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Zhu B, Jonathan H. A Review of Image Sensors Used in Near-Infrared and Shortwave Infrared Fluorescence Imaging. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3539. [PMID: 38894330 PMCID: PMC11175340 DOI: 10.3390/s24113539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
To translate near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescence imaging into the clinic, the paired imaging device needs to detect trace doses of fluorescent imaging agents. Except for the filtration scheme and excitation light source, the image sensor used will finally determine the detection limitations of NIR and SWIR fluorescence imaging systems. In this review, we investigate the current state-of-the-art image sensors used in NIR and SWIR fluorescence imaging systems and discuss the advantages and limitations of their characteristics, such as readout architecture and noise factors. Finally, the imaging performance of these image sensors is evaluated and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banghe Zhu
- The Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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2
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Kimura A, Kitoh-Nishioka H, Kondo T, Oh-Oka H, Itoh S, Azai C. Experimental and Theoretical Mutation of Exciton States on the Smallest Type-I Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex of a Green Sulfur Bacterium Chlorobaclum tepidum. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:731-743. [PMID: 38198639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The exciton states on the smallest type-I photosynthetic reaction center complex of a green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum (GsbRC) consisting of 26 bacteriochlorophylls a (BChl a) and four chlorophylls a (Chl a) located on the homodimer of two PscA reaction center polypeptides were investigated. This analysis involved the study of exciton states through a combination of theoretical modeling and the genetic removal of BChl a pigments at eight sites. (1) A theoretical model of the pigment assembly exciton state on GsbRC was constructed using Poisson TrESP (P-TrESP) and charge density coupling (CDC) methods based on structural information. The model reproduced the experimentally obtained absorption spectrum, circular dichroism spectrum, and excitation transfer dynamics, as well as explained the effects of mutation. (2) Eight BChl a molecules at different locations on the GsbRC were selectively removed by genetic exchange of the His residue, which ligates the central Mg atom of BChl a, with the Leu residue on either one or two PscAs in the RC. His locations are conserved among all type-I RC plant polypeptide, cyanobacteria, and bacteria amino acid sequences. (3) Purified mutant-GsbRCs demonstrated distinct absorption and fluorescence spectra at 77 K, which were different from each other, suggesting successful pigment removal. (4) The same mutations were applied to the constructed theoretical model to analyze the outcomes of these mutations. (5) The combination of theoretical predictions and experimental mutations based on structural information is a new tool for studying the function and evolution of photosynthetic reaction centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kimura
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kitoh-Nishioka
- Department of Energy and Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Toru Kondo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hirozo Oh-Oka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shigeru Itoh
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Chihiro Azai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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3
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Pan N, Roy L, Hasan MN, Banerjee A, Ghosh R, Alsharif MA, Asghar BH, Obaid RJ, Chattopadhyay A, Das R, Ahmed SA, Pal SK. Unraveling an Ultrafast Electron Transport Mechanism in a Photocatalytic "Micromachine" for Their Potential Light Harvesting Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14050980. [PMID: 37241604 DOI: 10.3390/mi14050980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Following the seminal discovery of Richard Feynman, several micromachines have been made that are capable of several applications, such as solar energy harvesting, remediation of environmental pollution, etc. Here we have synthesized a nanohybrid combining TiO2 nanoparticle and light harvesting robust organic molecule RK1 (2-cyano-3-(4-(7-(5-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-4-octylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5] thiadiazol-4-yl)phenyl) acrylic acid) as a model micromachine having solar light harvesting ability potential for application in photocatalysis, preparation of solar active devices, etc. Detailed structural characterization, including High Resolution Transmission Electronic Microscopy (HRTEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), has been performed on the nanohybrid. We have studied the excited-state ultrafast dynamics of the efficient push-pull dye RK1 in solution, on mesoporous semiconductor nanoparticles, and in insulator nanoparticles by streak camera (resolution of the order of 500 fs). The dynamics of such photosensitizers in polar solvents have been reported, and it has been observed that completely different dynamics occur when they are attached to the surface of the semiconductor/insulator nanosurface. A femtosecond-resolved fast electron transfer has been reported when photosensitizer RK1 has been attached to the surface of the semiconductor nanoparticle, which in turn plays a crucial role in the development of an efficient light harvesting material. The generation of reactive oxygen species as a result of femtosecond-resolved photoinduced electron injection in the aqueous medium is also investigated in order to explore the possibility of redox-active micromachines, which are found to be crucial for efficient and enhanced photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Pan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Block JD, Sector 3, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Lopamudra Roy
- Department of Applied Optics and Photonics, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Rd, Machuabazar, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Md Nur Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Block JD, Sector 3, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Amrita Banerjee
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mallick Rd, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ria Ghosh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Block JD, Sector 3, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Meshari A Alsharif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim H Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami J Obaid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arpita Chattopadhyay
- Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Techno International New Town, Block-DG 1/2 New Town, Action Area 1, Kolkata 700156, India
| | - Ranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Samir Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Block JD, Sector 3, Kolkata 700106, India
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4
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Yamakawa H, van Stokkum IHM, Heber U, Itoh S. Mechanisms of drought-induced dissipation of excitation energy in sun- and shade-adapted drought-tolerant mosses studied by fluorescence yield change and global and target analysis of fluorescence decay kinetics. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 135:285-298. [PMID: 29151177 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Some mosses stay green and survive long even under desiccation. Dissipation mechanisms of excess excitation energy were studied in two drought-tolerant moss species adapted to contrasting niches: shade-adapted Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus and sun-adapted Rhytidium rugosum in the same family. (1) Under wet conditions, a light-induced nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) mechanism decreased the yield of photosystem II (PSII) fluorescence in both species. The NPQ extent saturated at a lower illumination intensity in R. squarrosus, suggesting a larger PSII antenna size. (2) Desiccation reduced the fluorescence intensities giving significantly lower F 0 levels and shortened the overall fluorescence lifetimes in both R. squarrosus and R. rugosum, at room temperature. (3) At 77 K, desiccation strongly reduced the PSII fluorescence intensity. This reduction was smaller in R. squarrosus than in R. rugosum. (4) Global and target analysis indicated two different mechanisms of energy dissipation in PSII under desiccation: the energy dissipation to a desiccation-formed strong fluorescence quencher in the PSII core in sun-adapted R. rugosum (type-A quenching) and (5) the moderate energy dissipation in the light-harvesting complex/PSII in shade-adapted R. squarrosus (type-B quenching). The two mechanisms are consistent with the different ecological niches of the two mosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Yamakawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocyo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ivo H M van Stokkum
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Heber
- Julius von Sachs Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Shigeru Itoh
- Division of Material Science (Physics), Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocyo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.
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Acuña AM, Kaňa R, Gwizdala M, Snellenburg JJ, van Alphen P, van Oort B, Kirilovsky D, van Grondelle R, van Stokkum IHM. A method to decompose spectral changes in Synechocystis PCC 6803 during light-induced state transitions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 130:237-249. [PMID: 27016082 PMCID: PMC5054063 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria have developed responses to maintain the balance between the energy absorbed and the energy used in different pigment-protein complexes. One of the relatively rapid (a few minutes) responses is activated when the cells are exposed to high light intensities. This mechanism thermally dissipates excitation energy at the level of the phycobilisome (PB) antenna before it reaches the reaction center. When exposed to low intensities of light that modify the redox state of the plastoquinone pool, the so-called state transitions redistribute energy between photosystem I and II. Experimental techniques to investigate the underlying mechanisms of these responses, such as pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometry, are based on spectrally integrated signals. Previously, a spectrally resolved fluorometry method has been introduced to preserve spectral information. The analysis method introduced in this work allows to interpret SRF data in terms of species-associated spectra of open/closed reaction centers (RCs), (un)quenched PB and state 1 versus state 2. Thus, spectral differences in the time-dependent fluorescence signature of photosynthetic organisms under varying light conditions can be traced and assigned to functional emitting species leading to a number of interpretations of their molecular origins. In particular, we present evidence that state 1 and state 2 correspond to different states of the PB-PSII-PSI megacomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso M Acuña
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Opatovický Mlýn, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Gwizdala
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris J Snellenburg
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal van Alphen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van Oort
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Kirilovsky
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo H M van Stokkum
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Itoh S, Ohno T, Noji T, Yamakawa H, Komatsu H, Wada K, Kobayashi M, Miyashita H. Harvesting Far-Red Light by Chlorophyll f in Photosystems I and II of Unicellular Cyanobacterium strain KC1. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:2024-2034. [PMID: 26320210 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cells of a unicellular cyanobacterium strain KC1, which were collected from Japanese fresh water Lake Biwa, formed chlorophyll (Chl) f at 6.7%, Chl a' at 2.0% and pheophytin a at 0.96% with respect to Chl a after growth under 740 nm light. The far-red-acclimated cells (Fr cells) formed extra absorption bands of Chl f at 715 nm in addition to the major Chl a band. Fluorescence lifetimes were measured. The 405-nm laser flash, which excites mainly Chl a in photosystem I (PSI), induced a fast energy transfer to multiple fluorescence bands at 720-760 and 805 nm of Chl f at 77 K in Fr cells with almost no PSI-red-Chl a band. The 630-nm laser flash, which mainly excited photosystem II (PSII) through phycocyanin, revealed fast energy transfer to another set of Chl f bands at 720-770 and 810 nm as well as to the 694-nm Chl a fluorescence band. The 694-nm band did not transfer excitation energy to Chl f. Therefore, Chl a in PSI, and phycocyanin in PSII of Fr cells transferred excitation energy to different sets of Chl f molecules. Multiple Chl f forms, thus, seem to work as the far-red antenna both in PSI and PSII. A variety of cyanobacterial species, phylogenically distant from each other, seems to use a Chl f antenna in far-red environments, such as under dense biomats, in colonies, or under far-red LED light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Itoh
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ohno
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Noji
- Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hisanori Yamakawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Komatsu
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Wada
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Masami Kobayashi
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hideaki Miyashita
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Graduate School of Global and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Yamakawa H, Itoh S. Dissipation of excess excitation energy by drought-induced nonphotochemical quenching in two species of drought-tolerant moss: desiccation-induced acceleration of photosystem II fluorescence decay. Biochemistry 2013; 52:4451-9. [PMID: 23750703 DOI: 10.1021/bi4001886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drought-tolerant mosses survive with their green color intact even after long periods of dehydration that would kill ordinary plants. The mechanism of dissipation of excitation energy under drought stress was studied in two species of drought-tolerant moss, Rhytidium rugosum and Ceratodon purpureus. They showed severe quenching of photosystem II chlorophyll fluorescence (PSII) after being dehydrated in the dark. Quenching was induced by the acceleration of the fluorescence decay rate. This drought-induced nonphotochemical quenching (designated d-NPQ) was fully reversed by rehydration. Global analysis of fluorescence decay at 77 K indicated rapid 46 ps transfer of excitation energy from the 680-690 nm PSII bands to a 710 nm band, and to 740-760 nm bands. The latter bands decayed to the ground state with the same time constant showing the rapid dissipation of excitation energy into heat. The quenching by d-NPQ in dry moss was stronger than that by PSII charge separation or nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), which operates under hydrating conditions. Drought-tolerant mosses, thus, dissipate excess excitation energy into heat. The d-NPQ mechanism in moss resembles that reported in lichens, suggesting their common origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Yamakawa
- Division of Material Science (Physics), Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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8
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Yamakawa H, Fukushima Y, Itoh S, Heber U. Three different mechanisms of energy dissipation of a desiccation-tolerant moss serve one common purpose: to protect reaction centres against photo-oxidation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:3765-75. [PMID: 22438303 PMCID: PMC3388843 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Three different types of non-photochemical de-excitation of absorbed light energy protect photosystem II of the sun- and desiccation-tolerant moss Rhytidium rugosum against photo-oxidation. The first mechanism, which is light-induced in hydrated thalli, is sensitive to inhibition by dithiothreitol. It is controlled by the protonation of a thylakoid protein. Other mechanisms are activated by desiccation. One of them permits exciton migration towards a far-red band in the antenna pigments where fast thermal deactivation takes place. This mechanism appears to be similar to a mechanism detected before in desiccated lichens. A third mechanism is based on the reversible photo-accumulation of a radical that acts as a quencher of excitation energy in reaction centres of photosystem II. On the basis of absorption changes around 800 nm, the quencher is suggested to be an oxidized chlorophyll. The data show that desiccated moss is better protected against photo-oxidative damage than hydrated moss. Slow drying of moss thalli in the light increases photo-protection more than slow drying in darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Yamakawa
- Division of Material Science (Physics), Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464–8602, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Fukushima
- Division of Material Science (Physics), Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464–8602, Japan
| | - Shigeru Itoh
- Division of Material Science (Physics), Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464–8602, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ,
| | - Ulrich Heber
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ,
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Kaňa R, Kotabová E, Komárek O, Sedivá B, Papageorgiou GC, Govindjee, Prášil O. The slow S to M fluorescence rise in cyanobacteria is due to a state 2 to state 1 transition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:1237-47. [PMID: 22402228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In dark-adapted plants and algae, chlorophyll a fluorescence induction peaks within 1s after irradiation due to well documented photochemical and non-photochemical processes. Here we show that the much slower fluorescence rise in cyanobacteria (the so-called "S to M rise" in tens of seconds) is due to state 2 to state 1 transition. This has been demonstrated in particular for Synechocystis PCC6803, using its RpaC(-) mutant (locked in state 1) and its wild-type cells kept in hyperosmotic suspension (locked in state 2). In both cases, the inhibition of state changes correlates with the disappearance of the S to M fluorescence rise, confirming its assignment to the state 2 to state 1 transition. The general physiological relevance of the SM rise is supported by its occurrence in several cyanobacterial strains: Synechococcus (PCC 7942, WH 5701) and diazotrophic single cell cyanobacterium (Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142). We also show here that the SM fluorescence rise, and also the state transition changes are less prominent in filamentous diazotrophic cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. (PCC 7120) and absent in phycobilisome-less cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus marinus PCC 9511. Surprisingly, it is also absent in the phycobiliprotein rod containing Acaryochloris marina (MBIC 11017). All these results show that the S to M fluorescence rise reflects state 2 to state 1 transition in cyanobacteria with phycobilisomes formed by rods and core parts. We show that the pronounced SM fluorescence rise may reflect a protective mechanism for excess energy dissipation in those cyanobacteria (e.g. in Synechococcus PCC 7942) that are less efficient in other protective mechanisms, such as blue light induced non-photochemical quenching. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosynthesis Research for Sustainability: from Natural to Artificial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
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Seasonal changes in the excess energy dissipation from Photosystem II antennae in overwintering evergreen broad-leaved trees Quercus myrsinaefolia and Machilus thunbergii. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 104:348-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fukushima Y, Iwaki M, Narikawa R, Ikeuchi M, Tomita Y, Itoh S. Photoconversion mechanism of a green/red photosensory cyanobacteriochrome AnPixJ: time-resolved optical spectroscopy and FTIR analysis of the AnPixJ-GAF2 domain. Biochemistry 2011; 50:6328-39. [PMID: 21714499 DOI: 10.1021/bi101799w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The photoconversion mechanism of a green/red sensory cyanobacteriochrome AnPixJ was studied. The phycocyanobilin-binding second GAF domain of AnPixJ of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 was expressed in Escherichia coli cells. The His-tagged AnPixJ-GAF2 domain exhibited photoconversion between the green- and red-absorbing forms, APg(543) and APr(648), respectively. We detected four intermediate states in the photocycle between them, as follows: APr(648) → red light → APr(648)* → (with a rise time constant τ(r) of <100 ns) R1(650-80) (with a decay time constant τ(d) of <1 μs) → R2(610) (τ(d) = 920 μs) → APg(543) → green light → APg(543)* → (τ(r) < 50 ns) G1(570) (τ(d) = 190 μs) → G2(630) (τ(d) = 1.01 ms) → APr(648). These intermediates were named for their absorption peak wavelengths, which were estimated on the basis of the time-resolved difference spectra and global analysis of the time courses. The absorption spectrum of APr(648) resembles that of the Pr form of the phytochrome, while all the other states showed peaks at 530-650 nm and had wider bandwidths with smaller peak amplitudes. The fastest decay phases of fluorescence from APr(648)* and APg(543)* gave lifetimes of 200 and 42 ps, respectively, suggesting fast primary reactions. The APg(543)-minus-APr(648) difference FTIR spectrum in an H(2)O medium was significantly different from those reported for the Pfr/Pr difference spectra in phytochromes. Most of the peaks in the difference spectrum were shifted in the D(2)O medium, suggesting the high accessibility to the aqueous phase. The interactions of the phycocyanobilin chromophore with the surrounding amino acid residues, which are fairly different from those in the GAF domain of phytochromes, realize the unique green/red photocycle of AnPixJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Fukushima
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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12
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B Rling K, Hunsche M, Noga G, Pfeifer L, Damerow L. UV-induced fluorescence spectra and lifetime determination for detection of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) in susceptible and resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2011; 38:337-345. [PMID: 32480889 DOI: 10.1071/fp10171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In modern agriculture, the use of cultivars that are resistant against specific stresses, e.g. pathogen infections, is an integral component. Considering the great demand for a rapid and objective screening method for stress resistance of new cultivars, the question arises, whether time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy is suitable for such purposes. Amongst others, infected plants might accumulate specific compounds such as salicylic acid and phenylpropanoid compounds as key substances in plant disease resistance, whereas synthesis and accumulation may influence fluorescence parameters such as absolute intensity of single peaks, ratios between peaks and lifetime. Experiments were conducted in a controlled-environment cabinet cultivating four leaf rust susceptible and three leaf rust resistant genotypes. Fluorescence measurements were conducted using a compact fibre-optic fluorescence spectrometer with a nanosecond time-resolution. Results of experiments revealed that UV-induced measurements of spectral characteristics as well as determination of fluorescence lifetime are suited to detect leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars as early as 2 days after inoculation (dai). For this purpose several parameters such as the fluorescence (F) amplitude ratios F451/F522, F451/F687, F451/F736, F522/F687, F522/F736 as well as fluorescence mean lifetime especially at 470nm, might be used. Discrimination between resistant and susceptible cultivars to the leaf rust pathogen could be accomplished 3dai by using the ratio of fluorescence amplitude between the blue (F451nm) and red (F687nm) peak, and mean lifetime at 440, 500 and 530nm. Our results indicate that the combination of spectrally and time-resolved fluorescence could be an additional tool in plant breeding programs for an automatic and precise high-throughput system for evaluation of the pathogen resistance of new genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin B Rling
- University of Bonn, INRES - Horticultural Science, Auf dem Hügel 6, D-53121, Bonn
| | - Mauricio Hunsche
- University of Bonn, INRES - Horticultural Science, Auf dem Hügel 6, D-53121, Bonn
| | - Georg Noga
- University of Bonn, INRES - Horticultural Science, Auf dem Hügel 6, D-53121, Bonn
| | - Lutz Pfeifer
- Berthold Detection Systems GmbH, Bleichstraße 56-68, D-75173, Belgium
| | - Lutz Damerow
- University of Bonn, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Nussallee 5, D-53115, Bonn
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van der Weij-de Wit CD, Dekker JP, van Grondelle R, van Stokkum IHM. Charge separation is virtually irreversible in photosystem II core complexes with oxidized primary quinone acceptor. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:3947-56. [PMID: 21341818 DOI: 10.1021/jp1083746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
X-ray structures of the Photosystem II (PSII) core revealed relatively large interpigment distances between the CP43 and CP47 antenna complexes and the reaction center (RC) with respect to the interpigment distances in a single unit. This finding questions the possibility of fast energy equilibration among the antenna and the RC, which has been the basic explanation for the measured PSII fluorescence kinetics for more than two decades. In this study, we present time-resolved fluorescence measurements obtained with a streak-camera setup on PSII core complexes from Thermosynechococcus elongatus at room temperature (RT) and at 77 K. Kinetic modeling of the RT data obtained with oxidized quinone acceptor Q(A), reveals that the kinetics are best described by fast primary charge separation at a time scale of 1.5 ps and slow energy transfer from the antenna into the RC, which results in an energy equilibration time between the antenna and the RC of about 44 ps. This model is consistent with structure-based computations. Primary radical pair formation was found to be a virtually irreversible process. Energy equilibration within the CP43 and CP47 complexes is shown to occur at a time scale of 8 ps. Kinetic modeling of the 77 K data reveals similar energy transfer time scales in the antenna units and among the antenna and the RC as at RT, respectively, 7 and 37 ps. We conclude that the energy transfer from the CP43/CP47 antenna to the RC is the dominant factor in the total charge separation kinetics in intact PSII cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D van der Weij-de Wit
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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