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Olorunwa OJ, Adhikari B, Brazel S, Popescu SC, Popescu GV, Shi A, Barickman TC. Waterlogging during the reproductive growth stage causes physiological and biochemical modifications in the leaves of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) genotypes with contrasting tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 190:133-144. [PMID: 36115267 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging causes various metabolic, physiological, and morphological changes in crops, resulting in yield loss of most legumes in rainfed and irrigated agriculture. However, research on cowpea genotypes using physiological and biochemical traits as a measure of tolerance to waterlogging stress is limited. We evaluated the impacts of 7 days of waterlogging (DOW) and 7 days of recovery (DOR) on the physiology and biochemistry of two cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) genotypes (UCR 369 and EpicSelect.4) with contrasting waterlogging tolerance. Cowpea genotypes were grown in a controlled environment until the R2 stage and then subjected to 7 DOW. Later, the waterlogged plants were reoxygenated for an additional 7 DOR. Overall, cowpea genotypes had a contrasting response to waterlogging using different mechanisms. Compared to the control, the photosynthetic parameters of both cowpea genotypes were impaired under 7 DOW and could not recover at 7 DOR, with a larger decline in EpicSelect.4.7 DOW caused significant loss in the chlorophyll and carotenoid content of both genotypes. However, only waterlogged UCR 369 was not photo-inhibited and able to restore the levels of chlorophyll and carotenoids at 7 DOR. In addition, 7 DOW induced intense stress in UCR 369 with increased zeaxanthin, sucrose, and flavonoid content, while these metabolites were decreased in EpicSelect.4. On the other hand, glucose, fructose, and phenolic content were increased in EpicSelect.4 but decreased in UCR 369 at 7 DOR. In summary, compared to EpicSelect.4, UCR 369 restored their photosynthetic pigments and metabolites to the control levels at 7 DOR, indicating a likely tolerance to waterlogging stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolayo J Olorunwa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Verona, MS, 38879, USA
| | - Bikash Adhikari
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Verona, MS, 38879, USA
| | - Skyler Brazel
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Verona, MS, 38879, USA
| | - Sorina C Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - George V Popescu
- Institute for Genomic, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Ainong Shi
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - T Casey Barickman
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Verona, MS, 38879, USA.
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Maltseva SY, Kulikovskiy MS, Maltsev YI. Functional State of Coelastrella multistriata (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyta) in an Enrichment Culture. Microbiology (Reading) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261722601385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Duarte-Sierra A, Forney CF, Thomas M, Angers P, Arul J. Phytochemical Enhancement in Broccoli Florets after Harvest by Controlled Doses of Ozone. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152195. [PMID: 35892781 PMCID: PMC9329930 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to examine the effect of controlled doses of O3 (0, 5 µL L−1 of O3 for 60 min, and 5 µL L−1 of O3 for 720 min) on the quality and phytochemical content of broccoli florets during postharvest storage. The optimal dose was found at 5 µL L−1 of O3 for 60 min, from the color retention of broccoli florets exposed to the gas treatment. Overall, the antioxidant capacity of the florets was significantly affected by both doses of O3 compared to the non-exposed florets. The profile of glucosinolates was determined for up to 14 days in broccoli florets stored at 4 °C by LC-MS. The amount of total glucobrassicins and total hydroxy-cinnamates in florets significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved by the application of 5 µL L−1 of O3 for 60 min compared to non-treated florets. The up-regulation of genes of the tryptophan-derived glucosinolate pathway was observed immediately after both treatments. The gene expression of CYP79A2 and CYP79B3 in broccoli was significantly higher in broccoli florets exposed to 5 µL L−1 of O3 for 720 min compared to non-exposed florets. Although enhancement of secondary metabolites can be achieved by the fumigation of broccoli florets with low doses of ozone, quality parameters, particularly weight loss, can be compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Duarte-Sierra
- Food Science Department, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.T.); (P.A.); (J.A.)
- Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Center for Research in Plant Innovation (CRIV), Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Charles F. Forney
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada;
| | - Minty Thomas
- Food Science Department, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.T.); (P.A.); (J.A.)
| | - Paul Angers
- Food Science Department, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.T.); (P.A.); (J.A.)
- Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Joseph Arul
- Food Science Department, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.T.); (P.A.); (J.A.)
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Boeckx J, Pols S, Hertog MLATM, Nicolaï BM. Regulation of the Central Carbon Metabolism in Apple Fruit Exposed to Postharvest Low-Oxygen Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1384. [PMID: 31737012 PMCID: PMC6831743 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
After harvest, fruit remain metabolically active and continue to ripen. The main goal of postharvest storage is to slow down the metabolic activity of the detached fruit. In many cases, this is accomplished by storing fruit at low temperature in combination with low oxygen (O2) and high carbon dioxide (CO2) partial pressures. However, altering the normal atmospheric conditions is not without any risk and can induce low-O2 stress. This review focuses on the central carbon metabolism of apple fruit during postharvest storage, both under normal O2 conditions and under low-O2 stress conditions. While the current review is focused on apple fruit, most research on the central carbon metabolism, low-O2 stress, and O2 sensing has been done on a range of different model plants (e.g., Arabidopsis, potato, rice, and maize) using various plant organs (e.g., seedlings, tubers, roots, and leaves). This review pulls together this information from the various sources into a coherent overview to facilitate the research on the central carbon metabolism in apple fruit exposed to postharvest low-O2 stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bart M. Nicolaï
- KU Leuven, BIOSYST-MeBioS, Leuven, Belgium
- Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Leuven, Belgium
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Tripathi A, Liu S, Singh PK, Kumar N, Pandey AC, Tripathi DK, Chauhan DK, Sahi S. Differential phytotoxic responses of silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) and silver nanoparticle (AgNps) in Cucumis sativus L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Klecker M, Gasch P, Peisker H, Dörmann P, Schlicke H, Grimm B, Mustroph A. A Shoot-Specific Hypoxic Response of Arabidopsis Sheds Light on the Role of the Phosphate-Responsive Transcription Factor PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:774-790. [PMID: 24753539 PMCID: PMC4044847 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.237990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses are often very specific, but signal transduction pathways can partially or completely overlap. Here, we demonstrate that in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the transcriptional responses to phosphate starvation and oxygen deficiency stress comprise a set of commonly induced genes. While the phosphate deficiency response is systemic, under oxygen deficiency, most of the commonly induced genes are found only in illuminated shoots. This jointly induced response to the two stresses is under control of the transcription factor PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE1 (PHR1), but not of the oxygen-sensing N-end rule pathway, and includes genes encoding proteins for the synthesis of galactolipids, which replace phospholipids in plant membranes under phosphate starvation. Despite the induction of galactolipid synthesis genes, total galactolipid content and plant survival are not severely affected by the up-regulation of galactolipid gene expression in illuminated leaves during hypoxia. However, changes in galactolipid molecular species composition point to an adaptation of lipid fluxes through the endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplast pathways during hypoxia. PHR1-mediated signaling of phosphate deprivation was also light dependent. Because a photoreceptor-mediated PHR1 activation was not detectable under hypoxia, our data suggest that a chloroplast-derived retrograde signal, potentially arising from metabolic changes, regulates PHR1 activity under both oxygen and phosphate deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Klecker
- Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany (M.K., P.G., A.M.);Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (H.P., P.D.); andPlant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
| | - Philipp Gasch
- Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany (M.K., P.G., A.M.);Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (H.P., P.D.); andPlant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
| | - Helga Peisker
- Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany (M.K., P.G., A.M.);Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (H.P., P.D.); andPlant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany (M.K., P.G., A.M.);Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (H.P., P.D.); andPlant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
| | - Hagen Schlicke
- Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany (M.K., P.G., A.M.);Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (H.P., P.D.); andPlant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany (M.K., P.G., A.M.);Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (H.P., P.D.); andPlant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
| | - Angelika Mustroph
- Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany (M.K., P.G., A.M.);Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (H.P., P.D.); andPlant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
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Fernández-Marín B, Míguez F, Becerril JM, García-Plazaola JI. Activation of violaxanthin cycle in darkness is a common response to different abiotic stresses: a case study in Pelvetia canaliculata. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 11:181. [PMID: 22269024 PMCID: PMC3264673 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-11-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the violaxanthin (V) cycle, V is de-epoxidized to zeaxanthin (Z) when strong light or light combined with other stressors lead to an overexcitation of photosystems. However, plants can also suffer stress in darkness and recent reports have shown that dehydration triggers V-de-epoxidation in the absence of light. In this study, we used the highly stress-tolerant brown alga Pelvetia canaliculata as a model organism, due to its lack of lutein and its non-photochemical quenching independent of the transthylakoidal-ΔpH, to study the triggering of the V-cycle in darkness induced by abiotic stressors. RESULTS We have shown that besides desiccation, other factors such as immersion, anoxia and high temperature also induced V-de-epoxidation in darkness. This process was reversible once the treatments had ceased (with the exception of heat, which caused lethal damage). Irrespective of the stressor applied, the resulting de-epoxidised xanthophylls correlated with a decrease in Fv/Fm, suggesting a common function in the down-regulation of photosynthetical efficiency. The implication of the redox-state of the plastoquinone-pool and of the differential activity of V-cycle enzymes on V-de-epoxidation in darkness was also examined. Current results suggest that both violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) and zeaxanthin-epoxidase (ZE) have a basal constitutive activity even in darkness, being ZE inhibited under stress. This inhibition leads to Z accumulation. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that V-cycle activity is triggered by several abiotic stressors even when they occur in an absolute absence of light, leading to a decrease in Fv/Fm. This finding provides new insights into an understanding of the regulation mechanism of the V-cycle and of its ecophysiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández-Marín
- Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Fátima Míguez
- Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - José María Becerril
- Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - José Ignacio García-Plazaola
- Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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