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Appegren A, Boschiroli ML, De Cruz K, Michelet L, Héry-Arnaud G, Kempf M, Lanotte P, Bemer P, Peuchant O, Pestel-Caron M, Skalli S, Brasme L, Martin C, Enault C, Carricajo A, Guet-Revillet H, Ponsoda M, Jacomo V, Bourgoin A, Trombert-Paolantoni S, Carrière C, Dupont C, Conquet G, Galal L, Banuls AL, Godreuil S. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Mycobacterium bovis at the Human-Animal-Ecosystem Interface in France: “A One Health Approach”. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040548. [PMID: 37111434 PMCID: PMC10143977 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis infects cattle and wildlife, and also causes a small proportion of tuberculosis cases in humans. In most European countries, M. bovis infections in cattle have been drastically reduced, but not eradicated. Here, to determine the M. bovis circulation within and between the human, cattle, and wildlife compartments, we characterized by spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing the genetic diversity of M. bovis isolates collected from humans, cattle, and wildlife in France from 2000 to 2010. We also assessed their genetic structure within and among the different host groups, and across time and space. The M. bovis genetic structure and its spatiotemporal variations showed different dynamics in the human and animal compartments. Most genotypes detected in human isolates were absent in cattle and wildlife isolates, possibly because in patients, M. bovis infection was contracted abroad or was the reactivation of an old lesion. Therefore, they did not match the genetic pool present in France during the study period. However, some human-cattle exchanges occurred because some genotypes were common to both compartments. This study provides new elements for understanding M. bovis epidemiology in France, and calls for increased efforts to control this pathogen worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Appegren
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Maria Laura Boschiroli
- ANSES Laboratory for Animal Health, Tuberculosis National Reference Laboratory, University Paris-Est, 94000 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Krystel De Cruz
- ANSES Laboratory for Animal Health, Tuberculosis National Reference Laboratory, University Paris-Est, 94000 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Lorraine Michelet
- ANSES Laboratory for Animal Health, Tuberculosis National Reference Laboratory, University Paris-Est, 94000 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Marie Kempf
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, CHU Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | | | - Pascale Bemer
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, CHU Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Olivia Peuchant
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, CHU Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Soumaya Skalli
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, CHU Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Lucien Brasme
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, CHU Reims, 51000 Reims, France
| | | | - Cecilia Enault
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, CHU Nîmes, 30000 Nîmes, France
| | - Anne Carricajo
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, CHU Saint-Etienne, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | | | | | - Anne Bourgoin
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | | | - Christian Carrière
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
- UMR, MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Chloé Dupont
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Guilhem Conquet
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Lokman Galal
- UMR, MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Laure Banuls
- UMR, MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
- UMR, MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
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2
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Sdiri C, Ben Souf I, Ben Salem I, M'Hamdi N, Ben Hamouda M. Assessment of Genetic and Health Management of Tunisian Holstein Dairy Herds with a Focus on Longevity. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030670. [PMID: 36980943 PMCID: PMC10048445 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In Tunisia, the recognition of the possibility of including longevity and disease resistance in dairy cattle selection objectives has been hypothesized as a useful strategy by both researchers and producers. However, in this paper, the state of the art, with a focus on health and longevity, is reviewed. Along the same lines, the heritability for the milk traits, fertility traits, and longevity of Tunisian Holstein dairy cows complies with the literature. Therefore, the influence of genetics on some diseases of the dairy cow was investigated. In addition, a decreasing efficiency in cow fertility has been observed over the last few years. The results showed that the risk of culling increased with common diseases. When analyzed with the Weibull model, functional lifespan was strongly influenced by milk yield; therefore, the risk increased with a reduced milk yield. In her first three lactations, the relative risk of selection increased gradually with lactation. Thus, the risk of thinning is highest at the beginning and end of the first feeding and the end of her second feeding. In conclusion, the risk of culling was reduced in parity. The factors that influence the life of the herd, such as health, husbandry, environmental conditions, and management, are often ignored when evaluating longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaima Sdiri
- Research Laboratory of Ecosystems & Aquatic Resources, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Ben Souf
- Research Laboratory of Ecosystems & Aquatic Resources, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ben Salem
- Department of Animal Production, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia
| | - Naceur M'Hamdi
- Research Laboratory of Ecosystems & Aquatic Resources, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ben Hamouda
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAT), Rue Hédi Karray, El Menzah 1004, Tunisia
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3
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Kasir D, Osman N, Awik A, El Ratel I, Rafei R, Al Kassaa I, El Safadi D, Salma R, El Omari K, Cummings KJ, Kassem II, Osman M. Zoonotic Tuberculosis: A Neglected Disease in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region. Diseases 2023; 11:diseases11010039. [PMID: 36975589 PMCID: PMC10047434 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis is the etiologic agent of bovine tuberculosis (BTB), a serious infectious disease in both humans and animals. BTB is a zoonotic disease primarily affecting cattle and occasionally humans infected through close contact with infected hosts or the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. Zoonotic tuberculosis is strongly associated with poverty and poor hygiene, and low- and middle-income countries bear the brunt of the disease. BTB has been increasingly recognized as a growing public health threat in developing countries. However, the lack of effective surveillance programs in many of these countries poses a barrier to accurately determining the true burden of this disease. Additionally, the control of BTB is threatened by the emergence of drug-resistant strains that affect the effectiveness of current treatment regimens. Here, we analyzed current trends in the epidemiology of the disease as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of M. bovis in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, a region that includes several developing countries. Following PRISMA guidelines, a total of 90 studies conducted in the MENA region were selected. Our findings revealed that the prevalence of BTB among humans and cattle varied significantly according to the population size and country in the MENA region. Most of the available studies were based on culture and/or PCR strategies and were published without including data on antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing. Our findings highlighted the paramount need for the use of appropriate diagnostic tools and the implementation of sustainable control measures, especially at the human/animal interface, in the MENA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Kasir
- Quality Control Center Laboratories at the Chamber of Commerce, Industry & Agriculture of Tripoli & North Lebanon, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Nour Osman
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1100, Lebanon
| | - Aicha Awik
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Imane El Ratel
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Rayane Rafei
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Imad Al Kassaa
- Fonterra Research and Development Center, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Dima El Safadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Rayane Salma
- Quality Control Center Laboratories at the Chamber of Commerce, Industry & Agriculture of Tripoli & North Lebanon, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Khaled El Omari
- Quality Control Center Laboratories at the Chamber of Commerce, Industry & Agriculture of Tripoli & North Lebanon, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Kevin J. Cummings
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Issmat I. Kassem
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA
| | - Marwan Osman
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-607-262-4219
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Couvin D, Cervera-Marzal I, David A, Reynaud Y, Rastogi N. SITVITBovis—a publicly available database and mapping tool to get an improved overview of animal and human cases caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Database (Oxford) 2022; 2022:6506437. [PMID: 35028657 PMCID: PMC8962452 DOI: 10.1093/database/baab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Limited data are available for bovine tuberculosis and the infections it can cause in humans and other mammals. We therefore constructed a publicly accessible SITVITBovis database that incorporates genotyping and epidemiological data on Mycobacterium bovis. It also includes limited data on Mycobacterium caprae (previously synonymous with the name M. bovis subsp. Caprae) that can infect both animals and humans. SITVITBovis incorporates data on 25,741 isolates corresponding to 60 countries of origin (75 countries of isolation). It reports a total of 1000 spoligotype patterns: 537 spoligotype international types (SITs, containing 25 278 clinical isolates) and 463 orphan patterns, allowing a wide overview of the geographic distribution of various phylogenetical sublineages (BOV_1, BOV_2, BOV_3 and BOV_4-CAPRAE). The SIT identifiers of the SITVITBovis were compared to the SB numbers of the Mbovis.org database to facilitate crosscheck among databases. Note that SITVITBovis also contains limited information on mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeats when available. Significant differences were observed when comparing age/gender of human isolates as well as various hosts. The database includes information on the regions where a strain was isolated as well as hosts involved, making it possible to see geographic trends. SITVITBovis is publicly accessible at: http://www.pasteur-guadeloupe.fr:8081/SITVIT_Bovis. Finally, a future second version is currently in progress to allow query of associated whole-genome sequencing data. Database URLhttp://www.pasteur-guadeloupe.fr:8081/SITVIT_Bovis
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Affiliation(s)
- David Couvin
- WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory–TB and Mycobacteria Unit, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe , Abymes 97183, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Iñaki Cervera-Marzal
- WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory–TB and Mycobacteria Unit, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe , Abymes 97183, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Audrey David
- WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory–TB and Mycobacteria Unit, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe , Abymes 97183, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Yann Reynaud
- WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory–TB and Mycobacteria Unit, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe , Abymes 97183, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Nalin Rastogi
- WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory–TB and Mycobacteria Unit, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe , Abymes 97183, Guadeloupe, France
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5
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Belakehal F, Barth SA, Menge C, Mossadak HT, Malek N, Moser I. Evaluation of the discriminatory power of spoligotyping and 19-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MIRU-VNTR) of Mycobacterium bovis strains isolated from cattle in Algeria. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262390. [PMID: 35015775 PMCID: PMC8751994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium (M.) bovis and M. caprae is a transmissible disease of livestock, notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). BTB particularly affects cattle and small ruminants and can be transmitted to humans thereby posing a significant threat to veterinary and public health worldwide. M. bovis is the principal cause of bTB in Algeria. In order to better understand the route of spreading and elaborate an eradication program, isolation and characterization of mycobacteria from Algerian cattle was performed. Sixty strains belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex were analyzed by spoligotyping, thereof 42 by 19-locus-MIRU-VNTR-typing. Spoligotyping revealed 16 distinguishable patterns (Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index [HGDI] of 0.8294), with types SB0120 (n = 20) and SB0121 (n = 13) being the most frequent patterns, representing 55% of the strains. Analyses based on 19-locus-MIRU-VNTR yielded 32 different profiles, five clusters and one orphan pattern, showing higher discriminatory power (HGDI = 0.9779) than spoligotyping. Seven VNTR-loci [VNTR 577 (alias ETR C), 2163b (QU11b), 2165 (ETR A), 2461 (ETR B), 3007 (MIRU 27), 2163a (QUB11a) and 3232 (QUB 3232)] were the most discriminative loci (HGDI ˃ 0.50). In conclusion, 19-locus-MIRU-VNTR yielded more information than spoligotyping concerning molecular differentiation of strains and better supports the elucidation of transmission routes of M. bovis between Algerian cattle herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faïza Belakehal
- High National Veterinary School, Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Insurance System, El-Alia, Oued Smar, Algeria
- * E-mail: (FB); (SAB)
| | - Stefanie A. Barth
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Germany
- National Reference Laboratory for Bovine Tuberculosis, at Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Germany
- * E-mail: (FB); (SAB)
| | - Christian Menge
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Germany
| | - Hamdi T. Mossadak
- High National Veterinary School, Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Insurance System, El-Alia, Oued Smar, Algeria
| | - Naïm Malek
- Central Military Hospital, Department of Microbiology, Kouba, Algeria
| | - Irmgard Moser
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Germany
- National Reference Laboratory for Bovine Tuberculosis, at Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Germany
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6
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Chan TH, Huang CS, Tu C, Jou R. Bovine tuberculosis in Taiwan, 2008-2019. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e814-e822. [PMID: 34724711 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis. The impact of bTB on global TB control has been underestimated. We adopted the One Health approach to human bTB surveillance in Taiwan. Of 20,972 human TB cases, 202 (1.0%) were bTB, 78.2% were in males, 85.1% were new cases, 83.2% were pulmonary TB, and most were in Central (52.5%) and Southern (24.8%) Taiwan. Only 18.8% of bTB patients had known animal contact. Of the 202 human M. bovis strains, 100% were resistant to pyrazinamide (PZA), 30.2% were concurrently resistant to isoniazid (INH) and 2.0% were multidrug resistant, defined as being resistant to at least INH and rifampin. Whereas, of the 22 animal M. bovis strains, 100% and 22.7% were resistant to PZA and INH, respectively. Seven spoligotypes and 25 mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit genotypes were identified. The predominant genotype, SB0265, was also prevalent in livestock. Notably, six animal-specific M. bovis genotypes were identified. bTB differential diagnosis and drug resistance detection are crucial for TB control. Comprehensive surveillance and human-animal interface investigations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Hua Chan
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Sheng Huang
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien Tu
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ruwen Jou
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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7
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Byrne AS, Goudreau A, Bissonnette N, Shamputa IC, Tahlan K. Methods for Detecting Mycobacterial Mixed Strain Infections-A Systematic Review. Front Genet 2020; 11:600692. [PMID: 33408740 PMCID: PMC7779811 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.600692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed strain infection (MSI) refers to the concurrent infection of a susceptible host with multiple strains of a single pathogenic species. Known to occur in humans and animals, MSIs deserve special consideration when studying transmission dynamics, evolution, and treatment of mycobacterial diseases, notably tuberculosis in humans and paratuberculosis (or Johne's disease) in ruminants. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to examine how MSIs are defined in the literature, how widespread the phenomenon is across the host species spectrum, and to document common methods used to detect such infections. Our search strategy identified 121 articles reporting MSIs in both humans and animals, the majority (78.5%) of which involved members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, while only a few (21.5%) examined non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). In addition, MSIs exist across various host species, but most reports focused on humans due to the extensive amount of work done on tuberculosis. We reviewed the strain typing methods that allowed for MSI detection and found a few that were commonly employed but were associated with specific challenges. Our review notes the need for standardization, as some highly discriminatory methods are not adapted to distinguish between microevolution of one strain and concurrent infection with multiple strains. Further research is also warranted to examine the prevalence of NTM MSIs in both humans and animals. In addition, it is envisioned that the accurate identification and a better understanding of the distribution of MSIs in the future will lead to important information on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of mycobacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Goudreau
- Science & Health Sciences Librarian, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bissonnette
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Isdore Chola Shamputa
- Department of Nursing & Health Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Kapil Tahlan
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Damene H, Tahir D, Diels M, Berber A, Sahraoui N, Rigouts L. Broad diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains isolated from humans and cattle in Northern Algeria suggests a zoonotic transmission cycle. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008894. [PMID: 33253150 PMCID: PMC7728391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) comprises closely related species responsible for human and animal tuberculosis (TB). Efficient species determination is useful for epidemiological purposes, especially for the elucidation of the zoonotic contribution. In Algeria, data on MTBC genotypes are largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the occurrence and diversity of MTBC genotypes causing human and bovine TB in Northern Algeria. During a two-year sampling period (2017-2019) in two regions of Northern Algeria, we observed an overall prevalence of 6.5% of tuberculosis (TB) among slaughtered cattle, which is higher than previous Algerian data yet comparable to neighboring countries. A total of 296 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates were genotyped by spoligotyping: 181 from tissues with TB-like lesions collected from 181 cattle carcasses and 115 from TB patients. In human isolates, we identified 107 M. tuberculosis, seven M. bovis and one "M. pinnipedii-like", while for bovine samples, 174 isolates were identified as M. bovis, three as M. caprae, three as "M. pinnipedii-like" and one as "M. microti-like". The majority of isolates (89.2%) belonged to 72 different known Shared International Types (SIT) or M. bovis spoligotypes (SB), while we also identified seven new SB profiles (SB2695 to SB2701). Twenty-eight of the SB profiles were new to Algeria. Our data suggest zoonotic transmission in Sétif, where significantly more TB was observed among cattle (20%) compared to the slaughterhouses from the three other regions (5.4%-7.3%) (p < 0.0001), with the isolation of the same M. bovis genotypes from TB patients. The present study showed a high genetic diversity of MTBC isolated from human and cattle in Northern Algeria. Even though relatively small in terms of numbers, our data suggest the zoonotic transmission of TB from cattle to humans, suggesting the need for stronger eradication strategies for bovine TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Damene
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Djamel Tahir
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Maren Diels
- BCCM/ITM Mycobacterial Culture collection, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ali Berber
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Naima Sahraoui
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Leen Rigouts
- Mycobacteriology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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9
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Carneiro PAM, Pasquatti TN, Takatani H, Zumárraga MJ, Marfil MJ, Barnard C, Fitzgerald SD, Abramovitch RB, Araujo FR, Kaneene JB. Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle and buffalo in Amazon Region, Brazil. Vet Med Sci 2019; 6:133-141. [PMID: 31571406 PMCID: PMC7036311 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize Mycobacterium bovis from cattle and buffalo tissue samples, from two Brazilian states, and to analyse their genetic diversity by spoligotyping. Tissue samples from tuberculosis suspect animals, 57 in Amazonas State (12 cattle and 45 buffaloes) and six from Pará State (5 cattle and one buffalo) from slaughterhouses under State Veterinary Inspection, were isolated in culture medium Stonebrink. The positive cultures were confirmed by PCR and analysed by the spoligotyping technique and the patterns (spoligotypes) were identified and compared at the Mycobacterium bovis Spoligotype Database (http://www.mbovis.org/). There was bacterial growth in 44 (69.8%) of the tissues of the 63 animals, of which PCR for region of differentiation 4 identified 35/44 (79.5%) as Mycobacterium bovis. Six different spoligotypes were identified among the 35 Mycobacterium bovis isolates, of which SB0295, SB1869, SB0121 and SB1800 had already been described in Brazil, and SB0822 and SB1608 had not been described. The most frequent spoligotype in this study (SB0822) had already been described in buffaloes in Colombia, a neighbouring country of Amazonas state. The other identified spoligotypes were also described in other South American countries, such as Argentina and Venezuela, and described in the Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso and Goiás, indicating an active movement of Mycobacterium bovis strains within Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A M Carneiro
- Center for Comparative Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Amazonas State Federal Institute, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Haruo Takatani
- Agencia de Defesa Agropecuaria do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Martin J Zumárraga
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Biotecnología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria J Marfil
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Biotecnología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Scott D Fitzgerald
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert B Abramovitch
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Flábio R Araujo
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - John B Kaneene
- Center for Comparative Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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10
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Siala M, Cassan C, Smaoui S, Kammoun S, Marouane C, Godreuil S, Hachicha S, Mhiri E, Slim L, Gamara D, Messadi-Akrout F, Bañuls AL. A first insight into genetic diversity of Mycobacterium bovis isolated from extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in South Tunisia assessed by spoligotyping and MIRU VNTR. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007707. [PMID: 31532767 PMCID: PMC6750577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Tunisia, almost 77% of clinically and bacteriologically diagnosed cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) are zoonotic TB, caused by M. bovis. Although several studies have analyzed bovine TB in cattle in Tunisia, no study has evaluated the risk of transmission to humans in such an endemic country. We aimed to study the genetic diversity of M. bovis human isolates, to ascertain the causes of human EPTB infection by M. bovis and to investigate the distribution and population structure of this species in Tunisia. Materials and methods A total of 110 M. bovis isolates taken from patients with confirmed EPTB were characterized by spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR typing methods. Results Among the 15 spoligotypes detected in our study, 6 (SB0120, SB0121, SB2025, SB1200, SB1003 and SB0134) were the most prevalent (83.5%) of which SB0120, SB0121 and SB2025 were the most prevailing. MIRU-VNTR typing method showed a high genotypic and genetic diversity. The genetic differentiation based on MIRU-VNTR was significant between populations from South East (Tataouine, Medenine) and Central West (Gafsa, Sidi Bouzid, Kasserine) regions. Of note, 13/15 (86.7%) spoligotypes detected in our study were previously identified in cattle in Tunisia with different frequencies suggesting a peculiar ability of some genotypes to infect humans. Using combined spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR method, a high clustering rate of 43.9% was obtained. Our results underlined that human EPTB due to M. bovis was more commonly found in female gender and in young patients. Most of our patients, 66.4% (73/110) were raw milk or derivatives consumers, whereas 30.9% (34/110) patients would have contracted EPTB through contact with livestock. The findings suggest that the transmission of Zoonotic TB caused by M. bovis to humans mainly occurred by oral route through raw milk or derivatives. Conclusion Our study showed the urgent need of a better veterinary control with the implementation of effective and comprehensive strategies in order to reach a good protection of animals as well as human health. In South Tunisia, the prevalence of bovine TB is high with Mycobacterium bovis as causative agent and cattle as reservoir of the bacteria. However as previously mentioned in several studies, M. bovis is also responsible for human extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases in South Tunisia. Despite the veterinary and medical problems, M. bovis is still little studied. In this context, this work aimed to study the molecular epidemiology of M. bovis in EPTB patients in south Tunisia in order to determine the main risk factors of transmission. Our results underlined that SB0120, SB0121 and SB2025, previously described in cattle in Tunisia, represent the predominant genotypes. The findings highlighted that human EPTB caused by M. bovis mainly occurred through the consumption of raw milk or derivatives. These data demonstrate the urgent need to implement strategies for preventing and controlling zoonotic TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Siala
- Department of Biology, Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies, Sfax, University of Sfax-Tunisia
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology-Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Faculty of Sciences, Sfax, University of Sfax-Tunisia
- * E-mail:
| | - Cécile Cassan
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD–CNRS—Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Salma Smaoui
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Regional hygiene care laboratory, Hedi-Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Biology B, Faculty of pharmacy, Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sana Kammoun
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Regional hygiene care laboratory, Hedi-Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Biology B, Faculty of pharmacy, Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Chema Marouane
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Regional hygiene care laboratory, Hedi-Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Biology B, Faculty of pharmacy, Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD–CNRS—Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU de Montpellier, France
| | - Salma Hachicha
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Regional hygiene care laboratory, Hedi-Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Biology B, Faculty of pharmacy, Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Emna Mhiri
- Department of Biology B, Faculty of pharmacy, Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteria, Research Unit (UR12SP18), A. Mami University Hospital of Pneumology, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Leila Slim
- Department of Biology B, Faculty of pharmacy, Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteria, Research Unit (UR12SP18), A. Mami University Hospital of Pneumology, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Dhikrayet Gamara
- Basic Health Care Management, Ministry of Health, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Férièle Messadi-Akrout
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Regional hygiene care laboratory, Hedi-Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Biology B, Faculty of pharmacy, Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Anne-Laure Bañuls
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD–CNRS—Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Genomic Polymorphism Associated with the Emergence of Virulent Isolates of Mycobacterium bovis in the Nile Delta. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11657. [PMID: 31406159 PMCID: PMC6690966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis is responsible for bovine tuberculosis in both animals and humans. Despite being one of the most important global zoonotic disease, data related to the ecology and pathogenicity of bovine tuberculosis is scarce, especially in developing countries. In this report, we examined the dynamics of M. bovis transmission among dairy cattle in the Nile Delta of Egypt. Animals belonging to 27 herds from 7 governorates were tested by the Single Intradermal Comparative Skin Tuberculin (SICST), as a preliminary screen for the presence of bovine tuberculosis. Positive SICST reactors were identified in 3% of the animals spread among 40% of the examined herds. Post-mortem examination of slaughtered reactors confirmed the presence of both pulmonary and/or digestive forms of tuberculosis in > 50% of the examined animals. Targeted and whole-genome analysis of M. bovis isolates indicated the emergences of a predominant spoligotype (SB0268) between 2013–2015, suggesting a recent clonal spread of this isolate within the Nile Delta. Surprisingly, 2 isolates belonged to M. bovis BCG group, which are not allowed for animal vaccination in Egypt, while the rest of isolates belonged to the virulent M. bovis clonal complex European 2 present in Latin America and several European countries. Analysis of strain virulence in the murine model of tuberculosis indicated the emergence of a more virulent strain (MBE4) with a specific genotype. More analysis is needed to understand the molecular basis for successful spread of virulent isolates of bovine tuberculosis among animals and to establish genotype/phenotype association.
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12
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Djemal SE, Camperio C, Armas F, Siala M, Smaoui S, Messadi-Akrout F, Gdoura R, Marianelli C. Detection of a streptomycin-resistant Mycobacterium bovis strain through antitubercular drug susceptibility testing of Tunisian Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from cattle. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:296. [PMID: 30268120 PMCID: PMC6162935 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A rising isolation trend of drug-resistant M. bovis from human clinical cases is documented in the literature. Here we assessed Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from cattle for drug susceptibility by the gold standard agar proportion method and a simplified resazurin microtitre assay (d-REMA). A total of 38 M. tuberculosis complex strains, including M. bovis (n = 36) and M. caprae (n = 2) isolates, from cattle in Tunisia were tested against isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin, ethambutol, kanamycin and pyrazinamide. Results M. caprae isolates were found to be susceptible to all test drugs. All M. bovis strains were resistant to pyrazinamide, as expected. In addition, one M. bovis isolate showed high-level resistance to streptomycin (MIC > 500.0 μg/ml). Concordant results with the two methods were found. The most common target genes associated with streptomycin resistance, namely the rrs, rpsL and gidB genes, were DNA sequenced. A non-synonymous mutation at codon 43 (K43R) was found in the rpsL gene. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the isolation of a streptomycin-resistant M. bovis isolate from animal origin. Conclusions Antitubercular drug susceptibility testing of M. bovis isolates from animals should be performed in settings where bTB is endemic in order to estimate the magnitude of the risk of drug-resistant tuberculosis transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Eddine Djemal
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology-Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Cristina Camperio
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Armas
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariam Siala
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology-Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Department of Biology, Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Salma Smaoui
- Department of Microbiology, Regional Hygiene Care Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Hedi-Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Department of Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Department of Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteria, Research Unit (UR12SP18), A. Mami University Hospital of Pneumology, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Feriele Messadi-Akrout
- Department of Biology, Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Department of Microbiology, Regional Hygiene Care Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Hedi-Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Radhouane Gdoura
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology-Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Cinzia Marianelli
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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13
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Djemal SE, Siala M, Smaoui S, Kammoun S, Marouane C, Bezos J, Messadi-Akrout F, Romero B, Gdoura R. Genetic diversity assessment of Tunisian Mycobacterium bovis population isolated from cattle. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:393. [PMID: 29246228 PMCID: PMC5732386 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic diversity of M. bovis in Tunisia is still underestimated despite the implementation of an eradication program. The lack of data about spatial distribution of the M. bovis population hinders the control of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) progress. This study represents the largest molecular analysis of M. bovis isolates in Tunisia. It is aimed to upgrade the understanding of bTB epidemiology and the geographical distribution of the infection. Tuberculosis research was performed in cattle (n = 149) with TB-compatible lesions collected over 5 months from a slaughterhouse located in Sfax, Tunisia. Results Ninety-four animals were found to be infected by M. bovis and two others by M. caprae. Spoligotyping revealed twenty-five patterns, SB0120, SB0134, and SB0121 being the most prevalent profiles (36.4%, 11.4%, and 7.2%, respectively). Three new spoligotypes were detected: SB2345, SB2344 and SB2343. MIRU-VNTR analysis classified the isolates in seventy-three profiles and showed a large genotypic variety observed within the main spoligotype which was split into several MIRU-VNTR types: 29 in SB0120 (h = 0.983), 10 in SB0134 (h = 0.981) and 7 in SB0121 (h = 1). Genotyping revealed a common pattern in different geographic regions. It also showed that Sfax, located in southern-Tunisia, represents a high-risk area with an elevated genetic diversity. Conclusions Spatial analysis may provide insights into disease transmission, which affects the effectiveness of eradication campaigns in cattle. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-017-1314-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Eddine Djemal
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology-Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax-Tunisia, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Mariam Siala
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology-Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax-Tunisia, Sfax, Tunisia.,Department of Biology, Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies, University of Sfax-Tunisia, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Salma Smaoui
- Department of Microbiology, Regional Hygiene Care Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Hedi-Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir-Tunisia, Monastir, Tunisia.,Department of Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteria, Research Unit (UR12SP18), A, Mami University Hospital of Pneumology, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Sana Kammoun
- Department of Microbiology, Regional Hygiene Care Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Hedi-Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir-Tunisia, Monastir, Tunisia.,Department of Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteria, Research Unit (UR12SP18), A, Mami University Hospital of Pneumology, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Chema Marouane
- Department of Microbiology, Regional Hygiene Care Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Hedi-Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir-Tunisia, Monastir, Tunisia.,Department of Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteria, Research Unit (UR12SP18), A, Mami University Hospital of Pneumology, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Javier Bezos
- , MAEVA SERVET SL. C/ de la Fragua 3, 28749, Alameda del Valle, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Feriele Messadi-Akrout
- Department of Microbiology, Regional Hygiene Care Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Hedi-Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir-Tunisia, Monastir, Tunisia.,Department of Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteria, Research Unit (UR12SP18), A, Mami University Hospital of Pneumology, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Beatriz Romero
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Radhouane Gdoura
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology-Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax-Tunisia, Sfax, Tunisia
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14
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Yahyaoui-Azami H, Aboukhassib H, Bouslikhane M, Berrada J, Rami S, Reinhard M, Gagneux S, Feldmann J, Borrell S, Zinsstag J. Molecular characterization of bovine tuberculosis strains in two slaughterhouses in Morocco. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:272. [PMID: 28841870 PMCID: PMC5574129 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is caused by Mycobacterium bovis, which belongs to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Mycobacterium bovis have been described to be responsible of most cases of bovine tuberculosis. Although M. tuberculosis, M. africanum and non-complex mycobacteria were isolated from cattle. In Morocco, so far, no molecular studies were conducted to characterize the strains responsible of BTB. The present study aims to characterize M. bovis in Morocco. The present study was conducted in slaughterhouses in Rabat and El Jadida. Samples were collected from 327 slaughtered animals with visible lesions suggesting BTB. RESULTS A total of 225 isolates yielded cultures, 95% (n = 215) of them were acid-fast (AF). Sixty eight per cent of the AF positive samples were confirmed as tuberculous mycobacteria (n = 147), 99% of these (n = 146) having RD9 and among the latter, 98% (n = 143) positive while 2% (n = 3) negative for RD4 A total of 134 samples were analyzed by spoligotyping of which 14 were in cluster and with 41 different spoligotypes, ten of them were new patterns (23%). The most prevalent spoligotypes were SB0121, SB0265, and SB0120, and were already identified in many other countries, such as Algeria, Spain, Tunisia, the United States and Argentina. CONCLUSION The shared borders between Algeria and Morocco, in addition to the previous importation of cattle from Europe and the US could explain the similarities found in M. bovis spoligotypes. On the other hand, the desert of Morocco could be considered as an efficient barrier preventing the introduction of BTB to Morocco from West Central and East Africa. Our findings suggest a low level endemic transmission of BTB similar to other African countries. However, more research is needed for further knowledge about the transmission patterns of BTB in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Yahyaoui-Azami
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Hamid Aboukhassib
- Département de Biologie, Equipe Physiopathologies Nutritionnelles et Toxicologie, Faculté des Sciences UCD, El Jadida, Morocco
- Office Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire des produits Alimentaires, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bouslikhane
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jaouad Berrada
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Soukaina Rami
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Miriam Reinhard
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Gagneux
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Feldmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Borrell
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Haas DJ, Dorneles EMS, Spier SJ, Carroll SP, Edman J, Azevedo VA, Heinemann MB, Lage AP. Molecular epidemiology of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from horses in California. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 49:186-194. [PMID: 27979735 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biovar Equi is an important pathogen of horses. It is increasing in frequency in the United States, and is responsible for various clinical forms of infection, including external abscesses, internal abscesses of the abdominal or thoracic cavities, and ulcerative lymphangitis. The host/pathogen factors dictating the form or severity of infection are currently unknown. Our recent investigations have shown that genotyping C. pseudotuberculosis isolates using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR is useful for understanding the evolutionary genetics of the species as well for molecular epidemiology studies. The aims of the present study were to assess (i) the genetic diversity of C. pseudotuberculosis strains isolated from horses in California, United States and (ii) the epidemiologic relationships among isolates. One hundred and seven C. pseudotuberculosis biovar Equi isolates from ninety-five horses, and two C. pseudotuberculosis biovar Ovis strains, C. pseudotuberculosis ATCC 19410T type strain and C. pseudotuberculosis 1002 vaccine strain, were fingerprinted using the ERIC 1+2-PCR. C. pseudotuberculosis isolated from horses showed a high genetic diversity, clustering in twenty-seven genotypes with a diversity index of 0.91. Minimal spanning tree showed four major clonal complexes with a pattern of temporal clustering. Strains isolated from the same horse showed identical ERIC 1+2-PCR genotype, with the exception of two strains isolated from the same animal that showed distinct genotypes, suggesting a co-infection. We found no strong genetic signals related to clinical form (including internal versus external infections). However, temporal clustering of genotypes was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionei J Haas
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elaine M S Dorneles
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sharon J Spier
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Scott P Carroll
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Judy Edman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Vasco A Azevedo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos B Heinemann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrey P Lage
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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16
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Nava Vargas A, Milián Suazo F, Cantó Alarcón GJ, Rubio Venegas Y, Guerrero Solorio R, Rodríguez Hernández E, Pizano Martìnez O. Genetic diversity based on MIRU-VNTR profile of isolates of Mycobacterium bovis from Mexican cattle. Prev Vet Med 2016; 131:75-78. [PMID: 27544255 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), which affects cattle, animal species and humans. To determinate the genetic structure of strains of M. bovis in mexican cattle, 467 isolates obtained from 2009 to 2010 from different regions of Mexico with known spoligotype were included in the study. The isolates were genotyped by interspersed repeated mycobacterial units-variable number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) obtaining 13 MIRU-VNTR groups. When combining MIRU-VNTR patterns with its spolygotypes, the Hunter genetic discrimination index (HGDI), we obtained 421 genetic patterns distributed in 17 groups. The HGDI for the total loci was 0.99. The locus that presented the higher HGDI was 2461 (0.857), while the locus with the lowest HGDI was 2686 (0.239). When we analyzed our results, using just 6 or 8 MIRU-VNTR we obtained an discriminatory power of 0.8499 and 0.8875 respectively indicating lower HGDI than 12 MIRU-VNTR locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Nava Vargas
- Maestría en Salud y Producción Animal Sustentable, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Yezenia Rubio Venegas
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Guerrero Solorio
- Maestría en Salud y Producción Animal Sustentable, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.
| | | | - Oscar Pizano Martìnez
- CUCS, Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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17
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El-Sayed A, El-Shannat S, Kamel M, Castañeda-Vazquez MA, Castañeda-Vazquez H. Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis in Humans and Cattle. Zoonoses Public Health 2015; 63:251-64. [PMID: 26684712 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), is a serious re-emerging disease in both animals and humans. The evolution of the Multi- and Extensively drug-resistant M. bovis strains (MDR-TB and XDR-TB) represents a global threat to public health. Worldwide, the disease is responsible for great economic losses in the veterinary field, serious threat to the ecosystem, and about 3.1% of human TB cases, up to 16% in Tanzania. Only thorough investigation to understand the pathogen's epidemiology can help in controlling the disease and minimizing its threat. For this purpose, various tools have been developed for use in advanced molecular epidemiological studies of bTB, either alone or in combination with standard conventional epidemiological approaches. These techniques enable the analysis of the intra- and inter-species transmission dynamics of bTB. The delivered data can reveal detailed insights into the source of infection, correlations among human and bovine isolates, strain diversity and evolution, spread, geographical localization, host preference, tracing of certain virulence factors such as antibiotic resistance genes, and finally the risk factors for the maintenance and spread of M. bovis. They also allow for the determination of epidemic and endemic strains. This, in turn, has a significant diagnostic impact and helps in vaccine development for bTB eradication programs. The present review discusses many topics including the aetiology, epidemiology and importance of M. bovis, the prevalence of bTB in humans and animals in various countries, the molecular epidemiology of M. bovis, and finally applied molecular epidemiological techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A El-Sayed
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S El-Shannat
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Kamel
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M A Castañeda-Vazquez
- Laboratory of Mastitis and Molecular Diagnostic, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Veterinary Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - H Castañeda-Vazquez
- Laboratory of Mastitis and Molecular Diagnostic, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Veterinary Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Ghariani A, Jaouadi T, Smaoui S, Mehiri E, Marouane C, Kammoun S, Essalah L, Driss M, Messadi F, Slim-Saidi L. Diagnosis of lymph node tuberculosis using the GeneXpert MTB/RIF in Tunisia. Int J Mycobacteriol 2015; 4:270-5. [PMID: 26964807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GeneXpert MTB/RIF is a fully-automated diagnostic molecular test which simultaneously detects tuberculosis (TB) and rifampicin (RIF) drug resistance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF test for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in lymph node specimens and to show the place of Mycobacterium bovis as a major cause of TB lymphadenitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was conducted simultaneously in the National Reference Laboratory for Mycobacteria of Ariana and the Central Laboratory of Sfax, from January to December 2013. In total, 174 lymph node specimens were processed simultaneously for Ziehl-Neelsen, auramine and immuno-histochemical staining. Conventional culture on both Lowenstein-Jensen and liquid medium (Bactec MGIT 960 BD system) and the new molecular-based GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay system were performed. Positive cultures were confirmed using molecular identification (Genotype MTBC Hain Lifescience). RESULTS Among the 174 samples tested, the GeneXpert detected the DNA of MTBC in 134 samples (77%). Standard bacteriological assays, including AFB microscopy and culture, were positive, respectively, in 41 (23.6%) and 79 (45.4%) specimens. M. bovis was isolated in 76% of positive cultures. GeneXpert sensitivity and specificity results were assessed according to smear and culture results, clinical and histological findings. The sensitivity and specificity of the Xpert assay were 87.5% (126/144) and 73.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION The implementation of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay may dramatically improve the rapid diagnosis of lymph node TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ghariani
- National Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteria, Microbiology Laboratory, A. Mami Hospital of Pneumology, Ariana, Tunisia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Taha Jaouadi
- National Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteria, Microbiology Laboratory, A. Mami Hospital of Pneumology, Ariana, Tunisia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Selma Smaoui
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Emna Mehiri
- National Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteria, Microbiology Laboratory, A. Mami Hospital of Pneumology, Ariana, Tunisia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Chama Marouane
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sana Kammoun
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Leila Essalah
- National Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteria, Microbiology Laboratory, A. Mami Hospital of Pneumology, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Maha Driss
- Anatomopathology Laboratory, Institut Salah Azaiez, Tunisia
| | - Feriele Messadi
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Leila Slim-Saidi
- National Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteria, Microbiology Laboratory, A. Mami Hospital of Pneumology, Ariana, Tunisia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia
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Proposal of a Screening MIRU-VNTR Panel for the Preliminary Genotyping of Mycobacterium bovis in Mexico. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:416479. [PMID: 25945333 PMCID: PMC4402168 DOI: 10.1155/2015/416479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis is the major causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, one of the most relevant zoonoses in the world, and affects a wide range of wild and domesticated animals. Development of screening panels in mycobacterial genotyping, according to specific geographical regions, is strongly needed. The aim of this study is to select a panel, constituted by highly polymorphic MIRU-VNTR loci, to discriminate clinical isolates of M. bovis in Mexico. In this study, 65 isolates of M. bovis obtained from clinical bovine samples proceeding from different geographic regions of Mexico were identified by phenotypic and genotypic tests and subsequently genotyped by a 24-locus MIRU-VNTR panel. The most polymorphic loci were selected to build a panel with a high discriminatory power similar to the 24-locus panel results. A panel of seven elements (QUB 11a, MIRU 26, ETR-A, QUB 26, MIRU 16, MIRU 27, and MIRU 39) with the highest allelic diversity showed an appropriate differentiation. The selected MIRU-VNTR elements, according to the regional allelic variability, may be used in the preliminary genotyping of Mycobacterium bovis isolates in Mexico.
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Navarro Y, Romero B, Copano MF, Bouza E, Domínguez L, de Juan L, García-de-Viedma D. Multiple sampling and discriminatory fingerprinting reveals clonally complex and compartmentalized infections by M. bovis in cattle. Vet Microbiol 2014; 175:99-104. [PMID: 25439651 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The combination of new genotyping tools and a more exhaustive sampling policy in the analysis of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis has shown that infection by this pathogen is more complex than initially expected. Mixed infections, coexistence of clonal variants from a parental strain, and compartmentalized infections are all different modalities of this clonal complexity. Until recently, genotyping of Mycobacterium bovis in animal populations was based on spoligotyping and analysis of a single isolate per infection; therefore, clonal complexity is probably underdetected. We used multiple sampling combined with highly discriminatory MIRU-VNTR to study compartmentalized infections by M. bovis in a low-tuberculosis prevalence setting. We spoligotyped the M. bovis isolates from two or more anatomic locations sampled from 55 animals on 39 independent farms. Compartmentalized infections, with two different strains infecting independent lymph nodes in the same animal, were found in six cases (10.9%). MIRU-VNTR analysis confirmed that the compartmentalization was strict and that only one strain was present in each infected node. MIRU-VNTR analysis of additional infected animals on one of the farms confirmed that the compartmentalized infection was a consequence of superinfection, since the two strains were independently infecting other animals. This same analysis revealed the emergence of a microevolved clonal variant in one of the lymph nodes of the compartmentalized animal. Clonal complexity must also be taken into consideration in M. bovis infection, even in low-prevalence settings, and analyses must be adapted to detect it and increase the accuracy of molecular epidemiology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurena Navarro
- Servicio Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades respiratorias CIBERES, Spain; CEI Campus Moncloa, UCM-UPM, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- CEI Campus Moncloa, UCM-UPM, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Emilio Bouza
- Servicio Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades respiratorias CIBERES, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- CEI Campus Moncloa, UCM-UPM, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía de Juan
- CEI Campus Moncloa, UCM-UPM, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Darío García-de-Viedma
- Servicio Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades respiratorias CIBERES, Spain; CEI Campus Moncloa, UCM-UPM, Madrid, Spain.
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Prodinger WM, Indra A, Koksalan OK, Kilicaslan Z, Richter E. Mycobacterium caprae infection in humans. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 12:1501-13. [PMID: 25345680 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.974560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium caprae, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, causes tuberculosis (TB) in man and animals. Some features distinguish M. caprae from its epidemiological twin, Mycobacterium bovis: M. caprae is evolutionarily older, accounts for a smaller burden of zoonotic TB and is not globally distributed, but primarily restricted to European countries. M. caprae occurs only in a low proportion of human TB cases and this proportion may even decrease, if progress toward eradication of animal TB in Europe continues. So why bother, if M. caprae is not an enigma for diagnostic TB tests and if resistance against first-line drugs is a rarity with M. caprae? This 'European' pathogen of zoonotic TB asks interesting questions regarding the definition of a species. The latter, seemingly only an academic question, particularly requires and challenges the collaboration between human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang M Prodinger
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Schoepfstrasse 41, 6020 Austria
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