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Alexandre MTA, Krüger TPJ, Pascal AA, Veremeienko V, Llansola-Portoles MJ, Gundermann K, van Grondelle R, Büchel C, Robert B. Molecular events accompanying aggregation-induced energy quenching in fucoxanthin-chlorophyll proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149500. [PMID: 39074571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
In high light, the antenna system in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms switches to a photoprotective mode, dissipating excess energy in a process called non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Diatoms exhibit very efficient NPQ, accompanied by a xanthophyll cycle in which diadinoxanthin is de-epoxidized into diatoxanthin. Diatoms accumulate pigments from this cycle in high light, and exhibit faster and more pronounced NPQ. The mechanisms underlying NPQ in diatoms remain unclear, but it can be mimicked by aggregation of their isolated light-harvesting complexes, FCP (fucoxanthin chlorophyll-a/c protein). We assess this model system by resonance Raman measurements of two peripheral FCPs, trimeric FCPa and nonameric FCPb, isolated from high- and low-light-adapted cells (LL,HL). Quenching is associated with a reorganisation of these proteins, affecting the conformation of their bound carotenoids, and in a manner which is highly dependent on the protein considered. FCPa from LL diatoms exhibits significant changes in diadinoxanthin structure, together with a smaller conformational change of at least one fucoxanthin. For these LL-FCPa, quenching is associated with consecutive events, displaying distinct spectral signatures, and its amplitude correlates with the planarity of the diadinoxanthin structure. HL-FCPa aggregation is associated with a change in planarity of a 515-nm-absorbing fucoxanthin, and, to a lesser extent, of diadinoxanthin. Finally, in FCPb, a blue-absorbing fucoxanthin is primarily affected. FCPs thus possess a plastic structure, undergoing several conformational changes upon aggregation, dependent upon their precise composition and structure. NPQ in diatoms may therefore arise from a combination of structural changes, dependent on the environment the cells are adapted to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime T A Alexandre
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tjaart P J Krüger
- Department of Physics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Andrew A Pascal
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France.
| | - Vasyl Veremeienko
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Manuel J Llansola-Portoles
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Kathi Gundermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max von Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max von Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bruno Robert
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
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Rearte TA, Celis-Pla PSM, Abdala-Díaz R, Castro-Varela P, Marsili SN, García C, Cerón-García MC, Figueroa FL. Increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoid accumulation in the microalga Golenkinia brevispicula (Chlorophyceae) by manipulating spectral irradiance and salinity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 39183489 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Microalgal biotechnology offers a promising platform for the sustainable production of diverse renewable bioactive compounds. The key distinction from other microbial bioprocesses lies in the critical role that light plays in cultures, as it serves as a source of environmental information to control metabolic processes. Therefore, we can use these criteria to design a bioprocess that aims to stimulate the accumulation of target molecules by controlling light exposure. We study the effect on biochemical and photobiological responses of Golenkinia brevispicula FAUBA-3 to the exposition of different spectral irradiances (specifically, high-fluence PAR of narrow yellow spectrum complemented with low intensity of monochromatic radiations of red, blue, and UV-A) under prestress and salinity stress conditions. High light (HL) intensity coupled to salinity stress affected the photosynthetic activity and photoprotection mechanisms as shown by maximal quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQmax) reduction, respectively. HL treatments combined with the proper dose of UV-A radiation under salinity stress induced the highest carotenoid content (2.75 mg g dry weight [DW]- 1) composed mainly of lutein and β-carotene, and the highest lipid accumulation (35.3% DW) with the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid content (alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3) and linoleic acid (C18:2)). Our study can guide the strategies for commercial indoor production of G. brevispicula for high-value metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Rearte
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P S M Celis-Pla
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research (LACER)/HUB-AMBIENTAL UPLA, Playa Ancha University, Valparaíso, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias y Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - R Abdala-Díaz
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Centro Experimental Grice Hutchinson, Málaga, Spain
| | - P Castro-Varela
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - S N Marsili
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C García
- Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - M C Cerón-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - F L Figueroa
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Centro Experimental Grice Hutchinson, Málaga, Spain
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Si L, Zhang S, Su X, Li M. Structural basis for the distinct core-antenna assembly of cryptophyte photosystem II. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6812. [PMID: 39122741 PMCID: PMC11316039 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes the light-driven charge separation and water oxidation reactions of photosynthesis. Eukaryotic PSII core is usually associated with membrane-embedded light-harvesting antennae, which greatly increase the absorbance cross-section of the core. The peripheral antennae in different phototrophs vary considerably in protein composition and arrangement. Photosynthetic cryptophytes possess chlorophyll a/c binding proteins (CACs) that serve as their antennae. How these CACs assemble with the PSII core remains unclear. Here, we report the 2.57-Å resolution structure of cryptophyte PSII-CAC purified from cells at nitrogen-limited stationary growth phase. We show that each monomer of the PSII homodimer contains a core complex, six chlorophyll a/c binding proteins (CACs) and a previously unseen chlorophyll-binding protein (termed CAL-II). Six CACs are arranged as a double-layered arc-shaped non-parallel belt, and two such belts attach to the dimeric core from opposite sides. The CAL-II simultaneously interacts with a number of core subunits and five CACs. The distinct organization of CACs and the presence of CAL-II may play a critical role in stabilizing the dimeric PSII-CAC complex under stress conditions. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the assembly and function of the PSII-CAC complex as well as the possible adaptation of cryptophytes in response to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Si
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shumeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Su
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Chang L, Cui H, Li F, Job Zhang YHP, Zhang L. ATP regeneration by ATPases for in vitro biotransformation. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108377. [PMID: 38763231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration is a significant step in both living cells and in vitro biotransformation (ivBT). Rotary motor ATP synthases (ATPases), which regenerate ATP in living cells, have been widely assembled in biomimetic structures for in vitro ATP synthesis. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of ATPases, including the working principle, orientation and distribution density properties of ATPases, as well as the assembly strategies and applications of ATPase-based ATP regeneration modules. The original sources of ATPases for in vitro ATP regeneration include chromatophores, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and inverted Escherichia coli (E. coli) vesicles, which are readily accessible but unstable. Although significant advances have been made in the assembly methods for ATPase-artificial membranes in recent decades, it remains challenging to replicate the high density and orientation of ATPases observed in vivo using in vitro assembly methods. The use of bioproton pumps or chemicals for constructing proton motive forces (PMF) enables the versatility and potential of ATPase-based ATP regeneration modules. Additionally, overall robustness can be achieved via membrane component selection, such as polymers offering great mechanical stability, or by constructing a solid supporting matrix through layer-by-layer assembly techniques. Finally, the prospects of ATPase-based ATP regeneration modules can be expected with the technological development of ATPases and artificial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China
| | - Huijuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China
| | - Yi-Heng P Job Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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Volpe C, Nymark M, Andersen T, Winge P, Lavaud J, Vadstein O. Skeletonema marinoi ecotypes show specific habitat-related responses to fluctuating light supporting high potential for growth under photobioreactor light regime. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:145-161. [PMID: 38736026 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Diatoms are a diverse group of phytoplankton usually dominating areas characterized by rapidly shifting light conditions. Because of their high growth rates and interesting biochemical profile, their biomass is considered for various commercial applications. This study aimed at identifying strains with superior growth in a photobioreactor (PBR) by screening the natural intraspecific diversity of ecotypes isolated from different habitats. We investigated the effect of PBR light fluctuating on a millisecond scale (FL, simulating the light in a PBR) on 19 ecotypes of the diatom Skeletonema marinoi isolated from the North Sea-Baltic Sea area. We compare growth, pigment ratios, phylogeny, photo-physiological variables and photoacclimation strategies between all strains and perform qPCR and absorption spectra analysis on a subset of strains. Our results show that the ecotypes responded differently to FL, and have contrasting photo-physiological and photoprotective strategies. The strains from Kattegat performed better in FL, and shared common photoacclimation and photoprotection strategies that are the results of adaptation to the specific light climate of the Kattegat area. The strains that performed better with FL conditions had a high light (HL)-acclimated phenotype coupled with unique nonphotochemical quenching features. Based on their characteristics, three strains were identified as good candidates for growth in PBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Volpe
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, N-7465, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marianne Nymark
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, N-7465, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Andersen
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology (AQUA), University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Winge
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johann Lavaud
- LEMAR-Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, UMR6539 CNRS, Univ Brest, Ifremer, IRD, Institut Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, rue Dumont d'Urville, Plouzané, 29280, France
| | - Olav Vadstein
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
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Drouet K, Lemée R, Guilloud E, Schmitt S, Laza-Martinez A, Seoane S, Boutoute M, Réveillon D, Hervé F, Siano R, Jauzein C. Ecophysiological responses of Ostreopsis towards temperature: A case study of benthic HAB facing ocean warming. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 135:102648. [PMID: 38830713 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Reports of the benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis spp. have been increasing in the last decades, especially in temperate areas. In a context of global warming, evidences of the effects of increasing sea temperatures on its physiology and its distribution are still lacking and need to be investigated. In this study, the influence of temperature on growth, ecophysiology and toxicity was assessed for several strains of O. cf. siamensis from the Bay of Biscay (NE Atlantic) and O. cf. ovata from NW Mediterranean Sea. Cultures were acclimated to temperatures ranging from 14.5 °C to 32 °C in order to study the whole range of each strain-specific thermal niche. Acclimation was successful for temperatures ranging from 14.5 °C to 25 °C for O. cf. siamensis and from 19 °C to 32 °C for O. cf. ovata, with the highest growth rates measured at 22 °C (0.54-1.06 d-1) and 28 °C (0.52-0.75 d-1), respectively. The analysis of cellular content of pigments and lipids revealed some aspects of thermal acclimation processes in Ostreopsis cells. Specific capacities of O. cf. siamensis to cope with stress of cold temperatures were linked with the activation of a xanthophyll cycle based on diadinoxanthin. Lipids (neutral reserve lipids and polar ones) also revealed species-specific variations, with increases in cellular content noted under extreme temperature conditions. Variations in toxicity were assessed through the Artemia franciscana bioassay. For both species, a decrease in toxicity was observed when temperature dropped under the optimal temperature for growth. No PLTX-like compounds were detected in O. cf. siamensis strains. Thus, the main part of the lethal effect observed on A. franciscana was dependent on currently unknown compounds. From a multiclonal approach, this work allowed for defining specificities in the thermal niche and acclimation strategies of O. cf. siamensis and O. cf. ovata towards temperature. Potential impacts of climate change on the toxic risk associated with Ostreopsis blooms in both NW Mediterranean Sea and NE Atlantic coast is further discussed, taking into account variations in the geographic distribution, growth abilities and toxicity of each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Drouet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS - Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (UMR 7093), Villefranche-sur-Mer, 06230, France; Ifremer, DYNECO/Pelagos, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - R Lemée
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS - Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (UMR 7093), Villefranche-sur-Mer, 06230, France
| | - E Guilloud
- Ifremer, DYNECO/Pelagos, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - S Schmitt
- Ifremer, DYNECO/Pelagos, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - A Laza-Martinez
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, 48940, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (Plentzia Marine Station, PiE- UPV/EHU), Plentzia, 48620, Spain
| | - S Seoane
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, 48940, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (Plentzia Marine Station, PiE- UPV/EHU), Plentzia, 48620, Spain
| | - M Boutoute
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS - Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (UMR 7093), Villefranche-sur-Mer, 06230, France
| | - D Réveillon
- Ifremer, PHYTOX, Laboratoire METALG, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - F Hervé
- Ifremer, PHYTOX, Laboratoire METALG, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - R Siano
- Ifremer, DYNECO/Pelagos, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - C Jauzein
- Ifremer, DYNECO/Pelagos, F-29280, Plouzané, France
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Gelzinis A, Chmeliov J, Tutkus M, Vitulskienė E, Franckevičius M, Büchel C, Robert B, Valkunas L. Fluorescence quenching in aggregates of fucoxanthin-chlorophyll protein complexes: Interplay of fluorescing and dark states. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149030. [PMID: 38163538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.149030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Diatoms, a major group of algae, account for about a quarter of the global primary production on Earth. These photosynthetic organisms face significant challenges due to light intensity variations in their underwater habitat. To avoid photodamage, they have developed very efficient non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) mechanisms. These mechanisms originate in their light-harvesting antenna - the fucoxanthin-chlorophyll protein (FCP) complexes. Spectroscopic studies of NPQ in vivo are often hindered by strongly overlapping signals from the photosystems and their antennae. Fortunately, in vitro FCP aggregates constitute a useful model system to study fluorescence (FL) quenching in diatoms. In this work, we present streak-camera FL measurements on FCPa and FCPb complexes, isolated from a centric diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana, and their aggregates. We find that spectra of non-aggregated FCP are dominated by a single fluorescing species, but the FL spectra of FCP aggregates additionally contain contributions from a redshifted emissive state. We relate this red state to a charge transfer state between chlorophyll c and chlorophyll a molecules. The FL quenching, on the other hand, is due to an additional dark state that involves incoherent energy transfer to the fucoxanthin carotenoids. Overall, the global picture of energy transfer and quenching in FCP aggregates is very similar to that of major light-harvesting complexes in higher plants (LHCII), but microscopic details between FCPs and LHCIIs differ significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrius Gelzinis
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 9-III, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jevgenij Chmeliov
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 9-III, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marijonas Tutkus
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ernesta Vitulskienė
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marius Franckevičius
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bruno Robert
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Leonas Valkunas
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 9-III, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Morelli L, Cartaxana P, Cruz S. Food shaped photosynthesis: Photophysiology of the sea slug Elysia viridis fed with two alternative chloroplast donors. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2024; 3:107. [PMID: 38725452 PMCID: PMC11079582 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.16162.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Some Sacoglossa sea slugs steal and integrate chloroplasts derived from the algae they feed on into their cells where they continue to function photosynthetically, a process termed kleptoplasty. The stolen chloroplasts - kleptoplasts - can maintain their functionality up to several months and support animal metabolism. However, chloroplast longevity can vary depending on sea slug species and algal donor. In this study, we focused on Elysia viridis, a polyphagous species that is mostly found associated with the macroalga Codium tomentosum, but that was reported to eat other macroalgae, including Chaetomorpha sp. Methods We have investigated the changes in E. viridis physiology when provided with the two different food sources to evaluate to which extent the photosynthetic and photoprotective mechanisms of the algae chloroplasts matched those of the plastids once in the animal cells. To perform the study, we rely on the evaluation of chlorophyll a variable fluorescence to study the photophysiological state of the integrated kleptoplasts and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to study variations in the photosynthetic pigments. Results We observed that the photosynthetic efficiency of E. viridis is lower when fed with Chaetomorpha. Also, significant differences were observed in the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) abilities of the sea slugs. While sea slugs fed with C. tomentosum react similarly to high-light stress as the alga, E. viridis hosting Chaetomorpha chloroplasts were unable to properly recover from photoinhibition or perform a functional xanthophyll cycle (XC). Conclusions Our results showed that, even if the sea slugs fed with the two algae show photosynthetic activities like the respective algal donors, not all the photoprotective mechanisms present in Chaetomorpha can be maintained in E. viridis. This indicates that the functionality of the kleptoplasts does not depend solely on their origin but also on the degree of compatibility with the animal species integrating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Morelli
- CESAM – Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Aveiro District, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cartaxana
- CESAM – Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Aveiro District, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Sónia Cruz
- CESAM – Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Aveiro District, 3810-193, Portugal
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Rocha GS, Lopes LFP, Melão MGG. Phosphorus limitation combined with aluminum triggers synergistic responses on the freshwater microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata (Chlorophyceae). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141320. [PMID: 38296208 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
In the environment, algae are exposed to several stressors such as limitation of essential nutrients and excess of toxic substances. It is well known the importance of phosphorus (P) supply for healthy metabolism of algae and impacts at this level can affect the whole aquatic trophic chain. Aluminum (Al) is the most abundant metal on Earth and it is toxic to different trophic levels. Processes related to P and Al assimilation still need to be clarified and little is known about the responses of microalgae exposed to the two stressors simultaneously. We evaluated the effects of environmental concentrations of Al and P limitation, isolated and in combination, on growth, pigment production and photosynthesis of the freshwater microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata. Both stressors affected cell density, chlorophyll a, carotenoids, and maximum quantum yield. Al did not affect any other evaluated parameter, while P limitation affected parameters related to the dissipation of heat by algae and the maximum electron transport rate, decreasing the saturation irradiance. In the combination of both stressors, all parameters evaluated were affected in a synergistic way, i.e., the results were more harmful than expected considering the responses to isolated stressors. Our results indicate that photoprotection mechanisms of algae were efficient in the presence of both stressors, avoiding damages to the photosynthetic apparatus. In addition, our data highlight the higher susceptibility of R. subcapitata to Al in P-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giseli S Rocha
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Química, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Av. Països Catalans, 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Laís F P Lopes
- NEEA/CRHEA, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (EESC/USP), Avenida Trabalhador Sãocarlense, 400, Parque Arnold Schmidt, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria G G Melão
- Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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10
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Morelli L, Havurinne V, Madeira D, Martins P, Cartaxana P, Cruz S. Photoprotective mechanisms in Elysia species hosting Acetabularia chloroplasts shed light on host-donor compatibility in photosynthetic sea slugs. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14273. [PMID: 38566156 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Sacoglossa sea slugs have garnered attention due to their ability to retain intracellular functional chloroplasts from algae, while degrading other algal cell components. While protective mechanisms that limit oxidative damage under excessive light are well documented in plants and algae, the photoprotective strategies employed by these photosynthetic sea slugs remain unresolved. Species within the genus Elysia are known to retain chloroplasts from various algal sources, but the extent to which the metabolic processes from the donor algae can be sustained by the sea slugs is unclear. By comparing responses to high-light conditions through kinetic analyses, molecular techniques, and biochemical assays, this study shows significant differences between two photosynthetic Elysia species with chloroplasts derived from the green alga Acetabularia acetabulum. Notably, Elysia timida displayed remarkable tolerance to high-light stress and sophisticated photoprotective mechanisms such as an active xanthophyll cycle, efficient D1 protein recycling, accumulation of heat-shock proteins and α-tocopherol. In contrast, Elysia crispata exhibited absence or limitations in these photoprotective strategies. Our findings emphasize the intricate relationship between the host animal and the stolen chloroplasts, highlighting different capacities to protect the photosynthetic organelle from oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Morelli
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vesa Havurinne
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Madeira
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Martins
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cartaxana
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Cruz
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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11
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Zotti M, Mazzoleni S, Mercaldo LV, Della Noce M, Ferrara M, Veneri PD, Diano M, Esposito S, Cartenì F. Testing the effect of semi-transparent spectrally selective thin film photovoltaics for agrivoltaic application: A multi-experimental and multi-specific approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26323. [PMID: 38404824 PMCID: PMC10884478 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of photovoltaic technologies within the agricultural framework, known as agrivoltaics, emerges as a promising and sustainable solution to meet the growing global demands for energy and food production. This innovative technology enables the simultaneous utilization of sunlight for both photovoltaics (PV) and photosynthesis. A key challenge in agrivoltaic research involves identifying technologies applicable to a wide range of plant species and diverse geographic regions. To address this challenge, we adopt a multi-experimental and multi-species approach to assess the viability of semi-transparent, spectrally selective thin-film silicon PV technology. Our findings demonstrate compatibility with crop production in controlled environments for both plants and algae. Notably, selective thin-film PV exhibits the potential to enhance crop yields and serves as a photo-protectant. We observe that plant and algal growth increases beneath the selective PV film when supplemented with appropriate diffuse light in the growth environment. Conversely, in situations where light intensity exceeds optimal levels for plant growth, the selective PV film provides a photo-protective effect. These results suggest potential supplementary benefits of employing this technology in regions characterized by excessive light irradiation, where it can contribute to healthy plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Zotti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Na, Italy
| | - Stefano Mazzoleni
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Na, Italy
| | - Lucia V Mercaldo
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Portici Research Center, Piazzale E. Fermi, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Marco Della Noce
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Portici Research Center, Piazzale E. Fermi, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferrara
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Portici Research Center, Piazzale E. Fermi, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Paola Delli Veneri
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Portici Research Center, Piazzale E. Fermi, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Marcello Diano
- M2M Engineering Sas, Via Coroglio, 57, Science Center, 80124, Naples, Italy
- NoSelf AND BV, Robert Schumandomein, 2 Maastricht, NL-6229, ES, the Netherlands
| | - Serena Esposito
- M2M Engineering Sas, Via Coroglio, 57, Science Center, 80124, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cartenì
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Na, Italy
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12
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Doose C, Hubas C. The metabolites of light: Untargeted metabolomic approaches bring new clues to understand light-driven acclimation of intertidal mudflat biofilm. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168692. [PMID: 38008320 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The microphytobenthos (MPB), a microbial community of primary producers, play a key role in coastal ecosystem functioning, particularly in intertidal mudflats. These mudflats experience challenging variations of irradiance, forcing the micro-organisms to develop photoprotective mechanisms to survive and thrive in this dynamic environment. Two major adaptations to light are well described in literature: the excess of light energy dissipation through non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and the vertical migration in the sediment. These mechanisms trigger considerable scientific interest, but the biological processes and metabolic mechanisms involved in light-driven vertical migration remain largely unknown. To our knowledge, this study investigates for the first time metabolomic responses of a migrational mudflat biofilm exposed for 30 min to a light gradient of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from 50 to 1000 μmol photons m-2 s-1. The untargeted metabolomic analysis allowed to identify metabolites involved in two types of responses to light irradiance levels. On the one hand, the production of SFAs and MUFAs, primarily derived from bacteria, indicates a healthy photosynthetic state of MPB under low light (LL; 50 and 100 PAR) and medium light (ML; 250 PAR) conditions. Conversely, when exposed to high light (HL; 500, 750 and 1000 PAR), the MPB experienced light-induced stress, triggering the production of alka(e)nes and fatty alcohols. The physiological and ecological roles of these compounds are poorly described in literature. This study sheds new light on the topic, as it suggests that these compounds may play a crucial and previously unexplored role in light-induced stress acclimation of migrational MPB biofilms. Since alka(e)nes are produced from FAs decarboxylation, these results thus emphasize for the first time the importance of FAs pathways in microphytobenthic biofilms acclimation to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Doose
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR BOREA, MNHN-CNRS-UCN-UPMC-IRD-UA, Station Marine de Concarneau, Concarneau, France.
| | - Cédric Hubas
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR BOREA, MNHN-CNRS-UCN-UPMC-IRD-UA, Station Marine de Concarneau, Concarneau, France.
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13
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Morelle J, Bastos A, Frankenbach S, Frommlet JC, Campbell DA, Lavaud J, Serôdio J. The Photoprotective Behavior of a Motile Benthic Diatom as Elucidated from the Interplay Between Cell Motility and Physiological Responses to a Light Microgradient Using a Novel Experimental Setup. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:40. [PMID: 38351424 PMCID: PMC10864569 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
It has long been hypothesized that benthic motile pennate diatoms use phototaxis to optimize photosynthesis and minimize photoinhibitory damage by adjusting their position within vertical light gradients in coastal benthic sediments. However, experimental evidence to test this hypothesis remains inconclusive, mainly due to methodological difficulties in studying cell behavior and photosynthesis over realistic spatial microscale gradients of irradiance and cell position. In this study, a novel experimental approach was developed and used to test the hypothesis of photosynthesis optimization through motility, based on the combination of single-cell in vivo chlorophyll fluorometry and microfluidic chips. The approach allows the concurrent study of behavior and photosynthetic activity of individual cells of the epipelic diatom species Craspedostauros britannicus exposed to a light microgradient of realistic dimensions, simulating the irradiance and distance scales of light microgradients in benthic sediments. Following exposure to light, (i) cells explored their light environment before initiating light-directed motility; (ii) cells used motility to lower their light dose, when exposed to the highest light intensities; and (iii) motility was combined with reversible non-photochemical quenching, to allow cells to avoid photoinhibition. The results of this proof-of-concept study not only strongly support the photoprotective nature of photobehavior in the studied species but also revealed considerable variability in how individual cells reacted to a light microgradient. The experimental setup can be readily applied to study motility and photosynthetic light responses of other diatom species or natural assemblages, as well as other photoautotrophic motile microorganisms, broadening the toolset for experimental microbial ecology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Morelle
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Alexandra Bastos
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Silja Frankenbach
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jörg C Frommlet
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Johann Lavaud
- LEMAR-Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, UMR 6539 CNRS, Univ Brest, Ifremer, IRD, Institut Universitaire Européen de La Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Plouzané, France
| | - João Serôdio
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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14
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Rocha GS, Melão MGG. Does cobalt antagonize P limitation effects on photosynthetic parameters on the freshwater microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata (Chlorophyceae), or does P limitation acclimation antagonize cobalt effects? More questions than answers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122998. [PMID: 37995955 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P; macronutrient) and cobalt (Co; micronutrient) are essential for algal healthy metabolism. While P provides energy, Co is a co-factor of several enzymes and component of B12 vitamin. However, in concentrations higher or lower than required, P and Co alter algal metabolism, impacting physiological processes (e.g., growth and photosynthesis), usually in a harmful way. In the environment, algae are exposed to multiple stressors simultaneously and studies evaluating the algal response to the combination of macronutrient limitation and micronutrient excess are still scarce. We assessed the effects of P limitation and Co excess, isolated and combined, in Raphidocelis subcapitata (Chlorophyceae), in terms of growth, pigments production, and photosynthetic parameters. Except for the photochemical quenching (qP) and the efficiency in light capture (α) under P limitation, all parameters were affected by both stressors, isolated and combined. Under P limitation, chlorophyll a was the most sensitive parameter; while excess of Co affected most the photoprotective mechanisms of algae, altering the non-photochemical quenchings qN and NPQ, influencing the light use and dissipation of heat by algae. The combination of two stressors resulted in a significant decrease in algal growth, with synergistic responses in growth and pigments production, and antagonism in the photosynthetic parameters. We suggest that algal metabolism was altered during P limitation acclimation and the excess of Co was used in a beneficial way by P-limited algae in photosynthesis, resulting in the well-functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus in the combination of both stressors. However, more studies are needed to understand which mechanisms are involved in this adaptation which resulted in antagonism in photosynthetic processes and synergism in growth and pigments production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giseli Swerts Rocha
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Química, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Av. Països Catalans, 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Maria Graça Gama Melão
- Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, CEP, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Tamaki S, Shinomura T, Mochida K. Illuminating the diversity of carotenoids in microalgal eyespots and phototaxis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2257348. [PMID: 37724547 PMCID: PMC10512927 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2257348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms biosynthesize various carotenoids, a group of light-absorbing isoprenoid pigments that have key functions in photosynthesis, photoprotection, and phototaxis. Microalgae, in particular, contain diverse carotenoids and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways as a consequence of the various endosymbiotic events in their evolutionary history. Carotenoids such as astaxanthin, diadinoxanthin, and fucoxanthin are unique to algae. In microalgae, carotenoids are concentrated in the eyespot, a pigmented organelle that is important for phototaxis. A wide range of microalgae, including chlorophytes, euglenophytes, ochrophytes, and haptophytes, have an eyespot. In the chlorophyte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, carotenoid layers in the eyespot reflect light to amplify the photosignal and shield photoreceptors from light, thereby enabling precise phototaxis. Our recent research revealed that, in contrast to the β-carotene-rich eyespot of C. reinhardtii, the euglenophyte Euglena gracilis relies on zeaxanthin for stable eyespot formation and phototaxis. In this review, we highlight recent advancements in the study of eyespot carotenoids and phototaxis in these microalgae, placing special emphasis on the diversity of carotenoid-dependent visual systems among microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tamaki
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shinomura
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Microalgae Resource Upcycling Research Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- School of Information and Data Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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16
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Seger M, Mammadova F, Villegas-Valencia M, Bastos de Freitas B, Chang C, Isachsen I, Hemstreet H, Abualsaud F, Boring M, Lammers PJ, Lauersen KJ. Engineered ketocarotenoid biosynthesis in the polyextremophilic red microalga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D. Metab Eng Commun 2023; 17:e00226. [PMID: 37449053 PMCID: PMC10336515 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2023.e00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The polyextremophilic Cyanidiophyceae are eukaryotic red microalgae with promising biotechnological properties arising from their low pH and elevated temperature requirements which can minimize culture contamination at scale. Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D is a cell wall deficient species with a fully sequenced genome that is amenable to nuclear transgene integration by targeted homologous recombination. C. merolae maintains a minimal carotenoid profile and here, we sought to determine its capacity for ketocarotenoid accumulation mediated by heterologous expression of a green algal β-carotene ketolase (BKT) and hydroxylase (CHYB). To achieve this, a synthetic transgene expression cassette system was built to integrate and express Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cr) sourced enzymes by fusing native C. merolae transcription, translation and chloroplast targeting signals to codon-optimized coding sequences. Chloramphenicol resistance was used to select for the integration of synthetic linear DNAs into a neutral site within the host genome. CrBKT expression caused accumulation of canthaxanthin and adonirubin as major carotenoids while co-expression of CrBKT with CrCHYB generated astaxanthin as the major carotenoid in C. merolae. Unlike green algae and plants, ketocarotenoid accumulation in C. merolae did not reduce total carotenoid contents, but chlorophyll a reduction was observed. Light intensity affected global ratios of all pigments but not individual pigment compositions and phycocyanin contents were not markedly different between parental strain and transformants. Continuous illumination was found to encourage biomass accumulation and all strains could be cultivated in simulated summer conditions from two different extreme desert environments. Our findings present the first example of carotenoid metabolic engineering in a red eukaryotic microalga and open the possibility for use of C. merolae 10D for simultaneous production of phycocyanin and ketocarotenoid pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Seger
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7418 Innovation Way South, Mesa, AZ, 85212, United States
| | - Fakhriyya Mammadova
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7418 Innovation Way South, Mesa, AZ, 85212, United States
| | - Melany Villegas-Valencia
- Bioengineering Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bárbara Bastos de Freitas
- Bioengineering Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Clarissa Chang
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7418 Innovation Way South, Mesa, AZ, 85212, United States
| | - Iona Isachsen
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7418 Innovation Way South, Mesa, AZ, 85212, United States
| | - Haley Hemstreet
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7418 Innovation Way South, Mesa, AZ, 85212, United States
| | - Fatimah Abualsaud
- Bioengineering Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Malia Boring
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7418 Innovation Way South, Mesa, AZ, 85212, United States
| | - Peter J. Lammers
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7418 Innovation Way South, Mesa, AZ, 85212, United States
| | - Kyle J. Lauersen
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7418 Innovation Way South, Mesa, AZ, 85212, United States
- Bioengineering Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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17
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Fabbrizzi E, Munari M, Fraschetti S, Arena C, Chiarore A, Cannavacciuolo A, Colletti A, Costanzo G, Soler-Fajardo A, Nannini M, Savinelli B, Silvestrini C, Vitale E, Tamburello L. Canopy-forming macroalgae can adapt to marine heatwaves. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117218. [PMID: 37778611 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Seawater warming and marine heatwaves (MHWs) have a major role on the fragmentation and loss of coastal marine habitats. Understanding the resilience and potential for adaptation of marine habitat forming species to ocean warming becomes pivotal for predicting future changes, improving present conservation and restoration strategies. In this study, a thermo-tolerance experiment was conducted to investigate the physiological effects of short vs long MHWs occurring at different timing on recruits of Gongolaria barbata, a canopy-forming species widespread in the Mediterranean Sea. The recruits were collected from a population of the Marine Protected Area of Porto Cesareo (Apulia, Ionian Sea). Recruits length, PSII maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), photosynthetic pigments content, concentrations of antioxidant compounds and total antioxidant activity (DPPH) were the response variables measured during the experiment. Univariate asymmetrical analyses highlighted that all physiological variables were significantly affected by both the duration and the timing of the thermal stress with the only exception of recruits length. The higher Fv/Fm ratio, chlorophylls and carotenoids content, and antioxidant compounds concentration in recruits exposed to long-term stress likely indicate an acclimation of thalli to the new environmental conditions and hence, an increased tolerance of G. barbata to thermal stress. Results also suggest that the mechanisms of adaptation activated in response to thermal stress did not affect the natural growth rate of recruits. Overall, this study supports the hypothesis that canopy-forming species can adapt to future climate conditions demonstrating a physiological acclimation to cope with MHWs, providing strong evidence that adaptation of marine species to thermal stress is more frequent than expected, this contributing to design tailored conservation and restoration strategies for marine coastal habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Fabbrizzi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia (Naples), Italy; CoNISMa, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Munari
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia (Naples), Italy; Department of Biology, Stazione Idrobiologica Umberto D'Ancona, University of Padova, Chioggia (Venice), Italy
| | - Simonetta Fraschetti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; CoNISMa, Rome, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Antonia Chiarore
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia (Naples), Italy
| | - Antonio Cannavacciuolo
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia (Naples), Italy
| | - Alberto Colletti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; CoNISMa, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Costanzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ana Soler-Fajardo
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia (Naples), Italy
| | - Matteo Nannini
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia (Naples), Italy
| | | | - Chiara Silvestrini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; CoNISMa, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Tamburello
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90142 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
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18
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Lacour T, Robert E, Lavaud J. Sustained xanthophyll pigments-related photoprotective NPQ is involved in photoinhibition in the haptophyte Tisochrysis lutea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14694. [PMID: 37679420 PMCID: PMC10484918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic xanthophyll cycle (XC) related non-photochemical quenching (NPQd, also called qE) is present in most phototrophs. It allows dissipating excess light energy under adverse growing conditions. Generally, NPQd rapidly reverses for photosynthesis to resume when light intensity decreases back toward optimal intensity. Under certain environmental conditions and/or in some species, NPQ can be strongly sustained (NPQs showing hours-to-days relaxation kinetics). Tisochrysis lutea is a South Pacific haptophyte phytoplankton with a strong potential for aquaculture and biotechnology applications. It was previously reported to show a surprisingly low NPQd capacity while synthesizing large amounts of diatoxanthin (Dt), a pigment involved in the XC. In order to better understand this paradox, we investigated the characteristics of NPQ in T. lutea under various growth conditions of light and nutrient availability (different photoperiods, low and high light, nutrient starvations). We found a strong NPQs, unmeasurable with usual fluorometry protocols. Along with confirming the involvement of Dt in both NPQd and NPQs (by using the dithiothreitol inhibitor), we highlighted a strong relationship between Dt and the maximum quantum yield of photochemistry (Fv/Fm) across growing conditions and during relaxation experiments in darkness. It suggests that changes in Fv/Fm, usually attributed to the 'photoinhibitory' quenching (qI), are simultaneously largely impacted by photoprotective NPQ. The overlap of xanthophyll pigments-related photoprotective NPQ with several other mechanisms involved in the cell response (Photosystem II photoinactivation, changes in pigments composition, and detoxification by antioxidants) to energy unbalance is further discussed. Our findings question both how widespread NPQs is in the global ocean, particularly in nutrient starved environments (oligotrophic waters) and situations (post-bloom), and the use of adapted active fluorescence protocols (i.e. with extended NPQ relaxation period prior to measurement).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lacour
- Ifremer, PHYTOX, PHYSALG, 44000, Nantes, France.
| | - E Robert
- Ifremer, PHYTOX, GENALG, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - J Lavaud
- UMR 6539 LEMAR-Laboratory of Environmental Marine Sciences, CNRS/Univ Brest/Ifremer/IRD, IUEM-Institut Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
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19
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Cao T, Bai Y, Buschbeck P, Tan Q, Cantrell MB, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Liu RZ, Ries NK, Shi X, Sun Y, Ware MA, Yang F, Zhang H, Han J, Zhang L, Huang J, Lohr M, Peers G, Li X. An unexpected hydratase synthesizes the green light-absorbing pigment fucoxanthin. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3053-3072. [PMID: 37100425 PMCID: PMC10396388 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The ketocarotenoid fucoxanthin and its derivatives can absorb blue-green light enriched in marine environments. Fucoxanthin is widely adopted by phytoplankton species as a main light-harvesting pigment, in contrast to land plants that primarily employ chlorophylls. Despite its supreme abundance in the oceans, the last steps of fucoxanthin biosynthesis have remained elusive. Here, we identified the carotenoid isomerase-like protein CRTISO5 as the diatom fucoxanthin synthase that is related to the carotenoid cis-trans isomerase CRTISO from land plants but harbors unexpected enzymatic activity. A crtiso5 knockout mutant in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum completely lacked fucoxanthin and accumulated the acetylenic carotenoid phaneroxanthin. Recombinant CRTISO5 converted phaneroxanthin into fucoxanthin in vitro by hydrating its carbon-carbon triple bond, instead of functioning as an isomerase. Molecular docking and mutational analyses revealed residues essential for this activity. Furthermore, a photophysiological characterization of the crtiso5 mutant revealed a major structural and functional role of fucoxanthin in photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes of diatoms. As CRTISO5 hydrates an internal alkyne physiologically, the enzyme has unique potential for biocatalytic applications. The discovery of CRTISO5 illustrates how neofunctionalization leads to major diversification events in evolution of photosynthetic mechanisms and the prominent brown coloration of most marine photosynthetic eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Paul Buschbeck
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Qiaozhu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Michael B Cantrell
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Yinjuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Instrumentation and Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yanyou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Run-Zhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Nana K Ries
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaohuo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Instrumentation and Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Maxwell A Ware
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Fenghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jichang Han
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Martin Lohr
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Graham Peers
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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20
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Zarekarizi A, Hoffmann L, Burritt DJ. The potential of manipulating light in the commercial production of carotenoids from algae. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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21
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The Functions of Chloroplastic Ascorbate in Vascular Plants and Algae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032537. [PMID: 36768860 PMCID: PMC9916717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate (Asc) is a multifunctional metabolite essential for various cellular processes in plants and animals. The best-known property of Asc is to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), in a highly regulated manner. Besides being an effective antioxidant, Asc also acts as a chaperone for 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases that are involved in the hormone metabolism of plants and the synthesis of various secondary metabolites. Asc also essential for the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, signaling and iron transport. Thus, Asc affects plant growth, development, and stress resistance via various mechanisms. In this review, the intricate relationship between Asc and photosynthesis in plants and algae is summarized in the following major points: (i) regulation of Asc biosynthesis by light, (ii) interaction between photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transport in relation to Asc biosynthesis, (iii) Asc acting as an alternative electron donor of photosystem II, (iv) Asc inactivating the oxygen-evolving complex, (v) the role of Asc in non-photochemical quenching, and (vi) the role of Asc in ROS management in the chloroplast. The review also discusses differences in the regulation of Asc biosynthesis and the effects of Asc on photosynthesis in algae and vascular plants.
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22
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Chai X, Zheng L, Liu J, Zhan J, Song L. Comparison of photosynthetic responses between haptophyte Phaeocystis globosa and diatom Skeletonema costatum under phosphorus limitation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1085176. [PMID: 36756351 PMCID: PMC9899818 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1085176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The diatom Skeletonema costatum and the haptophyte Phaeocystis globosa often form blooms in the coastal waters of the South China Sea. Skeletonema costatum commonly dominates in nutrient enrichment coastal waters, whereas P. globosa starts flourishing after the diatom blooms when phosphorus (P) is limited. Therefore, P limitation was proposed to be a critical factor affecting diatom-haptophyte transition. To elucidate the tolerance to P limitation in P. globosa compared with S. costatum, the effect of P limitation on their photosystem II (PSII) performance was investigated and their photosynthesis acclimation strategies in response to P limitation were evaluated. P limitation did not affect the growth of P. globosa over 7 days but decreased it for S. costatum. Correspondingly, the PSII activity of S. costatum was significantly inhibited by P limitation. The decline in PSII activity in S. costatum under P limitation was associated with the impairment of the oxygen-evolving complex (the donor side of PSII), the hindrance of electron transport from QA - to QB (the acceptor side of PSII), and the inhibition of electron transport to photosystem I (PSI). The 100% decrease in D1 protein level of S. costatum after P limitation for 6 days and PsbO protein level after 2 days of P limitation were attributed to its enhanced photoinhibition. In contrast, P. globosa maintained its photosynthetic activity with minor impairment of the function of PSII. With accelerated PSII repair and highly increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), P. globosa can avoid serious PSII damage under P limitation. On the contrary, S. costatum decreased its D1 restoration under P limitation, and the maximum NPQ value in S. costatum was only one-sixth of that in P. globosa. The present work provides extensive evidence that a close interaction exists between the tolerance to P limitation and photosynthetic responses of S. costatum and P. globosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Jiao Zhan, ✉
| | - Lirong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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23
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Goss R, Volke D, Werner LE, Kunz R, Kansy M, Hoffmann R, Wilhelm C. Isolation of fucoxanthin chlorophyll protein complexes of the centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana associated with the xanthophyll cycle enzyme diadinoxanthin de-epoxidase. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:66-76. [PMID: 35557488 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, low concentrations of the very mild detergent n-dodecyl-α-d-maltoside in conjunction with sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation were used to prepare fucoxanthin chlorophyll protein (FCP) complexes of the centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Two main FCP fractions were observed in the sucrose gradients, one in the upper part and one at high sucrose concentrations in the lower part of the gradient. The first fraction was dominated by the 18 kDa FCP protein band in SDS-gels. Since this fraction also contained other protein bands, it was designated as fraction enriched in FCP-A complex. The second fraction contained mainly the 21 kDa FCP band, which is typical for the FCP-B complex. Determination of the lipid composition showed that both FCP fractions contained monogalactosyl diacylglycerol as the main lipid followed by the second galactolipid of the thylakoid membrane, namely digalactosyl diacylglycerol. The negatively charged lipids sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol and phosphatidyl glycerol were also present in both fractions in pronounced concentrations. With respect to the pigment composition, the fraction enriched in FCP-A contained a higher amount of the xanthophyll cycle pigments diadinoxanthin (DD) and diatoxanthin (Dt), whereas the FCP-B fraction was characterized by a lower ratio of xanthophyll cycle pigments to the light-harvesting pigment fucoxanthin. Protein analysis by mass spectrometry revealed that in both FCP fractions the xanthophyll cycle enzyme diadinoxanthin de-epoxidase (DDE) was present. In addition, the analysis showed an enrichment of DDE in the fraction enriched in FCP-A but only a very low amount of DDE in the FCP-B fraction. In-vitro de-epoxidation assays, employing the isolated FCP complexes, were characterized by an inefficient conversion of DD to Dt. However, in line with the heterogeneous DDE distribution, the fraction enriched in FCP-A showed a more pronounced DD de-epoxidation compared with the FCP-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reimund Goss
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Volke
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ronja Kunz
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcel Kansy
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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24
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Abstract
Kleptoplasty, the process by which a host organism sequesters and retains algal chloroplasts, is relatively common in protists. The origin of the plastid varies, as do the length of time it is retained in the host and the functionality of the association. In metazoa, the capacity for long-term (several weeks to months) maintenance of photosynthetically active chloroplasts is a unique characteristic of a handful of sacoglossan sea slugs. This capability has earned these slugs the epithets "crawling leaves" and "solar-powered sea slugs." This Unsolved Mystery explores the basis of chloroplast maintenance and function and attempts to clarify contradictory results in the published literature. We address some of the mysteries of this remarkable association. Why are functional chloroplasts retained? And how is the function of stolen chloroplasts maintained without the support of the algal nucleus?
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25
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Bai Y, Cao T, Dautermann O, Buschbeck P, Cantrell MB, Chen Y, Lein CD, Shi X, Ware MA, Yang F, Zhang H, Zhang L, Peers G, Li X, Lohr M. Green diatom mutants reveal an intricate biosynthetic pathway of fucoxanthin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203708119. [PMID: 36095219 PMCID: PMC9499517 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203708119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a major light-harvesting pigment in ecologically important algae such as diatoms, haptophytes, and brown algae (Phaeophyceae). Therefore, it is a major driver of global primary productivity. Species of these algal groups are brown colored because the high amounts of fucoxanthin bound to the proteins of their photosynthetic machineries enable efficient absorption of green light. While the structure of these fucoxanthin-chlorophyll proteins has recently been resolved, the biosynthetic pathway of fucoxanthin is still unknown. Here, we identified two enzymes central to this pathway by generating corresponding knockout mutants of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum that are green due to the lack of fucoxanthin. Complementation of the mutants with the native genes or orthologs from haptophytes restored fucoxanthin biosynthesis. We propose a complete biosynthetic path to fucoxanthin in diatoms and haptophytes based on the carotenoid intermediates identified in the mutants and in vitro biochemical assays. It is substantially more complex than anticipated and reveals diadinoxanthin metabolism as the central regulatory hub connecting the photoprotective xanthophyll cycle and the formation of fucoxanthin. Moreover, our data show that the pathway evolved by repeated duplication and neofunctionalization of genes for the xanthophyll cycle enzymes violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin epoxidase. Brown algae lack diadinoxanthin and the genes described here and instead use an alternative pathway predicted to involve fewer enzymes. Our work represents a major step forward in elucidating the biosynthesis of fucoxanthin and understanding the evolution, biogenesis, and regulation of the photosynthetic machinery in algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878
| | - Tianjun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Oliver Dautermann
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Buschbeck
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael B. Cantrell
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878
| | - Yinjuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Instrumentation and Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Christopher D. Lein
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaohuo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Instrumentation and Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Maxwell A. Ware
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878
| | - Fenghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Graham Peers
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Martin Lohr
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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26
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Zhou D, Meng R, Xiao P, Chang T, Li Y, Han J, Cheng P, Zhou C, Yan X. Frequent antibiotic exposure stabilized the associated bacterial community while altering physiological and biochemical characteristics of the coccolithophore Chrysotila roscoffensis. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Aburai N, Onda T, Fujii K. Carotenogenesis and carotenoid esterification in biofilms of the microalga Coelastrella rubescens KGU-Y002 in the aerial phase. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Lou Y, Sun H, Zhu C, Yang K, Li X, Gao Z. PeVDE, a violaxanthin de-epoxidase gene from moso bamboo, confers photoprotection ability in transgenic Arabidopsis under high light. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:927949. [PMID: 36035723 PMCID: PMC9403991 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.927949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants employ an array of photoprotection mechanisms to alleviate the harmful effects of high light intensity. The violaxanthin cycle, which is associated with non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), involves violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE), and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) and is one of the most rapid and efficient mechanisms protecting plants under high light intensity. Woody bamboo is a class of economically and ecologically important evergreen grass species widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. However, the function of VDE in bamboo has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we found that high light intensity increased NPQ and stimulated the de-epoxidation of violaxanthin cycle components in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), whereas, samples treated with the VDE inhibitor (dithiothreitol) exhibited lower NPQ capacity, suggesting that violaxanthin cycle plays an important role in the photoprotection of bamboo. Further analysis showed that not only high light intensity but also extreme temperatures (4 and 42°C) and drought stress upregulated the expression of PeVDE in bamboo leaves, indicating that PeVDE is induced by multiple abiotic stresses. Overexpression of PeVDE under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter in Arabidopsis mutant npq1 mutant could rescue its NPQ, indicating that PeVDE functions in dissipating the excess absorbed light energy as thermal energy in bamboo. Moreover, compared with wild-type (Col-0) plants, the transgenic plants overexpressing PeVDE displayed enhanced photoprotection ability, higher NPQ capacity, slower decline in the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F v /F m ) under high light intensity, and faster recovery under optimal conditions. These results suggest that PeVDE positively regulates the response to high light intensity in bamboo plants growing in the natural environment, which could improve their photoprotection ability through the violaxanthin cycle and NPQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Lou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, China
| | - Huayu Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Kebin Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
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29
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Din NAS, Mohd Alayudin ‘AS, Sofian-Seng NS, Rahman HA, Mohd Razali NS, Lim SJ, Wan Mustapha WA. Brown Algae as Functional Food Source of Fucoxanthin: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:2235. [PMID: 35954003 PMCID: PMC9368577 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is an algae-specific xanthophyll of aquatic carotenoid. It is prevalent in brown seaweed because it functions as a light-harvesting complex for algal photosynthesis and photoprotection. Its exceptional chemical structure exhibits numerous biological activities that benefit human health. Due to these valuable properties, fucoxanthin's potential as a potent source for functional food, feed, and medicine is being explored extensively today. This article has thoroughly reviewed the availability and biosynthesis of fucoxanthin in the brown seaweed, as well as the mechanism behind it. We included the literature findings concerning the beneficial bioactivities of fucoxanthin such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anticancer, and other potential activities. Last, an additional view on its potential as a functional food ingredient has been discussed to facilitate a broader application of fucoxanthin as a promising bioactive compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Akmal Solehah Din
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.D.); (‘A.S.M.A.); (N.-S.S.-S.); (H.A.R.); (N.S.M.R.); (S.J.L.)
| | - ‘Ain Sajda Mohd Alayudin
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.D.); (‘A.S.M.A.); (N.-S.S.-S.); (H.A.R.); (N.S.M.R.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Noor-Soffalina Sofian-Seng
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.D.); (‘A.S.M.A.); (N.-S.S.-S.); (H.A.R.); (N.S.M.R.); (S.J.L.)
- Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hafeedza Abdul Rahman
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.D.); (‘A.S.M.A.); (N.-S.S.-S.); (H.A.R.); (N.S.M.R.); (S.J.L.)
- Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorul Syuhada Mohd Razali
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.D.); (‘A.S.M.A.); (N.-S.S.-S.); (H.A.R.); (N.S.M.R.); (S.J.L.)
- Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seng Joe Lim
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.D.); (‘A.S.M.A.); (N.-S.S.-S.); (H.A.R.); (N.S.M.R.); (S.J.L.)
- Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Aida Wan Mustapha
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.D.); (‘A.S.M.A.); (N.-S.S.-S.); (H.A.R.); (N.S.M.R.); (S.J.L.)
- Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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30
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The relationship between photosystem II regulation and light-dependent hydrogen production by microalgae. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:893-904. [DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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31
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Shao Z, Xie X, Liu X, Zheng Z, Huan L, Zhang B, Wang G. Overexpression of mitochondrial γCAL1 reveals a unique photoprotection mechanism in intertidal resurrection red algae through decreasing photorespiration. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Pajot A, Hao Huynh G, Picot L, Marchal L, Nicolau E. Fucoxanthin from Algae to Human, an Extraordinary Bioresource: Insights and Advances in up and Downstream Processes. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040222. [PMID: 35447895 PMCID: PMC9027613 DOI: 10.3390/md20040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a brown-colored pigment from algae, with great potential as a bioactive molecule due to its numerous properties. This review aims to present current knowledge on this high added-value pigment. An accurate analysis of the biological function of fucoxanthin explains its wide photon absorption capacities in golden-brown algae. The specific chemical structure of this pigment also leads to many functional activities in human health. They are outlined in this work and are supported by the latest studies in the literature. The scientific and industrial interest in fucoxanthin is correlated with great improvements in the development of algae cultures and downstream processes. The best fucoxanthin producing algae and their associated culture parameters are described. The light intensity is a major influencing factor, as it has to enable both a high biomass growth and a high fucoxanthin content. This review also insists on the most eco-friendly and innovative extraction methods and their perspective within the next years. The use of bio-based solvents, aqueous two-phase systems and the centrifugal partition chromatography are the most promising processes. The analysis of the global market and multiple applications of fucoxanthin revealed that Asian companies are major actors in the market with macroalgae. In addition, fucoxanthin from microalgae are currently produced in Israel and France, and are mostly authorized in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Pajot
- Ifremer, GENALG Laboratory, Unité PHYTOX, F-44000 Nantes, France; (G.H.H.); (E.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gia Hao Huynh
- Ifremer, GENALG Laboratory, Unité PHYTOX, F-44000 Nantes, France; (G.H.H.); (E.N.)
| | - Laurent Picot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7266 Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), Université La Rochelle, F-17042 La Rochelle, France;
| | - Luc Marchal
- Génie des Procédés Environnement (GEPEA), Université Nantes, F-44000 Saint Nazaire, France;
| | - Elodie Nicolau
- Ifremer, GENALG Laboratory, Unité PHYTOX, F-44000 Nantes, France; (G.H.H.); (E.N.)
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Jin P, Ji Y, Huang Q, Li P, Pan J, Lu H, Liang Z, Guo Y, Zhong J, Beardall J, Xia J. A reduction in metabolism explains the tradeoffs associated with the long-term adaptation of phytoplankton to high CO 2 concentrations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2155-2167. [PMID: 34907539 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton are responsible for nearly half of global primary productivity and play crucial roles in the Earth's biogeochemical cycles. However, the long-term adaptive responses of phytoplankton to rising CO2 remains unknown. Here we examine the physiological and proteomics responses of a marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, following long-term (c. 900 generations) selection to high CO2 conditions. Our results show that this diatom responds to long-term high CO2 selection by downregulating proteins involved in energy production (Calvin cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, oxidative pentose phosphate pathway), with a subsequent decrease in photosynthesis and respiration. Nearly similar extents of downregulation of photosynthesis and respiration allow the high CO2 -adapted populations to allocate the same fraction of carbon to growth, thereby maintaining their fitness during the long-term high CO2 selection. These results indicate an important role of metabolism reduction under high CO2 and shed new light on the adaptive mechanisms of phytoplankton in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan Ji
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Qingdao Technical College, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Quanting Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinmei Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hua Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhe Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingyan Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiahui Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, 3800, Australia
| | - Jianrong Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Li Y, Sun H, Wang Y, Yang S, Wang J, Wu T, Lu X, Chu Y, Chen F. Integrated metabolic tools reveal carbon alternative in Isochrysis zhangjiangensis for fucoxanthin improvement. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126401. [PMID: 34822985 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the regulation of photosystem and central carbon metabolism in cell growth and fucoxanthin accumulation of Isochrysis zhangjiangensis via transcriptome analysis, targeted metabolite measurements, and flux balance analysis. High light promoted biomass accumulation but dramatically decreased fucoxanthin productivity. It suppressed the active photosystem and reduced chlorophyll content, but improved metabolic flux of Calvin-Benson-Bassham and tricarboxylic acid cycle for massive biomass accumulation. The CO2 fixation was largely dependent on mitochondrial energy illustrated by the integrated metabolic tools. At a molecular level, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, acetyl-CoA, and pyruvate contents increased at exponential phase under high light, which tended to participate into fatty acid biosynthesis by the up-regulated ACCase. However, high light inhibited most genes involved in fucoxanthin biosynthesis and induced diadinoxanthin cycle to diatoxanthin form. Therefore, constant light at 100 μmol m-2 s-1 balancing biomass concentration and fucoxanthin content provided the highest fucoxanthin productivity at 3.06 mg L-1 d-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelian Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Beijing Chaoyang Foreign Language School, Beijing 100020, China; Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Han Sun
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Food Sustainabiome Lab, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shufang Yang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xue Lu
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yawen Chu
- Heze Zonghoo Jianyuan Biotech Co., Ltd, Heze 274000, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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van den Berg TE, Croce R. The Loroxanthin Cycle: A New Type of Xanthophyll Cycle in Green Algae (Chlorophyta). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:797294. [PMID: 35251077 PMCID: PMC8891138 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.797294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Xanthophyll cycles (XC) have proven to be major contributors to photoacclimation for many organisms. This work describes a light-driven XC operating in the chlorophyte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and involving the xanthophylls Lutein (L) and Loroxanthin (Lo). Pigments were quantified during a switch from high to low light (LL) and at different time points from cells grown in Day/Night cycle. Trimeric LHCII was purified from cells acclimated to high or LL and their pigment content and spectroscopic properties were characterized. The Lo/(L + Lo) ratio in the cells varies by a factor of 10 between cells grown in low or high light (HL) leading to a change in the Lo/(L + Lo) ratio in trimeric LHCII from .5 in low light to .07 in HL. Trimeric LhcbMs binding Loroxanthin have 5 ± 1% higher excitation energy (EE) transfer (EET) from carotenoid to Chlorophyll as well as higher thermo- and photostability than trimeric LhcbMs that only bind Lutein. The Loroxanthin cycle operates on long time scales (hours to days) and likely evolved as a shade adaptation. It has many similarities with the Lutein-epoxide - Lutein cycle (LLx) of plants.
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36
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Xie S, Lin F, Zhao X, Gao G. Enhanced lipid productivity coupled with carbon and nitrogen removal of the diatom Skeletonema costatum cultured in the high CO2 level. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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37
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Tselios C, Varotsis C. Evidence for reversible light-dependent transitions in the photosynthetic pigments of diatoms. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31555-31563. [PMID: 36380945 PMCID: PMC9631684 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05284a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine diatoms contribute to oxygenic photosynthesis and carbon fixation and handle large changes under variable light intensity on a regular basis. The unique light-harvesting apparatus of diatoms are the fucoxanthin–chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins (FCPs). Here, we show the enhancement of chlorophyll a/c (Chl a/c), fucoxanthin (Fx), and diadinoxanthin (Dd) marker bands in the Raman spectra of the centric diatom T. pseudonana, which allows distinction of the pigment content in the cells grown under low- (LL) and high-light (HL) intensity at room temperature. Reversible LL–HL dependent conformations of Chl c, characteristic of two conformations of the porphyrin macrocycle, and the presence of five- and six-coordinated Chl a/c with weak axial ligands are observed in the Raman data. Under HL the energy transfer from Chl c to Chl a is reduced and that from the red-shifted Fxs is minimal. Therefore, Chl c and the blue-shifted Fxs are the only contributors to the energy transfer pathways under HL and the blue- to red-shifted Fxs energy transfer pathway characteristic of the LL is inactive. The results indicate that T. pseudonana can redirect its function from light harvesting to energy-quenching state, and reversibly to light-harvesting upon subsequent illumination to LL by reproducing the red-shifted Fxs and decrease the number of Dds. The LL to HL reversible transitions are accompanied by structural modifications of Chl a/c and the lack of the red-shifted Fxs. A reversible light-intensity behavior of Dds and Fxs composition in the cells of T. pseudonana. The observed LL to HL reversible transitions are accompanied by structural modifications of Chls a/c and the lack of the red-shifted Fxs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Tselios
- Cyprus University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Constantinos Varotsis
- Cyprus University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lemesos, Cyprus
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38
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Serrano-Pérez E, Romero-Losada AB, Morales-Pineda M, García-Gómez ME, Couso I, García-González M, Romero-Campero FJ. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Response to High Light in the Charophyte Alga Klebsormidium nitens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:855243. [PMID: 35599877 PMCID: PMC9121098 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.855243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of the molecular mechanisms, such as high light irradiance resistance, that allowed plant terrestralization is a cornerstone in evolutionary studies since the conquest of land by plants played a pivotal role in life evolution on Earth. Viridiplantae or the green lineage is divided into two clades, Chlorophyta and Streptophyta, that in turn splits into Embryophyta or land plants and Charophyta. Charophyta are used in evolutionary studies on plant terrestralization since they are generally accepted as the extant algal species most closely related to current land plants. In this study, we have chosen the facultative terrestrial early charophyte alga Klebsormidium nitens to perform an integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis under high light in order to unveil key mechanisms involved in the early steps of plants terrestralization. We found a fast chloroplast retrograde signaling possibly mediated by reactive oxygen species and the inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase (SAL1) and 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate (PAP) pathways inducing gene expression and accumulation of specific metabolites. Systems used by both Chlorophyta and Embryophyta were activated such as the xanthophyll cycle with an accumulation of zeaxanthin and protein folding and repair mechanisms constituted by NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductases, thioredoxin-disulfide reductases, and peroxiredoxins. Similarly, cyclic electron flow, specifically the pathway dependent on proton gradient regulation 5, was strongly activated under high light. We detected a simultaneous co-activation of the non-photochemical quenching mechanisms based on LHC-like stress related (LHCSR) protein and the photosystem II subunit S that are specific to Chlorophyta and Embryophyta, respectively. Exclusive Embryophyta systems for the synthesis, sensing, and response to the phytohormone auxin were also activated under high light in K. nitens leading to an increase in auxin content with the concomitant accumulation of amino acids such as tryptophan, histidine, and phenylalanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Serrano-Pérez
- Microalgae Systems Biology and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Universidad de Sevilla – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana B. Romero-Losada
- Microalgae Systems Biology and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Universidad de Sevilla – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - María Morales-Pineda
- Microalgae Systems Biology and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Universidad de Sevilla – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - M. Elena García-Gómez
- Microalgae Systems Biology and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Universidad de Sevilla – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Couso
- Microalgae Systems Biology and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Universidad de Sevilla – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Mercedes García-González
- Microalgae Systems Biology and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Universidad de Sevilla – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Romero-Campero
- Microalgae Systems Biology and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Universidad de Sevilla – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco J. Romero-Campero,
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Liang J, Zhang S, Yu W, Wu X, Wang W, Peng F, Xiao Y. PpSnRK1α overexpression alters the response to light and affects photosynthesis and carbon metabolism in tomato. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1808-1823. [PMID: 34387863 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose nonfermentation 1 (SNF1) related kinase 1 (SnRK1) is a central energy sensor kinase in plants and a key switch regulating carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Fruit quality depends on leaf photosynthetic efficiency and carbohydrate accumulation, but the role of peach (Prunus persica) SnRK1 α subunit (PpSnRK1α) in regulating leaf carbon metabolism and the light signal response remains unclear. We studied the carbon metabolism of tomato leaves overexpressing PpSnRK1α and the responses of PpSnRK1α-overexpressing tomato leaves to light signals. Transcriptome, metabolome, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose, glutamate, and glucose-6-phosphate accumulated in tomato leaves overexpressing PpSnRK1α. The expression of genes (e.g., GDH2, SuSy) encoding enzymes related to carbon metabolism (e.g., glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH2; EC: 1.4.1.3), sucrose synthase (SS; EC: 2.4.1.13)) and chlorophyllase (CLH) encoding chlorophyllase (EC: 3.1.1.14), which regulates photosynthetic pigments and photosynthesis, was significantly increased in PpSnRK1α-overexpressing plants. PpSnRK1α overexpression inhibited the growth of hypocotyls and primary roots in response to light. The chlorophyll content of the leaves was increased, the activity of SS and ADPG pyrophosphatase (AGPase; EC: 2.7.7.27) was increased, and photosynthesis was promoted in PpSnRK1α-overexpressing plants relative to wild-type plants. Under light stress, the net photosynthetic rate of plants was significantly higher in plants overexpressing PpSnRK1α than in wild-type plants. This indicates that PpSnRK1α promotes the accumulation of carbohydrates by regulating genes related to carbon metabolism, regulating genes related to chlorophyll synthesis, and then responding to light signals to increase the net photosynthetic rate of leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, China
| | - Shuhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, China
| | - Wenying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, China
| | - Xuelian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, China
| | - Wenru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, China
| | - Futian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, China
| | - Yuansong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, China
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40
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Kanna SD, Domonkos I, Kóbori TO, Dergez Á, Böde K, Nagyapáti S, Zsiros O, Ünnep R, Nagy G, Garab G, Szilák L, Solymosi K, Kovács L, Ughy B. Salt Stress Induces Paramylon Accumulation and Fine-Tuning of the Macro-Organization of Thylakoid Membranes in Euglena gracilis Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:725699. [PMID: 34868111 PMCID: PMC8636990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.725699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of salt stress condition on the growth, morphology, photosynthetic performance, and paramylon content were examined in the mixotrophic, unicellular, flagellate Euglena gracilis. We found that salt stress negatively influenced cell growth, accompanied by a decrease in chlorophyll (Chl) content. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy revealed the changes in the macro-organization of pigment-protein complexes due to salt treatment, while the small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) investigations suggested a reduction in the thylakoid stacking, an effect confirmed by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At the same time, the analysis of the thylakoid membrane complexes using native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) revealed no significant change in the composition of supercomplexes of the photosynthetic apparatus. Salt stress did not substantially affect the photosynthetic activity, as reflected by the fact that Chl fluorescence yield, electron transport rate (ETR), and energy transfer between the photosystems did not change considerably in the salt-grown cells. We have observed notable increases in the carotenoid-to-Chl ratio and the accumulation of paramylon in the salt-treated cells. We propose that the accumulation of storage polysaccharides and changes in the pigment composition and thylakoid membrane organization help the adaptation of E. gracilis cells to salt stress and contribute to the maintenance of cellular processes under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Divya Kanna
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Domonkos
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tímea Ottília Kóbori
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Division for Biotechnology, Bay Zoltán Nonprofit Ltd. for Applied Research, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Dergez
- Division for Biotechnology, Bay Zoltán Nonprofit Ltd. for Applied Research, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kinga Böde
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sarolta Nagyapáti
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ottó Zsiros
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Ünnep
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
- European Spallation Source ESS ERIC, Lund, Sweden
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Gyözö Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | | | - Katalin Solymosi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bettina Ughy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
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41
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Jin P, Liang Z, Lu H, Pan J, Li P, Huang Q, Guo Y, Zhong J, Li F, Wan J, Overmans S, Xia J. Lipid Remodeling Reveals the Adaptations of a Marine Diatom to Ocean Acidification. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:748445. [PMID: 34721350 PMCID: PMC8551959 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.748445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification is recognized as a major anthropogenic perturbation of the modern ocean. While extensive studies have been carried out to explore the short-term physiological responses of phytoplankton to ocean acidification, little is known about their lipidomic responses after a long-term ocean acidification adaptation. Here we perform the lipidomic analysis of a marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum following long-term (∼400 days) selection to ocean acidification conditions. We identified a total of 476 lipid metabolites in long-term high CO2 (i.e., ocean acidification condition) and low CO2 (i.e., ambient condition) selected P. tricornutum cells. Our results further show that long-term high CO2 selection triggered substantial changes in lipid metabolites by down- and up-regulating 33 and 42 lipid metabolites. While monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) was significantly down-regulated in the long-term high CO2 selected conditions, the majority (∼80%) of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was up-regulated. The tightly coupled regulations (positively or negatively correlated) of significantly regulated lipid metabolites suggest that the lipid remodeling is an organismal adaptation strategy of marine diatoms to ongoing ocean acidification. Since the composition and content of lipids are crucial for marine food quality, and these changes can be transferred to high trophic levels, our results highlight the importance of determining the long-term adaptation of lipids in marine producers in predicting the ecological consequences of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinmei Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quanting Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyan Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Futian Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jiaofeng Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sebastian Overmans
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianrong Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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Xie SR, Li Y, Liang MH, Yan B, Jiang JG. Creatinine combined with light increases the contents of lutein and β-carotene, the main carotenoids of Dunaliella bardawil. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 151:109913. [PMID: 34649686 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dunaliella bardawil, a unicellular green alga, can accumulate a large amount of lutein and β-carotene under stresses. Using chemical inducers combined with abiotic stress to promote the accumulation of high value-added products such as lipids and carotenoids in microalgae has attracted more and more attention. In this study, creatinine was added into autotrophic medium to investigate its effects on the growth, chlorophyll content, and the ingredients and content of carotenoids in D. bardawil. The results showed that creatinine alone could significantly increase the biomass, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of D. bardawil, among which the contents of lutein and β-carotene were further increased, while the content of zeaxanthin was decreased. In order to further improve the content of the two carotenoids, different light intensities combined with creatinine have been adopted. Under 6.589 W/m2 light intensity, creatinine could effectively increase the production of lutein, zeaxanthin, α-carotene and β-carotene. Compared with the control, the content of lutein increased by 46 % and the content of β-carotene increased by 77 % when the concentration of creatinine was 500 μg/mL. In conclusion, creatinine can effectively improve the production lutein and β-carotene in D. bardawil, which is more conducive under lower light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Rong Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ming-Hua Liang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Guangxi Mangrove Research Center, Guangxi Key Lab of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Beihai, 536000, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Guangxi Mangrove Research Center, Guangxi Key Lab of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Beihai, 536000, China.
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Pangestuti R, Haq M, Rahmadi P, Chun BS. Nutritional Value and Biofunctionalities of Two Edible Green Seaweeds ( Ulva lactuca and Caulerpa racemosa) from Indonesia by Subcritical Water Hydrolysis. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100578. [PMID: 34677477 PMCID: PMC8537507 DOI: 10.3390/md19100578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Caulerpa racemosa (sea grapes) and Ulva lactuca (sea lettuces) are edible green seaweeds and good sources of bioactive compounds for future foods, nutraceuticals and cosmeceutical industries. In the present study, we determined nutritional values and investigated the recovery of bioactive compounds from C. racemosa and U. lactuca using hot water extraction (HWE) and subcritical water extraction (SWE) at different extraction temperatures (110 to 230 °C). Besides significantly higher extraction yield, SWE processes also give higher protein, sugar, total phenolic (TPC), saponin (TSC), flavonoid contents (TFC) and antioxidant activities as compared to the conventional HWE process. When SWE process was applied, the highest TPC, TSC and TFC values were obtained from U. lactuca hydrolyzed at reaction temperature 230 °C with the value of 39.82 ± 0.32 GAE mg/g, 13.22 ± 0.33 DE mg/g and 6.5 ± 0.47 QE mg/g, respectively. In addition, it also showed the highest antioxidant activity with values of 5.45 ± 0.11 ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE) mg/g and 8.03 ± 0.06 trolox equivalents (TE) mg/g for ABTS and total antioxidant, respectively. The highest phenolic acids in U. lactuca were gallic acid and vanillic acid. Cytotoxic assays demonstrated that C. racemosa and U. lactuca hydrolysates obtained by HWE and SWE did not show any toxic effect on RAW 264.7 cells at tested concentrations after 24 h and 48 h of treatment (p < 0.05), suggesting that both hydrolysates were safe and non-toxic for application in foods, cosmeceuticals and nutraceuticals products. In addition, the results of this study demonstrated the potential of SWE for the production of high-quality seaweed hydrolysates. Collectively, this study shows the potential of under-exploited tropical green seaweed resources as potential antioxidants in nutraceutical and cosmeceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratih Pangestuti
- Research & Development Divisions for Marine Bio Industry (BBIL), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), North Lombok 83352, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (B.-S.C.); Tel.: +82-51-629-5830 (B.-S.C.)
| | - Monjurul Haq
- Department of Fisheries & Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science & Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh;
| | - Puji Rahmadi
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta 14430, Indonesia;
| | - Byung-Soo Chun
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Korea
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (B.-S.C.); Tel.: +82-51-629-5830 (B.-S.C.)
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Coulombier N, Jauffrais T, Lebouvier N. Antioxidant Compounds from Microalgae: A Review. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:549. [PMID: 34677448 PMCID: PMC8537667 DOI: 10.3390/md19100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for natural products isolated from microalgae has increased over the last decade and has drawn the attention from the food, cosmetic and nutraceutical industries. Among these natural products, the demand for natural antioxidants as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants has increased. In addition, microalgae combine several advantages for the development of biotechnological applications: high biodiversity, photosynthetic yield, growth, productivity and a metabolic plasticity that can be orientated using culture conditions. Regarding the wide diversity of antioxidant compounds and mode of action combined with the diversity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), this review covers a brief presentation of antioxidant molecules with their role and mode of action, to summarize and evaluate common and recent assays used to assess antioxidant activity of microalgae. The aim is to improve our ability to choose the right assay to assess microalgae antioxidant activity regarding the antioxidant molecules studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Coulombier
- ADECAL Technopole, 1 Bis Rue Berthelot, 98846 Nouméa, New Caledonia, France
| | - Thierry Jauffrais
- Ifremer, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, RBE/LEAD, 101 Promenade Roger Laroque, 98897 Nouméa, New Caledonia, France;
| | - Nicolas Lebouvier
- ISEA, EA7484, Campus de Nouville, Université de Nouvelle Calédonie, 98851 Nouméa, New Caledonia, France;
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Jégou C, Connan S, Bihannic I, Cérantola S, Guérard F, Stiger-Pouvreau V. Phlorotannin and Pigment Content of Native Canopy-Forming Sargassaceae Species Living in Intertidal Rockpools in Brittany (France): Any Relationship with Their Vertical Distribution and Phenology? Mar Drugs 2021; 19:504. [PMID: 34564166 PMCID: PMC8469379 DOI: 10.3390/md19090504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Five native Sargassaceae species from Brittany (France) living in rockpools were surveyed over time to investigate photoprotective strategies according to their tidal position. We gave evidences for the existence of a species distribution between pools along the shore, with the most dense and smallest individuals in the highest pools. Pigment contents were higher in lower pools, suggesting a photo-adaptive process by which the decreasing light irradiance toward the low shore was compensated by a high production of pigments to ensure efficient photosynthesis. Conversely, no xanthophyll cycle-related photoprotective mechanism was highlighted because high levels of zeaxanthin rarely occurred in the upper shore. Phlorotannins were not involved in photoprotection either; only some lower-shore species exhibited a seasonal trend in phlorotannin levels. The structural complexity of phlorotannins appears more to be a taxonomic than an ecological feature: Ericaria produced simple phloroglucinol while Cystoseira and Gongolaria species exhibited polymers. Consequently, tide pools could be considered as light-protected areas on the intertidal zone, in comparison with the exposed emerged substrata where photoprotective mechanisms are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Jégou
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marine (LBCM) EA 3884, Université de Brest, 6 Rue de l’université, F-29334 Quimper, France;
| | - Solène Connan
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement (LEMAR) UMR 6539, Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, F-29280 Plouzane, France; (S.C.); (I.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Isabelle Bihannic
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement (LEMAR) UMR 6539, Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, F-29280 Plouzane, France; (S.C.); (I.B.); (F.G.)
| | | | - Fabienne Guérard
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement (LEMAR) UMR 6539, Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, F-29280 Plouzane, France; (S.C.); (I.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Valérie Stiger-Pouvreau
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement (LEMAR) UMR 6539, Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, F-29280 Plouzane, France; (S.C.); (I.B.); (F.G.)
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Wu N, Tong M, Gou S, Zeng W, Xu Z, Jiang T. Hemolytic Activity in Relation to the Photosynthetic System in Chattonella marina and Chattonella ovata. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:336. [PMID: 34204792 PMCID: PMC8231601 DOI: 10.3390/md19060336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chattonella species, C. marina and C. ovata, are harmful raphidophycean flagellates known to have hemolytic effects on many marine organisms and resulting in massive ecological damage worldwide. However, knowledge of the toxigenic mechanism of these ichthyotoxic flagellates is still limited. Light was reported to be responsible for the hemolytic activity (HA) of Chattonella species. Therefore, the response of photoprotective, photosynthetic accessory pigments, the photosystem II (PSII) electron transport chain, as well as HA were investigated in non-axenic C. marina and C. ovata cultures under variable environmental conditions (light, iron and addition of photosynthetic inhibitors). HA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were quantified using erythrocytes and pHPA assay. Results confirmed that% HA of Chattonella was initiated by light, but was not always elicited during cell division. Exponential growth of C. marina and C. ovata under the light over 100 µmol m-2 s-1 or iron-sufficient conditions elicited high hemolytic activity. Inhibitors of PSII reduced the HA of C. marina, but had no effect on C. ovata. The toxicological response indicated that HA in Chattonella was not associated with the photoprotective system, i.e., xanthophyll cycle and regulation of reactive oxygen species, nor the PSII electron transport chain, but most likely occurred during energy transport through the light-harvesting antenna pigments. A positive, highly significant relationship between HA and chlorophyll (chl) biosynthesis pigments, especially chl c2 and chl a, in both species, indicated that hemolytic toxin may be generated during electron/energy transfer through the chl c2 biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (N.W.); (S.G.); (W.Z.)
- South China Sea Institute of Planning and Environmental Research, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China;
| | - Siyu Gou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (N.W.); (S.G.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weiji Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (N.W.); (S.G.); (W.Z.)
| | - Zhuoyun Xu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China;
| | - Tianjiu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (N.W.); (S.G.); (W.Z.)
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Zhang Y, Li K, Zhou Q, Chen L, Yang X, Zhang H. Phytoplankton responses to solar UVR and its combination with nutrient enrichment in a plateau oligotrophic Lake Fuxian: a mesocosm experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:29931-29944. [PMID: 33576963 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple stressors associated with global change are influencing the phytoplankton taxonomic composition and biomass in plateau lakes, such as higher levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280-400 nm) and the risk of eutrophication. Although the restrictive effects of high UVR on phytoplankton are generally recognized, the effects will be impacted by the UVR levels of seasonal changes and the nutrient status. In this study, in situ phytoplankton productivity was measured seasonally under full solar radiation and only visible light (photosynthetically active radiation, PAR) conditions in the plateau oligotrophic Lake Fuxian, Southwest China. To determine the single effects of UVR and nutrient enrichment and their combined impact on phytoplankton communities, a mesocosm experiment (1 month) was conducted outdoors during late summer (rainy season). The interactive experiment was designed with two radiation treatments (UVR + PAR and PAR) and four nutrient treatments (raw water, nitrogen addition, phosphorus addition, nitrogen and phosphorus addition). Our results suggested that the response of phytoplankton to UVR depended largely on nutrient availability, which was embodied in the no significant responses of phytoplankton productivity and total biomass to UVR in the oligotrophic raw water from Lake Fuxian, but the positive responses of total biomass to UVR in the nutrient enrichment treatment. Furthermore, the response of phytoplankton to UVR was also taxa dependent. Chlorophytes and dinoflagellates showed positive response to UVR, whereas chrysophytes were quite sensitive to UVR; diatoms had no significant response to UVR under all nutrient conditions, while the response of cyanobacteria to UVR was highly dependent on nutrient status. This study highlights that the increase in nutrient concentrations in oligotrophic lake not only directly promotes the growth of phytoplankton but also combines with low UVR during summer to benefit the growth of eutrophic taxa based on the non-negative effect of UVR on total phytoplankton biomass and the positive effect on eutrophic taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Kaidi Li
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake-Watershed, Yunnan Research Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Qichao Zhou
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake-Watershed, Yunnan Research Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming, 650034, China.
| | - Le Chen
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake-Watershed, Yunnan Research Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hucai Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Zhang J, Shuang S, Zhang L, Xie S, Chen J. Photosynthetic and Photoprotective Responses to Steady-State and Fluctuating Light in the Shade-Demanding Crop Amorphophallus xiei Grown in Intercropping and Monoculture Systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:663473. [PMID: 34093621 PMCID: PMC8175988 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.663473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic and photoprotective responses to simulated sunflecks were examined in the shade-demanding crop Amorphophallus xiei intercropped with maize (intercropping condition) or grown in an adjacent open site (monoculture condition). Both intercropping leaves and monoculture leaves exhibited very fast induction responses. The times taken to achieve 90% maximum net photosynthetic rate in intercropping leaves and monoculture leaves were 198.3 ± 27.4 s and 223.7 ± 20.5 s during the photosynthetic induction, respectively. During an 8-min simulated sunfleck, the proportion of excess excited energy dissipated through the xanthophyll cycle-dependent pathway (Φ NPQ) and dissipated through constitutive thermal dissipation and the fluorescence (Φ f, d) pathway increased quickly to its maximum, and then plateaued slowly to a steady state in both intercropping and monoculture leaves. When the illumination was gradually increased within photosystem II (PSII), Φ NPQ increased quicker and to a higher level in monoculture leaves than in intercropping leaves. Relative to their monoculture counterparts, intercropping leaves exhibited a significantly lower accumulation of oxygen free radicals, a significantly higher content of chlorophyll, and a similar content of malondialdehyde. Although monoculture leaves exhibited a larger mass-based pool size of xanthophyll cycle [V (violaxanthin) + A (antheraxanthin) + Z (zeaxanthin)] than intercropping leaves, intercropping leaves had a higher ratio of (Z + A)/(V + Z + A) than monoculture leaves. intercropping leaves had markedly higher glutathione content and ascorbate-peroxidase activity than their monoculture counterparts. Similar activities of catalase, peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and monodehydroascorbate were found in both systems. Only superoxide dismutase activity and ascorbate content were lower in the intercropping leaves than in their monoculture counterparts. Overall, the xanthophyll cycle-dependent energy dissipation and the enzymatic antioxidant defense system are important for protecting plants from photooxidation in an intercropping system with intense sunflecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shengpu Shuang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shiqing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Junwen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Celis-Plá PSM, Kappes JL, Figueroa FL, Pereda SV, Villegas K, Altamirano R, Hernández-González MC, Buschmann AH. Solar Radiation as an Isolated Environmental Factor in an Experimental Mesocosm Approach for Studying Photosynthetic Acclimation of Macrocystis pyrifera (Ochrophyta). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:622150. [PMID: 34276713 PMCID: PMC8283697 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.622150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Solar radiation effects on the ecophysiology and biochemical responses of the brown macroalga Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. Agardh were evaluated using a mesocosm approach in Southern Chile. Treatments with different radiation attenuations were simulated with three vertical attenuation coefficients: (1) total (Kd = 0.8 m-1), (2) attenuated (Kd = 1.2 m-1), and (3) low (Kd = 1.6 m-1) radiation levels. Nutrient concentration and temperature did not show differences under the three light conditions. Photosynthetic activity was estimated by in vivo chlorophyll a (Chla) fluorescence under the three light treatments as an isolated physical factor in both in situ solar radiation in the field. This was achieved using a pulse amplitude-modulated (PAM) fluorometera-Diving PAM (in situ). Photosynthetic activity and biochemical composition were measured in winter during two daily cycles (1DC and 2DC) in different parts of the thalli of the plant: (1) canopy zone, (2) middle zone, and (3) down zone, associated with different depths in the mesocosm system. Nevertheless, the in situ electron transport rate (ETR in situ ) was higher in the exposed thalli of the canopy zone, independent of the light treatment conditions. The concentration of phenolic compounds (PC) increases in the down zone in the first daily cycle, and it was higher in the middle zone in the second daily cycle. The Chla increased in the morning time under total and attenuated radiation in the first daily cycle. Solar radiation increasing at midday prompted the photoinhibition of photosynthesis in the canopy zone but also an increase in productivity and phenol content. Therefore, light attenuation in the water column drove key differences in the photo-physiological responses of M. pyrifera, with the highest productivity occurring in thalli positioned in the canopy zone when exposed to solar irradiance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S. M. Celis-Plá
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research (LACER), Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Viña del Mar, Chile
- HUB Ambiental Universidad de Playa Ancha (UPLA), Vicerrectoría de Investigación Postgrado e Innovación, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
- Paula S. M. Celis-Plá
| | - José Luis Kappes
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Ambientes y Recursos Costeros (Centro i-mar) and Centro de Biotecnología y Bioingenería (CeBiB), Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Félix L. Figueroa
- Department of Ecology and Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology and Blue Development (IBYDA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Sandra V. Pereda
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Ambientes y Recursos Costeros (Centro i-mar) and Centro de Biotecnología y Bioingenería (CeBiB), Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Karina Villegas
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Ambientes y Recursos Costeros (Centro i-mar) and Centro de Biotecnología y Bioingenería (CeBiB), Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Robinson Altamirano
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Ambientes y Recursos Costeros (Centro i-mar) and Centro de Biotecnología y Bioingenería (CeBiB), Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - María Carmen Hernández-González
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Ambientes y Recursos Costeros (Centro i-mar) and Centro de Biotecnología y Bioingenería (CeBiB), Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Alejandro H. Buschmann
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Ambientes y Recursos Costeros (Centro i-mar) and Centro de Biotecnología y Bioingenería (CeBiB), Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
- *Correspondence: Alejandro H. Buschmann
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Kato Y, Hasunuma T. Metabolic Engineering for Carotenoid Production Using Eukaryotic Microalgae and Prokaryotic Cyanobacteria. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1261:121-135. [PMID: 33783735 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-7360-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic microalgae and prokaryotic cyanobacteria are diverse photosynthetic organisms that produce various useful compounds. Due to their rapid growth and efficient biomass production from carbon dioxide and solar energy, microalgae and cyanobacteria are expected to become cost-effective, sustainable bioresources in the future. These organisms also abundantly produce various carotenoids, but further improvement in carotenoid productivity is needed for a successful commercialization. Metabolic engineering via genetic manipulation and mutational breeding is a powerful tool for generating carotenoid-rich strains. This chapter focuses on carotenoid production in microalgae and cyanobacteria, as well as strategies and potential target genes for metabolic engineering. Recent achievements in metabolic engineering that improved carotenoid production in microalgae and cyanobacteria are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kato
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe-city, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe-city, Hyogo, Japan.
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