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Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh N. An overview of recent technological developments in bovine genomics. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 25:100382. [PMID: 39166173 PMCID: PMC11334705 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cattle are regarded as highly valuable animals because of their milk, beef, dung, fur, and ability to draft. The scientific community has tried a number of strategies to improve the genetic makeup of bovine germplasm. To ensure higher returns for the dairy and beef industries, researchers face their greatest challenge in improving commercially important traits. One of the biggest developments in the last few decades in the creation of instruments for cattle genetic improvement is the discovery of the genome. Breeding livestock is being revolutionized by genomic selection made possible by the availability of medium- and high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays coupled with sophisticated statistical techniques. It is becoming easier to access high-dimensional genomic data in cattle. Continuously declining genotyping costs and an increase in services that use genomic data to increase return on investment have both made a significant contribution to this. The field of genomics has come a long way thanks to groundbreaking discoveries such as radiation-hybrid mapping, in situ hybridization, synteny analysis, somatic cell genetics, cytogenetic maps, molecular markers, association studies for quantitative trait loci, high-throughput SNP genotyping, whole-genome shotgun sequencing to whole-genome mapping, and genome editing. These advancements have had a significant positive impact on the field of cattle genomics. This manuscript aimed to review recent advances in genomic technologies for cattle breeding and future prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, 41635-1314, Iran
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2
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Manzoor S, Nabi SU, Rather TR, Gani G, Mir ZA, Wani AW, Ali S, Tyagi A, Manzar N. Advancing crop disease resistance through genome editing: a promising approach for enhancing agricultural production. Front Genome Ed 2024; 6:1399051. [PMID: 38988891 PMCID: PMC11234172 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2024.1399051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Modern agriculture has encountered several challenges in achieving constant yield stability especially due to disease outbreaks and lack of long-term disease-resistant crop cultivars. In the past, disease outbreaks in economically important crops had a major impact on food security and the economy. On the other hand climate-driven emergence of new pathovars or changes in their host specificity further poses a serious threat to sustainable agriculture. At present, chemical-based control strategies are frequently used to control microbial pathogens and pests, but they have detrimental impact on the environment and also resulted in the development of resistant phyto-pathogens. As a replacement, cultivating engineered disease-resistant crops can help to minimize the negative impact of regular pesticides on agriculture and the environment. Although traditional breeding and genetic engineering have been instrumental in crop disease improvement but they have certain limitations such as labour intensity, time consumption, and low efficiency. In this regard, genome editing has emerged as one of the potential tools for improving disease resistance in crops by targeting multiple traits with more accuracy and efficiency. For instance, genome editing techniques, such as CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR/Cas13, base editing, TALENs, ZFNs, and meganucleases, have proved successful in improving disease resistance in crops through targeted mutagenesis, gene knockouts, knockdowns, modifications, and activation of target genes. CRISPR/Cas9 is unique among these techniques because of its remarkable efficacy, low risk of off-target repercussions, and ease of use. Some primary targets for developing CRISPR-mediated disease-resistant crops are host-susceptibility genes (the S gene method), resistance genes (R genes) and pathogen genetic material that prevents their development, broad-spectrum disease resistance. The use of genome editing methods has the potential to notably ameliorate crop disease resistance and transform agricultural practices in the future. This review highlights the impact of phyto-pathogens on agricultural productivity. Next, we discussed the tools for improving disease resistance while focusing on genome editing. We provided an update on the accomplishments of genome editing, and its potential to improve crop disease resistance against bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens in different crop systems. Finally, we highlighted the future challenges of genome editing in different crop systems for enhancing disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subaya Manzoor
- Division of Plant Pathology, FOA-SKUAST-K, Wadura, Srinagar, India
| | - Sajad Un Nabi
- ICAR-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Gousia Gani
- Division of Basic Science and Humanities, FOA-SKUAST-K, Wadura, Srinagar, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Plant Science and Agriculture, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ab Waheed Wani
- Department of Horticulture, LPU, Jalander, Punjab, India
| | - Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nazia Manzar
- Plant Pathology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganism, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Tanveer M, Abidin ZU, Alawadi HFN, Shahzad AN, Mahmood A, Khan BA, Qari S, Oraby HF. Recent advances in genome editing strategies for balancing growth and defence in sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP24036. [PMID: 38696670 DOI: 10.1071/fp24036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum ) has gained more attention worldwide in recent decades because of its importance as a bioenergy resource and in producing table sugar. However, the production capabilities of conventional varieties are being challenged by the changing climates, which struggle to meet the escalating demands of the growing global population. Genome editing has emerged as a pivotal field that offers groundbreaking solutions in agriculture and beyond. It includes inserting, removing or replacing DNA in an organism's genome. Various approaches are employed to enhance crop yields and resilience in harsh climates. These techniques include zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated protein (CRISPR/Cas). Among these, CRISPR/Cas is one of the most promising and rapidly advancing fields. With the help of these techniques, several crops like rice (Oryza sativa ), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ), maize (Zea mays ), barley (Hordeum vulgare ) and sugarcane have been improved to be resistant to viral diseases. This review describes recent advances in genome editing with a particular focus on sugarcane and focuses on the advantages and limitations of these approaches while also considering the regulatory and ethical implications across different countries. It also offers insights into future prospects and the application of these approaches in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Tanveer
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zain Ul Abidin
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Ahmad Naeem Shahzad
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakarriya University, Multan 60650, Pakistan
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahmad Khan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Sameer Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Farouk Oraby
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; and Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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4
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Fayaz T, Renuka N, Ratha SK. Antibiotic occurrence, environmental risks, and their removal from aquatic environments using microalgae: Advances and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140822. [PMID: 38042426 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic pollution has caused a continuous increase in the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments worldwide. Algae-based bioremediation technology is a promising eco-friendly means to remove antibiotics and highly resistant ARGs, and the generated biomass can be utilized to produce value-added products of industrial significance. This review discussed the prevalence of antibiotics and ARGs in aquatic environments and their environmental risks to non-target organisms. The potential of various microalgal species for antibiotic and ARG removal, their mechanisms, strategies for enhanced removal, and future directions were reviewed. Antibiotics can be degraded into non-toxic compounds in microalgal cells through the action of extracellular polymeric substances, glutathione-S-transferase, and cytochrome P450; however, antibiotic stress can alter microalgal gene expression and growth. This review also deciphered the effect of antibiotic stress on microalgal physiology, biomass production, and biochemical composition that can impact their commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tufail Fayaz
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Nirmal Renuka
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
| | - Sachitra Kumar Ratha
- Algology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
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5
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Mizushima S, Sasanami T, Ono T, Kuroiwa A. Current Approaches to and the Application of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) for Avian Genome Editing. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030757. [PMID: 36981028 PMCID: PMC10048369 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry are one of the most valuable resources for human society. They are also recognized as a powerful experimental animal for basic research on embryogenesis. Demands for the supply of low-allergen eggs and bioreactors have increased with the development of programmable genome editing technology. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has recently been used to produce transgenic animals and various animals in the agricultural industry and has also been successfully adopted for the modification of chicken and quail genomes. In this review, we describe the successful establishment of genome-edited lines combined with germline chimera production systems mediated by primordial germ cells and by viral infection in poultry. The avian intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) system that we previously established and recent advances in ICSI for genome editing are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusei Mizushima
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sasanami
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Tamao Ono
- Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hiro-oka, Shiojiri 399-0781, Nagano, Japan
| | - Asato Kuroiwa
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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Saeed F, Chaudhry UK, Raza A, Charagh S, Bakhsh A, Bohra A, Ali S, Chitikineni A, Saeed Y, Visser RGF, Siddique KHM, Varshney RK. Developing future heat-resilient vegetable crops. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:47. [PMID: 36692535 PMCID: PMC9873721 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-00967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Climate change seriously impacts global agriculture, with rising temperatures directly affecting the yield. Vegetables are an essential part of daily human consumption and thus have importance among all agricultural crops. The human population is increasing daily, so there is a need for alternative ways which can be helpful in maximizing the harvestable yield of vegetables. The increase in temperature directly affects the plants' biochemical and molecular processes; having a significant impact on quality and yield. Breeding for climate-resilient crops with good yields takes a long time and lots of breeding efforts. However, with the advent of new omics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, the efficiency and efficacy of unearthing information on pathways associated with high-temperature stress resilience has improved in many of the vegetable crops. Besides omics, the use of genomics-assisted breeding and new breeding approaches such as gene editing and speed breeding allow creation of modern vegetable cultivars that are more resilient to high temperatures. Collectively, these approaches will shorten the time to create and release novel vegetable varieties to meet growing demands for productivity and quality. This review discusses the effects of heat stress on vegetables and highlights recent research with a focus on how omics and genome editing can produce temperature-resilient vegetables more efficiently and faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Saeed
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Usman Khalid Chaudhry
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Allah Bakhsh
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abhishek Bohra
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Australia
| | - Sumbul Ali
- Akhuwat Faisalabad Institute of Research Science and Technology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Annapurna Chitikineni
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Australia
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Yasir Saeed
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Richard G F Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, 15, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6001, Australia
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Australia.
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India.
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7
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Ewa WG, Agata T, Milica P, Anna B, Dennis E, Nick V, Godelieve G, Selim C, Naghmeh A, Tomasz T. Public perception of plant gene technologies worldwide in the light of food security. GM CROPS & FOOD 2022; 13:218-241. [PMID: 35996854 PMCID: PMC9415543 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2022.2111946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Achieving global food security is becoming increasingly challenging and many stakeholders around the world are searching for new ways to reach this demanding goal. Here we demonstrate examples of genetically modified and genome edited plants introduced to the market in different world regions. Transgenic crops are regulated based on the characteristics of the product in many countries including the United States and Canada, while the European Union, India, China and others regulate process-based i.e. on how the product was made. We also present the public perception of state-of-the-art plant gene technologies in different regions of the world in the past 20 years. The results of literature analysis show that the public in Europe and North America is more familiar with the notion of genome editing and genetically modified organisms than the public in other world regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyczewska Agata
- Laboratory of Animal Model Organisms, Institute of Biorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Beniermann Anna
- Biology Education, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eriksson Dennis
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- Department of Biotechnology, INN University, 2318 Hamar, Norway
| | - Vangheluwe Nick
- Euroseeds, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, (Technologiepark 71), Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Cetiner Selim
- The Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Sabanci University, Turkey
| | - Abiri Naghmeh
- The Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Sabanci University, Turkey
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8
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Hingsamer M, Kulmer V, de Roode M, Kernitzkyi M. Environmental and socio-economic impacts of new plant breeding technologies: A case study of root chicory for inulin production. Front Genome Ed 2022; 4:919392. [PMID: 36275198 PMCID: PMC9582860 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2022.919392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In Europe, root chicory and other plants are cultivated for their prebiotic food fiber, inulin, which boosts the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and stimulates the human immune system. CHIC, a H2020 project, develops new chicory variants which produce more and reported to be healthier inulin as well as medicinal terpenes. This paper presents an environmental and socio-economic assessment of the whole value chain of the new chicory variants and their derived products using a case study based in the Netherlands. Two scenarios based on new chicory variants using new plant breeding technologies (NPBT) are analyzed and impacts thereof are compared to the reference scenario; the current commercial inulin process from conventional chicory. Both scenarios show higher inulin content, but the inulin adsorption process differs. While one aims to optimize inulin yield, the other one explores the potential of a multipurpose use, yielding inulin and health beneficial terpenes. Methodologically, we employ multi-regional input-output (MRIO) analysis to estimate additional economic benefits, added value and job creation, while by means of life cycle assessment (LCA) effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and primary energy demand are derived. Both methods, MRIO and LCA, are well suited to analyze the raised issues and draw on the same data. Generally, the results highlight the importance of inulin production at a national and EU-level in the reference scenario. In case of the two scenarios, we find that the related socio-economic impacts are much higher than in the reference scenario and thus highlight their ability to boost economic activity and increase competiveness of the EU, i.e. over 80% of the generated value added stays in the EU. In terms of environmental impacts, the two scenarios show lower GHG emissions and primary energy demand due to the higher efficiencies of the process in the scenarios compared to the reference inulin process. Additionally, regarding the goal of climate neutral production, we find that the majority of GHG emissions stem from the electricity mix and natural gas demand. Replacing these sources of energy with more renewable ones will contribute to this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hingsamer
- Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, LIFE—Institute for Climate, Energy and Society, Graz, Austria,*Correspondence: Maria Hingsamer,
| | - Veronika Kulmer
- Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, LIFE—Institute for Climate, Energy and Society, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Michael Kernitzkyi
- Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, LIFE—Institute for Climate, Energy and Society, Graz, Austria
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de Lange J, Nalley LL, Yang W, Shew A, de Steur H. The future of CRISPR gene editing according to plant scientists. iScience 2022; 25:105012. [PMID: 36093047 PMCID: PMC9460836 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study surveyed 669 plant scientists globally to elicit how (which outcomes of gene editing), where (which continent) and what (which crops) are most likely to benefit from CRISPR research and if there is a consensus about specific barriers to commercial adoption in agriculture. Further, we disaggregated public and private plant scientists to see if there was heterogeneity in their views of the future of CRISPR research. Our findings suggest that maize and soybeans are anticipated to benefit the most from CRISPR technology with fungus and virus resistance the most common vehicle for its implementation. Across the board, plant scientists viewed consumer perception/knowledge gap to be the most impeding barrier of CRISPR adoption. Although CRISPR has been hailed as a technology that can help alleviate food insecurity and improve agricultural sustainability, our study has shown that plant scientists believe there are some large concerns about the consumer perceptions of CRISPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Job de Lange
- Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Lawton Lanier Nalley
- Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Aaron Shew
- Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Hans de Steur
- Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Gent, Gent, Belgium
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Parsaeimehr A, Ebirim RI, Ozbay G. CRISPR-Cas technology a new era in genomic engineering. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 34:e00731. [PMID: 35686011 PMCID: PMC9171425 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems offer a flexible and easy-to-use molecular platform to precisely modify and control organisms' genomes in a variety of fields, from agricultural biotechnology to therapeutics. With CRISPR technology, crop genomes can be precisely edited in a shorter and more efficient approach compared to traditional breeding or classic mutagenesis. CRISPR-Cas system can be used to manage the fermentation process by addressing phage resistance, antimicrobial activity, and genome editing. CRISPR-Cas technology has opened up a new era in gene therapy and other therapeutic fields and given hope to thousands of patients with genetic diseases. Anti-CRISPR molecules are powerful tools for regulating the CRISPR-Cas systems.
The CRISPR-Cas systems have offered a flexible, easy-to-use platform to precisely modify and control the genomes of organisms in various fields, ranging from agricultural biotechnology to therapeutics. This system is extensively used in the study of infectious, progressive, and life-threatening genetic diseases for the improvement of quality and quantity of major crops and in the development of sustainable methods for the generation of biofuels. As CRISPR-Cas technology continues to evolve, it is becoming more controllable and precise with the addition of molecular regulators, which will provide benefits for everyone and save many lives. Studies on the constant growth of CRISPR technology are important due to its rapid development. In this paper, we present the current applications and progress of CRISPR-Cas genome editing systems in several fields of research, we further highlight the applications of anti-CRISPR molecules to regulate CRISPR-Cas gene editing systems, and we discuss ethical considerations in CRISPR-Cas applications.
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Ashraf MF, Hou D, Hussain Q, Imran M, Pei J, Ali M, Shehzad A, Anwar M, Noman A, Waseem M, Lin X. Entailing the Next-Generation Sequencing and Metabolome for Sustainable Agriculture by Improving Plant Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:651. [PMID: 35054836 PMCID: PMC8775971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop production is a serious challenge to provide food for the 10 billion individuals forecasted to live across the globe in 2050. The scientists' emphasize establishing an equilibrium among diversity and quality of crops by enhancing yield to fulfill the increasing demand for food supply sustainably. The exploitation of genetic resources using genomics and metabolomics strategies can help generate resilient plants against stressors in the future. The innovation of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) strategies laid the foundation to unveil various plants' genetic potential and help us to understand the domestication process to unmask the genetic potential among wild-type plants to utilize for crop improvement. Nowadays, NGS is generating massive genomic resources using wild-type and domesticated plants grown under normal and harsh environments to explore the stress regulatory factors and determine the key metabolites. Improved food nutritional value is also the key to eradicating malnutrition problems around the globe, which could be attained by employing the knowledge gained through NGS and metabolomics to achieve suitability in crop yield. Advanced technologies can further enhance our understanding in defining the strategy to obtain a specific phenotype of a crop. Integration among bioinformatic tools and molecular techniques, such as marker-assisted, QTLs mapping, creation of reference genome, de novo genome assembly, pan- and/or super-pan-genomes, etc., will boost breeding programs. The current article provides sequential progress in NGS technologies, a broad application of NGS, enhancement of genetic manipulation resources, and understanding the crop response to stress by producing plant metabolites. The NGS and metabolomics utilization in generating stress-tolerant plants/crops without deteriorating a natural ecosystem is considered a sustainable way to improve agriculture production. This highlighted knowledge also provides useful research that explores the suitable resources for agriculture sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Furqan Ashraf
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin’An, Hangzhou 311300, China; (M.F.A.); (D.H.); (Q.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Dan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin’An, Hangzhou 311300, China; (M.F.A.); (D.H.); (Q.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Quaid Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin’An, Hangzhou 311300, China; (M.F.A.); (D.H.); (Q.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Colleges of Agriculture and Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.I.); (M.W.)
| | - Jialong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin’An, Hangzhou 311300, China; (M.F.A.); (D.H.); (Q.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Mohsin Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Aamar Shehzad
- Maize Research Station, AARI, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Colleges of Agriculture and Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.I.); (M.W.)
| | - Xinchun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin’An, Hangzhou 311300, China; (M.F.A.); (D.H.); (Q.H.); (J.P.)
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12
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Friedrichs S, Ludlow K, Kearns P. Regulatory and Policy Considerations Around Genome Editing in Agriculture. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2495:327-366. [PMID: 35696041 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2301-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasingly widespread use of genome editing brought with it a fierce debate about the most adequate regulation of this latest innovation in modern biotechnology and the products resulting from it. In almost all cases, this debate has become a repetition or continuation of the deliberations concerning genetically modified organisms (GMOs) of the 1990s and early 2000s.This chapter aims to untangle the historically influenced and often biased arguments of the debates by addressing the complex question of the correct interpretation of relevant underlying law and its applicability. In doing so, the chapter considers 25 countries and regions that have published results or ongoing investigations and discussions pertaining to the governance of genome editing in their jurisdictions: 16 have published policies or signed statements that exempt gene edited plants from GMO-regulations, as long as no foreign DNA or transgene remained in the final product. Such exemptions are based on the widely supported acceptance that the products of the underlying genome editing processes resemble those of "conventional breeding" techniques. These policies and statements often refer to the important role that modern precision biotechnologies, of which genome editing is one, play in addressing some of the world's overarching challenges, such as the loss of biodiversity, pest and disease control, and climate change; they are furthermore shown to exhibit an adherence to the four universal principles of good regulation: (a) proportionality, (b) non-discrimination, (c) predictability, and (d) enforceability. And while it is the right of jurisdictions to develop their own regulations independent from that of their neighbors, it is specifically the principle of "enforceability" that may become the ultimate litmus test of those regulations that do not grant exemptions from GMO-regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karinne Ludlow
- Faculty of Law, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Genome-editing in millets: current knowledge and future perspectives. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:773-781. [PMID: 34825322 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06975-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Millets are small seeded cereal crops predominantly cultivated and consumed by resource-poor farmers in the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa. Millets possess rich nutrients and a climate resilience property when compared to the other cereals such as rice and wheat. Millet improvement using modern genetic and genomic tools is falling behind other cereal crops due to their cultivation being restricted to less developed countries. Genome editing tools have been successfully applied to major cereal crops and, as a result, many key traits have been introduced into rice, wheat and maize. However, genome editing tools have not yet been used for most millets although they possess rich nutrients. The foxtail millet is the only millet utilised up to now for genome editing works. Limited genomic resources and lack of efficient transformation systems may slow down genome editing in millets. As millets possess many important traits of agricultural importance, high resolution studies with genome editing tools will help to understand the specific mechanism and transfer such traits to major cereals in the future. This review covers the current status of genome editing studies in millets and discusses the future prospects of genome editing in millets to understand key traits of nutrient fortification and develop climate resilient crops in the future.
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Roohigohar S, Clarke AR, Prentis PJ. Gene selection for studying frugivore-plant interactions: a review and an example using Queensland fruit fly in tomato. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11762. [PMID: 34434644 PMCID: PMC8359797 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit production is negatively affected by a wide range of frugivorous insects, among them tephritid fruit flies are one of the most important. As a replacement for pesticide-based controls, enhancing natural fruit resistance through biotechnology approaches is a poorly researched but promising alternative. The use of quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) is an approach to studying gene expression which has been widely used in studying plant resistance to pathogens and non-frugivorous insect herbivores, and offers a starting point for fruit fly studies. In this paper, we develop a gene selection pipe-line for known induced-defense genes in tomato fruit, Solanum lycopersicum, and putative detoxification genes in Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, as a basis for future RT-qPCR research. The pipeline started with a literature review on plant/herbivore and plant/pathogen molecular interactions. With respect to the fly, this was then followed by the identification of gene families known to be associated with insect resistance to toxins, and then individual genes through reference to annotated B. tryoni transcriptomes and gene identity matching with related species. In contrast for tomato, a much better studied species, individual defense genes could be identified directly through literature research. For B. tryoni, gene selection was then further refined through gene expression studies. Ultimately 28 putative detoxification genes from cytochrome P450 (P450), carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferases (GST), and ATP binding cassette transporters (ABC) gene families were identified for B. tryoni, and 15 induced defense genes from receptor-like kinase (RLK), D-mannose/L-galactose, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), lipoxygenase (LOX), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) pathways and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), proteinase inhibitors (PI) and resistance (R) gene families were identified from tomato fruit. The developed gene selection process for B. tryoni can be applied to other herbivorous and frugivorous insect pests so long as the minimum necessary genomic information, an annotated transcriptome, is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Roohigohar
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anthony R Clarke
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter J Prentis
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Raybould A. New Frontiers in Biosafety and Biosecurity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:727386. [PMID: 34368110 PMCID: PMC8334000 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.727386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Raybould
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security and the Innogen Institute, Old Surgeons’ Hall, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Hussain A, Ding X, Alariqi M, Manghwar H, Hui F, Li Y, Cheng J, Wu C, Cao J, Jin S. Herbicide Resistance: Another Hot Agronomic Trait for Plant Genome Editing. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:621. [PMID: 33805182 PMCID: PMC8064318 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Weeds have continually interrupted crop plants since their domestication, leading to a greater yield loss compared to diseases and pests that necessitated the practice of weed control measures. The control of weeds is crucial to ensuring the availability of sufficient food for a rapidly increasing human population. Chemical weed control (herbicides) along with integrated weed management (IWM) practices can be the most effective and reliable method of weed management programs. The application of herbicides for weed control practices calls for the urgency to develop herbicide-resistant (HR) crops. Recently, genome editing tools, especially CRISPR-Cas9, have brought innovation in genome editing technology that opens up new possibilities to provide sustainable farming in modern agricultural industry. To date, several non-genetically modified (GM) HR crops have been developed through genome editing that can present a leading role to combat weed problems along with increasing crop productivity to meet increasing food demand around the world. Here, we present the chemical method of weed control, approaches for herbicide resistance development, and possible advantages and limitations of genome editing in herbicide resistance. We also discuss how genome editing would be effective in combating intensive weed problems and what would be the impact of genome-edited HR crops in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Hussain
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China; (A.H.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (C.W.)
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.D.); (M.A.); (F.H.)
| | - Xiao Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.D.); (M.A.); (F.H.)
| | - Muna Alariqi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.D.); (M.A.); (F.H.)
| | - Hakim Manghwar
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Fengjiao Hui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.D.); (M.A.); (F.H.)
| | - Yapei Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China; (A.H.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Junqi Cheng
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China; (A.H.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Chenglin Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China; (A.H.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Jinlin Cao
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China; (A.H.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.D.); (M.A.); (F.H.)
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Gutierrez-Reinoso MA, Aponte PM, Garcia-Herreros M. Genomic Analysis, Progress and Future Perspectives in Dairy Cattle Selection: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:599. [PMID: 33668747 PMCID: PMC7996307 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomics comprises a set of current and valuable technologies implemented as selection tools in dairy cattle commercial breeding programs. The intensive progeny testing for production and reproductive traits based on genomic breeding values (GEBVs) has been crucial to increasing dairy cattle productivity. The knowledge of key genes and haplotypes, including their regulation mechanisms, as markers for productivity traits, may improve the strategies on the present and future for dairy cattle selection. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) such as quantitative trait loci (QTL), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), or single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) methods have already been included in global dairy programs for the estimation of marker-assisted selection-derived effects. The increase in genetic progress based on genomic predicting accuracy has also contributed to the understanding of genetic effects in dairy cattle offspring. However, the crossing within inbred-lines critically increased homozygosis with accumulated negative effects of inbreeding like a decline in reproductive performance. Thus, inaccurate-biased estimations based on empirical-conventional models of dairy production systems face an increased risk of providing suboptimal results derived from errors in the selection of candidates of high genetic merit-based just on low-heritability phenotypic traits. This extends the generation intervals and increases costs due to the significant reduction of genetic gains. The remarkable progress of genomic prediction increases the accurate selection of superior candidates. The scope of the present review is to summarize and discuss the advances and challenges of genomic tools for dairy cattle selection for optimizing breeding programs and controlling negative inbreeding depression effects on productivity and consequently, achieving economic-effective advances in food production efficiency. Particular attention is given to the potential genomic selection-derived results to facilitate precision management on modern dairy farms, including an overview of novel genome editing methodologies as perspectives toward the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Gutierrez-Reinoso
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), Latacunga 05-0150, Ecuador
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Pedro M. Aponte
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales (COCIBA), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito 170157, Ecuador
- Campus Cumbayá, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina “One-health”, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito 170157, Ecuador
| | - Manuel Garcia-Herreros
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), 2005-048 Santarém, Portugal
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Park JS, Lee KY, Han JY. Precise Genome Editing in Poultry and Its Application to Industries. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1182. [PMID: 33053652 PMCID: PMC7601607 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry such as chickens are valuable model animals not only in the food industry, but also in developmental biology and biomedicine. Recently, precise genome-editing technologies mediated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system have developed rapidly, enabling the production of genome-edited poultry models with novel traits that are applicable to basic sciences, agriculture, and biomedical industry. In particular, these techniques have been combined with cultured primordial germ cells (PGCs) and viral vector systems to generate a valuable genome-edited avian model for a variety of purposes. Here, we summarize recent progress in CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-editing technology and its applications to avian species. In addition, we describe further applications of genome-edited poultry in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.S.P.); (K.Y.L.)
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Friedrichs S, Takasu Y, Kearns P, Dagallier B, Oshima R, Schofield J, Moreddu C. Policy Considerations Regarding Genome Editing. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:1029-1032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Friedrichs S, Takasu Y, Kearns P, Dagallier B, Oshima R, Schofield J, Moreddu C. Meeting report of the OECD conference on "Genome Editing: Applications in Agriculture-Implications for Health, Environment and Regulation". Transgenic Res 2019; 28:419-463. [PMID: 31309374 PMCID: PMC6647521 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-019-00154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The "OECD Conference on Genome Editing: Applications in Agriculture-Implications for Health, Environment and Regulation" was held on the 28-29 June 2018 at the OECD headquarter and conference centre in Paris, France. It brought together policy makers, academia, innovators and other stakeholders involved in the topic, in order to take stock of the current technical developments and implementations of genome editing, as well as their applications in various areas of agriculture and the implications they give rise to (More information on the "OECD Conference on Genome Editing: Applications in Agriculture-Implications for Health, Environment and Regulation" can be found on the OECD Genome Editing hub: http://www.oecd.org/environment/genome-editing-agriculture/ ; the hub also contains the detailed conference programme, the biographies of all conference speakers, the detailed conference abstracts, and the presentations of the two-day conference). The conference aimed to provide a clearer understanding of the regulatory considerations raised by products of genome editing, pointing towards a coherent policy approach to facilitate innovations involving genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoko Takasu
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2, Rue André Pascal, 75775, Paris Cedex 16, France
| | - Peter Kearns
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2, Rue André Pascal, 75775, Paris Cedex 16, France
| | - Bertrand Dagallier
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2, Rue André Pascal, 75775, Paris Cedex 16, France
| | - Ryudai Oshima
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2, Rue André Pascal, 75775, Paris Cedex 16, France
| | - Janet Schofield
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2, Rue André Pascal, 75775, Paris Cedex 16, France
| | - Catherine Moreddu
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2, Rue André Pascal, 75775, Paris Cedex 16, France
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