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Krysiak S, Burda K. The Effect of Removal of External Proteins PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ on Flash-Induced Molecular Oxygen Evolution and Its Biphasicity in Tobacco PSII. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7187-7218. [PMID: 39057069 PMCID: PMC11276211 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The oxygen evolution within photosystem II (PSII) is one of the most enigmatic processes occurring in nature. It is suggested that external proteins surrounding the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) not only stabilize it and provide an appropriate ionic environment but also create water channels, which could be involved in triggering the ingress of water and the removal of O2 and protons outside the system. To investigate the influence of these proteins on the rate of oxygen release and the efficiency of OEC function, we developed a measurement protocol for the direct measurement of the kinetics of oxygen release from PSII using a Joliot-type electrode. PSII-enriched tobacco thylakoids were used in the experiments. The results revealed the existence of slow and fast modes of oxygen evolution. This observation is model-independent and requires no specific assumptions about the initial distribution of the OEC states. The gradual removal of exogenous proteins resulted in a slowdown of the rapid phase (~ms) of O2 release and its gradual disappearance while the slow phase (~tens of ms) accelerated. The role of external proteins in regulating the biphasicity and efficiency of oxygen release is discussed based on observed phenomena and current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kvetoslava Burda
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
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2
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van Midden KP, Mantz M, Fonovič M, Gazvoda M, Svete J, Huesgen PF, van der Hoorn RAL, Klemenčič M. Mechanistic insights into CrCEP1: A dual-function cysteine protease with endo- and transpeptidase activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132505. [PMID: 38768911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Proteases, essential regulators of plant stress responses, remain enigmatic in their precise functional roles. By employing activity-based probes for real-time monitoring, this study aimed to delve into protease activities in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. However, our work revealed that the activity-based probes strongly labelled three non-proteolytic proteins-PsbO, PsbP, and PsbQ-integral components of photosystem II's oxygen-evolving complex. Subsequent biochemical assays and mass spectrometry experiments revealed the involvement of CrCEP1, a previously uncharacterized papain-like cysteine protease, as the catalyst of this labelling reaction. Further experiments with recombinant CrCEP1 and PsbO proteins replicated the reaction in vitro. Our data unveiled that endopeptidase CrCEP1 also has transpeptidase activity, ligating probes and peptides to the N-termini of Psb proteins, thereby expanding the repertoire of its enzymatic activities. The hitherto unknown transpeptidase activity of CrCEP1, working in conjunction with its proteolytic activity, unveils putative complex and versatile roles for proteases in cellular processes during stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina P van Midden
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Melissa Mantz
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; CECAD, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marko Fonovič
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Gazvoda
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Svete
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; CECAD, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Marina Klemenčič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Mehra HS, Wang X, Russell BP, Kulkarni N, Ferrari N, Larson B, Vinyard DJ. Assembly and Repair of Photosystem II in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:811. [PMID: 38592843 PMCID: PMC10975043 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms use Photosystem II (PSII) to oxidize water and reduce plastoquinone. Here, we review the mechanisms by which PSII is assembled and turned over in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This species has been used to make key discoveries in PSII research due to its metabolic flexibility and amenability to genetic approaches. PSII subunits originate from both nuclear and chloroplastic gene products in Chlamydomonas. Nuclear-encoded PSII subunits are transported into the chloroplast and chloroplast-encoded PSII subunits are translated by a coordinated mechanism. Active PSII dimers are built from discrete reaction center complexes in a process facilitated by assembly factors. The phosphorylation of core subunits affects supercomplex formation and localization within the thylakoid network. Proteolysis primarily targets the D1 subunit, which when replaced, allows PSII to be reactivated and completes a repair cycle. While PSII has been extensively studied using Chlamydomonas as a model species, important questions remain about its assembly and repair which are presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David J. Vinyard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (H.S.M.); (X.W.); (B.P.R.); (N.K.); (N.F.); (B.L.)
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4
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Dai W, Wang X, Zhuang M, Sun J, Shen Y, Xia Z, Wu T, Jiang R, Li A, Bi F, Zhang J, He P. Responses of photosynthesis-related genes in Sargassum horneri to high temperature stress. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115944. [PMID: 38142666 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Golden tide outbreak threatened the marine ecological environment. Sargassum horneri is a single dominant species of the Yellow Sea golden tide, which growth and development are affected by changes in sea water temperature. This study investigated the photosynthetic physiology of copper algae and found that the growth rate, chlorophyll a content, carotenoid content, Fv/Fm, and maximum electron transfer efficiency were significantly reduced, indicating that Sargassum horneri was under stress under high temperature. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the response mechanisms of photosynthesis-related genes in S. horneri under high temperature stress. The results showed that most of the photosynthesis-related genes in S. horneri were downregulated and photosynthesis was inhibited under high temperature stress. However, the expression levels of ferredoxin, ferredoxin-NADP reductase, light-harvesting protein complexes, and oxygen-evolving complex genes were significantly upregulated (P ≤ 0.05) after five days of high temperature treatment. This study found that photosynthesis related genes play a crucial role in regulating the photosynthetic response of S. horneri to high temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Minmin Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yifei Shen
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhangyi Xia
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Tingjian Wu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ruitong Jiang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Aiqin Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Fangling Bi
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jianheng Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Peimin He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Sartori RB, Deprá MC, Dias RR, Fagundes MB, Zepka LQ, Jacob-Lopes E. The Role of Light on the Microalgae Biotechnology: Fundamentals, Technological Approaches, and Sustainability Issues. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2024; 18:22-51. [PMID: 38205773 DOI: 10.2174/1872208317666230504104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Light energy directly affects microalgae growth and productivity. Microalgae in natural environments receive light through solar fluxes, and their duration and distribution are highly variable over time. Consequently, microalgae must adjust their photosynthetic processes to avoid photo limitation and photoinhibition and maximize yield. Considering these circumstances, adjusting light capture through artificial lighting in the main culture systems benefits microalgae growth and induces the production of commercially important compounds. In this sense, this review provides a comprehensive study of the role of light in microalgae biotechnology. For this, we present the main fundamentals and reactions of metabolism and metabolic alternatives to regulate photosynthetic conversion in microalgae cells. Light conversions based on natural and artificial systems are compared, mainly demonstrating the impact of solar radiation on natural systems and lighting devices, spectral compositions, periodic modulations, and light fluxes when using artificial lighting systems. The most commonly used photobioreactor design and performance are shown herein, in addition to a more detailed discussion of light-dependent approaches in these photobioreactors. In addition, we present the principal advances in photobioreactor projects, focusing on lighting, through a patent-based analysis to map technological trends. Lastly, sustainability and economic issues in commercializing microalgae products were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Basso Sartori
- Bioprocess Intensification Group, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariany Costa Deprá
- Bioprocess Intensification Group, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Rodrigues Dias
- Bioprocess Intensification Group, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariane Bittencourt Fagundes
- Bioprocess Intensification Group, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Leila Queiroz Zepka
- Bioprocess Intensification Group, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jacob-Lopes
- Bioprocess Intensification Group, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Su X, Yue X, Kong M, Xie Z, Yan J, Ma W, Wang Y, Zhao J, Zhang X, Liu M. Leaf Color Classification and Expression Analysis of Photosynthesis-Related Genes in Inbred Lines of Chinese Cabbage Displaying Minor Variations in Dark-Green Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112124. [PMID: 37299103 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of the Chinese cabbage which is most widely consumed come in a wide variety of colors. Leaves that are dark green can promote photosynthesis, effectively improving crop yield, and therefore hold important application and cultivation value. In this study, we selected nine inbred lines of Chinese cabbage displaying slight differences in leaf color, and graded the leaf color using the reflectance spectra. We clarified the differences in gene sequences and the protein structure of ferrochelatase 2 (BrFC2) among the nine inbred lines, and used qRT-PCR to analyze the expression differences of photosynthesis-related genes in inbred lines with minor variations in dark-green leaves. We found expression differences among the inbred lines of Chinese cabbage in photosynthesis-related genes involved in the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, as well as in photosynthesis and photosynthesis-antenna protein pathway. Chlorophyll b content was significantly positively correlated with the expression of PsbQ, LHCA1_1 and LHCB6_1, while chlorophyll a content was significantly negatively correlated with the expression PsbQ, LHCA1_1 and LHCA1_2. Our results provide an empirical basis for the precise identification of candidate genes and a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the production of dark-green leaves in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Su
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiaonan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Mingyu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Ziwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jinghui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
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7
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Boussac A, Sellés J, Sugiura M. Energetics and proton release in photosystem II from Thermosynechococcus elongatus with a D1 protein encoded by either the psbA 2 or psbA 3 gene. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:148979. [PMID: 37080330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.148979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
In the cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus, there are three psbA genes coding for the Photosystem II (PSII) D1 subunit that interacts with most of the main cofactors involved in the electron transfers. Recently, the 3D crystal structures of both PsbA2-PSII and PsbA3-PSII have been solved [Nakajima et al., J. Biol. Chem. 298 (2022) 102668.]. It was proposed that the loss of one hydrogen bond of PheD1 due to the D1-Y147F exchange in PsbA2-PSII resulted in a more negative Em of PheD1 in PsbA2-PSII when compared to PsbA3-PSII. In addition, the loss of two water molecules in the Cl-1 channel was attributed to the D1-P173M substitution in PsbA2-PSII. This exchange, by narrowing the Cl-1 proton channel, could be at the origin of a slowing down of the proton release. Here, we have continued the characterization of PsbA2-PSII by measuring the thermoluminescence from the S2QA-/DCMU charge recombination and by measuring proton release kinetics using time-resolved absorption changes of the dye bromocresol purple. It was found that i) the Em of PheD1-•/PheD1 was decreased by ~30 mV in PsbA2-PSII when compared to PsbA3-PSII and ii) the kinetics of the proton release into the bulk was significantly slowed down in PsbA2-PSII in the S2TyrZ• to S3TyrZ and S3TyrZ• → (S3TyrZ•)' transitions. This slowing down was partially reversed by the PsbA2/M173P mutation and induced by the PsbA3/P173M mutation thus confirming a role of the D1-173 residue in the egress of protons trough the Cl-1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Boussac
- I2BC, UMR CNRS 9198, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Julien Sellés
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR CNRS 7141 and Sorbonne Université, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Miwa Sugiura
- Proteo-Science Research Center, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
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Park H, Wang W, Min SH, Ren Y, Shin K, Han X. Artificial organelles for sustainable chemical energy conversion and production in artificial cells: Artificial mitochondrion and chloroplasts. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011311. [PMID: 38510162 PMCID: PMC10903398 DOI: 10.1063/5.0131071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable energy conversion modules are the main challenges for building complex reaction cascades in artificial cells. Recent advances in biotechnology have enabled this sustainable energy supply, especially the adenosine triphosphate (ATP), by mimicking the organelles, which are the core structures for energy conversion in living cells. Three components are mainly shared by the artificial organelles: the membrane compartment separating the inner and outer parts, membrane proteins for proton translocation, and the molecular rotary machine for ATP synthesis. Depending on the initiation factors, they are further categorized into artificial mitochondrion and artificial chloroplasts, which use chemical nutrients for oxidative phosphorylation and light for photosynthesis, respectively. In this review, we summarize the essential components needed for artificial organelles and then review the recent progress on two different artificial organelles. Recent strategies, purified and identified proteins, and working principles are discussed. With more study on the artificial mitochondrion and artificial chloroplasts, they are expected to be very powerful tools, allowing us to achieve complex cascading reactions in artificial cells, like the ones that happen in real cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, South Korea
| | - Weichen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Seo Hyeon Min
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, South Korea
| | - Yongshuo Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Kwanwoo Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, South Korea
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Transcriptome analysis of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves to identify differentially expressed genes associated with post-harvest shelf-life elongation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18195. [PMID: 36307466 PMCID: PMC9616847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Present study deals with molecular expression patterns responsible for post-harvest shelf-life extension of mulberry leaves. Quantitative profiling showed retention of primary metabolite and accumulation of stress markers in NS7 and CO7 respectively. The leaf mRNA profiles was sequenced using the Illumina platform to identify DEGs. A total of 3413 DEGs were identified between the treatments. Annotation with Arabidopsis database has identified 1022 DEGs unigenes. STRING generated protein-protein interaction, identified 1013 DEGs nodes with p < 1.0e-16. KEGG classifier has identified genes and their participating biological processes. MCODE and BiNGO detected sub-networking and ontological enrichment, respectively at p ≤ 0.05. Genes associated with chloroplast architecture, photosynthesis, detoxifying ROS and RCS, and innate-immune response were significantly up-regulated, responsible for extending shelf-life in NS7. Loss of storage sucrose, enhanced activity of senescence-related hormones, accumulation of xenobiotics, and development of osmotic stress inside tissue system was the probable reason for tissue deterioration in CO7. qPCR validation of DEGs was in good agreement with RNA sequencing results, indicating the reliability of the sequencing platform. Present outcome provides a molecular insight regarding involvement of genes in self-life extension, which might help the sericulture industry to overcome their pre-existing problems related to landless farmers and larval feeding during monsoon.
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Castell C, Díaz-Santos E, Heredia-Martínez LG, López-Maury L, Ortega JM, Navarro JA, Roncel M, Hervás M. Iron Deficiency Promotes the Lack of Photosynthetic Cytochrome c550 and Affects the Binding of the Luminal Extrinsic Subunits to Photosystem II in the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012138. [PMID: 36292994 PMCID: PMC9603157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, iron limitation promotes a decrease in the content of photosystem II, as determined by measurements of oxygen-evolving activity, thermoluminescence, chlorophyll fluorescence analyses and protein quantification methods. Thermoluminescence experiments also indicate that iron limitation induces subtle changes in the energetics of the recombination reaction between reduced QB and the S2/S3 states of the water-splitting machinery. However, electron transfer from QA to QB, involving non-heme iron, seems not to be significantly inhibited. Moreover, iron deficiency promotes a severe decrease in the content of the extrinsic PsbV/cytochrome c550 subunit of photosystem II, which appears in eukaryotic algae from the red photosynthetic lineage (including diatoms) but is absent in green algae and plants. The decline in the content of cytochrome c550 under iron-limiting conditions is accompanied by a decrease in the binding of this protein to photosystem II, and also of the extrinsic PsbO subunit. We propose that the lack of cytochrome c550, induced by iron deficiency, specifically affects the binding of other extrinsic subunits of photosystem II, as previously described in cyanobacterial PsbV mutants.
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Imaizumi K, Ifuku K. Binding and functions of the two chloride ions in the oxygen-evolving center of photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 153:135-156. [PMID: 35698013 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven water oxidation in photosynthesis occurs at the oxygen-evolving center (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII). Chloride ions (Cl-) are essential for oxygen evolution by PSII, and two Cl- ions have been found to specifically bind near the Mn4CaO5 cluster in the OEC. The retention of these Cl- ions within the OEC is critically supported by some of the membrane-extrinsic subunits of PSII. The functions of these two Cl- ions and the mechanisms of their retention both remain to be fully elucidated. However, intensive studies performed recently have advanced our understanding of the functions of these Cl- ions, and PSII structures from various species have been reported, aiding the interpretation of previous findings regarding Cl- retention by extrinsic subunits. In this review, we summarize the findings to date on the roles of the two Cl- ions bound within the OEC. Additionally, together with a short summary of the functions of PSII membrane-extrinsic subunits, we discuss the mechanisms of Cl- retention by these extrinsic subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Imaizumi
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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12
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Gisriel CJ, Brudvig GW. Comparison of PsbQ and Psb27 in photosystem II provides insight into their roles. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:177-191. [PMID: 35001227 PMCID: PMC9271139 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes the oxidation of water at its active site that harbors a high-valent inorganic Mn4CaOx cluster called the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). Extrinsic subunits generally serve to protect the OEC from reductants and stabilize the structure, but diversity in the extrinsic subunits exists between phototrophs. Recent cryo-electron microscopy experiments have provided new molecular structures of PSII with varied extrinsic subunits. We focus on the extrinsic subunit PsbQ, that binds to the mature PSII complex, and on Psb27, an extrinsic subunit involved in PSII biogenesis. PsbQ and Psb27 share a similar binding site and have a four-helix bundle tertiary structure, suggesting they are related. Here, we use sequence alignments, structural analyses, and binding simulations to compare PsbQ and Psb27 from different organisms. We find no evidence that PsbQ and Psb27 are related despite their similar structures and binding sites. Evolutionary divergence within PsbQ homologs from different lineages is high, probably due to their interactions with other extrinsic subunits that themselves exhibit vast diversity between lineages. This may result in functional variation as exemplified by large differences in their calculated binding energies. Psb27 homologs generally exhibit less divergence, which may be due to stronger evolutionary selection for certain residues that maintain its function during PSII biogenesis and this is consistent with their more similar calculated binding energies between organisms. Previous experimental inconsistencies, low confidence binding simulations, and recent structural data suggest that Psb27 is likely to exhibit flexibility that may be an important characteristic of its activity. The analysis provides insight into the functions and evolution of PsbQ and Psb27, and an unusual example of proteins with similar tertiary structures and binding sites that probably serve different roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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13
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Shen JR. Structure, Function, and Variations of the Photosystem I-Antenna Supercomplex from Different Photosynthetic Organisms. Subcell Biochem 2022; 99:351-377. [PMID: 36151382 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-00793-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a protein complex functioning in light-induced charge separation, electron transfer, and reduction reactions of ferredoxin in photosynthesis, which finally results in the reduction of NAD(P)- to NAD(P)H required for the fixation of carbon dioxide. In eukaryotic algae, PSI is associated with light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) subunits, forming a PSI-LHCI supercomplex. LHCI harvests and transfers light energy to the PSI core, where charge separation and electron transfer reactions occur. During the course of evolution, the number and sequences of protein subunits and the pigments they bind in LHCI change dramatically depending on the species of organisms, which is a result of adaptation of organisms to various light environments. In this chapter, I will describe the structure of various PSI-LHCI supercomplexes from different organisms solved so far either by X-ray crystallography or by cryo-electron microscopy, with emphasis on the differences in the number, structures, and association patterns of LHCI subunits associated with the PSI core found in different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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14
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Shukshina AK, Terentyev VV. Involvement of Carbonic Anhydrase CAH3 in the Structural and Functional Stabilization of the Water-Oxidizing Complex of Photosystem II from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:867-877. [PMID: 34284710 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921070075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of carbonic anhydrases (CA) and CA activity in the functioning of photosystem II (PSII) has been studied for a long time and has been shown in many works. However, so far only for CAH3 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii there is evidence for its association with the donor side of PSII, where the CA activity of CAH3 can influence the functioning of the water-oxidizing complex (WOC). Our results suggest that CAH3 is also involved in the organization of the native structure of WOC independently of its CA activity. It was shown that in PSII preparations from wild type (WT) the high O2-evolving activity of WOC was observed up to 100 mM NaCl in the medium and practically did not decrease with increasing incubation time with NaCl. At the same time, the WOC function in PSII preparations from CAH3-deficient mutant cia3 is significantly inhibited already at NaCl concentrations above 35 mM, reaching 50% at 100 mM NaCl and increased incubation time. It is suggested that the absence of CAH3 in PSII from cia3 causes disruption of the native structure of WOC, allowing more pronounced conformational changes of its proteins and, consequently, suppression of the WOC active center function, when the ionic strength of the medium is increased. The results of Western blot analysis indicate a more difficult removal of PsbP protein from PSII of cia3 at higher NaCl concentrations, apparently due to the changes in the intermolecular interactions between proteins of WOC in the absence of CAH3. At the same time, the values of the maximum quantum yield of PSII did not practically differ between preparations from WT and cia3, indicating no effect of CAH3 on the photoinduced electron transfer in the reaction center of PSII. The obtained results indicate the involvement of the CAH3 protein in the native organization of the WOC and, as a consequence, in the stabilization of its functional state in PSII from C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Shukshina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Vasily V Terentyev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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15
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Structural insights into a dimeric Psb27-photosystem II complex from a cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus vulcanus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2018053118. [PMID: 33495333 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018053118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a multisubunit pigment-protein complex and catalyzes light-driven water oxidation, leading to the conversion of light energy into chemical energy and the release of molecular oxygen. Psb27 is a small thylakoid lumen-localized protein known to serve as an assembly factor for the biogenesis and repair of the PSII complex. The exact location and binding fashion of Psb27 in the intermediate PSII remain elusive. Here, we report the structure of a dimeric Psb27-PSII complex purified from a psbV deletion mutant (ΔPsbV) of the cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus vulcanus, solved by cryo-electron microscopy. Our structure showed that Psb27 is associated with CP43 at the luminal side, with specific interactions formed between Helix 2 and Helix 3 of Psb27 and a loop region between Helix 3 and Helix 4 of CP43 (loop C) as well as the large, lumen-exposed and hydrophilic E-loop of CP43. The binding of Psb27 imposes some conflicts with the N-terminal region of PsbO and also induces some conformational changes in CP43, CP47, and D2. This makes PsbO unable to bind in the Psb27-PSII. Conformational changes also occurred in D1, PsbE, PsbF, and PsbZ; this, together with the conformational changes occurred in CP43, CP47, and D2, may prevent the binding of PsbU and induce dissociation of PsbJ. This structural information provides important insights into the regulation mechanism of Psb27 in the biogenesis and repair of PSII.
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16
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Xiao Y, Zhu Q, Yang Y, Wang W, Kuang T, Shen JR, Han G. Role of PsbV-Tyr137 in photosystem II studied by site-directed mutagenesis in the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus vulcanus. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:41-54. [PMID: 32342261 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
PsbV (cytochrome c550) is one of the three extrinsic proteins of photosystem II (PSII) and functions to maintain the stability and activity of the Mn4CaO5 cluster, the catalytic center for water oxidation. PsbV-Y137 is the C-terminal residue of PsbV and is located at the exit of a hydrogen-bond network mediated by the D1-Y161-H190 residue pair. In order to examine the function of PsbV-Y137, four mutants, PsbV-Y137A, PsbV-Y137F, PsbV-Y137G, and PsbV-Y137W, were generated with Thermosynechococcus vulcanus (T. vulcanus). These mutants showed growth rates similar to that of the wild-type strain (WT); however, their oxygen-evolving activities were different. At pH 6.5, the oxygen evolution rates of Y137F and Y137W were almost identical to that of WT, whereas the oxygen evolution rates of the Y137A, Y137G mutants were 64% and 61% of WT, respectively. However, the oxygen evolution in the latter two mutants decreased less at higher pHs, suggesting that higher pHs facilitated oxygen evolution probably by facilitating proton egress in these two mutants. Furthermore, thylakoid membranes isolated from the PsbV-Y137A, PsbV-Y137G mutants exhibited much lower levels of oxygen-evolving activity than that of WT, which was found to be caused by the release of PsbV. In addition, PSII complexes purified from the PsbV-Y137A and PsbV-Y137G mutants lost all of the three extrinsic proteins but instead bind Psb27, an assembly cofactor of PSII. These results demonstrate that the PsbV-Tyr137 residue is required for the stable binding of PsbV to PSII, and the hydrogen-bond network mediated by D1-Y161-H190 is likely to function in proton egress during water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xiao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingjun Zhu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Rd., Beijing, 100101, China.
- Research Institute of Interdisciplinary Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima Naka 3-1-1, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
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17
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Chang L, Tian L, Ma F, Mao Z, Liu X, Han G, Wang W, Yang Y, Kuang T, Pan J, Shen JR. Regulation of photosystem I-light-harvesting complex I from a red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae in response to light intensities. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:287-297. [PMID: 32766997 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms use different means to regulate their photosynthetic activity in respond to different light conditions under which they grow. In this study, we analyzed changes in the photosystem I (PSI) light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) supercomplex from a red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, upon growing under three different light intensities, low light (LL), medium light (ML), and high light (HL). The results showed that the red algal PSI-LHCI is separated into two bands on blue-native PAGE, which are designated PSI-LHCI-A and PSI-LHCI-B, respectively, from cells grown under LL and ML. The former has a higher molecular weight and binds more Lhcr subunits than the latter. They are considered to correspond to the two types of PSI-LHCI identified by cryo-electron microscopic analysis recently, namely, the former with five Lhcrs and the latter with three Lhcrs. The amount of PSI-LHCI-A is higher in the LL-grown cells than that in the ML-grown cells. In the HL-grown cells, PSI-LHCI-A completely disappeared and only PSI-LHCI-B was observed. Furthermore, PSI core complexes without Lhcr attached also appeared in the HL cells. Fluorescence decay kinetics measurement showed that Lhcrs are functionally connected with the PSI core in both PSI-LHCI-A and PSI-LHCI-B obtained from LL and ML cells; however, Lhcrs in the PSI-LHCI-B fraction from the HL cells are not coupled with the PSI core. These results indicate that the red algal PSI not only regulates its antenna size but also adjusts the functional connection of Lhcrs with the PSI core in response to different light intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Chang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No, 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lirong Tian
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No, 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No, 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhiyuan Mao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No, 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaochi Liu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No, 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No, 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No, 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No, 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No, 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No, 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No, 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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18
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Zhu Q, Yang Y, Xiao Y, Wang W, Kuang T, Shen JR, Han G. Function of PsbO-Asp158 in photosystem II: effects of mutation of this residue on the binding of PsbO and function of PSII in Thermosynechococcus vulcanus. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:29-40. [PMID: 32016668 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PsbO-D158 is a highly conserved residue of the PsbO protein in photosystem II (PSII), and participates in one of the hydrogen-bonding networks connecting the manganese cluster with the lumenal surface. In order to examine the role of PsbO-D158, we mutated it to E, N or K in Thermosynechococcus vulcanus and characterized photosynthetic properties of the mutants obtained. The growth rates of these three mutants were similar to that of the wild type, whereas the oxygen-evolving activity of the three mutant cells decreased to 60-64% of the wild type. Fluorescence kinetics showed that the mutations did not affect the electron transfer from QA to QB, but slightly affected the donor side of PSII. Moreover, all of the three mutant cells were more sensitive to high light and became slower to recover from photoinhibition. In the isolated thylakoid membranes from the three mutants, the PsbU subunit was lost and the oxygen-evolving activity was reduced to a lower level compared to that in the respective cells. PSII complexes isolated from these mutants showed no oxygen-evolving activity, which was found to be due to large or complete loss of PsbO, PsbV and PsbU during the process of purification. Moreover, PSII cores purified from the three mutants contained Psb27, an assembly co-factor of PSII. These results suggest that PsbO-D158 is required for the proper binding of the three extrinsic proteins to PSII and plays an important role in maintaining the optimal oxygen-evolving activity, and its mutation caused incomplete assembly of the PSII complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Zhu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yanan Xiao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima Naka 3-1-1, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
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19
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Taguchi S, Shen L, Han G, Umena Y, Shen JR, Noguchi T, Mino H. Formation of the High-Spin S 2 State Related to the Extrinsic Proteins in the Oxygen Evolving Complex of Photosystem II. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8908-8913. [PMID: 32990440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The high-spin S2 state was investigated with photosystem II (PSII) from spinach, Thermosynechococcus vulcanus, and Cyanidioschyzon merolae. In extrinsic protein-depleted PSII, high-spin electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals were not detected in either species, whereas all species showed g ∼ 5 signals in the presence of a high concentration of Ca2+ instead of the multiline signal. In the intact and PsbP/Q-depleted PSII from spinach, the g = 4.1 EPR signal was detected. These results show that formation of the high-spin S2 state of the manganese cluster is regulated by the extrinsic proteins through a charge located near the Mn4 atom in the Mn4CaO5 cluster but is independent of the intrinsic proteins. The shift to the g ∼ 5 state is caused by tilting of the z-axis in the Mn4 coordinates through hydrogen bonds or external divalent cations. The structural modification may allow insertion of an oxygen atom during the S2-to-S3 transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Taguchi
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8602 Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Liangliang Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yasufumi Umena
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8602 Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mino
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8602 Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Ishikawa N, Yokoe Y, Nishimura T, Nakano T, Ifuku K. PsbQ-Like Protein 3 Functions as an Assembly Factor for the Chloroplast NADH Dehydrogenase-Like Complex in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1252-1261. [PMID: 32333781 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Angiosperms have three PsbQ-like (PQL) proteins in addition to the PsbQ subunit of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II. Previous studies have shown that two PQL proteins, PnsL2 and PnsL3, are subunits of the chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex involved in the photosystem I (PSI) cyclic electron flow. In addition, another PsbQ homolog, PQL3, is required for the NDH activity; however, the molecular function of PQL3 has not been elucidated. Here, we show that PQL3 is an assembly factor, particularly for the accumulation of subcomplex B (SubB) of the chloroplast NDH. In the pql3 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, the amounts of NDH subunits in SubB, PnsB1 and PsnB4, were decreased, causing a severe reduction in the NDH-PSI supercomplex. Analysis using blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggested that the incorporation of PnsL3 into SubB was affected in the pql3 mutant. Unlike other PsbQ homologs, PQL3 was weakly associated with thylakoid membranes and was only partially protected from thermolysin digestion. Consistent with the function as an assembly factor, PQL3 accumulated independently in other NDH mutants, such as pnsl1-3. Furthermore, PQL3 accumulated in young leaves in a manner similar to the accumulation of CRR3, an assembly factor for SubB. These results suggest that PQL3 has developed a distinct function as an assembly factor for the NDH complex during evolution of the PsbQ protein family in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Ishikawa
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Yokoe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Taishi Nishimura
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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21
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Che Y, Kusama S, Matsui S, Suorsa M, Nakano T, Aro EM, Ifuku K. Arabidopsis PsbP-Like Protein 1 Facilitates the Assembly of the Photosystem II Supercomplexes and Optimizes Plant Fitness under Fluctuating Light. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1168-1180. [PMID: 32277833 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In green plants, photosystem II (PSII) forms multisubunit supercomplexes (SCs) containing a dimeric core and light-harvesting complexes (LHCs). In this study, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana PsbP-like protein 1 (PPL1) is involved in the assembly of the PSII SCs and is required for adaptation to changing light intensity. PPL1 is a homolog of PsbP protein that optimizes the water-oxidizing reaction of PSII in green plants and is required for the efficient repair of photodamaged PSII; however, its exact function has been unknown. PPL1 was enriched in stroma lamellae and grana margins and associated with PSII subcomplexes including PSII monomers and PSII dimers, and several LHCII assemblies, while PPL1 was not detected in PSII-LHCII SCs. In a PPL1 null mutant (ppl1-2), assembly of CP43, PsbR and PsbW was affected, resulting in a reduced accumulation of PSII SCs even under moderate light intensity. This caused the abnormal association of LHCII in ppl1-2, as indicated by lower maximal quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and accelerated State 1 to State 2 transitions. These differences would lower the capability of plants to adapt to changing light environments, thereby leading to reduced growth under natural fluctuating light environments. Phylogenetic and structural analyses suggest that PPL1 is closely related to its cyanobacterial homolog CyanoP, which functions as an assembly factor in the early stage of PSII biogenesis. Our results suggest that PPL1 has a similar function, but the data also indicate that it could aid the association of LHCII with PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Che
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shoko Kusama
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shintaro Matsui
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Marjaana Suorsa
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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22
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Terentyev VV, Shukshina AK, Ashikhmin AA, Tikhonov KG, Shitov AV. The Main Structural and Functional Characteristics of Photosystem-II-Enriched Membranes Isolated from Wild Type and cia3 Mutant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10050063. [PMID: 32423065 PMCID: PMC7281441 DOI: 10.3390/life10050063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII)-enriched membranes retain the original PSII architecture in contrast to PSII cores or PSII supercomplexes, which are usually isolated from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Here, we present data that fully characterize the structural and functional properties of PSII complexes in isolated PSII-enriched membranes from C. reinhardtii. The preparations were isolated from wild-type (WT) and CAH3-deficient mutant cia3 as the influence of CAH3 on the PSII function was previously proposed. Based on the equal chlorophyll content, the PSII-enriched membranes from WT and cia3 have the same amount of reaction centers (RCs), cytochrome b559, subunits of the water-oxidizing complex, Mn ions, and carotenes. They differ in the ratio of other carotenoids, the parts of low/intermediate redox forms of cytochrome b559, and the composition of outer light-harvesting complexes. The preparations had 40% more chlorophyll molecules per RC compared to higher plants. Functionally, PSII-enriched membranes from WT and cia3 show the same photosynthetic activity at optimal pH 6.5. However, the preparations from cia3 contained more closed RCs even at pH 6.5 and showed more pronounced suppression of PSII photosynthetic activity at shift pH up to 7.0, established in the lumen of dark-adapted cells. Nevertheless, the PSII photosynthetic capacities remained the same.
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Pi X, Zhao S, Wang W, Liu D, Xu C, Han G, Kuang T, Sui SF, Shen JR. The pigment-protein network of a diatom photosystem II-light-harvesting antenna supercomplex. Science 2020; 365:365/6452/eaax4406. [PMID: 31371578 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax4406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms play important roles in global primary productivity and biogeochemical cycling of carbon, in part owing to the ability of their photosynthetic apparatus to adapt to rapidly changing light intensity. We report a cryo-electron microscopy structure of the photosystem II (PSII)-fucoxanthin (Fx) chlorophyll (Chl) a/c binding protein (FCPII) supercomplex from the centric diatom Chaetoceros gracilis The supercomplex comprises two protomers, each with two tetrameric and three monomeric FCPIIs around a PSII core that contains five extrinsic oxygen-evolving proteins at the lumenal surface. The structure reveals the arrangement of a huge pigment network that contributes to efficient light energy harvesting, transfer, and dissipation processes in the diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Songhao Zhao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Desheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Caizhe Xu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Sen-Fang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China. .,Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Unsupervised classification of PSII with and without water-oxidizing complex samples by PARAFAC resolution of excitation-emission fluorescence images. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 195:58-66. [PMID: 31100638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The potential of excitation-emission fluorescence spectroscopy combined with three-way analysis was investigated for discriminating the photosystem II (PSII) (with the water-oxidizing complex) and without the water-oxidizing complex (wPSII) using unsupervised classification methods. The water-oxidizing complex within PSII carry out the reaction of water splitting which is as a vital process on the earth. Therefore, discriminating the presence of the water-oxidizing complex in protein samples is crucial. Low cost and accurate spectroscopic determination of the amount of clusters inside PSII or any other protein containing species are important when investigating the inclusion and exclusion of such clusters into and from species. Fluorescence data of samples were similar, and we showed the potential usefulness of multivariate methods, such as parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and principal component analysis (PCA) for recognition of the two types of samples. Both techniques were applied to the excitation-emission fluorescence matrices (EEM) of solutions at two of different pH values (2.0 and 12.0). Three fluorescent components were found for all samples that are related to tyrosine (Tyr), tryptophan (Trp) and phenylalanine (Phe) amino acids. These three amino acids are representative of all datasets and indicate their similarities and differences. We then found the effectual wavelengths for separation of samples in a specific acidity, including the excitation wavelengths of 220 and 230 nm and the emission wavelengths of 300 and 305 nm. The acidity of the solutions has various influences on the conformation of proteins. In PSII and PSII the without water-oxidizing complex samples conformational changes can change their spectra which was applied for discrimination purpose. This separation was better in pH = 12.0. We also showed the effect of time on small conformational changes within datasets were higher in pH = 2.0. In the end, for indicating the high distribution of spectral data from proteins which is the result of conformational changes, we compared the distribution of measured spectral data with that from a simple organic molecule, fluorescein. Altogether, we could distinguish between the two groups of protein samples properly at pH = 12.0 using low-cost EEM spectral images and PARAFAC.
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25
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Carius AB, Rogne P, Duchoslav M, Wolf-Watz M, Samuelsson G, Shutova T. Dynamic pH-induced conformational changes of the PsbO protein in the fluctuating acidity of the thylakoid lumen. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:288-299. [PMID: 30793329 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The PsbO protein is an essential extrinsic subunit of photosystem II, the pigment-protein complex responsible for light-driven water splitting. Water oxidation in photosystem II supplies electrons to the photosynthetic electron transfer chain and is accompanied by proton release and oxygen evolution. While the electron transfer steps in this process are well defined and characterized, the driving forces acting on the liberated protons, their dynamics and their destiny are all largely unknown. It was suggested that PsbO undergoes proton-induced conformational changes and forms hydrogen bond networks that ensure prompt proton removal from the catalytic site of water oxidation, i.e. the Mn4 CaO5 cluster. This work reports the purification and characterization of heterologously expressed PsbO from green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and two isoforms from the higher plant Solanum tuberosum (PsbO1 and PsbO2). A comparison to the spinach PsbO reveals striking similarities in intrinsic protein fluorescence and CD spectra, reflecting the near-identical secondary structure of the proteins from algae and higher plants. Titration experiments using the hydrophobic fluorescence probe ANS revealed that eukaryotic PsbO proteins exhibit acid-base hysteresis. This hysteresis is a dynamic effect accompanied by changes in the accessibility of the protein's hydrophobic core and is not due to reversible oligomerization or unfolding of the PsbO protein. These results confirm the hypothesis that pH-dependent dynamic behavior at physiological pH ranges is a common feature of PsbO proteins and causes reversible opening and closing of their β-barrel domain in response to the fluctuating acidity of the thylakoid lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke B Carius
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-907 36, Sweden
| | - Per Rogne
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Miloš Duchoslav
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Magnus Wolf-Watz
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Göran Samuelsson
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-907 36, Sweden
| | - Tatyana Shutova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-907 36, Sweden
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Kawakami K, Shen JR. Purification of fully active and crystallizable photosystem II from thermophilic cyanobacteria. Methods Enzymol 2018; 613:1-16. [PMID: 30509462 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a membrane protein complex which functions to catalyze light-induced water oxidation in oxygenic photosynthesis. Through the water-splitting reaction of PSII, light energy is converted into biologically useful chemical energy, and molecular oxygen is formed which transformed the atmosphere into an aerobic one and sustained aerobic life on the Earth. The PSII core complex from cyanobacteria consists of 17 transmembrane subunits and 3 extrinsic subunits with a total molecular mass of approximately 350kDa per monomer, and PSII exists predominately in a dimeric form in vivo. This chapter describes the purification procedures leading to highly pure, homogenous, and highly active PSII core dimers from a thermophilic cyanobacterium, Thermosynechococcus vulcanus (T. vulcanus), that are used for successful crystallization and diffraction at atomic resolution. The purity and homogeneity of the PSII dimers thus obtained are characterized by absorption spectra, low-temperature fluorescence spectra, SDS-PAGE, clear native PAGE, blue native PAGE, gel filtration chromatography, and oxygen-evolving activity measurements. Finally, high-quality crystals obtained from the purified PSII dimers are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kawakami
- The OCU Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science & Technology (OCARINA), Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
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27
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Photosystem II Extrinsic Proteins and Their Putative Role in Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Higher Plants. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7040100. [PMID: 30441780 PMCID: PMC6313935 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress remains one of the major challenges in managing and preventing crop loss. Photosystem II (PSII), being the most susceptible component of the photosynthetic machinery, has been studied in great detail over many years. However, much of the emphasis has been placed on intrinsic proteins, particularly with respect to their involvement in the repair of PSII-associated damage. PSII extrinsic proteins include PsbO, PsbP, PsbQ, and PsbR in higher plants, and these are required for oxygen evolution under physiological conditions. Changes in extrinsic protein expression have been reported to either drastically change PSII efficiency or change the PSII repair system. This review discusses the functional role of these proteins in plants and indicates potential areas of further study concerning these proteins.
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Trotta A, Barera S, Marsano F, Osella D, Musso D, Pagliano C, Andreucci F, Barbato R. Isolation and characterization of a photosystem II preparation from thylakoid membranes of the extreme halophyte Salicornia veneta Pignatti et Lausi. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 132:356-362. [PMID: 30261469 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Salicornia veneta (Pignatti et Lausi) is an extreme halophyte living in salt marsh where NaCl concentration may be as high as 1 M. Here we report on the isolation and characterization of a PSII preparation obtained by Triton X-100 solubilisation of the thylakoid membrane. By a combination of gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting and mass spectrometry, the depletion of a number of PSII proteins such as PsbQ, PsbM and PsbT was highlighted. Moreover, the requirement of Cl- and Ca2+ for optimal oxygen evolution was determined, showing that in absence of PsbQ a higher level of these ions are required. At high Cl- concentrations, oxygen evolution was inhibited in the same way in Salicornia veneta and spinach. Reconstitution of Salicornia veneta PSII preparation with partially purified spinach PsbP and PsbQ restored oxygen evolution activity at low Cl- and Ca2+ concentrations. Adaptation to high salt makes several PSII proteins dispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Trotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy; Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Simone Barera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Francesco Marsano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Davide Musso
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Cristina Pagliano
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Viale Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Flora Andreucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Roberto Barbato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy.
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Partensky F, Mella-Flores D, Six C, Garczarek L, Czjzek M, Marie D, Kotabová E, Felcmanová K, Prášil O. Comparison of photosynthetic performances of marine picocyanobacteria with different configurations of the oxygen-evolving complex. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 138:57-71. [PMID: 29938315 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The extrinsic PsbU and PsbV proteins are known to play a critical role in stabilizing the Mn4CaO5 cluster of the PSII oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). However, most isolates of the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus naturally miss these proteins, even though they have kept the main OEC protein, PsbO. A structural homology model of the PSII of such a natural deletion mutant strain (P. marinus MED4) did not reveal any obvious compensation mechanism for this lack. To assess the physiological consequences of this unusual OEC, we compared oxygen evolution between Prochlorococcus strains missing psbU and psbV (PCC 9511 and SS120) and two marine strains possessing these genes (Prochlorococcus sp. MIT9313 and Synechococcus sp. WH7803). While the low light-adapted strain SS120 exhibited the lowest maximal O2 evolution rates (Pmax per divinyl-chlorophyll a, per cell or per photosystem II) of all four strains, the high light-adapted strain PCC 9511 displayed even higher PChlmax and PPSIImax at high irradiance than Synechococcus sp. WH7803. Furthermore, thermoluminescence glow curves did not show any alteration in the B-band shape or peak position that could be related to the lack of these extrinsic proteins. This suggests an efficient functional adaptation of the OEC in these natural deletion mutants, in which PsbO alone is seemingly sufficient to ensure proper oxygen evolution. Our study also showed that Prochlorococcus strains exhibit negative net O2 evolution rates at the low irradiances encountered in minimum oxygen zones, possibly explaining the very low O2 concentrations measured in these environments, where Prochlorococcus is the dominant oxyphototroph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Partensky
- Sorbonne Université, Station Biologique, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff cedex, France.
- CNRS UMR 7144, Station Biologique, CS 90074, 29680, Roscoff, France.
| | - Daniella Mella-Flores
- Sorbonne Université, Station Biologique, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff cedex, France
- CNRS UMR 7144, Station Biologique, CS 90074, 29680, Roscoff, France
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christophe Six
- Sorbonne Université, Station Biologique, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff cedex, France
- CNRS UMR 7144, Station Biologique, CS 90074, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Laurence Garczarek
- Sorbonne Université, Station Biologique, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff cedex, France
- CNRS UMR 7144, Station Biologique, CS 90074, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- Sorbonne Université, Station Biologique, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff cedex, France
- CNRS UMR 8227, Marine Glycobiology Group, Station Biologique, CS 90074, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Dominique Marie
- Sorbonne Université, Station Biologique, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff cedex, France
- CNRS UMR 7144, Station Biologique, CS 90074, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Eva Kotabová
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Institute of Microbiology, MBU AVČR, Opatovický mlýn, 37981, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Felcmanová
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Institute of Microbiology, MBU AVČR, Opatovický mlýn, 37981, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Prášil
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Institute of Microbiology, MBU AVČR, Opatovický mlýn, 37981, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Nan F, Feng J, Lv J, Liu Q, Xie S. Transcriptome analysis of the typical freshwater rhodophytes Sheathia arcuata grown under different light intensities. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197729. [PMID: 29813098 PMCID: PMC5973588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rhodophyta Sheathia arcuata is exclusively distributed in freshwater, constituting an important component in freshwater flora. This study presents the first transcriptome profiling of freshwater Rhodophyta taxa. A total of 161,483 assembled transcripts were identified, annotated and classified into different biological categories and pathways based on BLAST against diverse databases. Different gene expression patterns were caused principally by different irradiances considering the similar water conditions of the sampling site when the specimens were collected. Comparison results of gene expression levels under different irradiances revealed that photosynthesis-related pathways significantly up-regulated under the weak light. Molecular responses for improved photosynthetic activity include the transcripts corresponding to antenna proteins (LHCA1 and LHCA4), photosynthetic apparatus proteins (PSBU, PETB, PETC, PETH and beta and gamma subunits of ATPase) and metabolic enzymes in the carbon fixation. Along with photosynthesis, other metabolic activities were also regulated to optimize the growing and development of S. arcuata under appropriate sunlight. Protein-protein interactive networks revealed the most responsive up-expressed transcripts were ribosomal proteins. The de-novo transcriptome assembly of S. arcuata provides a foundation for further investigation on the molecular mechanism of photosynthesis and environmental adaption for freshwater Rhodophyta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangru Nan
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jia Feng
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junping Lv
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shulian Xie
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- * E-mail:
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A D Neilson J, Rangsrikitphoti P, Durnford DG. Evolution and regulation of Bigelowiella natans light-harvesting antenna system. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 217:68-76. [PMID: 28619535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bigelowiella natans is a mixotrophic flagellate and member of the chlorarachniophytes (Rhizaria), whose plastid is derived from a green algal endosymbiont. With the completion of the B. natans nuclear genome we are able to begin the analysis of the structure, function and evolution of the photosynthetic apparatus. B. natans has undergone substantial changes in photosystem structure during the evolution of the plastid from a green alga. While Photosystem II (PSII) composition is well conserved, Photosystem I (PSI) composition has undergone a dramatic reduction in accessory protein subunits. Coinciding with these changes, there was a loss of green algal LHCI orthologs while the PSII-like antenna system has the expected green algal-like proteins (encoded by genes Lhcbm1-8, Lhcb4). There are also a collection of LHCX-like proteins, which are commonly associated with stramenopiles and other eukaryotes with red-algal derived plastids, along with two other unique classes of LHCs- LHCY and LHCZ- whose function remains cryptic. To understand the regulation of the LHC gene family as an initial probe of function, we conducted an RNA-seq experiment under a short-term, high-light (HL) and low-light stress. The most abundant LHCII transcript (Lhcbm6) plus two other LHCBM types (Lhcbm1, 2) were down regulated under HL and up-regulated following a shift to very-low light (VL), as is common in antenna specializing in light harvesting. Many of the other LHCII and LHCY genes had a small, but significant increase in HL and most were only moderately affected under VL. The LHCX and LHCZ genes, however, had a strong up-regulation under HL-stress and most declined under VL, suggesting that they primarily have a role in photoprotection. This contrasts to the LHCY family that is only moderately responsive to light and a much higher basal level of expression, despite being within the LHCSR/LHCX clade. The expression of LHCX/Z proteins under HL-stress may be related to the induction of long-term, non-photochemical quenching mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A D Neilson
- University of New Brunswick, Department of Biology, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | | | - Dion G Durnford
- University of New Brunswick, Department of Biology, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada.
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32
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Nagao R, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Shen JR, Tomo T. Functional role of Lys residues of Psb31 in electrostatic interactions with diatom photosystem II. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3259-3264. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science; Wako Saitama Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science; Wako Saitama Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tomo
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Tokyo University of Science; Shinjuku-ku Tokyo Japan
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33
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Nagao R, Suzuki T, Okumura A, Kihira T, Toda A, Dohmae N, Nakazato K, Tomo T. Electrostatic interaction of positive charges on the surface of Psb31 with photosystem II in the diatom Chaetoceros gracilis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:779-785. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bernal-Bayard P, Puerto-Galán L, Yruela I, García-Rubio I, Castell C, Ortega JM, Alonso PJ, Roncel M, Martínez JI, Hervás M, Navarro JA. The photosynthetic cytochrome c 550 from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 133:273-287. [PMID: 28032235 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic cytochrome c 550 from the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum has been purified and characterized. Cytochrome c 550 is mostly obtained from the soluble cell extract in relatively large amounts. In addition, the protein appeared to be truncated in the last hydrophobic residues of the C-terminus, both in the soluble cytochrome c 550 and in the protein extracted from the membrane fraction, as deduced by mass spectrometry analysis and the comparison with the gene sequence. Interestingly, it has been described that the C-terminus of cytochrome c 550 forms a hydrophobic finger involved in the interaction with photosystem II in cyanobacteria. Cytochrome c 550 was almost absent in solubilized photosystem II complex samples, in contrast with the PsbO and Psb31 extrinsic subunits, thus suggesting a lower affinity of cytochrome c 550 for the photosystem II complex. Under iron-limiting conditions the amount of cytochrome c 550 decreases up to about 45% as compared to iron-replete cells, pointing to an iron-regulated synthesis. Oxidized cytochrome c 550 has been characterized using continuous wave EPR and pulse techniques, including HYSCORE, and the obtained results have been interpreted in terms of the electrostatic charge distribution in the surroundings of the heme centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Bernal-Bayard
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Universidad de Sevilla & CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Leonor Puerto-Galán
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Universidad de Sevilla & CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Inés García-Rubio
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Castell
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Universidad de Sevilla & CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M Ortega
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Universidad de Sevilla & CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pablo J Alonso
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza & CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mercedes Roncel
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Universidad de Sevilla & CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús I Martínez
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza & CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Hervás
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Universidad de Sevilla & CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A Navarro
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Universidad de Sevilla & CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
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Gimpel JA, Nour-Eldin HH, Scranton MA, Li D, Mayfield SP. Refactoring the Six-Gene Photosystem II Core in the Chloroplast of the Green Algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ACS Synth Biol 2016. [PMID: 26214707 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis provides the energy to produce all food and most of the fuel on this planet. Photosystem II (PSII) is an essential and rate-limiting component of this process. Understanding and modifying PSII function could provide an opportunity for optimizing photosynthetic biomass production, particularly under specific environmental conditions. PSII is a complex multisubunit enzyme with strong interdependence among its components. In this work, we have deleted the six core genes of PSII in the eukaryotic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and refactored them in a single DNA construct. Complementation of the knockout strain with the core PSII synthetic module from three different green algae resulted in reconstitution of photosynthetic activity to 85, 55, and 53% of that of the wild-type, demonstrating that the PSII core can be exchanged between algae species and retain function. The strains, synthetic cassettes, and refactoring strategy developed for this study demonstrate the potential of synthetic biology approaches for tailoring oxygenic photosynthesis and provide a powerful tool for unraveling PSII structure-function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Gimpel
- California Center for Algae
Biotechnology Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0368, United States
| | - Hussam H. Nour-Eldin
- California Center for Algae
Biotechnology Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0368, United States
| | - Melissa A. Scranton
- California Center for Algae
Biotechnology Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0368, United States
| | - Daphne Li
- California Center for Algae
Biotechnology Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0368, United States
| | - Stephen P. Mayfield
- California Center for Algae
Biotechnology Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0368, United States
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Serrano I, Audran C, Rivas S. Chloroplasts at work during plant innate immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3845-54. [PMID: 26994477 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The major role played by chloroplasts during light harvesting, energy production, redox homeostasis, and retrograde signalling processes has been extensively characterized. Beyond the obvious link between chloroplast functions in primary metabolism and as providers of photosynthesis-derived carbon sources and energy, a growing body of evidence supports a central role for chloroplasts as integrators of environmental signals and, more particularly, as key defence organelles. Here, we review the importance of these organelles as primary sites for the biosynthesis and transmission of pro-defence signals during plant immune responses. In addition, we highlight interorganellar communication as a crucial process for amplification of the immune response. Finally, molecular strategies used by microbes to manipulate, directly or indirectly, the production/function of defence-related signalling molecules and subvert chloroplast-based defences are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Serrano
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Corinne Audran
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Susana Rivas
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Ifuku K, Noguchi T. Structural Coupling of Extrinsic Proteins with the Oxygen-Evolving Center in Photosystem II. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:84. [PMID: 26904056 PMCID: PMC4743485 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII), which catalyzes photosynthetic water oxidation, is composed of more than 20 subunits, including membrane-intrinsic and -extrinsic proteins. The PSII extrinsic proteins shield the catalytic Mn4CaO5 cluster from the outside bulk solution and enhance binding of inorganic cofactors, such as Ca(2+) and Cl(-), in the oxygen-evolving center (OEC) of PSII. Among PSII extrinsic proteins, PsbO is commonly found in all oxygenic organisms, while PsbP and PsbQ are specific to higher plants and green algae, and PsbU, PsbV, CyanoQ, and CyanoP exist in cyanobacteria. In addition, red algae and diatoms have unique PSII extrinsic proteins, such as PsbQ' and Psb31, suggesting functional divergence during evolution. Recent studies with reconstitution experiments combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy have revealed how the individual PSII extrinsic proteins affect the structure and function of the OEC in different organisms. In this review, we summarize our recent results and discuss changes that have occurred in the structural coupling of extrinsic proteins with the OEC during evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ifuku
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya UniversityAichi, Japan
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Suorsa M, Rossi F, Tadini L, Labs M, Colombo M, Jahns P, Kater MM, Leister D, Finazzi G, Aro EM, Barbato R, Pesaresi P. PGR5-PGRL1-Dependent Cyclic Electron Transport Modulates Linear Electron Transport Rate in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:271-288. [PMID: 26687812 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants need tight regulation of photosynthetic electron transport for survival and growth under environmental and metabolic conditions. For this purpose, the linear electron transport (LET) pathway is supplemented by a number of alternative electron transfer pathways and valves. In Arabidopsis, cyclic electron transport (CET) around photosystem I (PSI), which recycles electrons from ferrodoxin to plastoquinone, is the most investigated alternative route. However, the interdependence of LET and CET and the relative importance of CET remain unclear, largely due to the difficulties in precise assessment of the contribution of CET in the presence of LET, which dominates electron flow under physiological conditions. We therefore generated Arabidopsis mutants with a minimal water-splitting activity, and thus a low rate of LET, by combining knockout mutations in PsbO1, PsbP2, PsbQ1, PsbQ2, and PsbR loci. The resulting Δ5 mutant is viable, although mature leaves contain only ∼ 20% of wild-type naturally less abundant PsbO2 protein. Δ5 plants compensate for the reduction in LET by increasing the rate of CET, and inducing a strong non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) response during dark-to-light transitions. To identify the molecular origin of such a high-capacity CET, we constructed three sextuple mutants lacking the qE component of NPQ (Δ5 npq4-1), NDH-mediated CET (Δ5 crr4-3), or PGR5-PGRL1-mediated CET (Δ5 pgr5). Their analysis revealed that PGR5-PGRL1-mediated CET plays a major role in ΔpH formation and induction of NPQ in C3 plants. Moreover, while pgr5 dies at the seedling stage under fluctuating light conditions, Δ5 pgr5 plants are able to survive, which underlines the importance of PGR5 in modulating the intersystem electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjaana Suorsa
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Fabio Rossi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Tadini
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mathias Labs
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Monica Colombo
- Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Peter Jahns
- Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin M Kater
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Roberto Barbato
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Paolo Pesaresi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Najafpour MM, Renger G, Hołyńska M, Moghaddam AN, Aro EM, Carpentier R, Nishihara H, Eaton-Rye JJ, Shen JR, Allakhverdiev SI. Manganese Compounds as Water-Oxidizing Catalysts: From the Natural Water-Oxidizing Complex to Nanosized Manganese Oxide Structures. Chem Rev 2016; 116:2886-936. [PMID: 26812090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
All cyanobacteria, algae, and plants use a similar water-oxidizing catalyst for water oxidation. This catalyst is housed in Photosystem II, a membrane-protein complex that functions as a light-driven water oxidase in oxygenic photosynthesis. Water oxidation is also an important reaction in artificial photosynthesis because it has the potential to provide cheap electrons from water for hydrogen production or for the reduction of carbon dioxide on an industrial scale. The water-oxidizing complex of Photosystem II is a Mn-Ca cluster that oxidizes water with a low overpotential and high turnover frequency number of up to 25-90 molecules of O2 released per second. In this Review, we discuss the atomic structure of the Mn-Ca cluster of the Photosystem II water-oxidizing complex from the viewpoint that the underlying mechanism can be informative when designing artificial water-oxidizing catalysts. This is followed by consideration of functional Mn-based model complexes for water oxidation and the issue of Mn complexes decomposing to Mn oxide. We then provide a detailed assessment of the chemistry of Mn oxides by considering how their bulk and nanoscale properties contribute to their effectiveness as water-oxidizing catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gernot Renger
- Institute of Chemistry, Max-Volmer-Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Technical University Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Hołyńska
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku , 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Robert Carpentier
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (GRBV), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières , C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Julian J Eaton-Rye
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530, Japan.,Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093, China
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Controlled Photobiosynthesis Laboratory, Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia.,Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences , Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.,Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Ago H, Adachi H, Umena Y, Tashiro T, Kawakami K, Kamiya N, Tian L, Han G, Kuang T, Liu Z, Wang F, Zou H, Enami I, Miyano M, Shen JR. Novel Features of Eukaryotic Photosystem II Revealed by Its Crystal Structure Analysis from a Red Alga. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5676-5687. [PMID: 26757821 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.711689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes light-induced water splitting, leading to the evolution of molecular oxygen indispensible for life on the earth. The crystal structure of PSII from cyanobacteria has been solved at an atomic level, but the structure of eukaryotic PSII has not been analyzed. Because eukaryotic PSII possesses additional subunits not found in cyanobacterial PSII, it is important to solve the structure of eukaryotic PSII to elucidate their detailed functions, as well as evolutionary relationships. Here we report the structure of PSII from a red alga Cyanidium caldarium at 2.76 Å resolution, which revealed the structure and interaction sites of PsbQ', a unique, fourth extrinsic protein required for stabilizing the oxygen-evolving complex in the lumenal surface of PSII. The PsbQ' subunit was found to be located underneath CP43 in the vicinity of PsbV, and its structure is characterized by a bundle of four up-down helices arranged in a similar way to those of cyanobacterial and higher plant PsbQ, although helices I and II of PsbQ' were kinked relative to its higher plant counterpart because of its interactions with CP43. Furthermore, two novel transmembrane helices were found in the red algal PSII that are not present in cyanobacterial PSII; one of these helices may correspond to PsbW found only in eukaryotic PSII. The present results represent the first crystal structure of PSII from eukaryotic oxygenic organisms, which were discussed in comparison with the structure of cyanobacterial PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ago
- From the RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Adachi
- the Photosynthesis Research Center, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology/Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Umena
- the Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARNA), Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan,; the Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tashiro
- the Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawakami
- the Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARNA), Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kamiya
- the Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARNA), Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan,; the Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Lirong Tian
- the Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guangye Han
- the Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- the Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zheyi Liu
- the Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China and
| | - Fangjun Wang
- the Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China and
| | - Hanfa Zou
- the Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China and
| | - Isao Enami
- the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | | | - Jian-Ren Shen
- the Photosynthesis Research Center, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology/Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan,; the Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China,.
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Endo K, Mizusawa N, Shen JR, Yamada M, Tomo T, Komatsu H, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi K, Wada H. Site-directed mutagenesis of amino acid residues of D1 protein interacting with phosphatidylglycerol affects the function of plastoquinone QB in photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 126:385-97. [PMID: 25921208 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent X-ray crystallographic analysis of photosystem (PS) II at 1.9-Å resolution identified 20 lipid molecules in the complex, five of which are phosphatidylglycerol (PG). In this study, we mutagenized amino acid residues S232 and N234 of D1, which interact with two of the PG molecules (PG664 and PG694), by site-directed mutagenesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to investigate the role of the interaction in PSII. The serine and asparagine residues at positions 232 and 234 from the N-terminus were mutagenized to alanine and aspartic acid, respectively, and a mutant carrying both amino acid substitutions was also produced. Although the obtained mutants, S232A, N234D, and S232AN234D, exhibited normal growth, they showed decreased photosynthetic activities and slower electron transport from QA to QB than the control strain. Thermoluminescence analysis suggested that this slower electron transfer in the mutants was caused by more negative redox potential of QB, but not in those of QA and S2. In addition, the levels of extrinsic proteins, PsbV and PsbU, were decreased in PSII monomer purified from the S232AN234D mutant, while that of Psb28 was increased. In the S232AN234D mutant, the content of PG in PSII was slightly decreased, whereas that of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol was increased compared with the control strain. These results suggest that the interactions of S232 and N234 with PG664 and PG694 are important to maintain the function of QB and to stabilize the binding of extrinsic proteins to PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichiro Endo
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Naoki Mizusawa
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan
- Research Center for Micro-Nano Technology, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-0003, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masato Yamada
- Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tomo
- Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Komatsu
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Masami Kobayashi
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Koichi Kobayashi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hajime Wada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
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Kobayashi S, Tsuzuki M, Sato N. Sulfite-stress induced functional and structural changes in the complexes of photosystems I and II in a cyanobacterium, Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1521-1532. [PMID: 26009593 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Excess sulfite is well known to have toxic effects on photosynthetic activities and growth in plants, however, so far, the behavior of the photosynthetic apparatus during sulfite-stress has not been characterized as to the responsible proteins or genes. Here, the effects of sulfite on photosystem complexes were investigated in a cyanobacterium, Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, a possible model organism of chloroplasts. Culturing of the cells for 24 h in the presence of 10 mM sulfite retarded cell growth of the wild type, concomitantly with synthesis of Chl and phycobilisome repressed. The excess sulfite simultaneously repressed photosynthesis by more than 90%, owing largely to structural destabilization and resultant inactivation of the PSII complex, which seemed to consequently retard the cell growth. Notably, the PsbO protein, one of the subunits that construct the water-splitting system of PSII, was retained at a considerable level, and disruption of the psbO gene led to higher sensitivity of photosynthesis and growth to sulfite. Meanwhile, the PSI complex showed monomerization of its trimeric configuration with little effect on the activity. The structural alterations of these PS complexes depended on light. Our data provide evidence for quantitative decreases in the photosystem complex(es) including their antenna(e), structural alterations of the PSI and PSII complexes that would modulate their functions, and a crucial role of psbO in PSII protection, in Synechococcus cells during sulfite-stress. We suggest that the reconstruction of the photosystem complexes is beneficial to cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Kobayashi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mikio Tsuzuki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan JST, CREST, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sato
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan JST, CREST, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan
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Hasni I, Yaakoubi H, Hamdani S, Tajmir-Riahi HA, Carpentier R. Mechanism of interaction of Al3+ with the proteins composition of photosystem II. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120876. [PMID: 25806795 PMCID: PMC4373732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of Al3+on photosystem II (PSII) electron transport was investigated using several biophysical and biochemical techniques such as oxygen evolution, chlorophyll fluorescence induction and emission, SDS-polyacrylamide and native green gel electrophoresis, and FTIR spectroscopy. In order to understand the mechanism of its inhibitory action, we have analyzed the interaction of this toxic cation with proteins subunits of PSII submembrane fractions isolated from spinach. Our results show that Al 3+, especially above 3 mM, strongly inhibits oxygen evolution and affects the advancement of the S states of the Mn4O5Ca cluster. This inhibition was due to the release of the extrinsic polypeptides and the disorganization of the Mn4O5Ca cluster associated with the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of PSII. This fact was accompanied by a significant decline of maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) together with a strong damping of the chlorophyll a fluorescence induction. The energy transfer from light harvesting antenna to reaction centers of PSII was impaired following the alteration of the light harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII). The latter result was revealed by the drop of chlorophyll fluorescence emission spectra at low temperature (77 K), increase of F0 and confirmed by the native green gel electrophoresis. FTIR measurements indicated that the interaction of Al 3+ with the intrinsic and extrinsic polypeptides of PSII induces major alterations of the protein secondary structure leading to conformational changes. This was reflected by a major reduction of α-helix with an increase of β-sheet and random coil structures in Al 3+-PSII complexes. These structural changes are closely related with the functional alteration of PSII activity revealed by the inhibition of the electron transport chain of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imed Hasni
- Research Group in Plant Biology, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivieres, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hnia Yaakoubi
- Research Group in Plant Biology, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivieres, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
| | - Saber Hamdani
- Plant Systems Biology Group, Partner Institute of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Heidar-Ali Tajmir-Riahi
- Research Group in Plant Biology, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivieres, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Carpentier
- Research Group in Plant Biology, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivieres, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
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Nagao R, Tomo T, Noguchi T. Effects of Extrinsic Proteins on the Protein Conformation of the Oxygen-Evolving Center in Cyanobacterial Photosystem II As Revealed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Biochemistry 2015; 54:2022-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nagao
- Division
of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho,
Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tomo
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka
1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Division
of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho,
Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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45
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Briccoli Bati C, Santilli E, Lombardo L. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and on micronutrient and macronutrient uptake and allocation in olive plantlets growing under high total Mn levels. MYCORRHIZA 2015; 25:97-108. [PMID: 25008210 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-014-0589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The reported work was designed to increase knowledge about the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the phytoavailability and allocation of some of the principal macroelements and microelements in young potted olive plants growing in a soil presenting high levels of manganese (Mn), taken from an experimental olive field. A greenhouse trial was performed using self-rooted cuttings of Ascolana tenera, Nocellara del Belice and Carolea cultivars inoculated or not with two mycorrhizal inocula (commercial vs native). Molecular characterization of the indigenous AMF indicated that the species found in the experimental soil were different from those present in the commercial inoculum. The important incidence of AMF on P uptake was confirmed with generally double the concentration in mycorrhizal olive plants as compared to non-mycorrhizal controls, irrespective of genotype and inocula. Furthermore, apart from promoting plant growth (from 1.7- to 5-fold), the symbiosis reduced Mn concentrations from 43 to 83%. The observed differences depended on the cultivar and the inoculum, with native AMF being more effective probably as a result of their adaptation to the experimental soil. No clear direct relationship was found between AMF inoculation and other elements analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Briccoli Bati
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Research Centre for Oliviculture and Olive Oil Industry, Rende, Italy,
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46
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Shen JR. The Structure of Photosystem II and the Mechanism of Water Oxidation in Photosynthesis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 66:23-48. [PMID: 25746448 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050312-120129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis forms the basis of aerobic life on earth by converting light energy into biologically useful chemical energy and by splitting water to generate molecular oxygen. The water-splitting and oxygen-evolving reaction is catalyzed by photosystem II (PSII), a huge, multisubunit membrane-protein complex located in the thylakoid membranes of organisms ranging from cyanobacteria to higher plants. The structure of PSII has been analyzed at 1.9-Å resolution by X-ray crystallography, revealing a clear picture of the Mn4CaO5 cluster, the catalytic center for water oxidation. This article provides an overview of the overall structure of PSII followed by detailed descriptions of the specific structure of the Mn4CaO5 cluster and its surrounding protein environment. Based on the geometric organization of the Mn4CaO5 cluster revealed by the crystallographic analysis, in combination with the results of a vast number of experimental studies involving spectroscopic and other techniques as well as various theoretical studies, the article also discusses possible mechanisms for water splitting that are currently under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
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47
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Michoux F, Boehm M, Bialek W, Takasaka K, Maghlaoui K, Barber J, Murray JW, Nixon PJ. Crystal structure of CyanoQ from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus and detection in isolated photosystem II complexes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 122:57-67. [PMID: 24838684 PMCID: PMC4180030 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The PsbQ-like protein, termed CyanoQ, found in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is thought to bind to the lumenal surface of photosystem II (PSII), helping to shield the Mn4CaO5 oxygen-evolving cluster. CyanoQ is, however, absent from the crystal structures of PSII isolated from thermophilic cyanobacteria raising the possibility that the association of CyanoQ with PSII might not be a conserved feature. Here, we show that CyanoQ (encoded by tll2057) is indeed expressed in the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus and provide evidence in support of its assignment as a lipoprotein. Using an immunochemical approach, we show that CyanoQ co-purifies with PSII and is actually present in highly pure PSII samples used to generate PSII crystals. The absence of CyanoQ in the final crystal structure is possibly due to detachment of CyanoQ during crystallisation or its presence in sub-stoichiometric amounts. In contrast, the PsbP homologue, CyanoP, is severely depleted in isolated PSII complexes. We have also determined the crystal structure of CyanoQ from T. elongatus to a resolution of 1.6 Å. It lacks bound metal ions and contains a four-helix up-down bundle similar to the ones found in Synechocystis CyanoQ and spinach PsbQ. However, the N-terminal region and extensive lysine patch that are thought to be important for binding of PsbQ to PSII are not conserved in T. elongatus CyanoQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Michoux
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
- Present Address: Alkion Biopharma, 4 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Marko Boehm
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Wojciech Bialek
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Kenji Takasaka
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Karim Maghlaoui
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - James Barber
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - James W. Murray
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Peter J. Nixon
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
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48
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Najafpour MM, Ghobadi MZ, Haghighi B, Tomo T, Carpentier R, Shen JR, Allakhverdiev SI. A nano-sized manganese oxide in a protein matrix as a natural water-oxidizing site. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 81:3-15. [PMID: 24560883 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to present recent advances in the structural and functional studies of water-oxidizing center of Photosystem II and its surrounding protein matrix in order to synthesize artificial catalysts for production of clean and efficient hydrogen fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran; Center of Climate Change and Global Warming, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran.
| | - Mohadeseh Zarei Ghobadi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Behzad Haghighi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran; Center of Climate Change and Global Warming, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Tatsuya Tomo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Robert Carpentier
- Departement de Chimie Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois Rivières, C.P. 500, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
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49
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Ifuku K. The PsbP and PsbQ family proteins in the photosynthetic machinery of chloroplasts. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 81:108-14. [PMID: 24477118 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The PsbP and PsbQ proteins are extrinsic subunits of the photosystem II in eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms including higher plants, green algae and euglena. It has been suggested that PsbP and PsbQ have evolved from their cyanobacterial homologs, while considerable genetic and functional modifications have occurred to generate the eukaryote-type proteins. In addition, number of PsbP and PsbQ homologs exist in the thylakoid lumen of chloroplasts. These homologs are nuclear-encoded and likely diverged by gene duplication, and recent studies have elucidated their various functions in the photosynthetic machinery. In this short review, recent findings and new idea about these components will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ifuku
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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50
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Schneider A, Steinberger I, Strissel H, Kunz HH, Manavski N, Meurer J, Burkhard G, Jarzombski S, Schünemann D, Geimer S, Flügge UI, Leister D. The Arabidopsis Tellurite resistance C protein together with ALB3 is involved in photosystem II protein synthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 78:344-356. [PMID: 24612058 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of photosystem II (PSII) occurs sequentially and requires several auxiliary proteins, such as ALB3 (ALBINO3). Here, we describe the role of the Arabidopsis thaliana thylakoid membrane protein Tellurite resistance C (AtTerC) in this process. Knockout of AtTerC was previously shown to be seedling-lethal. This phenotype was rescued by expressing TerC fused C-terminally to GFP in the terc-1 background, and the resulting terc-1TerC- GFP line and an artificial miRNA-based knockdown allele (amiR-TerC) were used to analyze the TerC function. The alterations in chlorophyll fluorescence and thylakoid ultrastructure observed in amiR-TerC plants and terc-1TerC- GFP were attributed to defects in PSII. We show that this phenotype resulted from a reduction in the rate of de novo synthesis of PSII core proteins, but later steps in PSII biogenesis appeared to be less affected. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed that TerC interacts with PSII proteins. In particular, its interaction with the PSII assembly factor ALB3 has been demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation. ALB3 is thought to assist in incorporation of CP43 into PSII via interaction with Low PSII Accumulation2 (LPA2) Low PSII Accumulation3 (LPA3). Homozygous lpa2 mutants expressing amiR-TerC displayed markedly exacerbated phenotypes, leading to seedling lethality, indicating an additive effect. We propose a model in which TerC, together with ALB3, facilitates de novo synthesis of thylakoid membrane proteins, for instance CP43, at the membrane insertion step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schneider
- Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Department Biologie I, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
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