1
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Sun Y, Wiese M, Hmadi R, Karayol R, Seyfferth J, Martinez Greene JA, Erdogdu NU, Deboutte W, Arrigoni L, Holz H, Renschler G, Hirsch N, Foertsch A, Basilicata MF, Stehle T, Shvedunova M, Bella C, Pessoa Rodrigues C, Schwalb B, Cramer P, Manke T, Akhtar A. MSL2 ensures biallelic gene expression in mammals. Nature 2023; 624:173-181. [PMID: 38030723 PMCID: PMC10700137 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In diploid organisms, biallelic gene expression enables the production of adequate levels of mRNA1,2. This is essential for haploinsufficient genes, which require biallelic expression for optimal function to prevent the onset of developmental disorders1,3. Whether and how a biallelic or monoallelic state is determined in a cell-type-specific manner at individual loci remains unclear. MSL2 is known for dosage compensation of the male X chromosome in flies. Here we identify a role of MSL2 in regulating allelic expression in mammals. Allele-specific bulk and single-cell analyses in mouse neural progenitor cells revealed that, in addition to the targets showing biallelic downregulation, a class of genes transitions from biallelic to monoallelic expression after MSL2 loss. Many of these genes are haploinsufficient. In the absence of MSL2, one allele remains active, retaining active histone modifications and transcription factor binding, whereas the other allele is silenced, exhibiting loss of promoter-enhancer contacts and the acquisition of DNA methylation. Msl2-knockout mice show perinatal lethality and heterogeneous phenotypes during embryonic development, supporting a role for MSL2 in regulating gene dosage. The role of MSL2 in preserving biallelic expression of specific dosage-sensitive genes sets the stage for further investigation of other factors that are involved in allelic dosage compensation in mammalian cells, with considerable implications for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Sun
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Meike Wiese
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Raed Hmadi
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Remzi Karayol
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Janine Seyfferth
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Juan Alfonso Martinez Greene
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niyazi Umut Erdogdu
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ward Deboutte
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Arrigoni
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Herbert Holz
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gina Renschler
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Naama Hirsch
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arion Foertsch
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Stehle
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Shvedunova
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chiara Bella
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Bjoern Schwalb
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Cramer
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Manke
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Asifa Akhtar
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
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2
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Gessler L, Kurtek C, Merholz M, Jian Y, Hashemolhosseini S. In Adult Skeletal Muscles, the Co-Receptors of Canonical Wnt Signaling, Lrp5 and Lrp6, Determine the Distribution and Size of Fiber Types, and Structure and Function of Neuromuscular Junctions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243968. [PMID: 36552732 PMCID: PMC9777411 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling is involved in skeletal muscle cell biology. The exact way in which this pathway exerts its contribution to myogenesis or neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) is a matter of debate. Next to the common co-receptors of canonical Wnt signaling, Lrp5 and Lrp6, the receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK was reported to bind at NMJs WNT glycoproteins by its extracellular cysteine-rich domain. Previously, we reported canonical Wnt signaling being active in fast muscle fiber types. Here, we used conditional Lrp5 or Lrp6 knockout mice to investigate the role of these receptors in muscle cells. Conditional double knockout mice died around E13 likely due to ectopic expression of the Cre recombinase. Phenotypes of single conditional knockout mice point to a very divergent role for the two receptors. First, muscle fiber type distribution and size were changed. Second, canonical Wnt signaling reporter mice suggested less signaling activity in the absence of Lrps. Third, expression of several myogenic marker genes was changed. Fourth, NMJs were of fragmented phenotype. Fifth, recordings revealed impaired neuromuscular transmission. In sum, our data show fundamental differences in absence of each of the Lrp co-receptors and suggest a differentiated view of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involvement in adult skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Gessler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher Kurtek
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mira Merholz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yongzhi Jian
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Said Hashemolhosseini
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Muscle Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-24634
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3
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Mehta S, Buyanbat A, Kai Y, Karayel O, Goldman SR, Seruggia D, Zhang K, Fujiwara Y, Donovan KA, Zhu Q, Yang H, Nabet B, Gray NS, Mann M, Fischer ES, Adelman K, Orkin SH. Temporal resolution of gene derepression and proteome changes upon PROTAC-mediated degradation of BCL11A protein in erythroid cells. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1273-1287.e8. [PMID: 35839780 PMCID: PMC9391307 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactivation of fetal hemoglobin expression by the downregulation of BCL11A is a promising treatment for β-hemoglobinopathies. A detailed understanding of BCL11A-mediated repression of γ-globin gene (HBG1/2) transcription is lacking, as studies to date used perturbations by shRNA or CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. We leveraged the dTAG PROTAC degradation platform to acutely deplete BCL11A protein in erythroid cells and examined consequences by nascent transcriptomics, proteomics, chromatin accessibility, and histone profiling. Among 31 genes repressed by BCL11A, HBG1/2 and HBZ show the most abundant and progressive changes in transcription and chromatin accessibility upon BCL11A loss. Transcriptional changes at HBG1/2 were detected in <2 h. Robust HBG1/2 reactivation upon acute BCL11A depletion occurred without the loss of promoter 5-methylcytosine (5mC). Using targeted protein degradation, we establish a hierarchy of gene reactivation at BCL11A targets, in which nascent transcription is followed by increased chromatin accessibility, and both are uncoupled from promoter DNA methylation at the HBG1/2 loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Mehta
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Altantsetseg Buyanbat
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yan Kai
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ozge Karayel
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Seth Raphael Goldman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Davide Seruggia
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kevin Zhang
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuko Fujiwara
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine A Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qian Zhu
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Behnam Nabet
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, CHEM-H and SCI, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karen Adelman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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4
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Birling MC, Fray MD, Kasparek P, Kopkanova J, Massimi M, Matteoni R, Montoliu L, Nutter LMJ, Raspa M, Rozman J, Ryder EJ, Scavizzi F, Voikar V, Wells S, Pavlovic G, Teboul L. Importing genetically altered animals: ensuring quality. Mamm Genome 2021; 33:100-107. [PMID: 34536110 PMCID: PMC8913481 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-021-09908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reproducibility of research using laboratory animals requires reliable management of their quality, in particular of their genetics, health and environment, all of which contribute to their phenotypes. The point at which these biological materials are transferred between researchers is particularly sensitive, as it may result in a loss of integrity of the animals and/or their documentation. Here, we describe the various aspects of laboratory animal quality that should be confirmed when sharing rodent research models. We also discuss how repositories of biological materials support the scientific community to ensure the continuity of the quality of laboratory animals. Both the concept of quality and the role of repositories themselves extend to all exchanges of biological materials and all networks that support the sharing of these reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-C Birling
- PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris, CELPHEDIA, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, 67404, Strasbourg, France.
| | - M D Fray
- The Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council Harwell, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RD, Oxon, UK
| | - P Kasparek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - J Kopkanova
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - M Massimi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - R Matteoni
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - L Montoliu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC) Madrid and CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - L M J Nutter
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Raspa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - J Rozman
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - E J Ryder
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,LGC, Sport and Specialised Analytical Services, Fordham, UK
| | - F Scavizzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - V Voikar
- Neuroscience Center and Laboratory Animal Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Wells
- The Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council Harwell, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RD, Oxon, UK
| | - G Pavlovic
- PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris, CELPHEDIA, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, 67404, Strasbourg, France.
| | - L Teboul
- The Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council Harwell, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RD, Oxon, UK.
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5
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Papazoglou A, Henseler C, Broich K, Daubner J, Weiergräber M. Breeding of Ca v2.3 deficient mice reveals Mendelian inheritance in contrast to complex inheritance in Ca v3.2 null mutant breeding. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13972. [PMID: 34234221 PMCID: PMC8263769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
High voltage-activated Cav2.3 R-type Ca2+ channels and low voltage-activated Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels were reported to be involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. Many of these findings are based on studies in Cav2.3 and Cav3.2 deficient mice. Recently, it has been proposed that inbreeding of Cav2.3 and Cav3.2 deficient mice exhibits significant deviation from Mendelian inheritance and might be an indication for potential prenatal lethality in these lines. In our study, we analyzed 926 offspring from Cav3.2 breedings and 1142 offspring from Cav2.3 breedings. Our results demonstrate that breeding of Cav2.3 deficient mice shows typical Mendelian inheritance and that there is no indication of prenatal lethality. In contrast, Cav3.2 breeding exhibits a complex inheritance pattern. It might be speculated that the differences in inheritance, particularly for Cav2.3 breeding, are related to other factors, such as genetic specificities of the mutant lines, compensatory mechanisms and altered sperm activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Papazoglou
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Henseler
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Broich
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johanna Daubner
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marco Weiergräber
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Germany.
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6
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Breman FC, Snijder RC, Korver JW, Pelzer S, Sancho-Such M, Schranz ME, Bakker FT. Interspecific Hybrids Between Pelargonium × hortorum and Species From P. Section Ciconium Reveal Biparental Plastid Inheritance and Multi-Locus Cyto-Nuclear Incompatibility. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:614871. [PMID: 33391328 PMCID: PMC7775418 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.614871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The genetics underlying Cyto-Nuclear Incompatibility (CNI) was studied in Pelargonium interspecific hybrids. We created hybrids of 12 closely related crop wild relatives (CWR) with the ornamental P. × hortorum. Ten of the resulting 12 (F1) interspecific hybrids segregate for chlorosis suggesting biparental plastid inheritance. The segregation ratios of the interspecific F2 populations show nuclear interactions of one, two, or three nuclear genes regulating plastid function dependent on the parents. We further validated that biparental inheritance of plastids is common in section Ciconium, using diagnostic PCR primers. Our results pave the way for using the diverse species from section Ciconium, each with its own set of characteristics, as novel sources of desired breeding traits for P. × hortorum cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris C. Breman
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Joost W. Korver
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sieme Pelzer
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - M. Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Freek T. Bakker
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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7
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Hameed A, Mehmood MA, Shahid M, Fatma S, Khan A, Ali S. Prospects for potato genome editing to engineer resistance against viruses and cold-induced sweetening. GM CROPS & FOOD 2020; 11:185-205. [PMID: 31280681 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2019.1631115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Crop improvement through transgenic technologies is commonly tagged with GMO (genetically-modified-organisms) where the presence of transgene becomes a big question for the society and the legislation authorities. However, new plant breeding techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 system [clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated 9] can overcome these limitations through transgene-free products. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) being a major food crop has the potential to feed the rising world population. Unfortunately, the cultivated potato suffers considerable production losses due to several pre- and post-harvest stresses such as plant viruses (majorly RNA viruses) and cold-induced sweetening (CIS; the conversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose inside cell vacuole). A number of strategies, ranging from crop breeding to genetic engineering, have been employed so far in potato for trait improvement. Recently, new breeding techniques have been utilized to knock-out potato genes/factors like eukaryotic translation initiation factors [elF4E and isoform elF(iso)4E)], that interact with viruses to assist viral infection, and vacuolar invertase, a core enzyme in CIS. In this context, CRISPR technology is predicted to reduce the cost of potato production and is likely to pass through the regulatory process being marker and transgene-free. The current review summarizes the potential application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for traits improvement in potato. Moreover, the prospects for engineering resistance against potato fungal pathogens and current limitations/challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hameed
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Akhuwat Faisalabad Institute of Research Science and Technology , Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamer Mehmood
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad , Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad , Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shabih Fatma
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) , Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aysha Khan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Akhuwat Faisalabad Institute of Research Science and Technology , Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumbal Ali
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Akhuwat Faisalabad Institute of Research Science and Technology , Faisalabad, Pakistan
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8
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Zuidscherwoude M, Haining EJ, Simms VA, Watson S, Grygielska B, Hardy AT, Bacon A, Watson SP, Thomas SG. Loss of mDia1 and Fhod1 impacts platelet formation but not platelet function. Platelets 2020; 32:1051-1062. [PMID: 32981398 PMCID: PMC8635707 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1822522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
An organized and dynamic cytoskeleton is required for platelet formation and function. Formins are a large family of actin regulatory proteins which are also able to regulate microtubule dynamics. There are four formin family members expressed in human and mouse megakaryocytes and platelets. We have previously shown that the actin polymerization activity of formin proteins is required for cytoskeletal dynamics and platelet spreading using a small molecule inhibitor. In the current study, we analyze transgenic mouse models deficient in two of these proteins, mDia1 and Fhod1, along with a model lacking both proteins. We demonstrate that double knockout mice display macrothrombocytopenia which is due to aberrant megakaryocyte function and a small decrease in platelet lifespan. Platelet function is unaffected by the loss of these proteins. This data indicates a critical role for formins in platelet and megakaryocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malou Zuidscherwoude
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Elizabeth J. Haining
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Victoria A. Simms
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephanie Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Beata Grygielska
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alex T. Hardy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrea Bacon
- Genome Editing Facility, Technology Hub, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephen P. Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Steven G. Thomas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
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9
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Seruggia D, Fernández A, Cantero M, Fernández-Miñán A, Gomez-Skarmeta JL, Pelczar P, Montoliu L. Boundary sequences flanking the mouse tyrosinase locus ensure faithful pattern of gene expression. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15494. [PMID: 32968154 PMCID: PMC7511308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of gene expression is dictated by cell-type specific regulatory sequences that physically organize the structure of chromatin, including promoters, enhancers and insulators. While promoters and enhancers convey cell-type specific activating signals, insulators prevent the cross-talk of regulatory elements within adjacent loci and safeguard the specificity of action of promoters and enhancers towards their targets in a tissue specific manner. Using the mouse tyrosinase (Tyr) locus as an experimental model, a gene whose mutations are associated with albinism, we described the chromatin structure in cells at two distinct transcriptional states. Guided by chromatin structure, through the use of Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C), we identified sequences at the 5' and 3' boundaries of this mammalian gene that function as enhancers and insulators. By CRISPR/Cas9-mediated chromosomal deletion, we dissected the functions of these two regulatory elements in vivo in the mouse, at the endogenous chromosomal context, and proved their mechanistic role as genomic insulators, shielding the Tyr locus from the expression patterns of adjacent genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Seruggia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Almudena Fernández
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cantero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Miñán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - José Luis Gomez-Skarmeta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Pawel Pelczar
- Center for Transgenic Models, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lluis Montoliu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Generation of a conditional Flpo/FRT mouse model expressing constitutively active TGFβ in fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3880. [PMID: 32127548 PMCID: PMC7054254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGFβ) is a secreted factor, which accumulates in tissues during many physio- and pathological processes such as embryonic development, wound healing, fibrosis and cancer. In order to analyze the effects of increased microenvironmental TGFβ concentration in vivo, we developed a conditional transgenic mouse model (Flpo/Frt system) expressing bioactive TGFβ in fibroblasts, a cell population present in the microenvironment of almost all tissues. To achieve this, we created the genetically-engineered [Fsp1-Flpo; FSFTGFβCA] mouse model. The Fsp1-Flpo allele consists in the Flpo recombinase under the control of the Fsp1 (fibroblast-specific promoter 1) promoter. The FSFTGFβCA allele consists in a transgene encoding a constitutively active mutant form of TGFβ (TGFβCA) under the control of a Frt-STOP-Frt (FSF) cassette. The FSFTGFβCA allele was created to generate this model, and functionally validated by in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo techniques. [Fsp1-Flpo; FSFTGFβCA] animals do not present any obvious phenotype despite the correct expression of TGFβCA transgene in fibroblasts. This [Fsp1-Flpo; FSFTGFβCA] model is highly pertinent for future studies on the effect of increased microenvironmental bioactive TGFβ concentrations in mice bearing Cre-dependent genetic alterations in other compartments (epithelial or immune compartments for instance). These dual recombinase system (DRS) approaches will enable scientists to study uncoupled spatiotemporal regulation of different genetic alterations within the same mouse, thus better replicating the complexity of human diseases.
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11
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Gurunathan S, Ramadoss BR, Mudili V, Siddaiah C, Kalagatur NK, Bapu JRK, Mohan CD, Alqarawi AA, Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Starch Biosynthetic Genes Associated With Increased Resistant Starch Concentration in Rice Mutant. Front Genet 2019; 10:946. [PMID: 31803220 PMCID: PMC6872638 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistant Starch (RS), plays a crucial role in human health and nutrition by controlling glucose metabolism. RS or dietary fibre content in rice is low because it goes through a variety of process before it is ready for cooking and consumption. Hence, this study was carried out to develop a rice mutant with increased RS. The rice mutant (γ278) with increased RS was developed by utilizing gamma (γ) rays as a mutagen. Mutant γ278 was characterized for mutations in the starch biosynthetic genes viz., GBSSI, SSI, SSIIa, SSIIIa, SBEIa, and SBEIIb to reveal the functional mutations/variations led to high RS content in rice. A total of 31 sequence variants/mutations in six genes were identified. We report the discovery of three deleterious mutation/variants each in GBSSI, SSIIa, and SSIIIa with the potential to increase RS content in rice. Further, wild × mutant crosses were made to develop an F2 population to study the effect of combination of deleterious mutations. The SNP (GBSSI:ssIIa:ssIIIa) combination responsible for high RS content in F2 population was identified and recorded highest amylose content (AC) (26.18%) and RS (8.68%) content. In conclusion, this marker combination will be highly useful to develop a rice variety with increased RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvakumar Gurunathan
- Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
- DRDO-BU-Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Venkataramana Mudili
- DRDO-BU-Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology, Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Okada A, Arndell T, Borisjuk N, Sharma N, Watson‐Haigh NS, Tucker EJ, Baumann U, Langridge P, Whitford R. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Ms1 enables the rapid generation of male-sterile hexaploid wheat lines for use in hybrid seed production. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1905-1913. [PMID: 30839150 PMCID: PMC6737020 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The development and adoption of hybrid seed technology have led to dramatic increases in agricultural productivity. However, it has been a challenge to develop a commercially viable platform for the production of hybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum) seed due to wheat's strong inbreeding habit. Recently, a novel platform for commercial hybrid seed production was described. This hybridization platform utilizes nuclear male sterility to force outcrossing and has been applied to maize and rice. With the recent molecular identification of the wheat male fertility gene Ms1, it is now possible to extend the use of this novel hybridization platform to wheat. In this report, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate heritable, targeted mutations in Ms1. The introduction of biallelic frameshift mutations into Ms1 resulted in complete male sterility in wheat cultivars Fielder and Gladius, and several of the selected male-sterile lines were potentially non-transgenic. Our study demonstrates the utility of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for the rapid generation of male sterility in commercial wheat cultivars. This represents an important step towards capturing heterosis to improve wheat yields, through the production and use of hybrid seed on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzu Okada
- School of Agriculture, Food & WineThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Taj Arndell
- School of Agriculture, Food & WineThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Nikolai Borisjuk
- School of Agriculture, Food & WineThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Present address:
School of Life ScienceHuaiyin Normal UniversityHuai'anChina
| | - Niharika Sharma
- School of Agriculture, Food & WineThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Present address:
New South Wales Department of Primary IndustriesResearch ExcellenceOrangeNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Nathan S. Watson‐Haigh
- School of Agriculture, Food & WineThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Elise J. Tucker
- School of Agriculture, Food & WineThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Present address:
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and FoodUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Ute Baumann
- School of Agriculture, Food & WineThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Peter Langridge
- School of Agriculture, Food & WineThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Ryan Whitford
- School of Agriculture, Food & WineThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
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13
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Weng JS, Nakamura T, Moriizumi H, Takano H, Yao R, Takekawa M. MCRIP1 promotes the expression of lung-surfactant proteins in mice by disrupting CtBP-mediated epigenetic gene silencing. Commun Biol 2019; 2:227. [PMID: 31240265 PMCID: PMC6586819 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of epigenetic states of chromatin is crucial to achieve tissue-specific gene expression during embryogenesis. The lung-specific gene products, surfactant proteins B (SP-B) and C (SP-C), are synthesized in alveolar epithelial cells and prevent alveolar collapse. Epigenetic regulation of these surfactant proteins, however, remains unknown. Here we report that MCRIP1, a regulator of the CtBP transcriptional co-repressor, promotes the expression of SP-B and SP-C by preventing CtBP-mediated epigenetic gene silencing. Homozygous deficiency of Mcrip1 in mice causes fatal respiratory distress due to abnormal transcriptional repression of these surfactant proteins. We found that MCRIP1 interferes with interactions of CtBP with the lung-enriched transcriptional repressors, Foxp1 and Foxp2, thereby preventing the recruitment of the CtBP co-repressor complex to the SP-B and SP-C promoters and maintaining them in an active chromatin state. Our findings reveal a molecular mechanism by which cells prevent inadvertent gene silencing to ensure tissue-specific gene expression during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane S. Weng
- Division of Cell Signaling and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 Japan
| | - Takanori Nakamura
- Division of Cell Signaling and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
| | - Hisashi Moriizumi
- Division of Cell Signaling and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takano
- Division of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550 Japan
| | - Ryoji Yao
- Division of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550 Japan
| | - Mutsuhiro Takekawa
- Division of Cell Signaling and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 Japan
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14
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Horton JL, Davidson MT, Kurishima C, Vega RB, Powers JC, Matsuura TR, Petucci C, Lewandowski ED, Crawford PA, Muoio DM, Recchia FA, Kelly DP. The failing heart utilizes 3-hydroxybutyrate as a metabolic stress defense. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124079. [PMID: 30668551 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has emerged that the failing heart increases utilization of ketone bodies. We sought to determine whether this fuel shift is adaptive. Mice rendered incapable of oxidizing the ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate (3OHB) in the heart exhibited worsened heart failure in response to fasting or a pressure overload/ischemic insult compared with WT controls. Increased delivery of 3OHB ameliorated pathologic cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in mice and in a canine pacing model of progressive heart failure. 3OHB was shown to enhance bioenergetic thermodynamics of isolated mitochondria in the context of limiting levels of fatty acids. These results indicate that the heart utilizes 3OHB as a metabolic stress defense and suggest that strategies aimed at increasing ketone delivery to the heart could prove useful in the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Horton
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona (SBP-LN), Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Michael T Davidson
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, and Cancer Biology, and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Clara Kurishima
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rick B Vega
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona (SBP-LN), Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Jeffery C Powers
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy R Matsuura
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Petucci
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona (SBP-LN), Orlando, Florida, USA.,Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - E Douglas Lewandowski
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona (SBP-LN), Orlando, Florida, USA.,Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter A Crawford
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona (SBP-LN), Orlando, Florida, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, and Cancer Biology, and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Pisa, Fondazione G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona (SBP-LN), Orlando, Florida, USA.,Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Feldner A, Adam MG, Tetzlaff F, Moll I, Komljenovic D, Sahm F, Bäuerle T, Ishikawa H, Schroten H, Korff T, Hofmann I, Wolburg H, von Deimling A, Fischer A. Loss of Mpdz impairs ependymal cell integrity leading to perinatal-onset hydrocephalus in mice. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:890-905. [PMID: 28500065 PMCID: PMC5494508 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is a common congenital anomaly. LCAM1 and MPDZ (MUPP1) are the only known human gene loci associated with non‐syndromic hydrocephalus. To investigate functions of the tight junction‐associated protein Mpdz, we generated mouse models. Global Mpdz gene deletion or conditional inactivation in Nestin‐positive cells led to formation of supratentorial hydrocephalus in the early postnatal period. Blood vessels, epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, and cilia on ependymal cells, which line the ventricular system, remained morphologically intact in Mpdz‐deficient brains. However, flow of cerebrospinal fluid through the cerebral aqueduct was blocked from postnatal day 3 onward. Silencing of Mpdz expression in cultured epithelial cells impaired barrier integrity, and loss of Mpdz in astrocytes increased RhoA activity. In Mpdz‐deficient mice, ependymal cells had morphologically normal tight junctions, but expression of the interacting planar cell polarity protein Pals1 was diminished and barrier integrity got progressively lost. Ependymal denudation was accompanied by reactive astrogliosis leading to aqueductal stenosis. This work provides a relevant hydrocephalus mouse model and demonstrates that Mpdz is essential to maintain integrity of the ependyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Feldner
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Gordian Adam
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Tetzlaff
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iris Moll
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorde Komljenovic
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Department of NDU Life Sciences, School of Life Dentistry, Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Horst Schroten
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Children's Hospital Mannheim Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilse Hofmann
- Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Vascular Biology, CBTM, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hartwig Wolburg
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany .,Vascular Biology, CBTM, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Medical Clinic I, Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Halm ST, Bottomley MA, Almutairi MM, Di Fulvio M, Halm DR. Survival and growth of C57BL/6J mice lacking the BK channel, Kcnma1: lower adult body weight occurs together with higher body fat. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/4/e13137. [PMID: 28242822 PMCID: PMC5328773 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Big conductance potassium (BK) channels contribute to K+ flow and electrical behavior in many cell types. Mice made null for the gene (Kcnma1) producing the BK channel (BKKO) exhibit numerous deficits in physiological functions. Breeding mice lacking a single allele of Kcnma1 (C57BL/6J background) had litter sizes of approximately eight pups. For the period of maternal care (P0–P21), pup deaths peaked at P1 with a second less severe interval of death peaking near P13. Early deaths were twice as likely during a 20‐month period of building construction compared with the quiescent period after cessation of construction. Births during construction were not consistent with Mendelian predictions indicating the likelihood of a specific disadvantage induced by this environmental stressor. Later BKKO pup deaths (~P13) also were more numerous than Mendelian expectations. After weaning, weight gain was slower for BKKO mice compared with wild‐type littermates: 5 g less for male BKKO mice and 4 g less for female BKKO mice. Body composition determined by quantitative magnetic resonance indicated a higher fat proportion for wild‐type female mice compared with males, as well as a higher hydration ratio. Both male and female BKKO mice showed higher fat proportions than wild‐type, with female BKKO mice exhibiting greater variation. Together, these results indicate that BKKO mice suffered disadvantages that lead to prenatal and perinatal death. A metabolic difference likely related to glucose handling led to the smaller body size and distinct composition for BKKO mice, suggesting a diversion of energy supplies from growth to fat storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan T Halm
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Michael A Bottomley
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Statistical Consulting Center, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Mohammed M Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Maurico Di Fulvio
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Dan R Halm
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
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17
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Seruggia D, Fernández A, Cantero M, Pelczar P, Montoliu L. Functional validation of mouse tyrosinase non-coding regulatory DNA elements by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mutagenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:4855-67. [PMID: 25897126 PMCID: PMC4446435 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly developed genome-editing tools, such as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 system, allow simple and rapid genetic modification in most model organisms and human cell lines. Here, we report the production and analysis of mice carrying the inactivation via deletion of a genomic insulator, a key non-coding regulatory DNA element found 5' upstream of the mouse tyrosinase (Tyr) gene. Targeting sequences flanking this boundary in mouse fertilized eggs resulted in the efficient deletion or inversion of large intervening DNA fragments delineated by the RNA guides. The resulting genome-edited mice showed a dramatic decrease in Tyr gene expression as inferred from the evident decrease of coat pigmentation, thus supporting the functionality of this boundary sequence in vivo, at the endogenous locus. Several potential off-targets bearing sequence similarity with each of the two RNA guides used were analyzed and found to be largely intact. This study reports how non-coding DNA elements, even if located in repeat-rich genomic sequences, can be efficiently and functionally evaluated in vivo and, furthermore, it illustrates how the regulatory elements described by the ENCODE and EPIGENOME projects, in the mouse and human genomes, can be systematically validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Seruggia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Fernández
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cantero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pawel Pelczar
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lluis Montoliu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Arndt L, Castonguay J, Arlt E, Meyer D, Hassan S, Borth H, Zierler S, Wennemuth G, Breit A, Biel M, Wahl-Schott C, Gudermann T, Klugbauer N, Boekhoff I. NAADP and the two-pore channel protein 1 participate in the acrosome reaction in mammalian spermatozoa. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:948-64. [PMID: 24451262 PMCID: PMC3952862 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-09-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A TPCN1 gene–deficient mouse strain is used to show that two convergent working NAADP-dependent pathways with nonoverlapping activation and self-inactivation profiles for distinct NAADP concentrations drive acrosomal exocytosis, by which TPC1 is central for the pathway activated by low-micromolar NAADP concentrations. The functional relationship between the formation of hundreds of fusion pores during the acrosome reaction in spermatozoa and the mobilization of calcium from the acrosome has been determined only partially. Hence, the second messenger NAADP, promoting efflux of calcium from lysosome-like compartments and one of its potential molecular targets, the two-pore channel 1 (TPC1), were analyzed for its involvement in triggering the acrosome reaction using a TPCN1 gene–deficient mouse strain. The present study documents that TPC1 and NAADP-binding sites showed a colocalization at the acrosomal region and that treatment of spermatozoa with NAADP resulted in a loss of the acrosomal vesicle that showed typical properties described for TPCs: Registered responses were not detectable for its chemical analogue NADP and were blocked by the NAADP antagonist trans-Ned-19. In addition, two narrow bell-shaped dose-response curves were identified with maxima in either the nanomolar or low micromolar NAADP concentration range, where TPC1 was found to be responsible for activating the low affinity pathway. Our finding that two convergent NAADP-dependent pathways are operative in driving acrosomal exocytosis supports the concept that both NAADP-gated cascades match local NAADP concentrations with the efflux of acrosomal calcium, thereby ensuring complete fusion of the large acrosomal vesicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilli Arndt
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 81377 München, Germany Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 81377 München, Germany Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79104 Freiburg, Germany Institute for Anatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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