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Singh D, Dwivedi S, Singh N, Trivedi PK. HY5 and COP1 function antagonistically in the regulation of nicotine biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108916. [PMID: 39002305 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine constitutes approximately 90% of the total alkaloid content in leaves within the Nicotiana species, rendering it the most prevalent alkaloid. While the majority of genes responsible for nicotine biosynthesis express in root tissue, the influence of light on this process through shoot-to-root mobile ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) has been recognized. CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1), a key regulator of light-associated responses, known for its role in modulating HY5 accumulation, remains largely unexplored in its relationship to light-dependent nicotine accumulation. Here, we identified NtCOP1, a COP1 homolog in Nicotiana tabacum, and demonstrated its ability to complement the cop1-4 mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana at molecular, morphological, and biochemical levels. Through the development of NtCOP1 overexpression (NtCOP1OX) plants, we observed a significant reduction in nicotine and flavonol content, inversely correlated with the down-regulation of nicotine and phenylpropanoid pathway. Conversely, CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout mutant plants (NtCOP1CR) exhibited an increase in nicotine levels. Further investigations, including yeast-two hybrid assays, grafting experiments, and Western blot analyses, revealed that NtCOP1 modulates nicotine biosynthesis by targeting NtHY5, thereby impeding its transport from shoot-to-root. We conclude that the interplay between HY5 and COP1 functions antagonistically in the light-dependent regulation of nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Singh
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shambhavi Dwivedi
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Nivedita Singh
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India; CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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2
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Lu M, Fu B, Meng X, Jia T, Lu X, Yang C, Li K, Yin P, Guo Y, Li W, Chi J, Wang G, Zhou C. Transcription factors NtNAC028 and NtNAC080 form heterodimers to regulate jasmonic acid biosynthesis during leaf senescence in Nicotiana tabacum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2351-2371. [PMID: 38205848 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Plant senescence, as a highly integrated developmental stage, involves functional degeneration and nutrient redistribution. NAM/ATAF1/CUC (NAC) transcription factors orchestrate various senescence-related signals and mediate the fine-tuning underlying plant senescence. Previous data revealed that knockout of either NtNAC028 or NtNAC080 leads to delayed leaf senescence in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), which implies that NtNAC028 and NtNAC080 play respective roles in the regulation of leaf senescence, although they share 91.87% identity with each other. However, the mechanism underlying NtNAC028- and NtNAC080-regulated leaf senescence remains obscure. Here, we determined that NtNAC028 and NtNAC080 activate a putative jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic gene, NtLOX3, and enhance the JA level in vivo. We found that NtNAC028 and NtNAC080 interact with each other and themselves through their NA-terminal region. Remarkably, only the dimerization between NtNAC028 and NtNAC080 stimulated the transcriptional activation activity, but not the DNA binding activity of this heterodimer on NtLOX3. Metabolome analysis indicated that overexpression of either NtNAC028 or NtNAC080 augments both biosynthesis and degradation of nicotine in the senescent stages. Thus, we conclude that NtNAC028 cooperates with NtNAC080 and forms a heterodimer to enhance NtLOX3 expression and JA biosynthesis to trigger the onset of leaf senescence and impact secondary metabolism in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Boyang Fu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Tiantian Jia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Xiaoyue Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Chaosha Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Ke Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Pengcheng Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Wei Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Jina Chi
- Institute of Cotton Research, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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Shoji T, Hashimoto T, Saito K. Genetic regulation and manipulation of nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco: strategies to eliminate addictive alkaloids. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1741-1753. [PMID: 37647764 PMCID: PMC10938045 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a widely cultivated crop of the genus Nicotiana. Due to the highly addictive nature of tobacco products, tobacco smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death and disease. There is therefore a critical need to develop tobacco varieties with reduced or non-addictive nicotine levels. Nicotine and related pyridine alkaloids biosynthesized in the roots of tobacco plants are transported to the leaves, where they are stored in vacuoles as a defense against predators. Jasmonate, a defense-related plant hormone, plays a crucial signaling role in activating transcriptional regulators that coordinate the expression of downstream metabolic and transport genes involved in nicotine production. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in molecular and genomics research, revealing many metabolic and regulatory genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis. These advances have enabled us to develop tobacco plants with low or ultra-low nicotine levels through various methodologies, such as mutational breeding, genetic engineering, and genome editing. We review the recent progress on genetic manipulation of nicotine production in tobacco, which serves as an excellent example of plant metabolic engineering with profound social implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Shoji
- Instutute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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Singh D, Dwivedi S, Sinha H, Singh N, Trivedi PK. Mutation in shoot-to-root mobile transcription factor, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5, leads to low nicotine levels in tobacco. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133255. [PMID: 38103287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco remains one of the most commercially important crops due to the parasympathomimetic alkaloid nicotine used in cigarettes. Most genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis are expressed in root tissues; however, their light-dependent regulation has not been studied. Here, we identified the ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 homolog, NtHY5, from Nicotiana tabacum and demonstrated that NtHY5 could complement the Arabidopsis thaliana hy5 mutant at molecular, morphological and biochemical levels. We report the development of CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout mutant plants of tobacco, NtHY5CR, and show down-regulation of the nicotine and phenylpropanoid pathway genes leading to a significant reduction in nicotine and flavonol content, whereas NtHY5 overexpression (NtHY5OX) plants show the opposite effect. Grafting experiments using wild-type, NtHY5CR, and NtHY5OX indicated that NtHY5 moves from shoot-to-root to regulate nicotine biosynthesis in the root tissue. Shoot HY5, directly or through enhancing expression of the root HY5, promotes nicotine biosynthesis by binding to light-responsive G-boxes present in the NtPMT, NtQPT and NtODC promoters. We conclude that the mobility of HY5 from shoot-to-root regulates light-dependent nicotine biosynthesis. The CRISPR/Cas9-based mutants developed, in this study; with low nicotine accumulation in leaves could help people to overcome their nicotine addiction and the risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shambhavi Dwivedi
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Hiteshwari Sinha
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nivedita Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India.
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Dwivedi S, Singh D, Singh N, Trivedi PK. Advances in regulatory mechanism(s) and biotechnological approaches to modulate nicotine content in tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108397. [PMID: 38316099 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
More than 8 million deaths are caused by tobacco-related diseases every year. A staggering 1.2 million of those fatalities occur due to second-hand smoke exposure among non-smokers, but more than 7 million are due to direct tobacco use among smokers. Nicotine acts as the key ingredient triggering the addiction. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified more than 90 chemical components of tobacco and related smoke as hazardous or potentially hazardous leading to cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, and reproductive disorders. Hence, reducing nicotine content has been the foremost objective to reduce health and death risks. Therefore, various biotechnological approaches for developing tobacco varieties with low nicotine concentrations are urgently required for the welfare of humankind. In recent years, numerous advancements have been made in nicotine-based tobacco research, suggesting regulatory components involved in nicotine biosynthesis and developing nicotine-less tobacco varieties through biotechnological approaches. This review highlights the various regulatory components and major approaches used to modulate nicotine content in tobacco cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhavi Dwivedi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Deeksha Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Nivedita Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Kaminski KP, Bovet L, Hilfiker A, Laparra H, Schwaar J, Sierro N, Lang G, De Palo D, Guy PA, Laszlo C, Goepfert S, Ivanov NV. Suppression of pyrrolidine ring biosynthesis and its effects on gene expression and subsequent accumulation of anatabine in leaves of tobacco (N. tabacum L.). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:516. [PMID: 37667170 PMCID: PMC10476381 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anatabine, although being one of four major tobacco alkaloids, is never accumulated in high quantity in any of the naturally occurring species from the Nicotiana genus. Previous studies therefore focused on transgenic approaches to synthetize anatabine, most notably by generating transgenic lines with suppressed putrescine methyltransferase (PMT) activity. This led to promising results, but the global gene expression of plants with such distinct metabolism has not been analyzed. In the current study, we describe how these plants respond to topping and the downstream effects on alkaloid biosynthesis. RESULTS The surge in anatabine accumulation in PMT transgenic lines after topping treatment and its effects on gene expression changes were analyzed. The results revealed increases in expression of isoflavone reductase-like (A622) and berberine bridge-like enzymes (BBLs) oxidoreductase genes, previously shown to be crucial for the final steps of nicotine biosynthesis. We also observed significantly higher methylputrescine oxidase (MPO) expression in all plants subjected to topping treatment. In order to investigate if MPO suppression would have the same effects as that of PMT, we generated transgenic plants. These plants with suppressed MPO expression showed an almost complete drop in leaf nicotine content, whereas leaf anatabine was observed to increase by a factor of ~ 1.6X. CONCLUSION Our results are the first concrete evidence that suppression of MPO leads to decreased nicotine in favor of anatabine in tobacco roots and that this anatabine is successfully transported to tobacco leaves. Alkaloid transport in plants remains to be investigated to higher detail due to high variation of its efficiency among Nicotiana species and varieties of tobacco. Our research adds important step to better understand pyrrolidine ring biosynthesis and its effects on gene expression and subsequent accumulation of anatabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Piotr Kaminski
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Lucien Bovet
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Aurore Hilfiker
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Helene Laparra
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Joanne Schwaar
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Lang
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Damien De Palo
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Alexandre Guy
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Laszlo
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Goepfert
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Fractionation and Extraction Optimization of Potentially Valuable Compounds and Their Profiling in Six Varieties of Two Nicotiana Species. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228105. [PMID: 36432206 PMCID: PMC9694777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasingly urgent call to shift industrial processes from fossil fuel feedstock to sustainable bio-based resources. This change becomes of high importance considering new budget requirements for a carbon-neutral economy. Such a transformation can be driven by traditionally used plants that are able to produce large amounts of valuable biologically relevant secondary metabolites. Tobacco plants can play a leading role in providing value-added products in remote areas of the world. In this study, we propose a non-exhaustive list of compounds with potential economic interest that can be sourced from the tobacco plant. In order to optimize extraction methodologies, we first analyzed their physico-chemical properties using rapid solubility tests and high-resolution microfractionation techniques. Next, to identify an optimal extraction for a selected list of compounds, we compared 13 different extraction method-solvent combinations. We proceeded with profiling some of these compounds in a total of six varieties from Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica species, identifying the optimal variety for each. The estimated expected yields for each of these compounds demonstrate that tobacco plants can be a superior source of valuable compounds with diverse applications beyond nicotine. Among the most interesting results, we found high variability of anatabine content between species and varieties, ranging from 287 to 1699 µg/g. In addition, we found that CGA (1305 µg/g) and rutin (7910 µg/g) content are orders of magnitude lower in the Burley variety as compared to all others.
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Wang S, Zhan C, Chen R, Li W, Song H, Zhao G, Wen M, Liang D, Qiao J. Achievements and perspectives of synthetic biology in botanical insecticides. J Cell Physiol 2022. [PMID: 36183373 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Botanical insecticides are the origin of all insecticidal compounds. They have been widely used to control pests in crops for a long time. Currently, the commercial production of botanical insecticides extracted from plants is limited because of insufficient raw material supply. Synthetic biology is a promising and effective approach for addressing the current problems of the production of botanical insecticides. It is an emerging biological research hotspot in the field of botanical insecticides. However, the biosynthetic pathways of many botanical insecticides are not completely elucidated. On the other hand, the cytotoxicity of botanical pesticides and low efficiency of these biosynthetic enzymes in new hosts make it still challenging for their heterologous production. In the present review, we summarized the recent developments in the heterologous production of botanical insecticides, analyzed the current challenges, and discussed the feasible production strategies, focusing on elucidating biosynthetic pathways, enzyme engineering, host engineering, and cytotoxicity engineering. Looking to the future, synthetic biology promises to further advance heterologous production of more botanical pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Chuanling Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Hongjian Song
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Guangrong Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingzhang Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongmei Liang
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
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Burner N, Kernodle SP, Steede T, Lewis RS. Editing of A622 genes results in ultra-low nicotine whole tobacco plants at the expense of dramatically reduced growth and development. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:20. [PMID: 37309461 PMCID: PMC10248611 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to potential regulations that could affect nicotine levels in some tobacco products, there is interest in using genetic modification to reduce levels of this pyridine alkaloid in tobacco leaves. Enzymes coded by A622 genes have previously been indicated to be involved in one of the latter steps of tobacco alkaloid biosynthesis. Whole tobacco plants with reduced A622 activity have never been evaluated, however. We utilized CRISPR/Cas9-based editing to introduce deleterious mutations into the two A622 genes present in the Nicotiana tabacum genome. Double homozygous A622 mutant genotypes established in four recipient genotypes varying for the presence/absence of mutations in other alkaloid biosynthetic genes exhibited severely reduced nicotine accumulation in field and greenhouse experiments. A622 knockout lines exhibited lower nicotine levels than previously created genotypes with deleterious mutations in BBL genes also associated with one of the latter steps in tobacco alkaloid biosynthesis. Reduced A622 activity resulted in plants with drastically reduced growth and development, however. A622 mutant lines were later flowering and produced green leaf yields that were 60.6% lower, on average, than those for non-A622-mutated control lines. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01293-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Burner
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Sheri P. Kernodle
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Tyler Steede
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Ramsey S. Lewis
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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Li M, He X, La Hovary C, Zhu Y, Dong Y, Liu S, Xing H, Liu Y, Jie Y, Ma D, Yuzuak S, Xie DY. A de novo regulation design shows an effectiveness in altering plant secondary metabolism. J Adv Res 2022; 37:43-60. [PMID: 35499047 PMCID: PMC9039656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis PAP1 and TT8 transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements of tobacco JAZs are for the first time selected as molecular tools for a De Novo regulation design. This design creates a distant pathway-cross regulation (DPCR) that effectively downregulates the alkaloid biosynthesis in tobacco. The DPCR significantly reduces carcinogenic compounds. This design unearths two novel regulatory functions of PAP1 and TT8 and their complex and a new regulation mechanism of four NtJAZs.
Introduction Transcription factors (TFs) and cis-regulatory elements (CREs) control gene transcripts involved in various biological processes. We hypothesize that TFs and CREs can be effective molecular tools for De Novo regulation designs to engineer plants. Objectives We selected two Arabidopsis TF types and two tobacco CRE types to design a De Novo regulation and evaluated its effectiveness in plant engineering. Methods G-box and MYB recognition elements (MREs) were identified in four Nicotiana tabacum JAZs (NtJAZs) promoters. MRE-like and G-box like elements were identified in one nicotine pathway gene promoter. TF screening led to select Arabidopsis Production of Anthocyanin Pigment 1 (PAP1/MYB) and Transparent Testa 8 (TT8/bHLH). Two NtJAZ and two nicotine pathway gene promoters were cloned from commercial Narrow Leaf Madole (NL) and KY171 (KY) tobacco cultivars. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), cross-linked chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and dual-luciferase assays were performed to test the promoter binding and activation by PAP1 (P), TT8 (T), PAP1/TT8 together, and the PAP1/TT8/Transparent Testa Glabra 1 (TTG1) complex. A DNA cassette was designed and then synthesized for stacking and expressing PAP1 and TT8 together. Three years of field trials were performed by following industrial and GMO protocols. Gene expression and metabolic profiling were completed to characterize plant secondary metabolism. Results PAP1, TT8, PAP1/TT8, and the PAP1/TT8/TTG1 complex bound to and activated NtJAZ promoters but did not bind to nicotine pathway gene promoters. The engineered red P + T plants significantly upregulated four NtJAZs but downregulated the tobacco alkaloid biosynthesis. Field trials showed significant reduction of five tobacco alkaloids and four carcinogenic tobacco specific nitrosamines in most or all cured leaves of engineered P + T and PAP1 genotypes. Conclusion G-boxes, MREs, and two TF types are appropriate molecular tools for a De Novo regulation design to create a novel distant-pathway cross regulation for altering plant secondary metabolism.
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11
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Bian S, Sui X, Wang J, Tian T, Wang C, Zhao X, Liu X, Fang N, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Du Y, Wang B, Timko MP, Zhang Z, Zhang H. NtMYB305a binds to the jasmonate-responsive GAG region of NtPMT1a promoter to regulate nicotine biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:151-166. [PMID: 34601578 PMCID: PMC8774768 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
MYB transcription factors play essential roles in regulating plant secondary metabolism and jasmonate (JA) signaling. Putrescine N-methyltransferase is a key JA-regulated step in the biosynthesis of nicotine, an alkaloidal compound highly accumulated in Nicotiana spp. Here we report the identification of NtMYB305a in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) as a regulatory component of nicotine biosynthesis and demonstrate that it binds to the JA-responsive GAG region, which comprises a G-box, an AT-rich motif, and a GCC-box-like element, in the NtPMT1a promoter. Yeast one-hybrid analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that NtMYB305a binds to the GAG region in vitro and in vivo. Binding specifically occurs at the ∼30-bp AT-rich motif in a G/C-base-independent manner, thus defining the AT-rich motif as previously unknown MYB-binding element. NtMYB305a localized in the nucleus of tobacco cells where it is capable of activating the expression of a 4×GAG-driven GUS reporter in an AT-rich motif-dependent manner. NtMYB305a positively regulates nicotine biosynthesis and the expression of NtPMT and other nicotine pathway genes. NtMYB305a acts synergistically with NtMYC2a to regulate nicotine biosynthesis, but no interaction between these two proteins was detected. This identification of NtMYB305a provides insights into the regulation of nicotine biosynthesis and extends the roles played by MYB transcription factors in plant secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan Bian
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xueyi Sui
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Chunkai Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Ning Fang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yongmei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Michael P Timko
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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12
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Zhang M, Zhao Y, Yang C, Shi H. The combination of transcriptome and metabolome reveals the molecular mechanism by which topping and salicylic acid treatment affect the synthesis of alkaloids in Nicotiana tabacum L. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2025915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunting Yang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Shi
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Success of microbial genes based transgenic crops: Bt and beyond Bt. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:8111-8122. [PMID: 34716867 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic technology could hold the key to help farmers to fulfill the ever increasing fast-paced global demand for food. Microbes have always wondered us by their potentials and thriving abilities in the extreme conditions. The use of microorganisms as a gene source in transgenic development is a promising option for crop improvement. The aforesaid approach has already for improving the characteristics of food, industrial, horticulture, and floriculture crops. Many transgenic crops containing microbial genes have been accepted by the farmers and consumers worldwide over the last few decades. The acceptance has brought remarkable changes in the status of society by providing food safety, economic, and health benefits. Among transgenic plants harboring microbial genes, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) based transgenic were more focused and documented owing to its significant performance in controlling insects. However, other microbial gene-based transgenic plants have also reserved their places in the farmer's field globally. Therefore, in this review, we have thrown some light on successful transgenic plants harboring microbial genes other than Bt, having application in agriculture. Also, we presented the role of microbial genetic element and product thereof in the inception of biotechnology and discussed the potential of microbial genes in crop improvement.
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Mo Z, Pu Y, Zhou J, Tian Z, Teng J, Chen Q, Duan L, Liu R. Effect of the over-dominant expression of proteins on nicotine heterosis via proteomic analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21063. [PMID: 34702915 PMCID: PMC8548390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterosis is a common biological phenomenon that can be used to optimize yield and quality of crops. Using heterosis breeding, hybrids with suitable nicotine content have been applied to tobacco leaf production. However, the molecular mechanism of the formation of nicotine heterosis has never been explained from the perspective of protein. The DIA proteomics technique was used to compare the differential proteomics of the hybrid Va116 × Basma, showing strong heterosis in nicotine content from its parent lines Va116 and Basma. Proteomics analysis indicated that 65.2% of DEPs showed over-dominant expression patterns, and these DEPs included QS, BBL, GS, ARAF and RFC1 which related to nicotine synthesis. In addition, some DEPs (including GST, ABCE2 and ABCF1 and SLY1) that may be associated with nicotinic transport exhibited significant heterosis over the parental lines. These findings demonstrated that the efficiency of the synthesis and transport of nicotine in hybrids was significantly higher than that in the parent lines, and the accumulation of over-dominant expression proteins may be the cause of heterosis of nicotinic content in hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Mo
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Pu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Junhao Zhou
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Zonglin Tian
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianhui Teng
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Lili Duan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Renxiang Liu
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China.
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15
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Gutierrez-Albanchez E, García-Villaraco A, Lucas JA, Horche I, Ramos-Solano B, Gutierrez-Mañero FJ. Pseudomonas palmensis sp. nov., a Novel Bacterium Isolated From Nicotiana glauca Microbiome: Draft Genome Analysis and Biological Potential for Agriculture. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:672751. [PMID: 34489881 PMCID: PMC8417607 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.672751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Pseudomonas, designated strain BBB001T, an aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Nicotiana glauca in Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain. Genomic analysis revealed that it could not be assigned to any known species of Pseudomonas, so the name Pseudomonas palmensis sp. nov. was proposed. A 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis suggested affiliation to the Pseudomonas brassicae group, being P. brassicae MAFF212427 T the closest related type strain. Upon genomic comparisons of both strains, all values were below thresholds established for differentiation: average nucleotide identity (ANI, 88.29%), average amino acid identity (AAI, 84.53%), digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH, 35.4%), and TETRA values (0.98). When comparing complete genomes, a total of 96 genes present exclusively in BBB001T were identified, 80 of which appear associated with specific subsystems. Phenotypic analysis has shown its ability to assimilate glucose, potassium gluconate, capric acid malate, trisodium citrate, and phenylacetic acid; it was oxidase positive. It is able to produce auxins and siderophores in vitro; its metabolic profile based on BIOLOG Eco has shown a high catabolic capacity. The major fatty acids accounting for 81.17% of the total fatty acids were as follows: C16:0 (33.29%), summed feature 3 (22.80%) comprising C16:1 ω7c and C16:1 ω6c, summed feature 8 (13.66%) comprising C18:1 ω7c, and C18:1ω6c and C17:0 cyclo (11.42%). The ability of this strain to improve plant fitness was tested on tomato and olive trees, demonstrating a great potential for agriculture as it is able to trigger herbaceous and woody species. First, it was able to improve iron nutrition and growth on iron-starved tomatoes, demonstrating its nutrient mobilization capacity; this effect is related to its unique genes related to iron metabolism. Second, it increased olive and oil yield up to 30% on intensive olive orchards under water-limiting conditions, demonstrating its capacity to improve adaptation to adverse conditions. Results from genomic analysis together with differences in phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic analysis support the proposal of strain BBB001T (=LMG 31775T = NCTC 14418T) as the type strain of a novel species for which the name P. palmensis sp. nov is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Gutierrez-Albanchez
- Biobab R&D S. L., Madrid, Spain
- Plant Physiology, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Ana García-Villaraco
- Plant Physiology, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - José A. Lucas
- Plant Physiology, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Ramos-Solano
- Plant Physiology, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - F. J. Gutierrez-Mañero
- Plant Physiology, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
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16
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Sui X, He X, Song Z, Gao Y, Zhao L, Jiao F, Kong G, Li Y, Han S, Wang B. The gene NtMYC2a acts as a 'master switch' in the regulation of JA-induced nicotine accumulation in tobacco. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:317-326. [PMID: 33236500 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis and transport of nicotine has been shown to be coordinately upregulated by jasmonate (JA). MYC2, a member of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor family, is well-documented as the core player in the JA signalling pathway to regulate diverse plant development processes. Four MYC2 genes were found in the tobacco genome, NtMYC2a/2b and 1a/1b. In this study, we tested whether one of them, NtMYC2a, acts as a 'master switch' in the regulation of nicotine biosynthesis and transport in tobacco. We generated NtMYC2a knockout tobacco plants using the CRISPR-Cas9 technique and analysed the effect of NtMYC2a knockout on expression of the nicotine biosynthesis genes (NtAO, NtQS, NtPMT1a, NtQPT2, NtODC2, NtMPO1, NtA622 and NtBBLa) and transport genes (NtMATE2 and NtJAT1), as well as leaf accumulation of nicotine in the NtMYC2a knockout plants. We found that all the nicotine biosynthesis and transport genes tested in this study were significantly downregulated (>50% reduction compared with wild-type control) in the NtMYC2a knockout plants. Moreover, the leaf nicotine content in knockout plants was dramatically reduced by ca 80% compared with the wild-type control. These results clearly show that NtMYC2a acts as a 'master switch' to coordinate JA-induced nicotine accumulation in tobacco and suggests that NtMYC2a might play an important role in tobacco nicotine-mediated defence against herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sui
- Tobacco Breeding Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - X He
- Technology Center, Baoshan Oriental Tobacco Company, Baoshan, China
| | - Z Song
- Tobacco Breeding Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Y Gao
- Tobacco Breeding Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - L Zhao
- Tobacco Breeding Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - F Jiao
- Tobacco Breeding Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - G Kong
- Chemical Analysis Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Y Li
- Tobacco Breeding Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - S Han
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - B Wang
- Tobacco Breeding Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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17
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Lichman BR. The scaffold-forming steps of plant alkaloid biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:103-129. [PMID: 32745157 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00031k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids from plants are characterised by structural diversity and bioactivity, and maintain a privileged position in both modern and traditional medicines. In recent years, there have been significant advances in elucidating the biosynthetic origins of plant alkaloids. In this review, I will describe the progress made in determining the metabolic origins of the so-called true alkaloids, specialised metabolites derived from amino acids containing a nitrogen heterocycle. By identifying key biosynthetic steps that feature in the majority of pathways, I highlight the key roles played by modifications to primary metabolism, iminium reactivity and spontaneous reactions in the molecular and evolutionary origins of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Lichman
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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18
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Hayashi S, Watanabe M, Kobayashi M, Tohge T, Hashimoto T, Shoji T. Genetic Manipulation of Transcriptional Regulators Alters Nicotine Biosynthesis in Tobacco. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1041-1053. [PMID: 32191315 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The toxic alkaloid nicotine is produced in the roots of Nicotiana species and primarily accumulates in leaves as a specialized metabolite. A series of metabolic and transport genes involved in the nicotine pathway are coordinately upregulated by a pair of jasmonate-responsive AP2/ERF-family transcription factors, NtERF189 and NtERF199, in the roots of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). In this study, we explored the potential of manipulating the expression of these transcriptional regulators to alter nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco. The transient overexpression of NtERF189 led to alkaloid production in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana alata. This ectopic production was further enhanced by co-overexpressing a gene encoding a basic helix-loop-helix-family MYC2 transcription factor. Constitutive and leaf-specific overexpression of NtERF189 increased the accumulation of foliar alkaloids in transgenic tobacco plants but negatively affected plant growth. By contrast, in a knockout mutant of NtERF189 and NtERF199 obtained through CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing, alkaloid levels were drastically reduced without causing major growth defects. Metabolite profiling revealed the impact of manipulating the nicotine pathway on a wide range of nitrogen- and carbon-containing metabolites. Our findings provide insights into the biotechnological applications of engineering metabolic pathways by targeting transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Hayashi
- Department of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0101 Japan
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Department of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0101 Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Department of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0101 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0101 Japan
| | - Tsubasa Shoji
- Department of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0101 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
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Yang J, Yang X, Li B, Lu X, Kang J, Cao X. Establishment of in vitro culture system for Codonopsis pilosula transgenic hairy roots. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:137. [PMID: 32158633 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to establish a reliable system of transgenic hairy roots in Codonopsis pilosula through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. For this, we optimized several steps in the process of A. rhizogenes strain C58C1 mediated hairy root induction, including the most appropriate medium, explant type, time for infection and co-cultivation. We achieved an induction rate of up to 100% when the roots of C. pilosula seedlings were used as explants, infected with A. rhizogenes C58C1 harboring pCAMBIA1305 for 5 min, followed by induction on 1/2MS supplemented with 0.2 mg/L naphthylacetic acid and 200 mg/L cefotaxime sodium. The co-transformed hairy roots were confirmed by PCR amplification of hygromycin phosphotransferase II gene and histochemical GUS assay, and the efficiency of transformation was 70% and 68.3%, respectively, when no hygromycin selection pressure was exerted. To increase biomass production, we excised and self-propagated the transformed hairy roots, which produce saponins. Our successful establishment of an in vitro culture system of transgenic hairy root for this species lays the foundation not only for assessing gene expression and function but also for obtaining high levels of secondary metabolites through genetic engineering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- 1Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaozeng Yang
- 2Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- 1Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiayang Lu
- 1Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiefang Kang
- 1Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cao
- 1Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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20
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Qin Y, Bai S, Li W, Sun T, Galbraith DW, Yang Z, Zhou Y, Sun G, Wang B. Transcriptome analysis reveals key genes involved in the regulation of nicotine biosynthesis at early time points after topping in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:30. [PMID: 31959100 PMCID: PMC6971868 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotiana tabacum is an important economic crop. Topping, a common agricultural practice employed with flue-cured tobacco, is designed to increase leaf nicotine contents by increasing nicotine biosynthesis in roots. Many genes are found to be differentially expressed in response to topping, particularly genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis, but comprehensive analyses of early transcriptional responses induced by topping are not yet available. To develop a detailed understanding of the mechanisms regulating nicotine biosynthesis after topping, we have sequenced the transcriptomes of Nicotiana tabacum roots at seven time points following topping. RESULTS Differential expression analysis revealed that 4830 genes responded to topping across all time points. Amongst these, nine gene families involved in nicotine biosynthesis and two gene families involved in nicotine transport showed significant changes during the immediate 24 h period following topping. No obvious preference to the parental species was detected in the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Significant changes in transcript levels of nine genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis and phytohormone signal transduction were validated by qRT-PCR assays. 549 genes encoding transcription factors (TFs), found to exhibit significant changes in gene expression after topping, formed 15 clusters based on similarities of their transcript level time-course profiles. 336 DEGs involved in phytohormone signal transduction, including genes functionally related to the phytohormones jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, auxin, ethylene, and gibberellin, were identified at the earliest time point after topping. CONCLUSIONS Our research provides the first detailed analysis of the early transcriptional responses to topping in N. tabacum, and identifies excellent candidates for further detailed studies concerning the regulation of nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Shenglong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Wenzheng Li
- Tobacco Breeding Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021 Yunnan China
| | - Ting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - David W. Galbraith
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
- School of Plant Sciences and Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Guiling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Tobacco Breeding Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021 Yunnan China
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21
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Liu H, Kotova TI, Timko MP. Increased Leaf Nicotine Content by Targeting Transcription Factor Gene Expression in Commercial Flue-Cured Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E930. [PMID: 31739571 PMCID: PMC6896058 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine, the most abundant pyridine alkaloid in cultivated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), is a potent inhibitor of insect and animal herbivory and a neurostimulator of human brain function. Nicotine biosynthesis is controlled developmentally and can be induced by abiotic and biotic stressors via a jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated signal transduction mechanism involving members of the APETALA 2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF) families. AP2/ERF and bHLH TFs work combinatorically to control nicotine biosynthesis and its subsequent accumulation in tobacco leaves. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of the tobacco NtERF32, NtERF221/ORC1, and NtMYC2a TFs leads to significant increases in nicotine accumulation in T2 transgenic K326 tobacco plants before topping. Up to 9-fold higher nicotine production was achieved in transgenics overexpressing NtERF221/ORC1 under the control of a constitutive GmUBI3 gene promoter compared to wild-type plants. The constitutive 2XCaMV35S promoter and a novel JA-inducible 4XGAG promoter were less effective in driving high-level nicotine formation. Methyljasmonic acid (MeJA) treatment further elevated nicotine production in all transgenic lines. Our results show that targeted manipulation of NtERF221/ORC1 is an effective strategy for elevating leaf nicotine levels in commercial tobacco for use in the preparation of reduced risk tobacco products for smoking replacement therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael P. Timko
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (H.L.); (T.I.K.)
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Khazaei A, Bahramnejad B, Mozafari AA, Dastan D, Mohammadi S. Hairy root induction and Farnesiferol B production of endemic medicinal plant Ferula pseudalliacea. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:407. [PMID: 31692659 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of medium, gibberellic acid (GA3) and stratification treatments on the seed germination of Ferula pseudalliacea were evaluated. Filter paper medium, 500 micro molar GA3 and 8 week chilling treatment were resulted in significantly more seed germination than others. F. pseudalliacea was also transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Explants from young leaves, stems, cotyledon, and embryo were inoculated with A. rhizogenes strains ATCC 15834, 1724, A4, LB9402 and Ar318. Hairy roots were induced only from 10 to 12-days embryo explants using strains ATCC 15824 and 1724. Although, the transformation efficiency of ATCC 15834 (4%) strain was higher than 1724 (2%). Maximum hairy root transformation frequency (25%) was obtained in infection time of 10 min compared to that of 20 (20%) and 30 (5%) min. In addition, the transformation rate was significantly higher at the inoculation time of 72 h (29%) compared to that of 48 h (22%) and 24 h (6%). Transgenic hairy root lines were confirmed by PCR amplification of rolB gene. Hairy root lines were produced higher biomass in half B5 medium compared to that of half MS medium. Hairy roots lines from the strain ATCC 15834 produced more hairy root numbers and fresh and dried biomass compared to that of the strain 1724. Analyses of transgenic hairy root and natural roots extracts using HPLC showed that all the hairy root lines produced farnesiferol B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abedin Khazaei
- 1Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bahman Bahramnejad
- 1Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Mozafari
- 2Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Dara Dastan
- 3Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- 4Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sima Mohammadi
- 1Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, 416, Sanandaj, Iran
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Tian M, Nie Q, Li Z, Zhang J, Liu Y, Long Y, Wang Z, Wang G, Liu R. Transcriptomic analysis reveals overdominance playing a critical role in nicotine heterosis in Nicotiana tabacum L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:48. [PMID: 29566653 PMCID: PMC5863848 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a unique biological phenomenon, heterosis has been concerned with the superior performance of the heterosis than either parents. Despite several F1 hybrids, containing supernal nicotine content, had been discovered and applied to heterosis utilization in Nicotiana tabacum L., nevertheless, the potential molecular mechanism revealing nicotine heterosis has not been illustrated clearly. RESULT Phenotypically, the F1 hybrids (Vall6 × Basma) show prominent heterosis in nicotine content by 3 years of field experiments. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes participating in nicotine anabolism (ADC, PMT, MPO, QPT, AO, QS, QPT, A622, BBLs) and nicotine transport (JAT2, MATE1 and 2, NUP1 and 2) showed an upregulated expression in the hybrid, a majority of which demonstrated an overdominant performance. RT-PCR confirmed that nicotine anabolism was induced in the hybrid. CONCLUSIONS These findings strongly suggest that nicotine synthesis and transport efficiency improved in hybrid and overdominance at gene-expression level played a critical role in heterosis of nicotine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qiong Nie
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yao Long
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Renxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Chen H, Wang B, Geng S, Arellano C, Chen S, Qu R. Effects of overexpression of jasmonic acid biosynthesis genes on nicotine accumulation in tobacco. PLANT DIRECT 2018; 2:e00036. [PMID: 31245684 PMCID: PMC6508566 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is naturally synthesized in tobacco roots and accumulates in leaves as a defense compound against herbivory attack. Nicotine biosynthesis pathway has been extensively studied with major genes and enzymes being isolated and functionally characterized. However, the molecular regulation of nicotine synthesis has not been fully understood. The phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) mediates many aspects of plant defense responses including nicotine biosynthesis. In this study, five key genes (AtLOX2, AtAOS, AtAOC2, AtOPR3, AtJAR1) involved in JA biosynthesis from Arabidopsis were individually overexpressed, and a JA-Ile hydrolysis-related gene, NtJIH1, was suppressed by RNAi approach, to understand their effects on nicotine accumulation in tobacco. Interestingly, while transgene expression was high, levels of JA-Ile (the biologically active form of JA) were often significantly reduced. Meanwhile, nicotine content in these transgenic plants did not increase. The research revealed a tightly controlled JA signaling pathway and a complicated regulatory network for nicotine biosynthesis by JA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Chen
- Department of Crop and Soil SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Sisi Geng
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | | | - Sixue Chen
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Rongda Qu
- Department of Crop and Soil SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
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Guo Y, Jia MA, Yang Y, Zhan L, Cheng X, Cai J, Zhang J, Yang J, Liu T, Fu Q, Zhao J, Shamsi IH. Integrated analysis of tobacco miRNA and mRNA expression profiles under PVY infection provids insight into tobacco-PVY interactions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4895. [PMID: 28687775 PMCID: PMC5501784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) is a globally and economically important pathogen of potato, tobacco, tomato and other staple crops and caused significant yield losses and reductions in quality.To explore the molecular PVY-host interactions, we analysed changes in the miRNA and mRNA profiles of tobacco in response to PVY infection. A total of 81 differentially expressed miRNAs belonging to 29 families and 8133 mRNAs were identified. The Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses showed that genes encoding the DNA/RNA binding, catalytic activity and signalling molecules were all significantly enriched. Moreover, 88 miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs were identified through a combined analysis of the two datasets. We also found evidence showing that the virus-derived siRNAs (vsiRNAs) from the PVY genome target tobacco translationally controlled tumor protein (NtTCTP) mRNA and mediate plant resistance to PVY. Together, our findings revealed that both miRNA and mRNA expression patterns can be changed in response to PVY infection and novel vsiRNA-plant interactions that may regulate plant resistance to PVY. Both provide fresh insights into the virus-plant interactions.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Disease Resistance/genetics
- Gene Ontology
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/immunology
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Annotation
- Plant Diseases/genetics
- Plant Diseases/immunology
- Plant Diseases/virology
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/immunology
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Potyvirus/genetics
- Potyvirus/metabolism
- Potyvirus/pathogenicity
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- RNA, Plant/immunology
- RNA, Plant/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Nicotiana/immunology
- Nicotiana/virology
- Tumor Protein, Translationally-Controlled 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Institute of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550083, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Ao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Institute of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550083, P. R. China.
| | - Yumei Yang
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101100, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Zhan
- College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- School of Life and Environmental science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Jianyu Cai
- College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Institute of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550083, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101100, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101100, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Institute of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550083, P. R. China
| | - Jiehong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Institute of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550083, P. R. China
| | - Imran Haider Shamsi
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China.
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Yin G, Wang W, Niu H, Ding Y, Zhang D, Zhang J, Liu G, Wang S, Zhang H. Jasmonate-Sensitivity-Assisted Screening and Characterization of Nicotine Synthetic Mutants from Activation-Tagged Population of Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:157. [PMID: 28243248 PMCID: PMC5303748 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is a secondary metabolite that is important to the defense system and commercial quality of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Jasmonate and its derivatives (JAs) are phytohormone regulators of nicotine formation; however, the underlying molecular mechanism of this process remains largely unclear. Owing to the amphitetraploid origin of N. tabacum, research on screening and identification of nicotine-synthetic mutants is relatively scarce. Here, we describe a method based on JA-sensitivity for screening nicotine mutants from an activation-tagged population of tobacco. In this approach, the mutants were first screened for abnormal JA responses in seed germination and root elongation, and then the levels of nicotine synthesis and expression of nicotine synthetic genes in the mutants with altered JA-response were measured to determine the nicotine-synthetic mutants. We successfully obtained five mutants that maintained stable nicotine contents and JA responses for three generations. This method is simple, effective and low-cost, and the finding of transcriptional changes of nicotine synthetic genes in the mutants shows potentials for identifying novel regulators involved in JA-regulated nicotine biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Yin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQingdao, China
| | - Haixia Niu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yongqiang Ding
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Dingyu Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Guanshan Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQingdao, China
| | - Sangen Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQingdao, China
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Rajabi F, Heene E, Maisch J, Nick P. Combination of Plant Metabolic Modules Yields Synthetic Synergies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169778. [PMID: 28081182 PMCID: PMC5231347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The great potential of pharmacologically active secondary plant metabolites is often limited by low yield and availability of the producing plant. Chemical synthesis of these complex compounds is often too expensive. Plant cell fermentation offers an alternative strategy to overcome these limitations. However, production in batch cell cultures remains often inefficient. One reason might be the fact that different cell types have to interact for metabolite maturation, which is poorly mimicked in suspension cell lines. Using alkaloid metabolism of tobacco, we explore an alternative strategy, where the metabolic interactions of different cell types in a plant tissue are technically mimicked based on different plant-cell based metabolic modules. In this study, we simulate the interaction found between the nicotine secreting cells of the root and the nicotine-converting cells of the senescent leaf, generating the target compound nornicotine in the model cell line tobacco BY-2. When the nicotine demethylase NtomCYP82E4 was overexpressed in tobacco BY-2 cells, nornicotine synthesis was triggered, but only to a minor extent. However, we show here that we can improve the production of nornicotine in this cell line by feeding the precursor, nicotine. Engineering of another cell line overexpressing the key enzyme NtabMPO1 allows to stimulate accumulation and secretion of this precursor. We show that the nornicotine production of NtomCYP82E4 cells can be significantly stimulated by feeding conditioned medium from NtabMPO1 overexpressors without any negative effect on the physiology of the cells. Co-cultivation of NtomCYP82E4 with NtabMPO1 stimulated nornicotine accumulation even further, demonstrating that the physical presence of cells was superior to just feeding the conditioned medium collected from the same cells. These results provide a proof of concept that combination of different metabolic modules can improve the productivity for target compounds in plant cell fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rajabi
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
| | - Ernst Heene
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
| | - Jan Maisch
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
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28
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Ma H, Wang F, Wang W, Yin G, Zhang D, Ding Y, Timko MP, Zhang H. Alternative splicing of basic chitinase gene PR3b in the low-nicotine mutants of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Burley 21. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5799-5809. [PMID: 27664270 PMCID: PMC5066497 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two unlinked semi-dominant loci, A (NIC1) and B (NIC2), control nicotine and related alkaloid biosynthesis in Burley tobaccos. Mutations in either or both loci (nic1 and nic2) lead to low nicotine phenotypes with altered environmental stress responses. Here we show that the transcripts derived from the pathogenesis-related (PR) protein gene PR3b are alternatively spliced to a greater extent in the nic1 and nic2 mutants of Burley 21 tobacco and the nic1nic2 double mutant. The alternative splicing results in a deletion of 65 nucleotides and introduces a premature stop codon into the coding region of PR3b that leads to a significant reduction of PR3b specific chitinase activity. Assays of PR3b splicing in F2 individuals derived from crosses between nic1 and nic2 mutants and wild-type plants showed that the splicing phenotype is controlled by the NIC1 and NIC2 loci, even though NIC1 and NIC2 are unlinked loci. Moreover, the transcriptional analyses showed that the splicing patterns of PR3b in the low-nicotine mutants were differentially regulated by jasmonate (JA) and ethylene (ET). These data suggest that the NIC1 and NIC2 loci display differential roles in regulating the alternative splicing of PR3b in Burley 21. The findings in this study have provided valuable information for extending our understanding of the broader effects of the low-nicotine mutants of Burley 21 and the mechanism by which JA and ET signalling pathways post-transcriptionally regulate the activity of PR3b protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Ma
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Guoying Yin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Dingyu Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yongqiang Ding
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Michael P Timko
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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29
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Dalton HL, Blomstedt CK, Neale AD, Gleadow R, DeBoer KD, Hamill JD. Effects of down-regulating ornithine decarboxylase upon putrescine-associated metabolism and growth in Nicotiana tabacum L. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3367-81. [PMID: 27126795 PMCID: PMC4892731 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic plants of Nicotiana tabacum L. homozygous for an RNAi construct designed to silence ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) had significantly lower concentrations of nicotine and nornicotine, but significantly higher concentrations of anatabine, compared with vector-only controls. Silencing of ODC also led to significantly reduced concentrations of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine), tyramine and phenolamides (caffeoylputrescine and dicaffeoylspermidine) with concomitant increases in concentrations of amino acids ornithine, arginine, aspartate, glutamate and glutamine. Root transcript levels of S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase, S-adenosyl methionine synthase and spermidine synthase (polyamine synthesis enzymes) were reduced compared with vector controls, whilst transcript levels of arginine decarboxylase (putrescine synthesis), putrescine methyltransferase (nicotine production) and multi-drug and toxic compound extrusion (alkaloid transport) proteins were elevated. In contrast, expression of two other key proteins required for alkaloid synthesis, quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (nicotinic acid production) and a PIP-family oxidoreductase (nicotinic acid condensation reactions), were diminished in roots of odc-RNAi plants relative to vector-only controls. Transcriptional and biochemical differences associated with polyamine and alkaloid metabolism were exacerbated in odc-RNAi plants in response to different forms of shoot damage. In general, apex removal had a greater effect than leaf wounding alone, with a combination of these injury treatments producing synergistic responses in some cases. Reduced expression of ODC appeared to have negative effects upon plant growth and vigour with some leaves of odc-RNAi lines being brittle and bleached compared with vector-only controls. Together, results of this study demonstrate that ornithine decarboxylase has important roles in facilitating both primary and secondary metabolism in Nicotiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi L Dalton
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Cecilia K Blomstedt
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Alan D Neale
- Deakin University, Centre for Regional and Rural Futures (CeRRF), Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Ros Gleadow
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kathleen D DeBoer
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - John D Hamill
- Deakin University, Centre for Regional and Rural Futures (CeRRF), Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
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30
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Rusanov K, Atanassov A, Atanassov I. Engineering Cell and Organ Cultures from Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Toward Commercial Production of Bioactive Metabolites. REFERENCE SERIES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32004-5_8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Ryan SM, DeBoer KD, Hamill JD. Alkaloid production and capacity for methyljasmonate induction by hairy roots of two species in Tribe Anthocercideae, family Solanaceae. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 42:792-801. [PMID: 32480722 DOI: 10.1071/fp15045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In addition to producing medicinally important tropane alkaloids, some species in the mainly Australian Solanaceous tribe Anthocercideae, sister to genus Nicotiana, are known to also contain substantial levels of the pyridine alkaloids nicotine and nornicotine. Here, we demonstrate that axenic hairy root cultures of two tribe Anthocercideae species, Cyphanthera tasmanica Miers and Anthocercis ilicifolia ssp. ilicifolia Hook, contain considerable amounts of both nicotine and nornicotine (~0.5-1% DW), together with lower levels of the tropane alkaloid hyoscyamine (<0.2% DW). Treatment of growing hairy roots of both species with micromolar levels of the wound stress hormone methyl-jasmonate (MeJa) led to significant increases (P<0.05) in pyridine alkaloid concentrations but not of hyoscyamine. Consistent with previous studies involving Nicotiana species, we also observed that transcript levels of key genes required for pyridine alkaloid synthesis increased in hairy roots of both Anthocercideae species following MeJa treatment. We hypothesise that wound-associated induction of pyridine alkaloid synthesis in extant species of tribe Anthocercideae and genus Nicotiana was a feature of common ancestral stock that existed before the separation of both lineages ~15million years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Ryan
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Building 18, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia
| | - Kathleen D DeBoer
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Building 18, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia
| | - John D Hamill
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures (CeRRF), Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Vic. 3220, Australia
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32
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Lewis RS, Lopez HO, Bowen SW, Andres KR, Steede WT, Dewey RE. Transgenic and mutation-based suppression of a berberine bridge enzyme-like (BBL) gene family reduces alkaloid content in field-grown tobacco. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117273. [PMID: 25688975 PMCID: PMC4331498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation exists to develop tobacco cultivars with reduced nicotine content for the purpose of facilitating compliance with expected tobacco product regulations that could mandate the lowering of nicotine levels per se, or the reduction of carcinogenic alkaloid-derived tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). A berberine bridge enzyme-like (BBL) gene family was recently characterized for N. tabacum and found to catalyze one of the final steps in pyridine alkaloid synthesis for this species. Because this gene family acts downstream in the nicotine biosynthetic pathway, it may represent an attractive target for genetic strategies with the objective of reducing alkaloid content in field-grown tobacco. In this research, we produced transgenic doubled haploid lines of tobacco cultivar K326 carrying an RNAi construct designed to reduce expression of the BBL gene family. Field-grown transgenic lines carrying functional RNAi constructs exhibited average cured leaf nicotine levels of 0.684%, in comparison to 2.454% for the untransformed control. Since numerous barriers would need to be overcome to commercialize transgenic tobacco cultivars, we subsequently pursued a mutation breeding approach to identify EMS-induced mutations in the three most highly expressed isoforms of the BBL gene family. Field evaluation of individuals possessing different homozygous combinations of truncation mutations in BBLa, BBLb, and BBLc indicated that a range of alkaloid phenotypes could be produced, with the triple homozygous knockout genotype exhibiting greater than a 13-fold reduction in percent total alkaloids. The novel source of genetic variability described here may be useful in future tobacco breeding for varied alkaloid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsey S. Lewis
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Harry O. Lopez
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Steve W. Bowen
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Karen R. Andres
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William T. Steede
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ralph E. Dewey
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
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Wang X, Bennetzen JL. Current status and prospects for the study of Nicotiana genomics, genetics, and nicotine biosynthesis genes. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 290:11-21. [PMID: 25582664 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-0989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nicotiana, a member of the Solanaceae family, is one of the most important research model plants, and of high agricultural and economic value worldwide. To better understand the substantial and rapid research progress with Nicotiana in recent years, its genomics, genetics, and nicotine gene studies are summarized, with useful web links. Several important genetic maps, including a high-density map of N. tabacum consisting of ~2,000 markers published in 2012, provide tools for genetics research. Four whole genome sequences are from allotetraploid species, including N. benthamiana in 2012, and three N. tabacum cultivars (TN90, K326, and BX) in 2014. Three whole genome sequences are from diploids, including progenitors N. sylvestris and N. tomentosiformis in 2013 and N. otophora in 2014. These and additional studies provide numerous insights into genome evolution after polyploidization, including changes in gene composition and transcriptome expression in N. tabacum. The major genes involved in the nicotine biosynthetic pathway have been identified and the genetic basis of the differences in nicotine levels among Nicotiana species has been revealed. In addition, other progress on chloroplast, mitochondrial, and NCBI-registered projects on Nicotiana are discussed. The challenges and prospects for genomic, genetic and application research are addressed. Hence, this review provides important resources and guidance for current and future research and application in Nicotiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Wang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China,
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Cheng Q, Su P, Hu Y, He Y, Gao W, Huang L. RNA interference-mediated repression of SmCPS (copalyldiphosphate synthase) expression in hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza causes a decrease of tanshinones and sheds light on the functional role of SmCPS. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:363-9. [PMID: 24078134 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tanshinones are a group of bioactive abietane-type norditerpenoid quinone compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Copalyldiphosphate synthase of S. miltiorrhiza (SmCPS) is the first key enzyme in tanshinone biosynthesis from the universal diterpene precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate. Hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza were transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes carrying an RNA interference (RNAi) construct designed to silence SmCPS, and we examined the resulting SmCPS expression and tanshinone accumulation. In SmCPS–RNAi hairy roots, the transcript level of SmCPS was reduced to 26 % while the dihydrotanshinone I and cryptotanshinone levels were decreased by 53 and 38 % compared to those of the vector control hairy roots; tanshinone IIA was not detected. Therefore, the decreased expression of SmCPS caused a decrease in tanshinone levels which verifies that SmCPS is a key enzyme for tanshinone biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Wang Y, Wang H, Fan R, Yang Q, Yu D. Transcriptome analysis of soybean lines reveals transcript diversity and genes involved in the response to common cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius) feeding. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2086-101. [PMID: 24506757 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between soybeans and the destructive common cutworm insect is complicated. In this paper, the time course of induced responses to common cutworm was characterized in two soybean lines, and the results showed that the induced resistance peaked at different times in the resistant (WX) and susceptible (NN) soybean lines. Two sets of transcriptome profiles from the WX and NN lines at the peak of their induced resistance were compared using microarray analysis. In total, 827 and 349 transcripts were differentially expressed in the WX and NN lines, respectively, with 80 probes common regulated and seven regulated in the opposite direction. All common- and unique-regulated genes were grouped into 10 functional categories based on sequence similarity searches, which showed that most of the genes were related to stress and defence responses. qRT-PCR analysis of 22 genes confirmed the results of the microarray analysis. The spatiotemporal expression patterns of the six genes revealed the consistency of systemic expression levels with the timing of the resistance response observed in the bioassay experiments. In summary, we described the conceptual model of induced resistance in two soybean lines and provided the first large-scale survey of common cutworm-induced defence transcripts in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
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Sears MT, Zhang H, Rushton PJ, Wu M, Han S, Spano AJ, Timko MP. NtERF32: a non-NIC2 locus AP2/ERF transcription factor required in jasmonate-inducible nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 84:49-66. [PMID: 23934400 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is highly regulated by jasmonic acid (JA). Two nuclear loci, A and B (renamed NIC1 and NIC2) have been identified that mediate JA-inducible nicotine formation and total alkaloid accumulation. NIC2 was recently shown to be a cluster of seven genes encoding Apetala2/Ethylene-Response Factor (AP2/ERF)-domain transcription factors (TFs) in Group IX of the tobacco AP2/ERF family. Here we report the characterization of several NtERF TF genes that are not within the NIC2 locus, but required for methyl JA (MeJA)-induced nicotine biosynthesis. Expression of NtERF1, NtERF32, and NtERF121 is rapidly induced (<30 min) by MeJA treatment. All three of these TFs specifically bind the GCC box-like element of the GAG motif required for MeJA-induced transcription of NtPMT1a, a gene encoding putrescine N-methyltransferase, the first committed step in the synthesis of the nicotine pyrrolidine ring. Ectopic overexpression of NtERF32 increases expression of NtPMT1a in vivo and elevates total alkaloid contents, whereas RNAi-mediated knockdown of NtERF32 reduces the mRNA levels of multiple genes in the nicotine biosynthetic pathway including NtPMT1a and quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (NtQPT2), and lowers nicotine and total alkaloid levels. We conclude that NtERF32 and related ERF genes are important non-NIC2 locus associated transcriptional regulators of nicotine and total alkaloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta T Sears
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Gilmer Hall 044, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA,
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Cai B, Jack AM, Lewis RS, Dewey RE, Bush LP. (R)-nicotine biosynthesis, metabolism and translocation in tobacco as determined by nicotine demethylase mutants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 95:188-96. [PMID: 23849545 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is a chiral compound and consequently exists as two enantiomers. Since (R)-nicotine consists of less than 0.5% of total nicotine pool in tobacco, few investigations relating to (R)-nicotine have been reported. However, previous studies of nicotine demethylases suggested there was substantial amount of (R)-nicotine at synthesis in the tobacco plant. In this study, the accumulation and translocation of (R)-nicotine in tobacco was analyzed. The accumulation of nicotine and its demethylation product the nornicotine enantiomers, were investigated in different tobacco plant parts and at different growth and post-harvest stages. Scion/rootstock grafts were used to separate the contributions of roots (source) from leaves (sink) to the final accumulation of nicotine and nornicotine in leaf tissue. The results indicate that 4% of nicotine is in the (R) form at synthesis in the root. After the majority of (R)-nicotine is selectively demethylated by CYP82E4, CYP82E5v2 and CYP82E10 in the root, nicotine and nornicotine are translocated to leaf, where more nicotine becomes demethylated. Depending on the CYP82E4 activity in senescing leaf, constant low (R)-nicotine remains in the tobacco leaf and variable nornicotine composition is produced. These results confirmed the enantioselectivity of three nicotine demethylases in planta, could be used to predict the changes of nicotine and nornicotine composition, and may facilitate demethylase discovery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cai
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, United States
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38
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Dewey RE, Xie J. Molecular genetics of alkaloid biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 94:10-27. [PMID: 23953973 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids represent an extensive group of nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites that are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. The pyridine alkaloids of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) have been the subject of particularly intensive investigation, driven largely due to the widespread use of tobacco products by society and the role that nicotine (16) (see Fig. 1) plays as the primary compound responsible for making the consumption of these products both pleasurable and addictive. In a typical commercial tobacco plant, nicotine (16) comprises about 90% of the total alkaloid pool, with the alkaloids nornicotine (17) (a demethylated derivative of nicotine), anatabine (15) and anabasine (5) making up most of the remainder. Advances in molecular biology have led to the characterization of the majority of the genes encoding the enzymes directly responsible the biosynthesis of nicotine (16) and nornicotine (17), while notable gaps remain within the anatabine (15) and anabasine (5) biosynthetic pathways. Several of the genes involved in the transcriptional regulation and transport of nicotine (16) have also been elucidated. Investigations of the molecular genetics of tobacco alkaloids have not only provided plant biologists with insights into the mechanisms underlying the synthesis and accumulation of this important class of plant alkaloids, they have also yielded tools and strategies for modifying the tobacco alkaloid composition in a manner that can result in changing the levels of nicotine (16) within the leaf, or reducing the levels of a potent carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA). This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the molecular genetics of alkaloid biosynthesis in tobacco, and discusses the potential for applying information accrued from these studies toward efforts designed to help mitigate some of the negative health consequences associated with the use of tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph E Dewey
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Box 8009, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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DeBoer KD, Dalton HL, Edward FJ, Ryan SM, Hamill JD. RNAi-mediated down-regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) impedes wound-stress stimulation of anabasine synthesis in Nicotiana glauca. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 86:21-8. [PMID: 23177980 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Unlike most Nicotiana species, leaf tissues of the globally significant weed Nicotiana glauca Grah. (Argentinian tree tobacco) contains anabasine as the main component of its alkaloid pool, with concentrations typically increasing several fold in response to wounding of plants. The Δ(1)-piperidinium ring of anabasine is synthesised from cadaverine, via the decarboxylation of lysine, however the identity of the protein catalysing this reaction remains unknown. Recent studies indicate that ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), an enzyme involved in the synthesis of the diamine putrescine, may also possess LDC activity. Previously we found that ODC transcript is markedly up-regulated in leaves of N. glauca in response to wounding. In order to examine the role of ODC in the synthesis of anabasine in N. glauca, transcript levels were constitutively down-regulated in hairy root cultures and transgenic plants via the introduction of a CaMV35S driven ODC-RNAi construct. In addition to the anticipated marked reduction in nicotine concentrations, demonstrating that the ODC-RNAi construct was functioning in vivo, we observed that N. glauca ODC-RNAi hairy root cultures had a significantly diminished capacity to elevate anabasine synthesis in response to treatment with the wound-associated hormone methyl jasmonate, when compared to vector-only controls. We observed also that ODC-RNAi transgenic plants had significantly reduced ability to increase anabasine concentrations following removal of the plant apex. We conclude that ODC does have an important role in enabling N. glauca to elevate levels of anabasine in response to wound-associated stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen D DeBoer
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Cai B, Siminszky B, Chappell J, Dewey RE, Bush LP. Enantioselective demethylation of nicotine as a mechanism for variable nornicotine composition in tobacco leaf. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:42804-11. [PMID: 23100254 PMCID: PMC3522278 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.413807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine and its N-demethylation product nornicotine are two important alkaloids in Nicotiana tabacum L. (tobacco). Both nicotine and nornicotine have two stereoisomers that differ from each other at 2'-C position on the pyrrolidine ring. (S)-Nicotine is the predominant form in the tobacco leaf, whereas the (R)-enantiomer only accounts for ∼0.2% of the total nicotine pool. Despite considerable past efforts, a comprehensive understanding of the factors responsible for generating an elevated and variable enantiomer fraction of nornicotine (EF(nnic) of 0.04 to 0.75) from the consistently low EF observed for nicotine has been lacking. The objective of this study was to determine potential roles of enantioselective demethylation in the formation of the nornicotine EF. Recombinant CYP82E4, CYP82E5v2, and CYP82E10, three known tobacco nicotine demethylases, were expressed in yeast and assayed for their enantioselectivities in vitro. Recombinant CYP82E4, CYP82E5v2, and CYP82E10 demethylated (R)-nicotine 3-, 10-, and 10-fold faster than (S)-nicotine, respectively. The combined enantioselective properties of the three nicotine demethylases can reasonably account for the nornicotine composition observed in tobacco leaves, which was confirmed in planta. Collectively, our studies suggest that an enantioselective mechanism facilitates the maintenance of a reduced (R)-nicotine pool and, depending on the relative abundances of the three nicotine demethylase enzymes, can confer a high (R)-enantiomer percentage within the nornicotine fraction of the leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cai
- From the Department of Plant and Soil Sciences,University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546-0312 and
| | - Balazs Siminszky
- From the Department of Plant and Soil Sciences,University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546-0312 and
| | - Joseph Chappell
- From the Department of Plant and Soil Sciences,University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546-0312 and
| | - Ralph E. Dewey
- the Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8009
| | - Lowell P. Bush
- From the Department of Plant and Soil Sciences,University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546-0312 and
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Hairy root cultures: A suitable biological system for studying secondary metabolic pathways in plants. Eng Life Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Welch KD, Pfister JA, Lima FG, Green BT, Gardner DR. Effect of α₇ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists and antagonists on motor function in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 266:366-74. [PMID: 23219611 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated cation channels found throughout the body, and serve to mediate diverse physiological functions. Muscle-type nAChRs located in the motor endplate region of muscle fibers play an integral role in muscle contraction and thus motor function. The toxicity and teratogenicity of many plants (which results in millions of dollars in losses annually to the livestock industry) are due to various toxins that bind to nAChRs including deltaline and methyllycaconitine (MLA) from larkspur (Delphinium) species, and nicotine and anabasine from tobacco (Nicotiana) species. The primary result of the actions of these alkaloids at nAChRs is neuromuscular paralysis and respiratory failure. The objective of this study was to further characterize the motor coordination deficiencies that occur upon exposure to a non-lethal dose of nAChR antagonists MLA and deltaline as well as nAChR agonists nicotine and anabasine. We evaluated the effect of nAChR agonists and antagonists on the motor function and coordination in mice using a balance beam, grip strength meter, rotarod, open field analysis and tremor monitor. These analyses demonstrated that within seconds after treatment the mice had significant loss of motor function and coordination that lasted up to 1 min, followed by a short period of quiescence. Recovery to normal muscle coordination was rapid, typically within approximately 10 min post-dosing. However, mice treated with the nAChR agonist nicotine and anabasine required a slightly longer time to recover some aspects of normal muscle function in comparison to mice treated with the nAChR antagonist MLA or deltaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Welch
- USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400N., Logan, UT 84341, USA.
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Pakdeechanuan P, Shoji T, Hashimoto T. Root-to-shoot translocation of alkaloids is dominantly suppressed in Nicotiana alata. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 53:1247-54. [PMID: 22555816 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), nicotine and related pyridine alkaloids are produced in the root, and then transported to the aerial parts where these toxic chemicals function as part of chemical defense against insect herbivory. Although a few tobacco transporters have been recently reported to take up nicotine into the vacuole from the cytoplasm or into the cytoplasm from the apoplast, it is not known how the long-range translocation of tobacco alkaloids between organs is controlled. Nicotiana langsdorffii and N. alata are closely related species of diploid Nicotiana section Alatae, but the latter does not accumulate tobacco alkaloids in the leaf. We show here that N. alata does synthesize alkaloids in the root, but lacks the capacity to mobilize the root-borne alkaloids to the aerial parts. Interspecific grafting experiments between N. alata and N. langsdorffii indicate that roots of N. alata are unable to translocate alkaloids to their shoot system. Interestingly, genetic studies involving interspecific hybrids between N. alata and N. langsdorffii and their self-crossed or back-crossed progeny showed that the non-translocation phenotype is dominant over the translocation phenotype. These results indicate that a mechanism to retain tobacco alkaloids within the root organ has evolved in N. alata, which may represent an interesting strategy to control the distribution of secondary products within a whole plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phattharaporn Pakdeechanuan
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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Ryan SM, Cane KA, DeBoer KD, Sinclair SJ, Brimblecombe R, Hamill JD. Structure and expression of the quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPT) gene family in Nicotiana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 188-189:102-10. [PMID: 22525250 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of wound-inducible pyridine alkaloids is characteristic of species in the genus Nicotiana. The enzyme quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPT) plays a key role in facilitating the availability of precursors for alkaloid synthesis, in addition to its ubiquitous role in enabling NAD(P)(H) synthesis. In a previous study, we reported that Nicotiana tabacum L. var. NC 95 possesses a QPT RFLP pattern similar to its model paternal progenitor species, Nicotiana tomentosiformis Goodsp. Here we show that although some varieties of N. tabacum (e.g. NC 95 and LAFC 53) possess QPT genomic contributions from only its paternal progenitor species, this is not the case for many other N. tabacum varieties (e.g. Xanthi, Samsun, Petite Havana SR1 and SC 58) where genomic QPT sequences from both diploid progenitor species have been retained. We also report that QPT is encoded by duplicate genes (designated QPT1 and QPT2) not only in N. tabacum, but also its model progenitor species Nicotiana sylvestris Speg. and Comes and N. tomentosiformis as well as in the diploid species Nicotiana glauca Graham. Previous studies have demonstrated that the N. tabacum QPT2 gene encodes a functional enzyme via complementation of a nadC(-)Escherichia coli mutant. Using a similar experimental approach here, we demonstrate that the N. tabacum QPT1 gene also encodes a functional QPT protein. We observe too that QPT2 is the predominate transcript present in both alkaloid and non-alkaloid synthesising tissues in N. tabacum and that promoter regions of both QPT1 and QPT2 are able to produce GUS activity in reproductive tissues. In N. tabacum and in several other Nicotiana species tested, QPT2 transcript levels increase following wounding or methyl jasmonate treatment whilst QPT1 transcript levels remain largely unaltered by these treatments. Together with conclusions from recently published studies involving functional interaction of MYC2-bHLH and specific ERF-type and transcription factors with QPT2-promoter sequences from N. tabacum, our results suggest that whilst both members of the QPT gene family can contribute to the transcript pool in both alkaloid producing and non-producing tissues, it is QPT2 that is regulated in association with inducible defensive pyridine alkaloid synthesis in species across the genus Nicotiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ryan
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Green BT, Lee ST, Panter KE, Brown DR. Piperidine alkaloids: human and food animal teratogens. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2049-55. [PMID: 22449544 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Piperidine alkaloids are acutely toxic to adult livestock species and produce musculoskeletal deformities in neonatal animals. These teratogenic effects include multiple congenital contracture (MCC) deformities and cleft palate in cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats. Poisonous plants containing teratogenic piperidine alkaloids include poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), lupine (Lupinus spp.), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) [including wild tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca)]. There is abundant epidemiological evidence in humans that link maternal tobacco use with a high incidence of oral clefting in newborns; this association may be partly attributable to the presence of piperidine alkaloids in tobacco products. In this review, we summarize the evidence for piperidine alkaloids that act as teratogens in livestock, piperidine alkaloid structure-activity relationships and their potential implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T Green
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
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Finefield JM, Sherman DH, Kreitman M, Williams RM. Enantiomeric natural products: occurrence and biogenesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4802-36. [PMID: 22555867 PMCID: PMC3498912 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In nature, chiral natural products are usually produced in optically pure form-however, occasionally both enantiomers are formed. These enantiomeric natural products can arise from a single species or from different genera and/or species. Extensive research has been carried out over the years in an attempt to understand the biogenesis of naturally occurring enantiomers; however, many fascinating puzzles and stereochemical anomalies still remain.
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Finefield JM, Sherman DH, Kreitman M, Williams RM. Enantiomere Naturstoffe: Vorkommen und Biogenese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ling HY, Edwards AM, Gantier MP, DeBoer KD, Neale AD, Hamill JD, Walmsley AM. An interspecific Nicotiana hybrid as a useful and cost-effective platform for production of animal vaccines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35688. [PMID: 22539991 PMCID: PMC3334924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of transgenic plants to produce novel products has great biotechnological potential as the relatively inexpensive inputs of light, water, and nutrients are utilised in return for potentially valuable bioactive metabolites, diagnostic proteins and vaccines. Extensive research is ongoing in this area internationally with the aim of producing plant-made vaccines of importance for both animals and humans. Vaccine purification is generally regarded as being integral to the preparation of safe and effective vaccines for use in humans. However, the use of crude plant extracts for animal immunisation may enable plant-made vaccines to become a cost-effective and efficacious approach to safely immunise large numbers of farm animals against diseases such as avian influenza. Since the technology associated with genetic transformation and large-scale propagation is very well established in Nicotiana, the genus has attributes well-suited for the production of plant-made vaccines. However the presence of potentially toxic alkaloids in Nicotiana extracts impedes their use as crude vaccine preparations. In the current study we describe a Nicotiana tabacum and N. glauca hybrid that expresses the HA glycoprotein of influenza A in its leaves but does not synthesize alkaloids. We demonstrate that injection with crude leaf extracts from these interspecific hybrid plants is a safe and effective approach for immunising mice. Moreover, this antigen-producing alkaloid-free, transgenic interspecific hybrid is vigorous, with a high capacity for vegetative shoot regeneration after harvesting. These plants are easily propagated by vegetative cuttings and have the added benefit of not producing viable pollen, thus reducing potential problems associated with bio-containment. Hence, these Nicotiana hybrids provide an advantageous production platform for partially purified, plant-made vaccines which may be particularly well suited for use in veterinary immunization programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Yian Ling
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron M. Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael P. Gantier
- Monash Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Cancer Research, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathleen D. DeBoer
- Department of Anatomy and Development Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan D. Neale
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John D. Hamill
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, Creswick, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda M. Walmsley
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Tang S, Wang Y, Li Z, Gui Y, Xiao B, Xie J, Zhu QH, Fan L. Identification of wounding and topping responsive small RNAs in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:28. [PMID: 22353177 PMCID: PMC3306195 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are two major classes of small RNAs. They play important regulatory roles in plants and animals by regulating transcription, stability and/or translation of target genes in a sequence-complementary dependent manner. Over 4,000 miRNAs and several classes of siRNAs have been identified in plants, but in tobacco only computational prediction has been performed and no tobacco-specific miRNA has been experimentally identified. Wounding is believed to induce defensive response in tobacco, but the mechanism responsible for this response is yet to be uncovered. RESULTS To get insight into the role of small RNAs in damage-induced responses, we sequenced and analysed small RNA populations in roots and leaves from wounding or topping treated tobacco plants. In addition to confirmation of expression of 27 known miRNA families, we identified 59 novel tobacco-specific miRNA members of 38 families and a large number of loci generating phased 21- or 24-nt small RNAs (including ta-siRNAs). A number of miRNAs and phased small RNAs were found to be responsive to wounding or topping treatment. Targets of small RNAs were further surveyed by degradome sequencing. CONCLUSIONS The expression changes of miRNAs and phased small RNAs responsive to wounding or topping and identification of defense related targets for these small RNAs suggest that the inducible defense response in tobacco might be controlled by pathways involving small RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- She Tang
- Department of Agronomy and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Agronomy and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zefeng Li
- Department of Agronomy and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijie Gui
- Department of Agronomy and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingguang Xiao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences and China Tobacco Breeding Research Center at Yunnan, Yuxi 653100, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiahua Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Qian-Hao Zhu
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Longjiang Fan
- Department of Agronomy and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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Zhang HB, Bokowiec MT, Rushton PJ, Han SC, Timko MP. Tobacco transcription factors NtMYC2a and NtMYC2b form nuclear complexes with the NtJAZ1 repressor and regulate multiple jasmonate-inducible steps in nicotine biosynthesis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2012; 5:73-84. [PMID: 21746701 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssr056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stress lead to elevated levels of jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives and activation of the biosynthesis of nicotine and related pyridine alkaloids in cultivated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Among the JA-responsive genes is NtPMT1a, encoding putrescine N-methyl transferase, a key regulatory enzyme in nicotine formation. We have characterized three genes (NtMYC2a, b, c) encoding basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) whose expression is rapidly induced by JA and that specifically activate JA-inducible NtPMT1a expression by binding a G-box motif within the NtPMT1a promoter in in vivo and in vitro assays. Using split-YFP assays, we further show that, in the absence of JA, NtMYC2a and NtMYC2b are present as nuclear complexes with the NtJAZ1 repressor. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of NtMYC2a and NtMYC2b expression results in significant decreases in JA-inducible NtPMT1a transcript levels, as well as reduced levels of transcripts encoding other enzymes involved in nicotine and minor alkaloid biosynthesis, including an 80-90% reduction in the level of transcripts encoding the putative nicotine synthase gene NtA662. In contrast, ectopic overexpression of NtMYC2a and NtMYC2b had no effect on NtPMT1a expression in the presence or absence of exogenously added JA. These data suggest that NtMYC2a, b, c are required components of JA-inducible expression of multiple genes in the nicotine biosynthetic pathway and may act additively in the activation of JA responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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