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Wang X, Lu C, Li X, Ye P, Ma J, Chen X. Exploring causal effects of gut microbiota and metabolites on body fat percentage using two-sample Mendelian randomization. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. [PMID: 38828839 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM The relationship between the gut microbiota, metabolites and body fat percentage (BFP) remains unexplored. We systematically assessed the causal relationships between gut microbiota, metabolites and BFP using Mendelian randomization analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with gut microbiota, blood metabolites and BFP were screened via a genome-wide association study enrolling individuals of European descent. Summary data from genome-wide association studies were extracted from the MiBioGen consortium and the UK Biobank. The inverse variance-weighted model was the primary method used to estimate these causal relationships. Sensitivity analyses were performed using pleiotropy, Mendelian randomization-Egger regression, heterogeneity tests and leave-one-out tests. RESULTS In the aspect of phyla, classes, orders, families and genera, we observed that o_Bifidobacteriales [β = -0.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.07 to -0.03; false discovery rate (FDR) = 2.76 × 10-3], f_Bifidobacteriaceae (β = -0.05; 95% CI: -0.07 to -0.07; FDR = 2.76 × 10-3), p_Actinobacteria (β = -0.06; 95% CI: -0.09 to -0.03; FDR = 6.36 × 10-3), c_Actinobacteria (β = -0.05; 95% CI: -0.08 to -0.02; FDR = 1.06 × 10-2), g_Bifidobacterium (β = -0.05; 95% CI: -0.07 to -0.02; FDR = 1.85 × 10-2), g_Ruminiclostridium9 (β = -0.03; 95% CI: -0.06 to -0.01; FDR = 4.81 × 10-2) were negatively associated with BFP. G_Olsenella (β = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01-0.03; FDR = 2.16 × 10-2) was positively associated with BFP. Among the gut microbiotas, f_Bifidobacteriales, o_Bifidobacteriales, c_Actinobacteria and p_Actinobacteria were shown to be significantly associated with BFP in the validated dataset. In the aspect of metabolites, we only observed that valine (β = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.5-1.04; FDR = 8.65 × 10-6) was associated with BFP. CONCLUSIONS Multiple gut microbiota and metabolites were strongly associated with an increased BFP. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this putative causality. In addition, BFP, a key indicator of obesity, suggests that obesity-related interventions can be developed from gut microbiota and metabolite perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wang
- AIage Life Science Corporation Ltd., Guangxi Free Trade Zone Aisheng Biotechnology Corporation Ltd., Nanning, China
| | - Chunrong Lu
- AIage Life Science Corporation Ltd., Guangxi Free Trade Zone Aisheng Biotechnology Corporation Ltd., Nanning, China
| | - Xiang Li
- AIage Life Science Corporation Ltd., Guangxi Free Trade Zone Aisheng Biotechnology Corporation Ltd., Nanning, China
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Pengpeng Ye
- AIage Life Science Corporation Ltd., Guangxi Free Trade Zone Aisheng Biotechnology Corporation Ltd., Nanning, China
| | - Jie Ma
- AIage Life Science Corporation Ltd., Guangxi Free Trade Zone Aisheng Biotechnology Corporation Ltd., Nanning, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- AIage Life Science Corporation Ltd., Guangxi Free Trade Zone Aisheng Biotechnology Corporation Ltd., Nanning, China
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Baghel K, Khan A, Kango N. Role of Synbiotics (Prebiotics and Probiotics) as Dietary Supplements in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Induced Health Complications. J Diet Suppl 2024:1-32. [PMID: 38622882 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2024.2340509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder whose prevalence has become a worrying condition in recent decades. Chronic diabetes can result in serious health conditions such as impaired kidney function, stroke, blindness, and myocardial infarction. Despite a variety of currently available treatments, cases of diabetes and its complications are on the rise. This review article provides a comprehensive account of the ameliorative effect of prebiotics and probiotics individually or in combination i.e. synbiotics on health complications induced by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Recent advances in the field underscore encouraging outcomes suggesting the consumption of synbiotics leads to favorable changes in the gut microbiota. These changes result in the production of bioactive metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (crucial for lowering blood sugar levels), reducing inflammation, preventing insulin resistance, and encouraging the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 in the host. Notably, novel strategies supplementing synbiotics to support gut microbiota are gaining attraction as pivotal interventions in mitigating T2DM-induced health complications. Thus, by nurturing a symbiotic relationship between prebiotics and probiotics i.e. synbiotics, these interventions hold promise in reshaping the microbial landscape of the gut thereby offering a multifaceted approach to managing T2DM and its associated morbidities. Supporting the potential of synbiotics underscores a paradigm shift toward holistic and targeted interventions in diabetes management, offering prospects for improved outcomes and enhanced quality of life for affected individuals. Nevertheless, more research needs to be done to better understand the single and multispecies pre/pro and synbiotics in the prevention and management of T2DM-induced health complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Baghel
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Aamir Khan
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Naveen Kango
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
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3
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Czarnowski P, Bałabas A, Kułaga Z, Kulecka M, Goryca K, Pyśniak K, Unrug-Bielawska K, Kluska A, Bagińska-Drabiuk K, Głowienka-Stodolak M, Piątkowska M, Dąbrowska M, Żeber-Lubecka N, Wierzbicka-Rucińska A, Kotowska A, Więckowski S, Mikula M, Kapuśniak J, Socha P, Ostrowski J. Effects of Soluble Dextrin Fiber from Potato Starch on Body Weight and Associated Gut Dysbiosis Are Evident in Western Diet-Fed Mice but Not in Overweight/Obese Children. Nutrients 2024; 16:917. [PMID: 38612951 PMCID: PMC11013109 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study investigated the impact of starch degradation products (SDexF) as prebiotics on obesity management in mice and overweight/obese children. METHODS A total of 48 mice on a normal diet (ND) and 48 on a Western diet (WD) were divided into subgroups with or without 5% SDexF supplementation for 28 weeks. In a human study, 100 overweight/obese children were randomly assigned to prebiotic and control groups, consuming fruit and vegetable mousse with or without 10 g of SDexF for 24 weeks. Stool samples were analyzed for microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and amino acids (AA) were assessed. RESULTS Results showed SDexF slowed weight gain in female mice on both diets but only temporarily in males. It altered bacterial diversity and specific taxa abundances in mouse feces. In humans, SDexF did not influence weight loss or gut microbiota composition, showing minimal changes in individual taxa. The anti-obesity effect observed in mice with WD-induced obesity was not replicated in children undergoing a weight-loss program. CONCLUSIONS SDexF exhibited sex-specific effects in mice but did not impact weight loss or microbiota composition in overweight/obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Czarnowski
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Aneta Bałabas
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
| | - Zbigniew Kułaga
- Public Health Department, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (Z.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Goryca
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
- Genomic Core Facility, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kazimiera Pyśniak
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Unrug-Bielawska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
| | - Anna Kluska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Bagińska-Drabiuk
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Głowienka-Stodolak
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
| | - Magdalena Piątkowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
| | - Michalina Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
| | - Natalia Żeber-Lubecka
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aldona Wierzbicka-Rucińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Aneta Kotowska
- Public Health Department, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (Z.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Sebastian Więckowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Eating Disorders, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (S.W.); (P.S.)
| | - Michał Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
| | - Janusz Kapuśniak
- Department of Dietetics and Food Studies, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland;
| | - Piotr Socha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Eating Disorders, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (S.W.); (P.S.)
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (K.P.); (K.U.-B.); (A.K.); (K.B.-D.); (M.G.-S.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (N.Ż.-L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Lu H, Shen M, Chen Y, Yu Q, Chen T, Xie J. Alleviative effects of natural plant polysaccharides against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis via inhibiting inflammation and modulating gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112630. [PMID: 37087227 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment usually involves either drug therapy or surgery. Natural food polysaccharides have showed great potential for preventing UC. In this study, the therapeutic effects of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja polysaccharide (CP) and Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mice UC model and their underlying mechanisms were explored. The results suggested that CP and CYP could improve colitis symptoms in DSS-induced mice, enhance the production of IL-10, inhibit cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and reduce MPO activity. Furthermore, they maintained the integrity of intestine by improving the expression of mucin MUC-2, ZO-1 and occludin, which in turn reduced the contents of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and endotoxin (ET) in serum and oxidative stress in liver. Finally, they modulated the composition and metabolism of gut microbiota. Notably, Alistipes and Bacteroides were the specific genera in CP and CYP groups, respectively. These findings indicated that polysaccharides might alleviate the development of colitis and inform other relevant studies.
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Song W, Sheng Q, Bai Y, Li L, Ning X, Liu Y, Song C, Wang T, Dong X, Luo Y, Hu J, Zhu L, Cui X, Chen B, Li L, Cai C, Cui H, Yue T. Obesity, but not high-fat diet, is associated with bone loss that is reversed via CD4 +CD25 +Foxp3 + Tregs-mediated gut microbiome of non-obese mice. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:14. [PMID: 37055440 PMCID: PMC10102288 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration, and increased bone fragility. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity also results in bone loss, which is associated with an imbalanced gut microbiome. However, whether HFD-induced obesity or HFD itself promotes osteoclastogenesis and consequent bone loss remains unclear. In this study, we developed HFD-induced obesity (HIO) and non-obesity (NO) mouse models to evaluate the effect of HFD on bone loss. NO mice were defined as body weight within 5% of higher or lower than that of chow diet fed mice after 10 weeks HFD feeding. NO was protected from HIO-induced bone loss by the RANKL /OPG system, with associated increases in the tibia tenacity, cortical bone mean density, bone volume of cancellous bone, and trabecular number. This led to increased bone strength and improved bone microstructure via the microbiome-short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) regulation. Additionally, endogenous gut-SCFAs produced by the NO mice activated free fatty acid receptor 2 and inhibited histone deacetylases, resulting in the promotion of Treg cell proliferation in the HFD-fed NO mice; thereby, inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, which can be transplanted by fecal microbiome. Furthermore, T cells from NO mice retain differentiation of osteoclast precursors of RAW 264.7 macrophages ex vivo. Our data reveal that HFD is not a deleterious diet; however, the induction of obesity serves as a key trigger of bone loss that can be blocked by a NO mouse-specific gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China.
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China.
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qinglin Sheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuying Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 226-8501, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Li Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150000, Harbin, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Nutritional Molecule Synthesis Transformation and Separation, 150000, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Ning
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150000, Harbin, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Nutritional Molecule Synthesis Transformation and Separation, 150000, Harbin, China
| | - Yangeng Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150000, Harbin, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Nutritional Molecule Synthesis Transformation and Separation, 150000, Harbin, China
| | - Chen Song
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150000, Harbin, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Nutritional Molecule Synthesis Transformation and Separation, 150000, Harbin, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150000, Harbin, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Nutritional Molecule Synthesis Transformation and Separation, 150000, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohua Dong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150000, Harbin, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Nutritional Molecule Synthesis Transformation and Separation, 150000, Harbin, China
| | - Yane Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinhong Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaole Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingling Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Congli Cai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Haobo Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China.
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China.
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China.
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Kambayashi A, Shirasaka Y. Food effects on gastrointestinal physiology and drug absorption. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:100488. [PMID: 36737277 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2022.100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Food ingestion affects the oral absorption of many drugs in humans. In this review article, we summarize the physiological factors in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that affect the in vivo performance of orally administered solid dosage forms in fasted and fed states in humans. In particular, we discuss the effects of food ingestion on fluid characteristics (pH, bile concentration, and volume) in the stomach and small intestine, GI transit of water and dosage forms, and microbiota. Additionally, case examples of food effects on GI physiology and subsequent changes in oral drug absorption are provided. Furthermore, the effects of food, especially fruit juices (e.g., grapefruit, orange, apple) and green tea, on transporter-mediated permeation and enzyme-catalyzed metabolism of drugs in intestinal epithelial cells are also summarized comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kambayashi
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-0072, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Shirasaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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Xiong W, Zhang B, Gu Z, Muir J, Dhital S. The microbiota and metabolites during the fermentation of intact plant cells depend on the content of starch, proteins and lipids in the cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:965-973. [PMID: 36526066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intact cells, as the smallest unit of whole foods, were isolated from three legume crops and fermented with human faecal inoculum to elucidate the effect of food macro-nutrients compositional difference (starch, proteins and lipids) on in vitro colonic fermentation profiles. After 48 h of fermentation, the highest production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were observed for the pea cells, abundance in starch (64.9 %, db). In contrast, branch chain fatty acids (BCFAs) were the major metabolites for protein-enriched soybean cells (protein content 56.9 %, db). The peanut cells rich in lipids (49.2 %, db) has the lowest fermentation rate among the three varieties. Correspondingly, pea cells favoured the growth of Bifidobacterium, whereas soybean and peanut cells promoted an abundance of Bacteroides and Shigella, respectively. Furthermore, except the intact pea cells promoting the abundance of butyrate producer Roseburia, a similar fermentation pattern was found between intact and broken cells suggesting that macro-nutrient types, rather than structure, dominate the production of metabolites in colonic fermentation. The findings elucidate how the food compositional difference can modulate the gut microbiome and thus provide the knowledge to design whole food legumes-based functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Xiong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Bin Zhang
- Sino-Singapore International Research Institute, Guangzhou 510555, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhipeng Gu
- Sino-Singapore International Research Institute, Guangzhou 510555, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jane Muir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Sushil Dhital
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Gao X, Fu C, Li M, Qi X, Jia X. Effects of Biodegradation of Corn-Starch-Sodium-Alginate-Based Liquid Mulch Film on Soil Microbial Functions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148631. [PMID: 35886488 PMCID: PMC9317586 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In response to the problems of the poor degradability and mechanical properties of liquid mulch, natural non-toxic polymer compound corn starch and sodium alginate were used to prepare fully biodegradable liquid mulch. The preparation conditions of the mulch were optimized, and the mechanical properties of the mulch and the changes in the microbial community in soil with the mulch degradation were analyzed. The corn-starch–sodium-alginate-based liquid mulch film had an optimum performance at a tensile strength of 0.145 MPa and an elongation at a break of 16.05%, which was attained by adding 33.33% sodium alginate, 50% glycerol 22 and 4% citric acid to corn starch after moist heat modification. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that the -COOH in sodium alginate could interact with the -OH in starch and glycerol through hydrogen bonding, thus, resulting in a denser structure and better mechanical properties of the liquid mulch as a non-crystalline material. The soil burial degradation study of mulch revealed that corn-starch–sodium-alginate-based liquid mulch degraded completely at 25 days macroscopically, and mulch degradation increased soil organic matter content. Microbial kinetic analysis showed that the abundance and diversity of the bacterial community decreased with the degradation of the mulch, which was conducive to the optimization of the bacterial community structure and function. Arthrobacter of the class Actinomycetes became the dominant microorganism, and its abundance increased by 16.48-times at 14 days of mulch degradation compared with that before degradation, and Acidophilus phylum (14 days) decreased by 99.33%. The abundance of fungal communities was elevated in relation to the main functional microorganisms involved in liquid mulch degradation, with Alternaria and Cladosporium of the Ascomycete phylum Zygomycetes being the most active at the early stage of mulch degradation (7 days), and the relative abundance of Blastocystis was significantly elevated at the late stage of mulch degradation (14 days), which increased by 13.32%. This study provides important support for the green and sustainable development of modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Gao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (X.G.); (C.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production, Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chenxing Fu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (X.G.); (C.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production, Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mingxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (M.L.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xuejiao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (M.L.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xuan Jia
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (X.G.); (C.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production, Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence:
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Lu H, Shen M, Chen T, Yu Y, Chen Y, Yu Q, Chen X, Xie J. Mesona chinensis Benth Polysaccharides Alleviate DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis via Inhibiting of TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathways and Modulating Intestinal Microbiota. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200047. [PMID: 35661585 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a severe disease of the intestinal tract. To investigate the role of TLR4/Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/Nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB) pathways and intestinal flora in UC, and the protective mechanisms of Mesona chinensis Benth polysaccharides (MBP), potential therapeutic agents due to their diabetes-relieving, cancer-suppressing, and immunomodulatory properties. METHODS AND RESULTS A dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse colitis model is used for experiments; the histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting's results suggest that MBP can alleviate the colitis symptoms, inhibits the overproduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, promote IL-10, reduces myeloperoxidase activity, and alleviates the inflammatory response probably by inhibiting the activation of TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB pathways. Furthermore, MBP improvs the ratio of Bcl-2/BAX, maintains the intestinal integrity by promoting the levels of zonulin occludin-1 (ZO-1), occluding and mucin mucin-2 (MUC-2), reduces the levels of endotoxin (ET), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) in serum, and oxidative stress in liver. Moreover, using 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing analysis, MBP regulates gut microbiota by decreasing the abundances of Helicobacter and Prevotella and increasing the abundances of Lactobacillus and Coprococcus, reverses microbiota dysbiosis caused by DSS. CONCLUSION These findings confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of MBP, restoration of the intestinal barrier and intestinal flora, and have therapeutic potential to attenuate the development of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Xianxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
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Effects of Resistant Dextrin from Potato Starch on the Growth Dynamics of Selected Co-Cultured Strains of Gastrointestinal Bacteria and the Activity of Fecal Enzymes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102158. [PMID: 35631299 PMCID: PMC9144799 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Preparations of resistant dextrins have become an interesting topic of research due to their properties, which bear resemblance those of prebiotics, e.g., the improvement of metabolic parameters, increased efficiency of the immune system and induction of vitamin production. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the resistant dextrin produced from potato starch on the growth dynamics of typical gastrointestinal microbiota and the activity of fecal enzymes in order to assess a possible exhibition of prebiotic properties. In the study, in vitro cultivation of co-cultures of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, E. coli, Enterococcus, Clostridium and Bacteroides spp. was conducted on media enriched with the resistant dextrin. The CFU/mL for each strain was measured in time periods of 24, 48, 72, 96 and 168 h. Furthermore, the activities of α-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase and β-glucuronidase were determined using spectrophotometric methods at a wavelength of 400 nm. The results show that the resistant dextrin can be utilized as a source of carbon for the growth of intestinal bacteria. Moreover, the results revealed that, after 168 h of cultivation, it enhances the viability of probiotic strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. and decreases the growth of other intestinal strains (Clostridium, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus and Bacteroides), which is demonstrated by a high Prebiotic Index (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant change in the pH of the cultures; however, the pace of the pH decrease during the cultivation was slower in the case of culture with resistant dextrin. Furthermore, it was revealed that usage of the resistant dextrin as a medium additive noticeably lowered the activities of β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase compared to the control (p < 0.05), whereas the activities of the other fecal enzymes were affected to a lesser degree. The resistant dextrins derived from potato starch are a suitable prebiotic candidate as they promote the growth of beneficial strains of gut bacteria and improve health markers, such as the activity of fecal enzymes. Nevertheless, additional in vivo research is necessary to further assess the suspected health-promoting properties.
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Li HY, Zhou DD, Gan RY, Huang SY, Zhao CN, Shang A, Xu XY, Li HB. Effects and Mechanisms of Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Postbiotics on Metabolic Diseases Targeting Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093211. [PMID: 34579087 PMCID: PMC8470858 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are serious threats to public health and related to gut microbiota. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics (PPSP) are powerful regulators of gut microbiota, thus possessing prospects for preventing metabolic diseases. Therefore, the effects and mechanisms of PPSP on metabolic diseases targeting gut microbiota are worth discussing and clarifying. Generally, PPSP benefit metabolic diseases management, especially obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The underlying gut microbial-related mechanisms are mainly the modulation of gut microbiota composition, regulation of gut microbial metabolites, and improvement of intestinal barrier function. Moreover, clinical trials showed the benefits of PPSP on patients with metabolic diseases, while the clinical strategies for gestational diabetes mellitus, optimal formula of synbiotics and health benefits of postbiotics need further study. This review fully summarizes the relationship between probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and metabolic diseases, presents promising results and the one in dispute, and especially attention is paid to illustrates potential mechanisms and clinical effects, which could contribute to the next research and development of PPSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (H.-Y.L.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (X.-Y.X.)
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (H.-Y.L.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (X.-Y.X.)
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China;
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (H.-Y.L.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (X.-Y.X.)
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (H.-Y.L.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (X.-Y.X.)
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (H.-Y.L.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (X.-Y.X.)
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (H.-Y.L.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (X.-Y.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-8733-2391
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12
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Jana UK, Kango N, Pletschke B. Hemicellulose-Derived Oligosaccharides: Emerging Prebiotics in Disease Alleviation. Front Nutr 2021; 8:670817. [PMID: 34386513 PMCID: PMC8353096 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.670817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota in the human body is an important component that plays a pivotal role in the ability of the host to prevent diseases and recover from these diseases. If the human microbiome changes for any reason, it affects the overall functioning of the host. Healthy and vigorous gut microbiota require dietary fiber supplementation. Recently, oligosaccharides have been found to play a significant role in the modulation of microbiota. Several such oligosaccharides, i.e., xylooligosaccharides (XOS), mannooligosaccharides (MOS), and arabino-xylooligosaccharides (AXOS), are derived from hemicellulosic macromolecules such as xylan, mannan, and arabino-xylan, respectively. These oligosaccharides serve as substrates for the probiotic production of health-promoting substances (short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids etc.), which confer a variety of health benefits, including the prevention of some dreaded diseases. Among hemicellulose-derived oligosaccharides (HDOs), XOS have been largely explored, whereas, studies on MOS and AXOS are currently underway. HDOs, upon ingestion, help reduce morbidities by lowering populations of harmful or pathogenic bacteria. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are mainly utilized for the uptake of oligosaccharides in probiotics. Butyrate generated by the selective fermentation of oligosaccharides, along with other short-chain fatty acids, reduces gut inflammation. Overall, oligosaccharides derived from hemicelluloses show a similar potential as conventional prebiotics and can be supplemented as functional foods. This review summarizes the role of HDOs in the alleviation of autoimmune diseases (inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease), diabetes, urinary tract infection, cardiovascular diseases, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the modulation of the gut microbiota. The mechanism of oligosaccharide utilization and disease mitigation is also explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Kumar Jana
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Naveen Kango
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Brett Pletschke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
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β-Elemene Suppresses Obesity-Induced Imbalance in the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070704. [PMID: 34206511 PMCID: PMC8301405 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a kind of metabolically triggered inflammation, obesity influences the interplay between the central nervous system and the enteral environment. The present study showed that β-elemene, which is contained in various plant substances, had effects on recovering the changes in metabolites occurring in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6 male mice brains, especially in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP). β-elemene also partially reversed HFD-induced changes in the composition and contents of mouse gut bacteria. Furthermore, we evaluated the interaction between cerebral metabolites and intestinal microbiota via Pearson correlations. The prediction results suggested that Firmicutes were possibly controlled by neuron integrity, cerebral inflammation, and neurotransmitters, and Bacteroidetes in mouse intestines might be related to cerebral aerobic respiration and the glucose cycle. Such results also implied that Actinobacteria probably affected cerebral energy metabolism. These findings suggested that β-elemene has regulatory effects on the imbalanced microbiota-gut-brain axis caused by obesity and, therefore, would contribute to the future study in on the interplay between cerebral metabolites from different brain regions and the intestinal microbiota of mice.
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14
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Time-restricted feeding is associated with changes in human gut microbiota related to nutrient intake. Nutrition 2020; 78:110797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Dong W, Huang K, Yan Y, Wan P, Peng Y, Zeng X, Cao Y. Long-Term Consumption of 2- O-β-d-Glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic Acid from the Fruits of Lycium barbarum Modulates Gut Microbiota in C57BL/6 Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8863-8874. [PMID: 32706586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The modulating effect of 2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG), a natural derivative of ascorbic acid from the fruits of Lycium barbarum, on mice gut microbiota was investigated in the present study. It was found that AA-2βG was able to adjust the structure of mice gut microbiota, elevated the relative abundances of Verrucomicrobia, Porphyromonadaceae, Verrucomicrobiaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae, and meanwhile reduced the relative abundances of Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae, Rikenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Bdellovibrionaceae, Anaeroplasmataceae, and Peptococcaceae. Through the linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis, the key microbiota that were found to be significantly changed after long-term consumption of AA-2βG were Ruminococcaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Rikenellaceae. In addition, AA-2βG could upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines, promote tight junctions between intestinal cells, facilitate the generation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and upregulate the mRNA expression level of SCFAs receptors, indicating that AA-2βG might promote organism health. The results demonstrated that AA-2βG might maintain organism health by modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaiyin Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yamei Yan
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Peng Wan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yujia Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Youlong Cao
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
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Tsafrakidou P, Michaelidou AM, G. Biliaderis C. Fermented Cereal-based Products: Nutritional Aspects, Possible Impact on Gut Microbiota and Health Implications. Foods 2020; 9:E734. [PMID: 32503142 PMCID: PMC7353534 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation, as a process to increase the security of food supply, represents an integral part of food culture development worldwide. Nowadays, in the evolving functional food era where new sophisticated technological tools are leading to significant transformations in the field of nutritional sciences and science-driven approaches for new product design, fermentation technology is brought to the forefront again since it provides a solid foundation for the development of safe food products with unique nutritional and functional attributes. Therefore, the objective of the present review is to summarize the most recent advances in the field of fermentation processes related to cereal-based products. More specifically, this paper addresses issues that are relevant to nutritional and health aspects, including their interrelation with intestinal (gut) microbiome diversity and function, although clinical trials and/or in vitro studies testing for cereal-based fermented products are still scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Tsafrakidou
- Dairy Research Institute, General Directorate of Agricultural Research, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER, Katsikas, 45221 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Alexandra-Maria Michaelidou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Costas G. Biliaderis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Gu W, Yang M, Bi Q, Zeng LX, Wang X, Dong JC, Li FJ, Yang XX, Li JP, Yu J. Water extract from processed Polygonum multiflorum modulate gut microbiota and glucose metabolism on insulin resistant rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:107. [PMID: 32248799 PMCID: PMC7132990 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of insulin resistance (IR) has rapidly increased worldwide over the last 20 years, no perfect solution has yet been identified. Finding new therapeutic drugs will help improve this situation. As a traditional Chinese medicine, PPM (processed Polygonum multiflorum) has widely been used in the clinic. Recently, other clinical functions of PPM have been widely analyzed. Results Administration of the water extract from PPM decreased the level of FBG, TC, and TG, and increased the level of FGC, thereby reducing the IR index and improving IR. Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed that PPM significantly increased GPR43 and AMPK expression when compared with the MOD group, and GPR43, AMPK were known as glucose metabolism-related proteins. In addition, treatment with PPM can restore the balance of gut microbiota by adjusting the relative abundance of bacteria both at the phylum and genus level, and these changes have been reported to be related to IR. Methods Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed a high-fat diet and were gavaged daily with either normal saline solution or PPM for 12 weeks. Major biochemical indexes, such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting glucagon (FGC), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were measured. Then the protein expression of adenosine 5′-monophosphate -activated protein kinase (AMPK) and G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) was evaluated by using Western blot analysis. Moreover, the composition of gut microbiota was assessed by analyzing 16S rRNA sequences. Conclusions Our findings showed that PPM reversed the increasing of FBG and the decreasing of IRI, PPM accelerated the expression of glucose metabolism-related proteins and regulated the intestinal microecological balance. Therefore, we hold the opinion that PPM may be an effective option for treating IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Bi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Xi Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Cai Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Jiao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Xin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ping Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
The review covers achievements and developments in the field of probiosis and prebiosis originating from sources other than dairy sources, mainly from plant material like cereals. The actual definitions of probiotic microorganisms, prebiotic, and postbiotic compounds and functional food are discussed. The presentation takes into account the relations between selected food components and their effect on probiotic bacteria, as well as effects on some health issues in humans. The review also focuses on the preservation of cereals using probiotic bacteria, adverse effects of probiotics and prebiotics, and novel possibilities for using probiotic bacteria in the food industry.
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Hu Q, Lu Y, Hu F, He S, Xu X, Niu Y, Zhang H, Li X, Su Q. Resistant dextrin reduces obesity and attenuates adipose tissue inflammation in high-fat diet-fed mice. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2611-2621. [PMID: 33162789 PMCID: PMC7645326 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.45723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistant dextrin (RD), a short chain glucose polymer, has been shown to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in clinical studies. However, the improvement of adipose tissue inflammation and specific mechanisms of RD supplementation in obesity have not been fully investigated. Therefore, we examined whether RD attenuates obesity and adipose tissue inflammation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a chow diet, a HFD or a HFD with RD supplementation for 12 weeks. Body weight (BW), fasting blood glucose (FBG), epididymal fat accumulation, serum total triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA) and inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10) were measured. Inflammation markers and macrophage infiltration in epididymal adipose tissue were observed. After 12 weeks of intervention, the body weight gain of mice in RD supplementation group was less than that in HFD group. FBG, epididymal fat accumulation, serum TG and FFA levels were reduced in RD supplementation group compared with HFD group. Moreover, serum and mRNA levels of IL-6 were significantly reduced in the RD supplementation group. In addition, RD supplementation reduced macrophage infiltration, regulated polarization of macrophage and inhibited NF-κB signaling in epididymal adipose tissue. In conclusion, RD reduces obesity and attenuates adipose tissue inflammation in HFD-fed mice, and the inhibition of NF-κB signaling may be a presumed mechanism for its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sunyue He
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yixin Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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20
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Cao SY, Zhao CN, Xu XY, Tang GY, Corke H, Gan RY, Li HB. Dietary plants, gut microbiota, and obesity: Effects and mechanisms. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Study of in vitro digestion of Tenebrio molitor flour for evaluation of its impact on the human gut microbiota. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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22
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Chen K, Xie K, Liu Z, Nakasone Y, Sakao K, Hossain A, Hou DX. Preventive Effects and Mechanisms of Garlic on Dyslipidemia and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061225. [PMID: 31146458 PMCID: PMC6627858 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) contains prebiotic components, fructans, antibacterial compounds, and organosulfur compounds. The complex ingredients of garlic seem to impart a paradoxical result on the gut microbiome. In this study, we used a mouse model to clarify the effects of whole garlic on the gut microbiome. C57BL/6N male mice were fed with or without whole garlic in normal diet (ND) or in high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Supplementation with whole garlic attenuated HFD-enhanced ratio of serum GPT/GOT (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase/glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), levels of T-Cho (total cholesterol) and LDLs (low-density lipoproteins), and index of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), but had no significant effect in the levels of serum HDL-c (high density lipoprotein cholesterol), TG (total triacylglycerol), and glucose. Moreover, garlic supplementation meliorated the HFD-reduced ratio of villus height/crypt depth, cecum weight, and the concentration of cecal organic acids. Finally, gut microbiota characterization by high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that whole garlic supplementation increased the α-diversity of the gut microbiome, especially increasing the relative abundance of f_Lachnospiraceae and reducing the relative abundance of g_Prevotella. Taken together, our data demonstrated that whole garlic supplementation could meliorate the HFD-induced dyslipidemia and disturbance of gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Chen
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Kun Xie
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Zhuying Liu
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | | | - Kozue Sakao
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
- Kenkoukazoku Co., Kagoshima 892-0848, Japan.
| | - Amzad Hossain
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
| | - De-Xing Hou
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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23
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Peng Y, Yan Y, Wan P, Chen D, Ding Y, Ran L, Mi J, Lu L, Zhang Z, Li X, Zeng X, Cao Y. Gut microbiota modulation and anti-inflammatory properties of anthocyanins from the fruits of Lycium ruthenicum Murray in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 136:96-108. [PMID: 30959170 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the therapeutic effects of crude anthocyanins (ACN) from the fruits of Lycium ruthenicum Murray and the main monomer of ACN, petunidin 3-O-[rhamnopyranosyl-(trans-p-coumaroyl)]-5-O-[β-d-glucopyranoside] (P3G), on the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice were investigated. Both ACN and P3G showed intestinal anti-inflammatory effects, evidenced by restoration of various physical signs (body weight, feed quantity, solid fecal weight and colon length were increased, and DAI score was decreased), reduction of the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and related mRNA (such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IFN-γ), and promotion of the intestinal barrier function by histological and immunofluorescence analysis (proteins such as ZO-1, occludin and claudin-1 were increased). Furthermore, the effects on gut microbiota community of DSS-induced colitis in mice have been investigated. It was found that Porphyromonadaceae, Helicobacter, Parasutterella, Parabacteroides, Oscillibacter and Lachnospiraceae were the key bacteria associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Taken together, P3G and ACN ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in mice through three aspects including blocking proinflammatory cytokines, increasing tight junction protein and modulating gut microbiota. What's more, P3G showed better anti-inflammatory effects than ACN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yamei Yan
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Peng Wan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linwu Ran
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Jia Mi
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Lu Lu
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhijuan Zhang
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Youlong Cao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China.
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24
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Chávez-Carbajal A, Nirmalkar K, Pérez-Lizaur A, Hernández-Quiroz F, Ramírez-Del-Alto S, García-Mena J, Hernández-Guerrero C. Gut Microbiota and Predicted Metabolic Pathways in a Sample of Mexican Women Affected by Obesity and Obesity Plus Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020438. [PMID: 30669548 PMCID: PMC6358992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an excessive fat accumulation that could lead to complications like metabolic syndrome. There are reports on gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome in relation to dietary, host genetics, and other environmental factors; however, it is necessary to explore the role of the gut microbiota metabolic pathways in populations like Mexicans, where the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome is high. This study identify alterations of the gut microbiota in a sample of healthy Mexican women (CO), women with obesity (OB), and women with obesity plus metabolic syndrome (OMS). We studied 67 women, characterizing their anthropometric and biochemical parameters along with their gut bacterial diversity by high-throughput DNA sequencing. Our results indicate that in OB or OMS women, Firmicutes was the most abundant bacterial phylum. We observed significant changes in abundances of bacteria belonging to the Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae families and significant enrichment of gut bacteria from 16 different taxa that might explain the observed metabolic alterations between the groups. Finally, the predicted functional metagenome of the gut microbiota found in each category shows differences in metabolic pathways related to lipid metabolism. We demonstrate that Mexican women have a particular bacterial gut microbiota characteristic of each phenotype. There are bacteria that potentially explain the observed metabolic differences between the groups, and gut bacteria in OMS and OB conditions carry more genes of metabolic pathways implicated in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Chávez-Carbajal
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav-IPN, Av IPN 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico.
| | - Khemlal Nirmalkar
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav-IPN, Av IPN 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico.
| | - Ana Pérez-Lizaur
- Departamento de Salud, Universidad Iberoamericana, Ciudad de México, Paseo de la Reforma 880, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico.
| | - Fernando Hernández-Quiroz
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav-IPN, Av IPN 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico.
| | - Silvia Ramírez-Del-Alto
- Departamento de Salud, Universidad Iberoamericana, Ciudad de México, Paseo de la Reforma 880, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico.
| | - Jaime García-Mena
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav-IPN, Av IPN 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico.
| | - César Hernández-Guerrero
- Departamento de Salud, Universidad Iberoamericana, Ciudad de México, Paseo de la Reforma 880, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico.
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25
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Effects of anthocyanins from the fruit of Lycium ruthenicum Murray on intestinal microbiota. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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26
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Gerhardt S, Mohajeri MH. Changes of Colonic Bacterial Composition in Parkinson's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2018; 10:E708. [PMID: 29857583 PMCID: PMC6024871 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years evidence has emerged that neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are strongly associated with the microbiome composition in the gut. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most intensively studied neurodegenerative disease in this context. In this review, we performed a systematic evaluation of the published literature comparing changes in colonic microbiome in PD to the ones observed in other NDs including Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To enhance the comparability of different studies, only human case-control studies were included. Several studies showed an increase of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Verrucomicrobiaceae and Akkermansia in PD. A decrease of Faecalibacterium spp., Coprococcus spp., Blautia spp., Prevotella spp. and Prevotellaceae was observed in PD. On a low taxonomic resolution, like the phylum level, the changes are not disease-specific and are inconsistent. However, on a higher taxonomic resolution like genus or species level, a minor overlap was observed between PD and MSA, both alpha synucleinopathies. We show that standardization of sample collection and analysis is necessary for ensuring the reproducibility and comparability of data. We also provide evidence that assessing the microbiota composition at high taxonomic resolution reveals changes in relative abundance that may be specific to or characteristic of one disease or disease group, and might evolve discriminative power. The interactions between bacterial species and strains and the co-abundances must be investigated before assumptions about the effects of specific bacteria on the host can be made with certainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gerhardt
- Departement of human medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - M Hasan Mohajeri
- Departement of human medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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27
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Binda C, Lopetuso LR, Rizzatti G, Gibiino G, Cennamo V, Gasbarrini A. Actinobacteria: A relevant minority for the maintenance of gut homeostasis. Dig Liver Dis 2018; 50:421-428. [PMID: 29567414 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Actinobacteria are one the four major phyla of the gut microbiota and, although they represent only a small percentage, are pivotal in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. During the last decade many studies focused the attention on Actinobacteria, especially on their role both in gastrointestinal and systemic diseases and on their possible therapeutic use. In fact, classes of this phylum, especially Bifidobacteria, are widely used as probiotic demonstrating beneficial effects in many pathological conditions, even if larger in vivo studies are needed to confirm such encouraging results. This review aims to explore the current knowledge on their physiological functions and to speculate on their possible therapeutic role(s) in gastrointestinal and systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Binda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart of Rome, A. Gemelli Hospital, Italy
| | - Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart of Rome, A. Gemelli Hospital, Italy
| | - Gianenrico Rizzatti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart of Rome, A. Gemelli Hospital, Italy
| | - Giulia Gibiino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart of Rome, A. Gemelli Hospital, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cennamo
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, AUSL Bologna Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart of Rome, A. Gemelli Hospital, Italy.
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28
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Xiao L, Yang B, Liu X, Luo Y, Ji Q, Wen Z, Liu Z, Yang PC. Kinetic changes of intestinal microbiota in the course of intestinal sensitization. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81197-81207. [PMID: 27783988 PMCID: PMC5348386 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy (FA) is an adverse immune response to certain innocent food. It is estimated about 2% to 6% of the general population suffer from FA. Symptoms of a food allergic reaction may involve the gastrointestinal tract or/and other organs. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in diet-induced health problems. Whether the changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota regulate allergic responses to food remains poorly understood. Thus, we created an FA animal model, sequenced the V4-V5 regions of 16S rRNA genes to characterize the genera abundance of gut microbiota. The results showed that mice under FA condition showed different gut bacterial structures. Diverse distribution of the bacterial species was identified between FA and control groups. FA altered the components of intestinal Microbiota in mice. The dysbiosis of the gut metagenome correlated with the development of the FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xiao
- The Research Center of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China.,BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Bo Yang
- The Research Center of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- The Research Center of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yan Luo
- The Research Center of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qiongmei Ji
- The Research Center of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhong Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- The Research Center of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ping-Chang Yang
- The Research Center of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
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29
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Khlestkin VK, Peltek SE, Kolchanov NA. Review of direct chemical and biochemical transformations of starch. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:460-476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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30
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Low amounts of dietary fibre increase in vitro production of short-chain fatty acids without changing human colonic microbiota structure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:435. [PMID: 29323180 PMCID: PMC5765155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of various prebiotics (indigestible dextrin, α-cyclodextrin, and dextran) on human colonic microbiota at a dosage corresponding to a daily intake of 6 g of prebiotics per person (0.2% of dietary intake). We used an in vitro human colonic microbiota model based on batch fermentation starting from a faecal inoculum. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that addition of 0.2% prebiotics did not change the diversity and composition of colonic microbiota. This finding coincided with results from a clinical study showing that the microbiota composition of human faecal samples remained unchanged following administration of 6 g of prebiotics over seven days. However, compared to absence of prebiotics, their addition reduced the pH and increased the generation of acetate and propionate in the in vitro system. Thus, even at such relatively low amounts, prebiotics appear capable of activating the metabolism of colonic microbiota.
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31
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Zheng CJ, Liu R, Xue B, Luo J, Gao L, Wang Y, Ou S, Li S, Peng X. Impact and consequences of polyphenols and fructooligosaccharide interplay on gut microbiota in rats. Food Funct 2017; 8:1925-1932. [PMID: 28451660 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01783e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Both fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and polyphenols can be individually and directly transferred to the large intestine of mammals and are beneficial for human health as they reshape the composition of gut microbiota. The combination impact of FOS and polyphenols on rats' gut microbiota and the corresponding consequences on rats were investigated via MiSeq sequencing technique and bioinformatics. The results showed that the combination of different phenolic compounds and FOS displayed distinct impact on the host. The addition of catechin to a FOS diet inhibited Firmicutes and enhanced Bacteroidetes. Moreover, the content of each short chain fatty acid fluctuated in various groups because different unique bacterial species survived or were inhibited under three conditions. On the other aspects, the supplement of catechin controlled the body weight (BW), up-regulated serum leptin, induced more soluble carbohydrates and less soluble polysaccharides in feces, and inhibited or activated some specific genera. The inhibition of genera by catechin could be responsible for the degradation of carbohydrates in gut and the activation of genera might be keystones for the increment of serum leptin. The effect of consuming FOS and/or polyphenols on the health of hosts needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Jin Zheng
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 528458, China
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32
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Seo KH, Kim DH, Jeong D, Yokoyama W, Kim H. Chardonnay grape seed flour supplemented diets alter intestinal microbiota in diet-induced obese mice. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ho Seo
- KU Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong; Gwangjin-gu Seoul South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- KU Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong; Gwangjin-gu Seoul South Korea
| | - Dana Jeong
- KU Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong; Gwangjin-gu Seoul South Korea
| | | | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Hanyang University; Seongdong-gu Seoul South Korea
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