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Stangl FJ, Riedl R, Kiemeswenger R, Montag C. Negative psychological and physiological effects of social networking site use: The example of Facebook. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1141663. [PMID: 37599719 PMCID: PMC10435997 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1141663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Social networking sites (SNS), with Facebook as a prominent example, have become an integral part of our daily lives and more than four billion people worldwide use SNS. However, the (over-)use of SNS also poses both psychological and physiological risks. In the present article, we review the scientific literature on the risk of Facebook (over-)use. Addressing this topic is critical because evidence indicates the development of problematic Facebook use ("Facebook addiction") due to excessive and uncontrolled use behavior with various psychological and physiological effects. We conducted a review to examine the scope, range, and nature of prior empirical research on the negative psychological and physiological effects of Facebook use. Our literature search process revealed a total of 232 papers showing that Facebook use is associated with eight major psychological effects (perceived anxiety, perceived depression, perceived loneliness, perceived eating disorders, perceived self-esteem, perceived life satisfaction, perceived insomnia, and perceived stress) and three physiological effects (physiological stress, human brain alteration, and affective experience state). The review also describes how Facebook use is associated with these effects and provides additional details on the reviewed literature, including research design, sample, age, and measures. Please note that the term "Facebook use" represents an umbrella term in the present work, and in the respective sections it will be made clear what kind of Facebook use is associated with a myriad of investigated psychological variables. Overall, findings indicate that certain kinds of Facebook use may come along with significant risks, both psychologically and physiologically. Based on our review, we also identify potential avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian J. Stangl
- Digital Business Institute, School of Business and Management, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Steyr, Austria
| | - René Riedl
- Digital Business Institute, School of Business and Management, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Steyr, Austria
- Institute of Business Informatics – Information Engineering, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Roman Kiemeswenger
- Institute of Business Informatics – Information Engineering, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Chung SA, Bae S, Kim HJ, Lee JW, Hwang H, Han DH. Mediating effects of attention problems on the link between parenting style and internet gaming disorder in adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1211889. [PMID: 37575574 PMCID: PMC10412813 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1211889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Positive and negative parenting styles as well as psychiatric comorbidities including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been associated with internet gaming disorder (IGD) in children and adolescents. We hypothesized that ADHD and parenting style would be associated with IGD in adolescents. In addition, psychological status could mediate the link between parenting style and the severity of IGD. Methods A total of 256 adolescents with IGD and 211 healthy internet game players and their mothers participated in the current study. Demographic data, gaming patterns, and psychological status including ADHD were recorded for all adolescents. The parenting style of each adolescent's mother was assessed using the Maternal Behavior Research Instrument (Korean version). Results There were significant differences in the internet game play patterns, psychological status, and parenting styles between the IGD group and healthy internet game players. In the hierarchical logistic regression analysis, higher ADHD scores, less affective parenting styles, and less autonomous parenting styles, were significant predictors of IGD. In the mediation test, the ADHD score was found to mediate the association between affective and autonomous parenting styles and the severity of IGD. Conclusion Attention problems could directly and indirectly mediate the relationship between positive parenting styles and the severity of IGD. Our findings have the potential to aid in the development of treatment plans for IGD and ADHD as well as to contribute to the development of educational resources regarding parenting styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ah Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Bae
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Woog Lee
- Department of Information and Technology in Sport, College of Sports Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunchan Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yin M, Huang S, Yu C. Depression and Internet Gaming Disorder among Chinese Adolescents: A Longitudinal Moderated Mediation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3633. [PMID: 36834332 PMCID: PMC9962867 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is significantly associated with depression across previous studies, and significantly affects the development of mental health among Chinese adolescents. In this two-wave longitudinal research, we tested the mediating role of maladaptive cognition and the moderating role of mindfulness in the linkage between depression and IGD among Chinese adolescents (N = 580, 355 females, average age = 15.76 years, SD = 1.31) who completed questionnaires. Results of regression-based analyses showed that depression was positively related to IGD. Maladaptive cognition significantly mediated the link between depression and IGD. Moreover, mindfulness moderated the second part of the mediation process. Specifically, as the level of mindfulness increased, the influence of depression on the future IGD through maladaptive cognition was weakened. The present study demonstrates the key roles of maladaptive cognition and mindfulness in the link between depression and IGD, and further supports the cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Yin
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shihua Huang
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chengfu Yu
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Lopes LS, Valentini JP, Monteiro TH, Costacurta MCDF, Soares LON, Telfar-Barnard L, Nunes PV. Problematic Social Media Use and Its Relationship with Depression or Anxiety: A Systematic Review. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR, AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2022; 25:691-702. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2021.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paula Villela Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Jundiai Medical School, Jundiai, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Cudo A, Wojtasiński M, Tużnik P, Fudali-Czyż A, Griffiths MD. The Relationship between Depressive Symptoms, Loneliness, Self-Control, and Gaming Disorder among Polish Male and Female Gamers: The Indirect Effects of Gaming Motives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10438. [PMID: 36012072 PMCID: PMC9408588 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study analyzed the relationship between gaming disorder (GD), motives for gaming, and psychological problems in daily life (i.e., depression, loneliness, and self-control deficits) among Polish gamers. More specifically, the purpose of the present study was to analyze the indirect effects between GD and psychological problems in daily life via motives for gaming among male and female gamers. Additionally, the present study examined gender differences in motives for gaming and the relationship between the analyzed variables. The sample comprised 652 gamers (233 females; M = 28.77 years; SD = 7.18; age range: 18-48 years). The nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Version (IGDS9-SF) was used to assess GD. The motives for gaming were assessed using the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ). The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms, and the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) was used to assess self-control. Loneliness was assessed using the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. In order to examine the relationship between the study variables, path analysis and indirect effects analysis were performed among both male and female gamers. The present study showed that depressive symptoms and self-control exerted a significant indirect effect on GD via escape and fantasy motives for gaming. Additionally, there was an indirect effect between depressive symptoms and GD via social motives for gaming. However, these indirect effects were found among male gamers only. The present study also showed gender differences in all analyzed gaming motives except escape (males scoring higher on all of them) and in the relationship between depressive symptoms and escape. These findings contribute to a better understanding of GD development mechanisms, which are associated with psychological problems in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Cudo
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, al. Racławickie 14, 20950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Wojtasiński
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, al. Racławickie 14, 20950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Przemysław Tużnik
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, al. Racławickie 14, 20950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Fudali-Czyż
- Institute of Psychology, The Pedagogical University of Krakow, ul. Podchorążych 2, 30084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
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Cudo A, Dobosz M, Griffiths MD, Kuss DJ. The Relationship Between Early Maladaptive Schemas, Depression, Anxiety and Problematic Video Gaming Among Female and Male Gamers. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022:1-28. [PMID: 35789815 PMCID: PMC9244023 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00858-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the relationship between problematic video gaming (PVG) and early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) among male and female gamers. Additionally, the present study investigated depression and anxiety as mediators in the relationship between EMSs and PVG. The study comprised 673 videogame players (391 female gamers) aged from 18 to 38 years. PVG was assessed using the nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form (IGDS9-SF). Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). EMS dimensions were assessed using the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3). Results suggested that EMSs such as practical incompetence/dependence were positively related to PVG. The findings showed gender differences in these relationships. The vulnerability to harm or illness, enmeshment and subjugation schemas were positively related to PVG among male gamers. However, depression and anxiety did not mediate the relationship between EMSs and PVG. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of mechanisms related to PVG development, which are associated with maladaptive schemas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary materials available at 10.1007/s11469-022-00858-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Cudo
- Department of Experimental Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, al. Racławickie 14, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Dobosz
- The Psychological and Psychotherapeutic Care Center for Children and Youth in Klimkówka, ul. Kasztanowa 30, 38-480 Klimkówka, Poland
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare St, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ UK
| | - Daria J. Kuss
- International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare St, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ UK
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Shannon H, Bush K, Villeneuve PJ, Hellemans KG, Guimond S. Problematic Social Media Use in Adolescents and Young Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JMIR Ment Health 2022; 9:e33450. [PMID: 35436240 PMCID: PMC9052033 DOI: 10.2196/33450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technology is ever evolving, with more and more diverse activities becoming possible on screen-based devices. However, participating in a heavy screen-based lifestyle may come at a cost. Our hypothesis was that problematic social media use increased the prevalence of mental health outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study seeks to systematically examine problematic social media use in youth and its association with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. METHODS A systematic search was conducted to identify studies in adolescents and young adults, using the databases Engineering Village, Psycinfo, Pubmed, and Web of Science. A total of 18 studies were identified, with a total of 9269 participants in our review and included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS Our metaregression shows moderate but statistically significant correlations between problematic social media use and depression (r=0.273, P<.001), anxiety (r=0.348, P<.001), and stress (r=0.313, P<.001). We did not find evidence of heterogeneity of these summary correlations by age, gender, or year of publication. CONCLUSIONS This study provides further evidence of the association between problematic social media use and negative mental health among adolescents and young adults and supports future research to focus on the underlying mechanisms of problematic use of social media. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021222309; https://tinyurl.com/2p9y4bjx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Shannon
- Department of Psychiatry, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katie Bush
- Department of Psychiatry, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Paul J Villeneuve
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kim Gc Hellemans
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Synthia Guimond
- Department of Psychiatry, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous meta-analyses were conducted to quantitatively synthesize the relation between problematic social media (SM) use and mental health, they focused on Facebook addiction. AIMS The purpose of this meta-analysis is to examine this relation by extending the research scope via the inclusion of studies examining problematic use of all platforms. METHOD One hundred and thirty-three independent samples (N =244,676) were identified. RESULTS As expected, the mean correlations between problematic SM use and well-being are negative, while those between problematic SM use and distress are positive. Life satisfaction and self-esteem are commonly used to represent well-being, while depression and loneliness are usually used to indicate distress. The mean correlations of problematic SM use with life satisfaction and self-esteem are small, whereas those of problematic SM use with depression and loneliness are moderate. The moderating effects of publication status, instruments, platforms and mean age are not significant. CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of the correlations between problematic SM use and mental health indicators can generalize across most moderator conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiungjung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Education, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua
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Abstract
The social comparison theory explains some negative effect of social networking sites (SNSs) use. These Internet applications have made easier the online social comparison that in turn predicts depression and lower life satisfaction. Individuals prone to depression engage in greater levels of social comparison, particularly with others who are thought to be slightly better off, and experience a decrease in mood or self-esteem in the light of others? perceived happiness. The present study aimed at investigating the impact of the use of SNSs on the mood in an experimental design. In total, 120 university students were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In the experimental groups, the participants were instructed to access their Facebook and browse personal profiles for 20 minutes; while in the control, they read articles. For the participants with initial low mood using Facebook further lowered their mood whereas for the other participants did not have any effect. Furthermore, using Facebook lowered the mood of the participants not accustomed to use it frequently.
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Przepiórka A, Błachnio A, Sullman M, Gorbaniuk O, Siu NYF, Hill T, Gras ME, Kagialis A, Lisun Y, Díaz-Peñaloza M, Manrique-Millones D, Nikiforou M, Evtina GS, Taylor JE, Tekes B, Šeibokaite L, Wundersitz L, Calvo F, Font-Mayolas S. Facebook Intrusion as a Mediator Between Positive Capital and General Distress: A Cross-Cultural Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:667536. [PMID: 34220579 PMCID: PMC8245772 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.667536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Social networking sites (SNSs) play an important role in many aspects of life nowadays, and it seems to be crucial to explore their impact on human well-being and functioning. The main aim of the study was to examine the mediating role of Facebook intrusion between positive capital and general distress. Positive capital was considered as comprising self-esteem, ego-resiliency, and self-control, while general distress was seen as having three dimensions: depression, anxiety, and stress. Methods: The sample consisted of N = 4,495 participants (M = 22.96 years, SD = 5.46) from 14 countries: Australia, Cyprus, Greece, Hong Kong, Lithuania, New Zealand, Peru, Poland, Russia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, and United States. We used the following methods: the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire (FIQ), the Self-Esteem Scale (SES), the Brief Self-Control Scale (SCS), The Ego Resiliency Revised Scale and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Results: We found that Facebook intrusion was a mediator between self-esteem and general distress and between self-control and general distress. Limitations: The present study was based on a cross-sectional study, and the measures used were self-report measures. The majority of the participants were recruited using convenience sampling. Conclusions: The present findings contribute to a better understanding on how the social media have impact on individual mental health. Implications for future studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Przepiórka
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Błachnio
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mark Sullman
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Oleg Gorbaniuk
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Faculty of Psychology, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nicolson Yat-Fan Siu
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tetiana Hill
- Hertfordshire Business School, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Maria-Eugenia Gras
- Department of Psychology, Quality of Life Research Institute, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Antonios Kagialis
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Yanina Lisun
- Department of Journalism and Advertising, Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maité Díaz-Peñaloza
- Instituto de Investigación de Psicología - Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Denisse Manrique-Millones
- Grupo de Investigación en Comunicación y Salud, Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Peru
| | - Militsa Nikiforou
- School of Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Larnaca, Cyprus
| | | | - Joanne E Taylor
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Burcu Tekes
- Department of Psychology, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Laura Šeibokaite
- Department of Psychology, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lisa Wundersitz
- Centre for Automotive Safety Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Fran Calvo
- Department of Pedagogy, Quality of Life Research Institute, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Font-Mayolas
- Department of Psychology, Quality of Life Research Institute, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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“Who Am I” and “How Should I Be”: a Systematic Review on Self-Concept and Avatar Identification in Gaming Disorder. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Gaming disorder (GD) appears to be associated with self-concept deficits and increased identification with one’s avatar. The goal of this literature review is to highlight study findings assessing psychological and neurobiological correlates of self-concept-related characteristics and avatar identification in GD.
Recent Findings
The review was based on three literature researches on GD: (1) self-esteem, (2) emotional, social, and academic self-concept domains and avatar identification, and (3) neurobiological correlates of self-concept and avatar identification. The results indicate that GD is associated with decreased self-esteem as well as deficits in physical, social, and emotional self-concept domains. A relatively stable relationship between higher avatar identification and GD was reported in addicted gamers. Furthermore, addicted gamers showed increased activation of brain regions associated with Theory-of-Mind processing while contemplating their own avatar.
Summary
The results point towards impairments in self-concept and increased identification with the virtual gaming character in addicted gamers. This virtual compensation fosters the formation of an idealized self-concept, which grows increasingly distant from their own self-image. Thus, additional empirically based psychological interventions should focus on the development of a realistic self-image by reducing the dysfunctional discrepancy between the ideal self and the real self.
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