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Aftabi H, Sagl B, Lloyd JE, Prisman E, Hodgson A, Fels S. To what extent can mastication functionality be restored following mandibular reconstruction surgery? A computer modeling approach. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 250:108174. [PMID: 38640839 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Advanced cases of head and neck cancer involving the mandible often require surgical removal of diseased sections and subsequent replacement with donor bone. During the procedure, the surgeon must make decisions regarding which bones or tissues to resect. This requires balancing tradeoffs related to issues such as surgical access and post-operative function; however, the latter is often difficult to predict, especially given that long-term functionality also depends on the impact of post-operative rehabilitation programs. PURPOSE To assist in surgical decision-making, we present an approach for estimating the effects of reconstruction on key aspects of post-operative mandible function. MATERIAL AND METHODS We develop dynamic biomechanical models of the reconstructed mandible considering different defect types and validate them using literature data. We use these models to estimate the degree of functionality that might be achieved following post-operative rehabilitation. RESULTS We find significant potential for restoring mandibular functionality, even in cases involving large defects. This entails an average trajectory error below 2 mm, bite force comparable to a healthy individual, improved condyle mobility, and a muscle activation change capped at a maximum of 20%. CONCLUSION These results suggest significant potential for adaptability in the masticatory system and improved post-operative rehabilitation, leading to greater restoration of jaw function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Aftabi
- Department of ECE, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada.
| | - Benedikt Sagl
- Center for Clinical Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - John E Lloyd
- Department of ECE, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Eitan Prisman
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, Vancouver, V5Z 1M9, BC, Canada
| | - Antony Hodgson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Sidney Fels
- Department of ECE, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
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Oshima E, Hayashi Y, Xie Z, Sato H, Hitomi S, Shibuta I, Urata K, Ni J, Iwata K, Shirota T, Shinoda M. M2 macrophage-derived cathepsin S promotes peripheral nerve regeneration via fibroblast-Schwann cell-signaling relay. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:258. [PMID: 37946211 PMCID: PMC10636844 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although peripheral nerves have an intrinsic self-repair capacity following damage, functional recovery is limited in patients. It is a well-established fact that macrophages accumulate at the site of injury. Numerous studies indicate that the phenotypic shift from M1 macrophage to M2 macrophage plays a crucial role in the process of axon regeneration. This polarity change is observed exclusively in peripheral macrophages but not in microglia and CNS macrophages. However, the molecular basis of axonal regeneration by M2 macrophage is not yet fully understood. Herein, we aimed to identify the M2 macrophage-derived axon regeneration factor. METHODS We established a peripheral nerve injury model by transection of the inferior alveolar nerve (IANX) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Transcriptome analysis was performed on the injured nerve. Recovery from sensory deficits in the mandibular region and histological reconnection of IAN after IANX were assessed in rats with macrophage depletion by clodronate. We investigated the effects of adoptive transfer of M2 macrophages or M2-derived cathepsin S (CTSS) on the sensory deficit. CTSS initiating signaling was explored by western blot analysis in IANX rats and immunohistochemistry in co-culture of primary fibroblasts and Schwann cells (SCs). RESULTS Transcriptome analysis revealed that CTSS, a macrophage-selective lysosomal protease, was upregulated in the IAN after its injury. Spontaneous but partial recovery from a sensory deficit in the mandibular region after IANX was abrogated by macrophage ablation at the injured site. In addition, a robust induction of c-Jun, a marker of the repair-supportive phenotype of SCs, after IANX was abolished by macrophage ablation. As in transcriptome analysis, CTSS was upregulated at the injured IAN than in the intact IAN. Endogenous recovery from hypoesthesia was facilitated by supplementation of CTSS but delayed by pharmacological inhibition or genetic silencing of CTSS at the injured site. Adoptive transfer of M2-polarized macrophages at this site facilitated sensory recovery dependent on CTSS in macrophages. Post-IANX, CTSS caused the cleavage of Ephrin-B2 in fibroblasts, which, in turn, bound EphB2 in SCs. CTSS-induced Ephrin-B2 cleavage was also observed in human sensory nerves. Inhibition of CTSS-induced Ephrin-B2 signaling suppressed c-Jun induction in SCs and sensory recovery. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that M2 macrophage-derived CTSS contributes to axon regeneration by activating SCs via Ephrin-B2 shedding from fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Oshima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 142-8515, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
| | - Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hitoshi Sato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 142-8515, Japan
| | - Suzuro Hitomi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Ikuko Shibuta
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kentaro Urata
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shirota
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 142-8515, Japan
| | - Masamichi Shinoda
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
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Ma KSK, Peacock ZS, Tsao CH, Wei JCC, Wang LT. Inflammatory pathogenesis linking juvenile idiopathic arthritis and obstructive sleep apnea. Int J Rheum Dis 2023; 26:1840-1843. [PMID: 37150532 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sheng-Kai Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zachary S Peacock
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chien-Han Tsao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzu Wang
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Gadonski AP, Carletti TM, de Medeiros MMD, Rodrigues Garcia RCM. Effects of tongue lesions and palatal coverage on oral sensory functions. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00341-4. [PMID: 37357083 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Oral stereognosis (OS) plays a significant role in the oral rehabilitation of patients with edentulism, as it influences their adaptation to new prostheses. Because of the essentially tactile characteristic of oral sensory perception, the tongue and palate appear to have a crucial function in OS. However, little is known about the influence of tongue lesions on OS and sensorial function. In addition, controversies remain regarding the role of the palate. PURPOSE The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate whether tongue lesions and palatal coverage are disruptive to OS and gustatory function. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy participants (mean age=30.7 ±6.7 years) were divided into a tongue lesion group (experimental; n=35) and a control group (n=35). The tongue lesion group included participants with geographic, fissured, or hairy tongue. OS was evaluated with the oral stereognosis ability (OSA) test. Gustatory function was assessed with exposure to flavored solutions. After completing the above tests, the participants received a palate covering device, and then OS and gustatory function were immediately reevaluated. Data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests (α=.05). RESULTS OSA and gustatory function scores did not differ among the tongue lesion and control groups with and without palatal coverage (all P>.05). After palatal coverage, the tongue lesion group took more time to perform the OSA test than the control group (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Neither the presence of tongue lesions nor palatal coverage influenced OS or gustatory function. The OSA test response times were longer for the tongue lesion group after they had received palatal coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Gadonski
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita Malini Carletti
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Marinho Davino de Medeiros
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Ma J, Lee YK. The effects of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking on salty taste preferences based on Korean Community Health Survey data. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:487-502. [PMID: 37266114 PMCID: PMC10232194 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.3.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Excessive sodium intake, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption are risk factors for a wide range of diseases. This study aimed to determine whether smokers and drinkers are more likely to enjoy their food with more salt, and whether the combination of smoking and drinking is associated with salty taste preferences. SUBJECTS/METHODS This study analyzed the data of over 16 million Koreans from two four-year Korean Community Health Survey cycles (i.e., 2010 to 2013 and 2014 to 2017). The respondents' preferences for salty foods (i.e., their salt intake levels, whether they added salt or soy sauce to foods served on the table, and whether they dipped fried foods in salt or soy sauce), and the odds ratio (OR) of their preference were examined among smokers and drinkers when adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, educational level, household income, marital status, and cigarette smoking or alcohol consumption status. RESULTS Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were correlated with the consumption of salty food. Based on the adjusted model, cigarette smokers and alcohol drinkers preferred adding salt or soy sauce or dipping fried foods in soybean more than non-smokers and non-drinkers. In addition, people who smoked and consumed alcohol reported a more significant stacking effect regarding the salty taste preference. CONCLUSION This large population-based study found that both cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were correlated with salty taste preferences, which may cause excessive sodium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Yeon-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Dong G, Kogan S, Venugopal N, Chang E, He L, Faal F, Shi Y, Phillips McCluskey L. Interleukin (IL)-1 Receptor Signaling Is Required for Complete Taste Bud Regeneration and the Recovery of Neural Taste Responses following Axotomy. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3439-3455. [PMID: 37015809 PMCID: PMC10184746 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1355-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental or traumatic nerve injury causes the degeneration of associated taste buds. Unlike most sensory systems, the sectioned nerve and associated taste buds can then regenerate, restoring neural responses to tastants. It was previously unknown whether injury-induced immune factors mediate this process. The proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β, and their requisite receptor are strongly expressed by anterior taste buds innervated by the chorda tympani nerve. We tested taste bud regeneration and functional recovery in mice lacking the IL-1 receptor. After axotomy, the chorda tympani nerve regenerated but was initially unresponsive to tastants in both WT and Il1r KO mice. In the absence of Il1r signaling, however, neural taste responses remained minimal even >8 weeks after injury in both male and female mice, whereas normal taste function recovered by 3 weeks in WT mice. Failed recovery was because of a 57.8% decrease in regenerated taste buds in Il1r KO compared with WT axotomized mice. Il1a gene expression was chronically dysregulated, and the subset of regenerated taste buds were reinnervated more slowly and never reached full volume as progenitor cell proliferation lagged in KO mice. Il1r signaling is thus required for complete taste bud regeneration and the recovery of normal taste transmission, likely by impairing taste progenitor cell proliferation. This is the first identification of a cytokine response that promotes taste recovery. The remarkable plasticity of the taste system makes it ideal for identifying injury-induced mechanisms mediating successful regeneration and recovery.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Taste plays a critical role in nutrition and quality of life. The adult taste system is highly plastic and able to regenerate following the disappearance of most taste buds after experimental nerve injury. Several growth factors needed for taste bud regeneration have been identified, but we demonstrate the first cytokine pathway required for the recovery of taste function. In the absence of IL-1 cytokine signaling, taste bud regeneration is incomplete, preventing the transmission of taste activity to the brain. These results open a new direction in revealing injury-specific mechanisms that could be harnessed to promote the recovery of taste perception after trauma or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangkuo Dong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Schuyler Kogan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Natasha Venugopal
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Eddy Chang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Lianying He
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Fama Faal
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
- Division of Biostatistics and Data Science, Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Lynnette Phillips McCluskey
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
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Huang HH, Ma KSK, Wu MY, Hung YM, Tsao CH, Wei JCC, Wen WS, Wang YH, Hung SY, Chao MM. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea are at great risk of flavor disorders: a 15-year population-based cohort study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:183-192. [PMID: 36129542 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) results from upper airway remodeling, which has been suggested to alter sensory and motor neuron function due to hypoxia or snore vibration. This study investigated whether OSA was associated with the risk of flavor disorder (FD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven thousand and eight hundred sixty-five patients with OSA and 7865 propensity score-matched controls without OSA were enrolled between 1999 and 2013 through a nationwide cohort study. The propensity score matching was based on age, sex, comorbidities including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, ankylosing spondylitis, and Charlson comorbidity index, and co-medications during the study period, including statins and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of incident FD following OSA was derived using a Cox proportional hazard model. A log-rank test was used to evaluate the time-dependent effect of OSA on FD. Age, sex, comorbidities, and co-medications were stratified to identify subgroups susceptible to OSA-associated FD. RESULTS Patients with OSA were at a significantly great risk of FD (aHR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.08-3.38), which was time-dependent (log-rank test p = 0.013). Likewise, patients with hyperlipidemia were at a significant great risk of FD (aHR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.33-6.69). Subgroup analysis revealed that female patients with OSA were at higher risks of FD (aHR = 2.39, 95%CI = 1.05-5.47). CONCLUSIONS Patients with OSA were at significantly great risk of incident FD during the 15-year follow-up period, especially in female patients with OSA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Timely interventions for OSA may prevent OSA-associated FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hsin Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Sheng-Kai Ma
- Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, College of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-You Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Min Hung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Han Tsao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Sheng Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hu B, Lv X, Wei L, Wang Y, Zheng G, Yang C, Zang F, Wang J, Li J, Wu X, Yue Z, Xiao Q, Shao Z, Yuan W, Li J, Cao P, Xu C, Chen H. Sensory Nerve Maintains Intervertebral Disc Extracellular Matrix Homeostasis Via CGRP/CHSY1 Axis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202620. [PMID: 36047655 PMCID: PMC9596848 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sensory nerves are long being recognized as collecting units of various outer stimuli; recent advances indicate that the sensory nerve also plays pivotal roles in maintaining organ homeostasis. Here, this study shows that sensory nerve orchestrates intervertebral disc (IVD) homeostasis by regulating its extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism. Specifically, genetical sensory denervation of IVD results in loss of IVD water preserve molecule chondroitin sulfate (CS), the reduction of CS bio-synthesis gene chondroitin sulfate synthase 1 (CHSY1) expression, and dysregulated ECM homeostasis of IVD. Particularly, knockdown of sensory neuros calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression induces similar ECM metabolic disorder compared to sensory nerve denervation model, and this effect is abolished in CHSY1 knockout mice. Furthermore, in vitro evidence shows that CGRP regulates nucleus pulposus cell CHSY1 expression and CS synthesis via CGRP receptor component receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling. Therapeutically, local injection of forskolin significantly attenuates IVD degeneration progression in mouse annulus fibrosus puncture model. Overall, these results indicate that sensory nerve maintains IVD ECM homeostasis via CGRP/CHSY1 axis and promotes IVD repair, and this expands the understanding concerning how IVD links to sensory nerve system, thus shedding light on future development of novel therapeutical strategy to IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Spine CenterDepartment of OrthopedicsChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200003China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of OrthopaedicsUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Leixin Wei
- Spine CenterDepartment of OrthopedicsChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200003China
| | - Yunhao Wang
- Spine CenterDepartment of OrthopedicsChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200003China
| | - Genjiang Zheng
- Spine CenterDepartment of OrthopedicsChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200003China
| | - Chen Yang
- Spine CenterDepartment of OrthopedicsChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200003China
| | - Fazhi Zang
- Spine CenterDepartment of OrthopedicsChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200003China
| | - Jianxi Wang
- Spine CenterDepartment of OrthopedicsChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200003China
| | - Jing Li
- Spine CenterDepartment of OrthopedicsChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200003China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Spine CenterDepartment of OrthopedicsChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200003China
| | - Zhihao Yue
- Spine CenterDepartment of OrthopedicsChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200003China
| | - Qiangqiang Xiao
- Spine CenterDepartment of OrthopedicsChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200003China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of OrthopaedicsUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Spine CenterDepartment of OrthopedicsChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200003China
| | - Jinsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular AndrologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of ScienceShanghai200031China
| | - Peng Cao
- Spine CenterDepartment of OrthopedicsChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200003China
| | - Chen Xu
- Spine CenterDepartment of OrthopedicsChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200003China
| | - Huajiang Chen
- Spine CenterDepartment of OrthopedicsChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200003China
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Lakshmanan HG, Miller E, White-Canale A, McCluskey LP. Immune responses in the injured olfactory and gustatory systems: a role in olfactory receptor neuron and taste bud regeneration? Chem Senses 2022; 47:bjac024. [PMID: 36152297 PMCID: PMC9508897 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory cells that specialize in transducing olfactory and gustatory stimuli are renewed throughout life and can regenerate after injury unlike their counterparts in the mammalian retina and auditory epithelium. This uncommon capacity for regeneration offers an opportunity to understand mechanisms that promote the recovery of sensory function after taste and smell loss. Immune responses appear to influence degeneration and later regeneration of olfactory sensory neurons and taste receptor cells. Here we review surgical, chemical, and inflammatory injury models and evidence that immune responses promote or deter chemosensory cell regeneration. Macrophage and neutrophil responses to chemosensory receptor injury have been the most widely studied without consensus on their net effects on regeneration. We discuss possible technical and biological reasons for the discrepancy, such as the difference between peripheral and central structures, and suggest directions for progress in understanding immune regulation of chemosensory regeneration. Our mechanistic understanding of immune-chemosensory cell interactions must be expanded before therapies can be developed for recovering the sensation of taste and smell after head injury from traumatic nerve damage and infection. Chemosensory loss leads to decreased quality of life, depression, nutritional challenges, and exposure to environmental dangers highlighting the need for further studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari G Lakshmanan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Elayna Miller
- Department of Medical Illustration, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - AnnElizabeth White-Canale
- Department of Medical Illustration, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lynnette P McCluskey
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Thomas DC, Chablani D, Parekh S, Pichammal RC, Shanmugasundaram K, Pitchumani PK. Dysgeusia: A review in the context of COVID-19. J Am Dent Assoc 2021; 153:251-264. [PMID: 34799014 PMCID: PMC8595926 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Taste disorders in general, and dysgeusia in particular, are relatively common disorders that may be a sign of a more complex acute or chronic medical condition. During the COVID-19 pandemic, taste disorders have found their way into the realm of general as well as specialty dentistry, with significance in screening for patients who potentially may have the virus. Types of Studies Reviewed The authors searched electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar) for studies focused on dysgeusia, ageusia, and other taste disorders and their relationship to local and systemic causes. Results The authors found pertinent literature explaining the normal physiology of taste sensation, proposals for suggested new tastes, presence of gustatory receptors in remote tissues of the body, and etiology and pathophysiology of taste disorders, in addition to the valuable knowledge gained about gustatory disorders in the context of COVID-19. Along with olfactory disorders, taste disorders are one of the earliest suggestive symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Conclusions Gustatory disorders are the result of local or systemic etiology or both. Newer taste sensations, such as calcium and fat tastes, have been discovered, as well as taste receptors that are remote from the oropharyngeal area. Literature published during the COVID-19 pandemic to date reinforces the significance of early detection of potential patients with COVID-19 by means of screening for recent-onset taste disorders. Practical Implications Timely screening and identification of potential gustatory disorders are paramount for the dental care practitioner to aid in the early diagnosis of COVID-19 and other serious systemic disorders.
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Voniati L, Papaleontiou A, Georgiou R, Tafiadis D. The Effectiveness of Oral Sensorimotor Intervention in Children with Feeding Disorders. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40474-021-00236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Berube L, Duffy VB, Hayes JE, Hoffman HJ, Rawal S. Associations between chronic cigarette smoking and taste function: Results from the 2013-2014 national health and nutrition examination survey. Physiol Behav 2021; 240:113554. [PMID: 34375623 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We identified associations between cigarette-smoking and taste function in the U.S. NHANES 2013-2014. Adults ≥ 40 years (n = 2849, nearly half former or current smokers) rated whole-mouth and tongue-tip bitter (1 mM quinine) and salt (1 M NaCl, 0.32 M NaCl) intensities and reported smoking history (pack years, PY), dependence (time to first cigarette, TTFC) and menthol/non-menthol use. Perceived intensity on the tongue-tip averaged just below moderate for quinine and moderate to strong for 1 M NaCl. Current chronic smokers (≥ 20 PY) reported lower bitter and salty intensities on the tongue-tip (β: -2.0, 95% CI: -3.7 to -0.4 and β: -3.6, 95% CI: -6.9 to -0.3, respectively) than never smokers. Similarly, compared to never smokers, dependent current smokers (TTFC ≤ 30 min) and dependent chronic smokers (≥ 20 PY, TTFC ≤ 30 min) rated less bitter (β: -2.0, 95% CI: -4.0 to 0.1 and β: -2.9, 95% CI: -4.5 to -1.3, respectively) and salty (β: -5.3, 95% CI: -9.3 to -1.4 and β: -4.7, 95% CI: -8.6 to -0.7, respectively) intensities on the tongue-tip. Depressed tongue-tip intensity in dependent smokers (with/without chronicity) versus never smokers was significant in younger (40-65 years), but not older (> 65 years) adults. Former smokers, non-chronic/less dependent smokers, and menthol smokers were more likely to report elevated whole-mouth quinine and 1 M NaCl intensities. Tongue-tip and whole-mouth taste intensity concordance varied between smokers and never smokers-current dependent smokers were more likely to rate tongue-tip quinine and NaCl lower than their respective whole-mouth tastants (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0 to 3.1 and OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1 to 2.8, respectively). In summary, these U.S. nationally-representative data show that current smoking with chronicity and/or dependence associates with lower tongue-tip intensity for bitter and salty stimuli. Smokers with greater exposure to nicotine and/or dependence showed greater risk of taste alterations, with implications for diet- and smoking-related health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Berube
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, Rutgers School of Health Professions, 65 Bergen St., Newark, NJ 07107-1709, United States
| | - Valerie B Duffy
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, 358 Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
| | - John E Hayes
- Sensory Evaluation Center, The Pennsylvania State University, 220 Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 220 Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Howard J Hoffman
- Epidemiology and Statistics Program, Division of Scientific Programs, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, (NIH), 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Shristi Rawal
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, Rutgers School of Health Professions, 65 Bergen St., Newark, NJ 07107-1709, United States.
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13
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Impact of Very Hot Drink Consumption Habits, Age, and Sex, on Taste Sensitivity. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051139. [PMID: 34065269 PMCID: PMC8161158 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The temperature range for consuming hot drinks includes temperatures that can damage cells on the tongue. We hypothesized that the consumption of very hot drinks can lead to a decrease in the ability to perceive low concentrations of tastants. We evaluated the ability to perceive low concentrations of five prototypical sapid compounds in 42 women and 40 men aged 18-65. A questionnaire made it possible to collect the usual frequencies (number of unit/day) and consumption temperature levels (medium hot/very hot) for four very common hot drinks (coffee, tea, herbal infusions, and hot chocolate). Our results showed that subjects who consumed very hot drinks (versus medium hot) were less sensitive to sweet (p = 0.020) and salty (p = 0.046) tastes. An aggravating effect of high consumption frequencies was only shown for sweet taste (p = 0.036). Moreover, our data also showed that women were more sensitive than men to sour, bitter, and umami tastes (p values < 0.05), as well as that taste sensitivity decreases with age, especially after 50 years old (all tastes; p values < 0.05). These findings strengthen our knowledge about the influence of sex and age on taste sensitivity, and they provide knowledge on the influence of consumption habits related to hot drinks on taste sensitivity.
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Choi MJ, Choi JH, Park YS, Park KS, Lee JS. Identification of genes involved in neuronal cell death and recovery over time in rat axotomy and neurorrhaphy models through RNA sequencing. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 113:103628. [PMID: 33962001 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial nerves are frequently injured during cosmetic or other types of facial surgery. However, information on the genes involved in the damage and recovery of the facial nerves is limited. Here, we aimed to identify the genes affected by facial nerve injury and repair using next-generation sequencing. We established a rat axotomy model and a parallel epineurial neurorrhaphy model, in which gene expression was analyzed from 3 days to 8 weeks after surgery. We discovered that ARRB1, SGK1, and GSK3B genes associated with neuronal cell death were upregulated in the axotomy model. In contrast, MFRP, MDK, and ACE genes involved in neural recovery and regeneration exhibited higher expression in the neurorrhaphy model. In the present study, the analysis of the big data obtained from the next-generation sequencing (RNA-seq) technology reveals that the expression of genes involved in neuronal cell death is induced during nerve damage, and those associated with neural recovery are more abundantly expressed during repair processes. These results are considered to be useful for the establishment of the treatment of related diseases and basic research in various neuroscience fields by utilizing damage and recovery mechanism of facial nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Jung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Hee Choi
- Institute for Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery, General Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Serk Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Suk Lee
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Of all the oral sensations that are experienced, "metallic" is one that is rarely reported in healthy participants. So why, then, do chemotherapy patients so frequently report that "metallic" sensations overpower and interfere with their enjoyment of food and drink? This side-effect of chemotherapy-often referred to (e.g., by patients) as "metal mouth"-can adversely affect their appetite, resulting in weight loss, which potentially endangers (or at the very least slows) their recovery. The etiology of "metal mouth" is poorly understood, and current management strategies are largely unevidenced. As a result, patients continue to suffer as a result of this poorly understood phenomenon. Here, we provide our perspective on the issue, outlining the evidence for a range of possible etiologies, and highlighting key research questions. We explore the evidence for "metallic" as a putative taste, and whether "metal mouth" might therefore be a form of phantageusia, perhaps similar to already-described "release-of-inhibition" phenomena. We comment on the possibility that "metal mouth" may simply be a direct effect of chemotherapy drugs. We present the novel theory that "metal mouth" may be linked to chemotherapy-induced sensitization of TRPV1. Finally, we discuss the evidence for retronasal olfaction of lipid oxidation products in the etiology of "metal mouth." This article seeks principally to guide much-needed future research which will hopefully one day provide a basis for the development of novel supportive therapies for future generations of patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J M Reith
- Oxford Medical School, Medical Sciences Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK
| | - Charles Spence
- Crossmodal Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, UK
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16
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Trius‐Soler M, Santillán‐Alarcón DA, Martínez‐Huélamo M, Lamuela‐Raventós RM, Moreno JJ. Effect of physiological factors, pathologies, and acquired habits on the sweet taste threshold: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3755-3773. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Trius‐Soler
- Department of Nutrition Food Sciences and Gastronomy School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- INSA‐UB Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute University of Barcelona Santa Coloma de Gramanet Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Dimitri A. Santillán‐Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition Food Sciences and Gastronomy School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Miriam Martínez‐Huélamo
- Department of Nutrition Food Sciences and Gastronomy School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- INSA‐UB Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute University of Barcelona Santa Coloma de Gramanet Spain
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela‐Raventós
- Department of Nutrition Food Sciences and Gastronomy School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- INSA‐UB Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute University of Barcelona Santa Coloma de Gramanet Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Juan José Moreno
- Department of Nutrition Food Sciences and Gastronomy School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- INSA‐UB Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute University of Barcelona Santa Coloma de Gramanet Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
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17
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Mainland JD, Barlow LA, Munger SD, Millar SE, Vergara MN, Jiang P, Schwob JE, Goldstein BJ, Boye SE, Martens JR, Leopold DA, Bartoshuk LM, Doty RL, Hummel T, Pinto JM, Trimmer C, Kelly C, Pribitkin EA, Reed DR. Identifying Treatments for Taste and Smell Disorders: Gaps and Opportunities. Chem Senses 2020; 45:493-502. [PMID: 32556127 PMCID: PMC7545248 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical senses of taste and smell play a vital role in conveying information about ourselves and our environment. Tastes and smells can warn against danger and also contribute to the daily enjoyment of food, friends and family, and our surroundings. Over 12% of the US population is estimated to experience taste and smell (chemosensory) dysfunction. Yet, despite this high prevalence, long-term, effective treatments for these disorders have been largely elusive. Clinical successes in other sensory systems, including hearing and vision, have led to new hope for developments in the treatment of chemosensory disorders. To accelerate cures, we convened the "Identifying Treatments for Taste and Smell Disorders" conference, bringing together basic and translational sensory scientists, health care professionals, and patients to identify gaps in our current understanding of chemosensory dysfunction and next steps in a broad-based research strategy. Their suggestions for high-yield next steps were focused in 3 areas: increasing awareness and research capacity (e.g., patient advocacy), developing and enhancing clinical measures of taste and smell, and supporting new avenues of research into cellular and therapeutic approaches (e.g., developing human chemosensory cell lines, stem cells, and gene therapy approaches). These long-term strategies led to specific suggestions for immediate research priorities that focus on expanding our understanding of specific responses of chemosensory cells and developing valuable assays to identify and document cell development, regeneration, and function. Addressing these high-priority areas should accelerate the development of novel and effective treatments for taste and smell disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda A Barlow
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Steven D Munger
- Center for Smell and Taste, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1200 Newell Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Natalia Vergara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Peihua Jiang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James E Schwob
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley J Goldstein
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, 40 Duke Medicine Cir Clinic 1F, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shannon E Boye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Center for Smell and Taste, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1200 Newell Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Donald A Leopold
- Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Linda M Bartoshuk
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, MC, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Edmund A Pribitkin
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Meisel CT, Pagella P, Porcheri C, Mitsiadis TA. Three-Dimensional Imaging and Gene Expression Analysis Upon Enzymatic Isolation of the Tongue Epithelium. Front Physiol 2020; 11:825. [PMID: 32848819 PMCID: PMC7396520 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tongue is a complex organ involved in a variety of functions such as mastication, speech, and taste sensory function. Enzymatic digestion techniques have been developed to allow the dissociation of the epithelium from the connective tissue of the tongue. However, it is not clear if the integrity and three-dimensional architecture of the isolated epithelium is preserved, and, furthermore if this tissue separation technique excludes its contamination from the mesenchymal tissue. Here, we first describe in detail the methodology of tongue epithelium isolation, and thereafter we analyzed the multicellular compartmentalization of the epithelium by three-dimensional fluorescent imaging and quantitative real-time PCR. Molecular characterization at both protein and transcript levels confirmed the exclusive expression of epithelial markers in the isolated epithelial compartment of the tongue. Confocal imaging analysis revealed that the integrity of the epithelium was not affected, even in the basal layer, where areas of active cell proliferations were detected. Therefore, the preservation of both the architecture and the molecular signature of the tongue epithelium upon enzymatic tissue separation enable further cellular, molecular and imaging studies on the physiology, pathology, and regeneration of the tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian T Meisel
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Centre for Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Centre for Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Porcheri
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Centre for Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Centre for Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Hu B, Lv X, Chen H, Xue P, Gao B, Wang X, Zhen G, Crane JL, Pan D, Liu S, Ni S, Wu P, Su W, Liu X, Ling Z, Yang M, Deng R, Li Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Wan M, Shao Z, Chen H, Yuan W, Cao X. Sensory nerves regulate mesenchymal stromal cell lineage commitment by tuning sympathetic tones. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:3483-3498. [PMID: 32191640 PMCID: PMC7324175 DOI: 10.1172/jci131554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensory nerve was recently identified as being involved in regulation of bone mass accrual. We previously discovered that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secreted by osteoblasts could activate sensory nerve EP4 receptor to promote bone formation by inhibiting sympathetic activity. However, the fundamental units of bone formation are active osteoblasts, which originate from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). Here, we found that after sensory denervation, knockout of the EP4 receptor in sensory nerves, or knockout of COX-2 in osteoblasts, could significantly promote adipogenesis and inhibit osteogenesis in adult mice. Furthermore, injection of SW033291 (a small molecule that locally increases the PGE2 level) or propranolol (a beta blocker) significantly promoted osteogenesis and inhibited adipogenesis. This effect of SW033291, but not propranolol, was abolished in conditional EP4-KO mice under normal conditions or in the bone repair process. We conclude that the PGE2/EP4 sensory nerve axis could regulate MSC differentiation in bone marrow of adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Section of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Janet L. Crane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dayu Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shuangfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Panfeng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Weiping Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zemin Ling
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruoxian Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Section of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huajiang Chen
- Section of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Section of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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20
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Glennon SG, Huedo-Medina T, Rawal S, Hoffman HJ, Litt MD, Duffy VB. Chronic Cigarette Smoking Associates Directly and Indirectly with Self-Reported Olfactory Alterations: Analysis of the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 21:818-827. [PMID: 29121272 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Population-based studies show inconsistent effects of cigarette smoking on olfactory function. We aimed to identify direct and indirect associations between measures of smoking exposure/nicotine dependence and altered olfaction in a nationally representative sample of adults. METHODS NHANES 2011-2014 (n = 7418) participants (mean age = 57.8 ± 12.2 years) self-reported olfaction and related health and demographic risks. Affirmative answers to three questions defined altered olfaction (olfactory problems in the past years; worse ability since age 25; phantom smells). Smoking (never, former, current) was self-reported by chronicity (pack years, PY) and dependency (time to first cigarette upon waking) and verified by serum cotinine. Associations were tested with logistic regression, reporting odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and mediation models. RESULTS Estimated prevalence of altered olfaction was 22.3%, with age-related increases. Nearly half of the sample were former/current smokers (47.4%). Controlling for olfactory-related risks, ≥10 PY smokers had significantly greater odds of altered olfaction versus never smokers (OR 1.36, CI: 1.06-1.74). The odds of altered olfaction were heightened among current smokers (≥10 PY) who also had high nicotine dependence (smoked ≤30 min of waking) (OR 1.41, CI: 1.01-1.99). Light smokers (≤10 PY smokers) did not show increased odds versus never smokers. Current smokers who also were heavy drinkers (≥4 drinks/day) had the highest odds for altered olfaction (OR 1.96, CI: 1.20-3.19). Olfactory-related pathologies (sinonasal problems, serious head injury, tonsillectomy, xerostomia) partially mediated the association between smoking and altered olfaction. CONCLUSIONS Chronic cigarette smoking was associated with increased odds of self-reported olfactory alterations, directly and indirectly via olfactory-related pathologies. IMPLICATIONS Analysis of the US nationally representative data revealed significant positive associations between chronic smoking and alterations in the sense of smell. Rates of smell alteration (self-reported problems in the past year, losses with aging, and phantom smells) increased from 23% among adults to 33% for chronic smokers and 38% for chronic smokers who also reported heavy drinking. Chronic smoking showed associations with smell alteration that were direct and indirect through exposure to olfactory-related pathologies (naso-sinus problems, dry mouth, head/facial injury). Smell alteration can impact smokers' quality of life by challenging the ability to sense warning odors, food flavor, and olfactory-stimulated emotions and memories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tania Huedo-Medina
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Shristi Rawal
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
| | - Howard J Hoffman
- Epidemiology and Statistics Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mark D Litt
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Community Health, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Valerie B Duffy
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
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21
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Su N, Poon R, Liu C, Dewan C, Darling M, Grushka M. Pain reduction in burning mouth syndrome (BMS) may be associated with selective improvement of taste: a retrospective study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 129:461-467. [PMID: 32147381 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine taste function in patients who reported improvement in their pain level after treatment to determine if pain reduction is associated with change in taste function in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). STUDY DESIGN This retrospective study of patients with BMS was conducted at a private oral medicine clinic. RESULTS Thirty-nine patients with BMS (31 females and 8 males; mean age 56.1 ± 9.4 years) reported improvement in their pain in 1 to 22 months after the initial visit (mean 5.13 ± 4.18). The most commonly used medication was clonazepam 0.25 to 0.5 mg/day. Twenty-eight patients were treated with a combination of medications. "Salt" and "bitter" responses at the fungiform papillae were increased after treatment (P = .026 and P = .044, respectively). "Salt" responses at the circumvallate papillae also increased (P < .001). Pain reduction was significant after treatment in the morning (P = .002) and in the evening (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Treatment of BMS can significantly decrease pain symptoms, resulting in improvement in taste function. Pain reduction often requires a combination of medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Su
- Private practice, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renee Poon
- Private practice, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cindy Liu
- Private practice, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mark Darling
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Miriam Grushka
- Private practice, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Visiting Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
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Cillo JE, Dattilo DJ. Oral Functional Behavior and Neurosensation After Adult Maxillomandibular Advancement for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Long-Term. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 78:255-260. [PMID: 31525331 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated and correlated the long-term subjective perioral neurosensory deficit intensity and oral functional behavior difficulty after maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) for adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). PATIENTS AND METHODS We implemented a long-term retrospective cohort study of adult subjects who had undergone MMA for OSA, with subjective assessments using 7-point visual analog scales. Adult subjects who had undergone MMA for OSA with a minimum of 5 years of follow-up data available who had agreed to participate were included in the present study. The 1-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the data. Statistical significance was set at the P < .05 level. RESULTS Of the 51 eligible subjects, 27 (53% response rate) were included in the present study. The mean age preoperatively was 59.8 years, with a mean follow-up of 12.7 years. Most subjects (85%) had, overall, reported the long-term subjective perioral neurosensory deficit intensity to be none to very mild (mode, 0; mean, 2.20; P < .05) and oral functional behavior to have none to very mild difficulty (mode, 0; mean, 1.6; P < .05). Statistically significant moderate to strong positive correlations between the subjective assessments of oral functional behavior and perioral neurosensory deficit intensity were found for chewing (r = 0.74), kissing (r = 0.50), eating (r = 0.80), speaking (r = 0.81), and drooling (r = 0.67). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the present study, more than 12 years after MMA for severe OSA, most subjects (85%) had minimal to no subjective perioral neurosensory deficits and very minimal to no difficulty in the subjective assessment of oral functional behavior. Strong positive correlations between the subjective decreased perioral neurosensory deficit intensity and decreased oral function behavior difficulty suggest that the return of perioral neurosensation might contribute to the return of oral functional behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Cillo
- Associate Professor and Program Director, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - David J Dattilo
- Associate Professor and Division Director, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA
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23
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Saluja S, Stevenson RJ. Perceptual and cognitive determinants of tactile disgust. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2019; 72:2705-2716. [PMID: 31234736 DOI: 10.1177/1747021819862500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tactile cues are said to be potent elicitors of disgust and reliable markers of disease. Despite this, no previous study had explored what the full range of tactile properties are that cue disgust, nor how interpretation of these sensations influences disgust. To answer these questions, participants were asked to touch nine objects, selected to cover the range of tactile properties, and evaluate their sensory, affective, and risk-based characteristics (primarily how sick they thought the object would make them). Object contact was manipulated in four ways, with participants randomly allocated to corresponding groups-one that could see the objects (i.e., the control) and three that could not (i.e., the blind groups). To manipulate disease risk interpretation of the objects, labelling was used on the blind groups, with one receiving Disgust-Labels, one True-Labels and one no labels. Disgust was strongly associated with sticky and wet textures, and moderately with viscous, cold, and lumpy textures, suggesting adherence-to-skin may predict disgust. The participants in the disgust-labelled condition had the highest disgust ratings, and this was mediated by their increased sickness belief and fear of the objects. Object identification was poor when labels or visual cues were absent. Our findings suggest that tactile disgust may reflect a bottom-up sensory component-skin adhesion-moderated by judgements of disease-related threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supreet Saluja
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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24
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Associations between Weight Loss, Food Likes, Dietary Behaviors, and Chemosensory Function in Bariatric Surgery: A Case-Control Analysis in Women. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040804. [PMID: 30970617 PMCID: PMC6521240 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that successful weight loss post-bariatric surgery would be associated with healthier chemosensory function, food likes, and dietary behaviors than either unsuccessful weight loss or pre-surgery morbid obesity. In a case-control design, pre-surgical women with morbid obesity (n = 49) were compared with those 1-year post-surgery (24 Roux-en-Y Bypass, 24 Sleeve Gastrectomy) and defined by excess or percent weight loss as successful/unsuccessful. For self-reported smell/taste perception, more post-surgery than pre-surgery reported improved/distorted perception, especially if weight loss successful. Measured taste function (perceived quinine and NaCl intensity) was lower among weight loss unsuccessful versus pre-surgery patients, yet a genetic variation in taste probe (propylthiouracil bitterness) matched expected frequencies without significant pre/post-surgery difference. Regarding survey-reported liking, higher diet quality was seen in the weight loss successful (independent of surgery type) versus pre-surgical patients, with differences driven by lower sweet and refined carbohydrate liking. The post versus pre-surgical patients had greater restraint but less hunger and disinhibition. Patients reporting both higher diet quality and lower hunger showed greater % weight loss, independent of surgery type. Thus, successful weight loss 1-year post-bariatric surgery was associated with improved or distorted chemosensation and patterns of liking associated with healthier diets, especially if coupled with less hunger.
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Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Taste Organs and Oral Sensation: Distinctive Roles in the Epithelium, Stroma, and Innervation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061341. [PMID: 30884865 PMCID: PMC6471208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has regulatory roles in maintaining and restoring lingual taste organs, the papillae and taste buds, and taste sensation. Taste buds and taste nerve responses are eliminated if Hh signaling is genetically suppressed or pharmacologically inhibited, but regeneration can occur if signaling is reactivated within the lingual epithelium. Whereas Hh pathway disruption alters taste sensation, tactile and cold responses remain intact, indicating that Hh signaling is modality-specific in regulation of tongue sensation. However, although Hh regulation is essential in taste, the basic biology of pathway controls is not fully understood. With recent demonstrations that sonic hedgehog (Shh) is within both taste buds and the innervating ganglion neurons/nerve fibers, it is compelling to consider Hh signaling throughout the tongue and taste organ cell and tissue compartments. Distinctive signaling centers and niches are reviewed in taste papilla epithelium, taste buds, basal lamina, fibroblasts and lamellipodia, lingual nerves, and sensory ganglia. Several new roles for the innervation in lingual Hh signaling are proposed. Hh signaling within the lingual epithelium and an intact innervation each is necessary, but only together are sufficient to sustain and restore taste buds. Importantly, patients who use Hh pathway inhibiting drugs confront an altered chemosensory world with loss of taste buds and taste responses, intact lingual touch and cold sensation, and taste recovery after drug discontinuation.
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Chen H, Hu B, Lv X, Zhu S, Zhen G, Wan M, Jain A, Gao B, Chai Y, Yang M, Wang X, Deng R, Wang L, Cao Y, Ni S, Liu S, Yuan W, Chen H, Dong X, Guan Y, Yang H, Cao X. Prostaglandin E2 mediates sensory nerve regulation of bone homeostasis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:181. [PMID: 30643142 PMCID: PMC6331599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether sensory nerve can sense bone density or metabolic activity to control bone homeostasis is unknown. Here we found prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secreted by osteoblastic cells activates PGE2 receptor 4 (EP4) in sensory nerves to regulate bone formation by inhibiting sympathetic activity through the central nervous system. PGE2 secreted by osteoblasts increases when bone density decreases as demonstrated in osteoporotic animal models. Ablation of sensory nerves erodes the skeletal integrity. Specifically, knockout of the EP4 gene in the sensory nerves or cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in the osteoblastic cells significantly reduces bone volume in adult mice. Sympathetic tone is increased in sensory denervation models, and propranolol, a β2-adrenergic antagonist, rescues bone loss. Furthermore, injection of SW033291, a small molecule to increase PGE2 level locally, significantly boostes bone formation, whereas the effect is obstructed in EP4 knockout mice. Thus, we show that PGE2 mediates sensory nerve to control bone homeostasis and promote regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, P. R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Section of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shouan Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Amit Jain
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yu Chai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ruoxian Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shuangfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Wen Yuan
- Section of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Huajiang Chen
- Section of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, P. R. China.
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Heightened olfactory dysfunction and oral irritation among chronic smokers and heightened propylthiouracil (PROP) bitterness among menthol smokers. Physiol Behav 2018; 201:111-122. [PMID: 30557565 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cigarette smoking may influence chemosensory function, which in turn, may affect cigarette usage. Because menthol in cigarettes can attenuate nicotine bitterness, choice of menthol/nonmenthol cigarettes may be influenced by ability to perceive bitterness. We examined chemosensory function of chronic smokers, hypothesizing they would show altered function in comparison to non-smokers and by menthol cigarette preference. In laboratory-based measures, chronic smokers (N = 135; 84 menthol smokers) self-reported their chemosensory function and participated in smell (identification task with perceived intensity) and taste (quinine and NaCl intensity on tongue-tip and whole mouth) testing. A taste genetics probe (propylthiouracil (PROP) bitterness) also was assessed. Self-reported and measured chemosensory function were compared with nationally-representative 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data generated with similar measures. The taste measures also were compared between smokers and age- and sex-matched non-smokers from a laboratory database. Frequencies of self-reported smell and taste alterations among smokers exceeded NHANES prevalence estimates for non-smokers. The rate of measured smell dysfunction also exceeded NHANES prevalence for hyposmia. Compared to non-smokers, smokers reported elevated tongue-tip and whole mouth intensities from 1 M NaCl, with no significant differences in whole mouth quinine or 0.32 M NaCl. Inconsistent with previous hypotheses, smokers were not more likely to report depressed PROP bitterness than non-smokers. However, as expected, menthol smokers reported greater PROP bitterness than non-menthol smokers. In conclusion, chemosensory alterations were more frequent among chronic smokers, including hyposmia and heightened intensity from NaCl at an oral-irritant concentration. PROP supertasters were most likely to prefer mentholated cigarettes.
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Sharafi M, Rawal S, Fernandez ML, Huedo-Medina TB, Duffy VB. Taste phenotype associates with cardiovascular disease risk factors via diet quality in multivariate modeling. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:103-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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29
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Fungiform Papilla Number and Olfactory Threshold Assessment in Males With and Without Barth Syndrome. CHEMOSENS PERCEPT 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12078-017-9228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Rawal S, Huedo-Medina T, Hoffman HJ, Swede H, Duffy VB. Structural equation modeling of associations among taste-related risk factors, taste functioning, and adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:781-787. [PMID: 28240820 PMCID: PMC5373933 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Variation in taste perception and exposure to risk factors of taste alterations have been independently linked with elevated adiposity. Using a laboratory database, taste-adiposity associations were modeled and examined for whether taste functioning mediates the association between taste-related risk factors and adiposity. METHODS Healthy women (n = 407, 35.5 ± 16.9 y) self-reported histories of risk factors of altered taste functioning (tonsillectomy, multiple ear infections, head trauma) and were assessed for taste functioning (tongue-tip and whole-mouth intensities of quinine and salt) and density of taste papillae. Twenty-four percent had elevated waist circumferences; thirty-nine percent had overweight or obesity. Using structural equation modeling, direct and indirect associations between taste-related risk factors, taste functioning, and adiposity were tested. RESULTS In models with good fit, elevated central adiposity was explained directly by history of risk factors (tonsillectomy, multiple ear infections) and directly by lower taste functioning (lower tongue-tip taste function, lower papillae density). Risk factors of taste alterations were significantly associated with lower taste functioning, with taste mediating the association between head trauma and reduced adiposity. CONCLUSIONS This large laboratory-based study supports associations between taste-related risk factors, taste functioning, and adiposity. These findings need to be confirmed with other population-based studies, including the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014 taste data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shristi Rawal
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tania Huedo-Medina
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Howard J. Hoffman
- Epidemiology and Statistics Program, National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Helen Swede
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Valerie B. Duffy
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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