more pro-chloroplasts are observed and increased signals of reactive oxygen species are detected in the osmads58 mutant anthers. These findings implicate a novel link between stamen identity determination and hypoxia status establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li-Ping Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dong-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fu-Gui Wang
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hong-Yun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi-Ben Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ya-Nan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Center for Bioinformatics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming-Hua Deng
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Nan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jing-Chu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Center for Bioinformatics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu-Nong Bai
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; The National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 624 Jin-Guang Life Science Building, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China.
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40
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Balzan S, Johal GS, Carraro N. The role of auxin transporters in monocots development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:393. [PMID: 25177324 PMCID: PMC4133927 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a key regulator of plant growth and development, orchestrating cell division, elongation and differentiation, embryonic development, root and stem tropisms, apical dominance, and transition to flowering. Auxin levels are higher in undifferentiated cell populations and decrease following organ initiation and tissue differentiation. This differential auxin distribution is achieved by polar auxin transport (PAT) mediated by auxin transport proteins. There are four major families of auxin transporters in plants: PIN-FORMED (PIN), ATP-binding cassette family B (ABCB), AUXIN1/LIKE-AUX1s, and PIN-LIKES. These families include proteins located at the plasma membrane or at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which participate in auxin influx, efflux or both, from the apoplast into the cell or from the cytosol into the ER compartment. Auxin transporters have been largely studied in the dicotyledon model species Arabidopsis, but there is increasing evidence of their role in auxin regulated development in monocotyledon species. In monocots, families of auxin transporters are enlarged and often include duplicated genes and proteins with high sequence similarity. Some of these proteins underwent sub- and neo-functionalization with substantial modification to their structure and expression in organs such as adventitious roots, panicles, tassels, and ears. Most of the present information on monocot auxin transporters function derives from studies conducted in rice, maize, sorghum, and Brachypodium, using pharmacological applications (PAT inhibitors) or down-/up-regulation (over-expression and RNA interference) of candidate genes. Gene expression studies and comparison of predicted protein structures have also increased our knowledge of the role of PAT in monocots. However, knockout mutants and functional characterization of single genes are still scarce and the future availability of such resources will prove crucial to elucidate the role of auxin transporters in monocots development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Balzan
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Food, Natural Resources and Environment, Agripolis, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Gurmukh S. Johal
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nicola Carraro
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
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Cardarelli M, Cecchetti V. Auxin polar transport in stamen formation and development: how many actors? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:333. [PMID: 25076953 PMCID: PMC4100440 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, proper development of stamens, the male reproductive organs, is required for successful sexual reproduction. In Arabidopsis thaliana normally six stamen primordia arise in the third whorl of floral organs and subsequently differentiate into stamen filaments and anthers, where male meiosis occurs, thus ending the early developmental phase. This early phase is followed by a late developmental phase, which consists of a rapid elongation of stamen filaments coordinated with anther dehiscence and pollen maturation, and terminates with mature pollen grain release at anthesis. Increasing evidence suggests that auxin transport is necessary for both early and late phases of stamen development. It has been shown that different members of PIN (PIN-FORMED) family are involved in the early phase, whereas members of both PIN and P-glycoproteins of the ABCB (PGP) transporter families are required during the late developmental phase. In this review we provide an overview of the increasing knowledge on auxin transporters involved in Arabidopsis stamen formation and development and we discuss their role and functional conservation across plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Cardarelli
- Istituto di Biologia, Medicina Molecolare e Nanotecnologie, CNR, Sapienza Università di RomaRome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maura Cardarelli, Istituto di Biologia, Medicina Molecolare e Nanotecnologie, CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy e-mail:
| | - Valentina Cecchetti
- Istituto di Biologia, Medicina Molecolare e Nanotecnologie, CNR, Sapienza Università di RomaRome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di RomaRome, Italy
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42
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De Storme N, Geelen D. The impact of environmental stress on male reproductive development in plants: biological processes and molecular mechanisms. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1-18. [PMID: 23731015 PMCID: PMC4280902 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants, male reproductive development is extremely sensitive to adverse climatic environments and (a)biotic stress. Upon exposure to stress, male gametophytic organs often show morphological, structural and metabolic alterations that typically lead to meiotic defects or premature spore abortion and male reproductive sterility. Depending on the type of stress involved (e.g. heat, cold, drought) and the duration of stress exposure, the underlying cellular defect is highly variable and either involves cytoskeletal alterations, tapetal irregularities, altered sugar utilization, aberrations in auxin metabolism, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS; oxidative stress) or the ectopic induction of programmed cell death (PCD). In this review, we present the critically stress-sensitive stages of male sporogenesis (meiosis) and male gametogenesis (microspore development), and discuss the corresponding biological processes involved and the resulting alterations in male reproduction. In addition, this review also provides insights into the molecular and/or hormonal regulation of the environmental stress sensitivity of male reproduction and outlines putative interaction(s) between the different processes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico De Storme
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, Coupure Links, 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Ensuring Reproduction at High Temperatures: The Heat Stress Response during Anther and Pollen Development. PLANTS 2013; 2:489-506. [PMID: 27137389 PMCID: PMC4844380 DOI: 10.3390/plants2030489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants is very sensitive to environmental stresses, particularly to thermal insults which frequently occur when plants grow in field conditions in the warm season. Although abnormalities in both male and female reproductive organs due to high temperatures have been described in several crops, the failure to set fruits has mainly been attributed to the high sensitivity of developing anthers and pollen grains, particularly at certain developmental stages. A global view of the molecular mechanisms involved in the response to high temperatures in the male reproductive organs will be presented in this review. In addition, transcriptome and proteomic data, currently available, will be discussed in the light of physiological and metabolic changes occurring during anther and pollen development. A deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the stress response to high temperatures in flowers and, particularly, in the male reproductive organs will be a major step towards development of effective breeding strategies for high and stable production in crop plants.
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44
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Guan Y, Guo J, Li H, Yang Z. Signaling in pollen tube growth: crosstalk, feedback, and missing links. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:1053-64. [PMID: 23873928 PMCID: PMC3842152 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tubes elongate rapidly at their tips through highly polarized cell growth known as tip growth. Tip growth requires intensive exocytosis at the tip, which is supported by a dynamic cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking. Several signaling pathways have been demonstrated to coordinate pollen tube growth by regulating cellular activities such as actin dynamics, exocytosis, and endocytosis. These signaling pathways crosstalk to form a signaling network that coordinates the cellular processes required for tip growth. The homeostasis of key signaling molecules is critical for the proper elongation of the pollen tube tip, and is commonly fine-tuned by positive and negative regulations. In addition to the major signaling pathways, emerging evidence implies the roles of other signals in the regulation of pollen tube growth. Here we review and discuss how these signaling networks modulate the rapid growth of pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Guan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Yang J, Tian L, Sun MX, Huang XY, Zhu J, Guan YF, Jia QS, Yang ZN. AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17 is essential for pollen wall pattern formation in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 162:720-31. [PMID: 23580594 PMCID: PMC3668065 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.214940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, pollen wall pattern formation is determined by primexine deposition on the microspores. Here, we show that AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17 (ARF17) is essential for primexine formation and pollen development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The arf17 mutant exhibited a male-sterile phenotype with normal vegetative growth. ARF17 was expressed in microsporocytes and microgametophytes from meiosis to the bicellular microspore stage. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that primexine was absent in the arf17 mutant, which leads to pollen wall-patterning defects and pollen degradation. Callose deposition was also significantly reduced in the arf17 mutant, and the expression of CALLOSE SYNTHASE5 (CalS5), the major gene for callose biosynthesis, was approximately 10% that of the wild type. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that ARF17 can directly bind to the CalS5 promoter. As indicated by the expression of DR5-driven green fluorescent protein, which is an synthetic auxin response reporter, auxin signaling appeared to be specifically impaired in arf17 anthers. Taken together, our results suggest that ARF17 is essential for pollen wall patterning in Arabidopsis by modulating primexine formation at least partially through direct regulation of CalS5 gene expression.
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Rubio-Somoza I, Weigel D. Coordination of flower maturation by a regulatory circuit of three microRNAs. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003374. [PMID: 23555288 PMCID: PMC3610633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of multicellular organisms relies on interconnected genetic programs that control progression through their life cycle. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) play key roles in such regulatory circuits. Here, we describe how three evolutionary conserved miRNA-TF pairs interact to form multiple checkpoints during reproductive development of Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetic, cellular, and physiological experiments show that miR159- and miR319-regulated MYB and TCP transcription factors pattern the expression of miR167 family members and their ARF6/8 targets. Coordinated action of these miRNA-TF pairs is crucial for the execution of consecutive hormone-dependent transitions during flower maturation. Cross-regulation includes both cis- and trans-regulatory interactions between these miRNAs and their targets. Our observations reveal how different miRNA-TF pairs can be organized into modules that coordinate successive steps in the plant life cycle. Development of multicellular organisms relies on properly timed execution of different genetic programs. An example is provided by developmental progression of flowers, which begins with the initiation of individual organs, followed by differentiation, growth, and finally production of the gametes. This article investigates the contribution of three microRNAs (miRNAs) and the transcription factors (TFs) that are regulated by these miRNAs to this process. Two of the miRNA-TF pairs act early to control in parallel the activity of the third miRNA-TF pair, which in turn modulates hormone programs that drive organ maturation and reproduction. Importantly, the two upstream TFs directly interact to regulate expression of the downstream miRNA. The results described here demonstrate how miRNA-TF pairs can be organized into regulatory circuits, with independent miRNA-TF pairs converging on common downstream genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Rubio-Somoza
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany.
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Feng X, Zilberman D, Dickinson H. A Conversation across Generations: Soma-Germ Cell Crosstalk in Plants. Dev Cell 2013; 24:215-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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ER-localized auxin transporter PIN8 regulates auxin homeostasis and male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2012; 3:941. [PMID: 22760640 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin is a key coordinative signal required for many aspects of plant development and its levels are controlled by auxin metabolism and intercellular auxin transport. Here we find that a member of PIN auxin transporter family, PIN8 is expressed in male gametophyte of Arabidopsis thaliana and has a crucial role in pollen development and functionality. Ectopic expression in sporophytic tissues establishes a role of PIN8 in regulating auxin homoeostasis and metabolism. PIN8 co-localizes with PIN5 to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it acts as an auxin transporter. Genetic analyses reveal an antagonistic action of PIN5 and PIN8 in the regulation of intracellular auxin homoeostasis and gametophyte as well as sporophyte development. Our results reveal a role of the auxin transport in male gametophyte development in which the distinct actions of ER-localized PIN transporters regulate cellular auxin homoeostasis and maintain the auxin levels optimal for pollen development and pollen tube growth.
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Yadav SR, Khanday I, Majhi BB, Veluthambi K, Vijayraghavan U. Auxin-responsive OsMGH3, a common downstream target of OsMADS1 and OsMADS6, controls rice floret fertility. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 52:2123-35. [PMID: 22016342 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcr142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
GH3 proteins control auxin homeostasis by inactivating excess auxin as conjugates of amino acids and sugars and thereby controlling cellular bioactive auxin. Since auxin regulates many aspects of plant growth and development, regulated expression of these genes offers a mechanism to control various developmental processes. OsMGH3/OsGH3-8 is expressed abundantly in rice florets and is regulated by two related and redundant transcription factors, OsMADS1 and OsMADS6, but its contribution to flower development is not known. We functionally characterize OsMGH3 by overexpression and knock-down analysis and show a partial overlap in these phenotypes with that of mutants in OsMADS1 and OsMADS6. The overexpression of OsMGH3 during the vegetative phase affects the overall plant architecture, whereas its inflorescence-specific overexpression creates short panicles with reduced branching, resembling in part the effects of OsMADS1 overexpression. In contrast, the down-regulation of endogenous OsMGH3 caused phenotypes consistent with auxin overproduction or activated signaling, such as ectopic rooting from aerial nodes. Florets in OsMGH3 knock-down plants were affected in carpel development and pollen viability, both of which reduced fertility. Some of these floret phenotypes are similar to osmads6 mutants. Taken together, we provide evidence for the functional significance of auxin homeostasis and its transcriptional regulation during rice panicle branching and floret organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shri Ram Yadav
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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Mahajan M, Ahuja PS, Yadav SK. Post-transcriptional silencing of flavonol synthase mRNA in tobacco leads to fruits with arrested seed set. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28315. [PMID: 22145036 PMCID: PMC3228754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are synthesized by phenylpropanoid pathway. They are known to participate in large number of physiological and biochemical processes in plants. Parthenocarpy and male sterility has earlier been reported by silencing chalcone synthase (CHS) encoding gene. Silencing of CHS has blocked the synthesis of most of useful flavonoids including flavan-3-ols and flavonols. Also, these studies could not identify whether parthenocarpy/male sterility were due to lack of flavan-3-ols or flavonols or both. Flavonol synthase (FLS) is an important enzyme of flavonoid pathway that catalyzes the formation of flavonols. In this article, we propose a novel strategy towards the generation of seedless or less-seeded fruits by downregulation of flavonol biosynthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi) through post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of FLS encoding mRNA. The FLS silenced lines were observed for 20-80% reduction in FLS encoding gene expression and 25-93% reduction in flavonol (quercetin) content. Interestingly, these FLS silenced tobacco lines also showed reduction in their anthocyanidins content. While the content of flavan-3-ols (catechin, epi-catechin and epi-gallocatechin) was found to be increased in FLS silenced lines. The delayed flowering in FLS silenced lines could be due to decrease in level of indole acetic acid (IAA) at apical region of their shoots. Furthermore, the pollen germination was hampered and pollens were unable to produce functional pollen tube in FLS silenced tobacco lines. Pods of FLS silenced lines contained significantly less number of seeds. The in vitro and in vivo studies where 1 µM quercetin was supplied to germination media, documented the restoration of normal pollen germination and pollen tube growth. This finding identified the role of flavonols particularly quercetin in pollen germination as well as in the regulation of plant fertility. Results also suggest a novel approach towards generation of seedless/less-seeded fruits via PTGS of FLS encoding gene in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mahajan
- Plant Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, India
| | - Paramvir Singh Ahuja
- Plant Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, India
| | - Sudesh Kumar Yadav
- Plant Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, India
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