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Abdulhamid A, Shepherd BE, Wudil UJ, Van Wyk C, Dankishiya FS, Hussaini N, Wester CW, Aliyu MH. Sickle cell trait, APOL1 risk allele status and chronic kidney disease among ART-experienced adults living with HIV in northern Nigeria. Int J STD AIDS 2024:9564624241262397. [PMID: 38915133 DOI: 10.1177/09564624241262397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to determine the prevalence of sickle cell trait (SCT) and apolipoprotein-1 (APOL1) risk variants in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Nigeria, and to establish if SCT and APOL1 high-risk status correlate with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and/or prevalent chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS Baseline demographic and clinical data were obtained during three cross-sectional visits. CKD was defined as having an eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2. We collected urine specimens to determine urine albumin-creatine ratio and blood samples for sickle cell genotyping, APOL1 testing, and for creatinine/cystatin C assessment. The associations between SCT, APOL1 genotype, and eGFR/CKD stages/CKD were investigated using linear/ordinal logistic/logistic regression models, respectively. RESULTS Of 2443 participants, 599 (24.5%) had SCT, and 2291 (93.8%) had a low-risk APOL1 genotype (0 or 1 risk variant), while 152 (6.2%) had high-risk genotype (2 allele copies). In total, 108 participants (4.4%) were diagnosed with CKD. In adjusted analyses, SCT was associated with lower eGFR (adjusted mean difference [aMD]= -2.33, 95% CI -4.25, -0.42), but not with worse CKD stages, or increased odds of developing CKD. Participants with the APOL1 high risk genotype were more likely to have lower eGFR (aMD= -5.45, 95% CI -8.87, -2.03), to develop CKD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.75), and to be in worse CKD stages (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.29) than those with the low-risk genotype. There was no evidence of interaction between SCT and APOL1 genotype on eGFR or risk of CKD. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the multifaceted interplay of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of CKD in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Abdulhamid
- Department of Statistics, School of Technology, Kano State Polytechnic, Kano, Nigeria
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Bryan E Shepherd
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Usman J Wudil
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chelsea Van Wyk
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Nafiu Hussaini
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - C William Wester
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Muktar H Aliyu
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Mary S, Conti-Ramsden F, Boder P, Parveen H, Setjiadi D, Fleminger J, Brockbank A, Graham D, Bramham K, Chappell LC, Delles C. Pregnancy-associated changes in urinary uromodulin excretion in chronic hypertension. J Nephrol 2024; 37:597-610. [PMID: 38236469 PMCID: PMC11150301 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy involves major adaptations in renal haemodynamics, tubular, and endocrine functions. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Uromodulin is a nephron-derived protein that is associated with hypertension and kidney diseases. Here we study the role of urinary uromodulin excretion in hypertensive pregnancy. METHODS Urinary uromodulin was measured by ELISA in 146 pregnant women with treated chronic hypertension (n = 118) and controls (n = 28). We studied non-pregnant and pregnant Wistar Kyoto and Stroke Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (n = 8/strain), among which a group of pregnant Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive rats was treated with either nifedipine (n = 7) or propranolol (n = 8). RESULTS In pregnant women, diagnosis of chronic hypertension, increased maternal body mass index, Black maternal ethnicity and elevated systolic blood pressure at the first antenatal visit were significantly associated with a lower urinary uromodulin-to-creatinine ratio. In rodents, pre-pregnancy urinary uromodulin excretion was twofold lower in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive rats than in Wistar Kyoto rats. During pregnancy, the urinary uromodulin excretion rate gradually decreased in Wistar Kyoto rats (a twofold decrease), whereas a 1.5-fold increase was observed in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive rats compared to pre-pregnancy levels. Changes in uromodulin were attributed by kidney injury in pregnant rats. Neither antihypertensive changed urinary uromodulin excretion rate in pregnant Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive rats. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we demonstrate pregnancy-associated differences in urinary uromodulin: creatinine ratio and uromodulin excretion rate between chronic hypertensive and normotensive pregnancies. Further research is needed to fully understand uromodulin physiology in human pregnancy and establish uromodulin's potential as a biomarker for renal adaptation and renal function in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheon Mary
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Fran Conti-Ramsden
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philipp Boder
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Humaira Parveen
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Dellaneira Setjiadi
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Jessica Fleminger
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Brockbank
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Delyth Graham
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Kate Bramham
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Christian Delles
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
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Osafo C, Thomford NE, Coleman J, Carboo A, Guure C, Okyere P, Adu D, Adanu R, Parekh RS, Burke D. APOL1 genotype associated risk for preeclampsia in African populations: Rationale and protocol design for studies in women of African ancestry in resource limited settings. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278115. [PMID: 36580463 PMCID: PMC9799323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women of African ancestry are highly predisposed to preeclampsia which continues to be a major cause of maternal death in Africa. Common variants in the APOL1 gene are potent risk factor for a spectrum of kidney disease. Recent studies have shown that APOL1 risk variants contribute to the risk of preeclampsia. The aim of the study is to understand the contribution of APOL1 risk variants to the development of preeclampsia in pregnant women in Ghana. METHODS The study is a case-control design which started recruitment in 2019 at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana. The study will recruit pregnant women with a target recruitment of 700 cases of preeclampsia and 700 normotensives. Clinical and demographic data of mother- baby dyad, with biospecimens including cord blood and placenta will be collected to assess clinical, biochemical and genetic markers of preeclampsia. The study protocol was approved by Korle Bu Teaching Hospital Institutional Review Board (Reference number: KBTH-IRB/000108/2018) on October 11, 2018. PRELIMINARY RESULTS As of December 2021, a total of 773 mother-baby pairs had been recruited and majority of them had complete entry of data for analysis. The participants are made up of 384 preeclampsia cases and 389 normotensive mother-baby dyad. The mean age of participants is 30.69 ± 0.32 years for cases and 29.95 ± 0.32 for controls. Majority (85%) of the participants are between 20-30years. At booking, majority of cases had normal blood pressure compared to the time of diagnosis where 85% had a systolic BP greater than 140mmHg and a corresponding 82% had diastolic pressure greater than 90mmHg. CONCLUSION Our study will ultimately provide clinical, biochemical and genotypic data for risk stratification of preeclampsia and careful monitoring during pregnancy to improve clinical management and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Osafo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- The Bank Hospital, Cantonment, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nicholas Ekow Thomford
- Pharmacogenomics and Genomic Medicine Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jerry Coleman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Abraham Carboo
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Chris Guure
- School of Medical Sciences, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Dwomoa Adu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard Adanu
- Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rulan S. Parekh
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Burke
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Abdu A, Duarte R, Dickens C, Dix-Peek T, Bala SM, Ademola B, Naicker S. High risk APOL1 genotypes and kidney disease among treatment naïve HIV patients at Kano, Nigeria. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275949. [PMID: 36227935 PMCID: PMC9560498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Racial disparities are known in the occurrence of kidney disease with excess risks found among people of African descent. Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene variants G1 and G2 are associated with kidney disease among HIV infected individuals of African descent in the USA as well as among black population in South Africa. We set out to investigate the prevalence of these high-risk variants and their effects on kidney disease among HIV infected patients in Northern Nigeria with hitherto limited information despite earlier reports of high population frequencies of these alleles from the Southern part of the country. Methods DNA samples obtained from the whole blood of 142 participants were genotyped for APOL1 G1 and G2 variants after initial baseline investigations including assessment of kidney function. Participants comprised 50 HIV positive patients with no evidence of kidney disease, 52 HIV negative individuals with no kidney disease and 40 HIV positive patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) evidenced by persistent proteinuria and/or reduced eGFR, who also had a kidney biopsy. All the HIV positive patients were newly diagnosed and treatment naïve. Results The distribution of the APOL1 genotypes among the study participants revealed that 24.6% had a G1 risk allele and 19.0% a G2. The frequency of the High Risk Genotype (HRG) was 12.5% among those with CKD compared to 5.8% in the HIV negative group and zero in the HIV positive no CKD group. Having the HRG was associated with a higher odds for developing HIV Associated Nephropathy (HIVAN) (2 vs 0 risk alleles: OR 10.83, 95% CI 1.38–84.52; P = 0.023; 2 vs 0 or 1 risk alleles: OR 5.5, 95% CI 0.83–36.29; P = 0.07). The HRG was also associated with higher odds for Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (2 vs 0 risk alleles: OR 13.0, 95% CI 2.06–81.91; P = 0.006 and 2 vs 0 or 1 risk alleles: OR 9.0, 95%CI 1.62–50.12; P = 0.01) when compared to the control group. Conclusion This study showed a high population frequency of the individual risk alleles of the APOL1 gene with higher frequencies noted among HIV positive patients with kidney disease. There is high association with the presence of kidney disease and especially FSGS and HIVAN among treatment naive HIV patients carrying two copies of the HRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Abdu
- Department of Medicine Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital/ Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
- * E-mail:
| | - Raquel Duarte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Caroline Dickens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Therese Dix-Peek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sunusi M. Bala
- Department of Medicine, M.A. Wase Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Ademola
- Department of Medicine Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital/ Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Saraladevi Naicker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Ilori TO, Liu J, Rodan AR, Verma A, Mills KT, He J, Winkler CA, Dupuis J, Anderson CA, Waikar SS. Apolipoprotein L1 Genotypes and the Association of Urinary Potassium Excretion with CKD Progression. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 17:1477-1486. [PMID: 36400568 PMCID: PMC9528272 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.02680322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Progressive CKD in Black individuals is strongly associated with polymorphisms in the APOL1 gene, but it is unknown whether dietary risk factors for CKD progression vary in high- versus low-risk APOL1 genotypes. We investigated if APOL1 genotypes modify associations of dietary potassium and sodium with CKD progression and death. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We analyzed 1399 self-identified Black participants enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort from April 2003 to September 2008. Exposures were calibrated 24-hour urine potassium and sodium excretion. The primary outcome was CKD progression defined as the time to 50% decline in eGFR or kidney failure. The secondary outcome was CKD progression or death. We tested for an interaction between urinary potassium and sodium excretion and APOL1 genotypes. RESULTS Median 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretions in Black participants were 150 mmol (interquartile range, 118-188) and 43 mmol (interquartile range, 35-54), respectively. Individuals with high- and low-risk APOL1 genotypes numbered 276 (20%) and 1104 (79%), respectively. After a median follow-up of 5.23 years, CKD progression events equaled 605, and after 7.29 years, CKD progression and death events equaled 868. There was significant interaction between APOL1 genotypes and urinary potassium excretion with CKD progression and CKD progression or death (P=0.003 and P=0.03, respectively). In those with high-risk APOL1 genotypes, higher urinary potassium excretion was associated with a lower risk of CKD progression (quartiles 2-4 versus 1: hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.50 to 1.39; hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.31 to 0.93; and hazard ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.27 to 0.93, respectively). In the low-risk APOL1 genotypes, higher urinary potassium excretion was associated with a higher risk of CKD progression (quartiles 2-4 versus 1: hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.75 to 1.36; hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.91 to 1.66; and hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 2.09, respectively). We found no interaction between APOL1 genotypes and urinary sodium excretion with CKD outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Higher urinary potassium excretion was associated with lower versus higher risk of CKD progression in APOL1 high-risk and low-risk genotypes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilayo O. Ilori
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jing Liu
- Renal Division, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aylin R. Rodan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ashish Verma
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine T. Mills
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Cheryl A. Winkler
- Basic Research Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research and the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cheryl A.M. Anderson
- Department of Public Health, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sushrut S. Waikar
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Genetics in chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference. Kidney Int 2022; 101:1126-1141. [PMID: 35460632 PMCID: PMC9922534 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Numerous genes for monogenic kidney diseases with classical patterns of inheritance, as well as genes for complex kidney diseases that manifest in combination with environmental factors, have been discovered. Genetic findings are increasingly used to inform clinical management of nephropathies, and have led to improved diagnostics, disease surveillance, choice of therapy, and family counseling. All of these steps rely on accurate interpretation of genetic data, which can be outpaced by current rates of data collection. In March of 2021, Kidney Diseases: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) held a Controversies Conference on "Genetics in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)" to review the current state of understanding of monogenic and complex (polygenic) kidney diseases, processes for applying genetic findings in clinical medicine, and use of genomics for defining and stratifying CKD. Given the important contribution of genetic variants to CKD, practitioners with CKD patients are advised to "think genetic," which specifically involves obtaining a family history, collecting detailed information on age of CKD onset, performing clinical examination for extrarenal symptoms, and considering genetic testing. To improve the use of genetics in nephrology, meeting participants advised developing an advanced training or subspecialty track for nephrologists, crafting guidelines for testing and treatment, and educating patients, students, and practitioners. Key areas of future research, including clinical interpretation of genome variation, electronic phenotyping, global representation, kidney-specific molecular data, polygenic scores, translational epidemiology, and open data resources, were also identified.
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Dugbartey GJ, Alornyo KK, Ohene BO, Boima V, Antwi S, Sener A. Renal consequences of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and hydrogen sulfide as a potential therapy. Nitric Oxide 2022; 120:16-25. [PMID: 35032641 PMCID: PMC8755416 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global pandemic which is primarily considered a respiratory illness. However, emerging reports show that the virus exhibits both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations in humans, with the kidney as a major extra-pulmonary target due to its abundant expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine 2, which facilitate entry of the virus into cells. Acute kidney injury has become prevalent in COVID-19 patients without prior any history of kidney dysfunction. In addition, the virus also worsens kidney conditions and increases mortality of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease, renal cancer, diabetic nephropathy, end-stage kidney disease as well as dialysis and kidney transplant patients. In the search for antiviral agents for the treatment of COVID-19, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third established member of gasotransmitter family, is emerging as a potential candidate, possessing important therapeutic properties including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and antioxidant properties. A recent clinical study revealed higher serum H2S levels in survivors of COVID-19 pneumonia with reduced interleukin-6 levels compared to fatal cases. In this review, we summarize the global impact of COVID-19 on kidney conditions and discuss the emerging role of H2S as a potential COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Karl K Alornyo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Bright O Ohene
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Vincent Boima
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sampson Antwi
- Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology and Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alp Sener
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Multi-organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Center, Ontario, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Wudil UJ, Aliyu MH, Prigmore HL, Ingles DJ, Ahonkhai AA, Musa BM, Muhammad H, Sani MU, Nalado AM, Abdu A, Abdussalam K, Shepherd BE, Dankishiya FS, Burgner AM, Ikizler TA, Wyatt CM, Kopp JB, Kimmel PL, Winkler CA, Wester CW. Apolipoprotein-1 risk variants and associated kidney phenotypes in an adult HIV cohort in Nigeria. Kidney Int 2021; 100:146-154. [PMID: 33901548 PMCID: PMC8487768 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
HIV-positive adults are at risk for various kidney diseases, and apolipoprotein 1 (APOL1) high-risk genotypes increase this risk. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and ethnic distribution of APOL1 risk genotypes among a cohort of HIV-positive Nigerian adults and explore the relationship between APOL1 risk variant status with albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We conducted a cross-sectional study among 2 458 persons living with HIV who attended an HIV clinic in northern Nigeria and had received antiretroviral therapy for a minimum of six months. We collected two urine samples four-eight weeks apart to measure albumin excretion, and blood samples to measure eGFR and determine APOL1 genotype. The frequency of APOL1 high-risk genotype was 6.2%, which varied by ethnic group: Hausa/Fulani (2.1%), Igbo (49.1%), and Yoruba (14.5%). The prevalence of microalbuminuria (urine/albumin creatinine ratio 30- 300 mg/g) was 37%, and prevalence of macroalbuminuria (urine/albumin creatinine ratio over 300 mg/g) was 3%. The odds of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were higher for participants with the APOL1 high-risk genotype compared to those carrying the low-risk genotype ([adjusted odds ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval 1.37-2.82] and [3.96, 1.95-8.02] respectively). APOL1 high-risk genotype participants were at higher risk of having both an eGFR under 60 ml/min/1.73m2 and urine/albumin creatinine ratio over 300 mg/g (5.56, 1.57-19.69). Thus, we found a high proportion of HIV-positive, antiretroviral therapy-experienced, and largely virologically suppressed adults had microalbuminuria. Hence, although the high-risk APOL1 genotype was less prevalent than expected, it was strongly associated with some level of albuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman J Wudil
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Muktar H Aliyu
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Heather L Prigmore
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Donna J Ingles
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aima A Ahonkhai
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Baba M Musa
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria; Africa Center of Excellence for Population Health and Policy, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Hamza Muhammad
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Mahmoud U Sani
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Aisha M Nalado
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Abdu
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Kabiru Abdussalam
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Bryan E Shepherd
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Anna M Burgner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - T Alp Ikizler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christina M Wyatt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul L Kimmel
- Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - C William Wester
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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9
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Freedman BI, Burke W, Divers J, Eberhard L, Gadegbeku CA, Gbadegesin R, Hall ME, Jones-Smith T, Knight R, Kopp JB, Kovesdy CP, Norris KC, Olabisi OA, Roberts GV, Sedor JR, Blacksher E. Diagnosis, Education, and Care of Patients with APOL1-Associated Nephropathy: A Delphi Consensus and Systematic Review. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1765-1778. [PMID: 33853887 PMCID: PMC8425659 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND APOL1 variants contribute to the markedly higher incidence of ESKD in Blacks compared with Whites. Genetic testing for these variants in patients with African ancestry who have nephropathy is uncommon, and no specific treatment or management protocol for APOL1-associated nephropathy currently exists. METHODS A multidisciplinary, racially diverse group of 14 experts and patient advocates participated in a Delphi consensus process to establish practical guidance for clinicians caring for patients who may have APOL1-associated nephropathy. Consensus group members took part in three anonymous voting rounds to develop consensus statements relating to the following: (1) counseling, genotyping, and diagnosis; (2) disease awareness and education; and (3) a vision for management of APOL1-associated nephropathy in a future when treatment is available. A systematic literature search of the MEDLINE and Embase databases was conducted to identify relevant evidence published from January 1, 2009 to July 14, 2020. RESULTS The consensus group agreed on 55 consensus statements covering such topics as demographic and clinical factors that suggest a patient has APOL1-associated nephropathy, as well as key considerations for counseling, testing, and diagnosis in current clinical practice. They achieved consensus on the need to increase awareness among key stakeholders of racial health disparities in kidney disease and of APOL1-associated nephropathy and on features of a successful education program to raise awareness among the patient community. The group also highlighted the unmet need for a specific treatment and agreed on best practice for management of these patients should a treatment become available. CONCLUSIONS A multidisciplinary group of experts and patient advocates defined consensus-based guidance on the care of patients who may have APOL1-associated nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry I. Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Wylie Burke
- Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jasmin Divers
- Division of Health Services Research, Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine and Winthrop Research Institute, Mineola, New York
| | | | - Crystal A. Gadegbeku
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rasheed Gbadegesin
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael E. Hall
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | | | | | - Jeffrey B. Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Csaba P. Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Keith C. Norris
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Opeyemi A. Olabisi
- Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Glenda V. Roberts
- Kidney Research Institute/Center for Dialysis Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - John R. Sedor
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urology and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Erika Blacksher
- Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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10
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Jagannathan R, Rajagopalan K, Hogan J, Hart A, Newell KA, Pastan SO, Patzer RE. Association Between APOL1 Genotype and Kidney Diseases and Annual Kidney Function Change: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prospective Studies. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2021; 14:97-104. [PMID: 33854359 PMCID: PMC8039047 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s294191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Two coding risk variants in the Apo L1 gene (APOL1) underlie most of the excess risk for kidney diseases in recent African ancestry patients. Strength and consistency of the relationship between APOL1 high-risk genotypes and the risk of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are not uniform. Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies assessing the association of APOL1 genotypes and the risk of developing CKD, ESRD, and CKD to ESRD in adults. Methods Systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar was performed for prospective studies assessing the associations between APOL1 genotypes and CKD, ESRD, and progression from CKD to ESRD. Secondary analyses were to evaluate the annual kidney function change by APOL1 gene status. Random effects models were used to estimate pooled risk ratios (RRs) and weighted mean differences for outcomes of interest. Results The search yield 10 prospective during a follow-up period ranging from 4.4 to 25 years. The high-risk APOL1 genotype was associated with the incidence of CKD (RR:1.41[95% CI: 1.14–1.75]), the progression from CKD to ESRD (RR: 1.70[95% CI:1.44; 2.01]) compared with the low-risk APOL1 genotype. There was no appreciable association between high-risk APOL1 genotype with the incidence of ESRD. Furthermore, high-risk APOL1 genotype was associated with a marginal decrement in the annual eGFR decline (−0.55[95% CI: −0.94 to −0.16]) mL/min/1.73m2 compared with low-risk APOL1 genotype status. Conclusion In summary, African Americans carrying APOL1 high-risk genotypes are at increased risk of developing CKD and ESRD. Given that the APOL1 risk alleles are common among individuals with African ancestry, with ~18% of African Americans carrying high-risk alleles, these findings highlight the potential identification of subgroups of patients who may benefit from APOL1 screening and developing culturally-appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Jagannathan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kanya Rajagopalan
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julien Hogan
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Robert Debre University Hospital, Paris, 75019, France.,Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Allyson Hart
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kenneth A Newell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen O Pastan
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rachel E Patzer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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11
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Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of disability, dementia and death worldwide. Approximately 70% of deaths from stroke and 87% of stroke-related disability occur in low-income and middle-income countries. At the turn of the century, the most common diseases in Africa were communicable diseases, whereas non-communicable diseases, including stroke, were considered rare, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. However, evidence indicates that, today, Africa could have up to 2-3-fold greater rates of stroke incidence and higher stroke prevalence than western Europe and the USA. In Africa, data published within the past decade show that stroke has an annual incidence rate of up to 316 per 100,000, a prevalence of up to 1,460 per 100,000 and a 3-year fatality rate greater than 80%. Moreover, many Africans have a stroke within the fourth to sixth decades of life, with serious implications for the individual, their family and society. This age profile is particularly important as strokes in younger people tend to result in a greater loss of self-worth and socioeconomic productivity than in older individuals. Emerging insights from research into stroke epidemiology, genetics, prevention, care and outcomes offer great prospects for tackling the growing burden of stroke on the continent. In this article, we review the unique profile of stroke in Africa and summarize current knowledge on stroke epidemiology, genetics, prevention, acute care, rehabilitation, outcomes, cost of care and awareness. We also discuss knowledge gaps, emerging priorities and future directions of stroke medicine for the more than 1 billion people who live in Africa.
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12
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Owiredu WKBA, Appiah M, Obirikorang C, Adu EA, Boima V, Amos-Abanyie EK, Akyaw PA, Owiredu EW, Acheampong E. Association of MYH9-rs3752462 polymorphisms with chronic kidney disease among clinically diagnosed hypertensive patients: a case-control study in a Ghanaian population. Clin Hypertens 2020; 26:15. [PMID: 32765897 PMCID: PMC7395421 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-020-00148-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant comorbidity among hypertensive patients. Polymorphisms in the non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 gene (MYH9) have been demonstrated to be significantly associated with CKD, among African- and European-derived populations. We investigated the spectrum of MYH9-associated CKD among Ghanaian hypertensive patients. Methods The study constituted a total of 264 hypertensive patients. Hypertensive patients with glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 (CKD-EPI formula) or clinically diagnosed were defined as case subjects (n = 132) while those with eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73m2 were classified as control subjects (n = 132). Demographic data were obtained with a questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were taken. Five (5) millilitres (ml) of venous blood was drawn from study subjects into gel and EDTA vacutainer tubes. Two (2) mL of EDTA anticoagulated blood was used for genomic DNA extraction while three (3) mL of blood was processed to obtain serum for biochemical measurements. Genotyping of MYH9 polymorphisms (rs3752462) was done employing Tetra primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System (T-ARMS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Spot urine samples were also collected for urinalysis. Hardy-Weinberg population was assessed. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms and CKD. Results The cases and control participants differed in terms of age, sex, family history, and duration of CKD (p-value < 0.001). The minor allele frequencies of rs3752462 SNP were 0.820 and 0.567 respectively among the control and case subjects. Patients with the heterozygote genotype of rs3752462 (CT) were more likely to develop CKD [aOR = 7.82 (3.81–16.04)] whereas those with homozygote recessive variant (TT) were protective [aOR = 0.12 (0.06–0.25)]. Single nucleotide polymorphism of rs3752462 (CT genotype) was associated with increased proteinuria, albuminuria, and reduced eGFR. Conclusions We have demonstrated that MYH9 polymorphisms exist among Ghanaian hypertensive patients and rs3752462 polymorphism of MYH9 is associated with CKD. This baseline indicates that further longitudinal and multi-institutional studies in larger cohorts in Ghana are warranted to evaluate MYH9 SNP as an independent predictor of CKD among hypertensive patients in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K B A Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Michael Appiah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Christian Obirikorang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Evans Asamoah Adu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Vincent Boima
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ernestine Kubi Amos-Abanyie
- H3Africa Kidney Disease Research Project, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Priscilla Abena Akyaw
- H3Africa Kidney Disease Research Project, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Eddie-Williams Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Acheampong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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13
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Ekrikpo UE, Mnika K, Effa EE, Ajayi SO, Okwuonu C, Waziri B, Bello A, Dandara C, Kengne AP, Wonkam A, Okpechi I. Association of Genetic Polymorphisms of TGF-β1, HMOX1, and APOL1 With CKD in Nigerian Patients With and Without HIV. Am J Kidney Dis 2020; 76:100-108. [PMID: 32354559 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Recent studies in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected population have suggested that there are genetic predispositions to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in this context. We investigated the association of genetic polymorphisms of the genes encoding apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1; a profibrotic cytokine), and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) with prevalent CKD among adults with and without HIV infection. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS West African adults including 217 HIV-infected patients with CKD (HIV+/CKD+ group), 595 HIV-infected patients without CKD (HIV+/CKD- group), 269 with CKD and no HIV infection (HIV-/CKD+ group), and 114 with neither CKD nor HIV (HIV-/CKD- group). EXPOSURE The genetic polymorphisms with reference single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs) identification numbers rs1800469 (TGF-β1), rs1800470 (TGF-β1), rs121918282 (TGF-β1); rs60910145 (APOL1 G1 risk allele), rs73885319 (APOL1 G1 risk allele), rs71785313 (APOL1 G2 risk allele), and rs743811 (HMOX1); HIV. OUTCOME CKD. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping of rs1800469 (TGF-β1), rs1800470 (TGF-β1), rs121918282 (TGF-β1); rs60910145 (APOL1), rs73885319 (APOL1), rs71785313 (APOL1), and rs743811 (HMOX1) was performed. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evaluated for all SNPs, and minor allele frequencies were reported. A case-control analysis was performed, and multivariable logistic regression was used to control for potential confounders. RESULTS Minor allele frequencies for TGF-β1 (rs1800469, rs1800470, and rs1800471), APOL1 (rs60910145, rs73885319, and rs71785313), and HMOX1 (rs743811) were 0.25, 0.46, 0.46, 0.44, 0.45, 0.17, and 0.14, respectively. Among HIV-positive individuals, only TGF-β1 rs1800470 (GG vs AA), APOL1 (in the recessive model), and hypertension were associated with prevalent CKD (adjusted ORs of 0.44 [95% CI, 0.20-0.97], 2.54 [95% CI, 1.44-4.51], and 2.17 [95% CI, 1.35-3.48], respectively). No SNP polymorphisms were associated with prevalent CKD among HIV-negative individuals. LIMITATIONS The lack of histopathology data for proper categorization of the type of HIV-related nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS APOL1 polymorphisms were highly prevalent in this population and among adult patients infected with HIV and were associated with increased CKD risk. The TGF-β1 (rs1800470) polymorphism was associated with reduced risk, and HMOX1 polymorphisms were unassociated with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udeme E Ekrikpo
- Department of Medicine, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Kidney & Hypertension Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Khuthala Mnika
- Division of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel E Effa
- Department of Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Samuel O Ajayi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Chimezie Okwuonu
- Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria
| | - Bala Waziri
- Department of Medicine, IBB Specialist Hospital, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Aminu Bello
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Collet Dandara
- Division of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre P Kengne
- Non-communicable Disease Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ambroise Wonkam
- Division of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Ikechi Okpechi
- Kidney & Hypertension Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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14
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Aliyu MH, Wudil UJ, Ingles DJ, Shepherd BE, Gong W, Musa BM, Muhammad H, Sani MU, Abdu A, Nalado AM, Atanda A, Ahonkhai AA, Ikizler TA, Winkler CA, Kopp JB, Kimmel PL, Wester CW. Optimal management of HIV- positive adults at risk for kidney disease in Nigeria (Renal Risk Reduction "R3" Trial): protocol and study design. Trials 2019; 20:341. [PMID: 31182139 PMCID: PMC6558910 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with two copies of the apolipoprotein-1 (APOL1) gene risk variants are at high risk (HR) for non-diabetic kidney disease. The presence of these risk variants is highest in West Africa, specifically in Nigeria. However, there is limited availability of dialysis and kidney transplantation in Nigeria, and most individuals will die soon after developing end-stage renal disease. Blocking the renin angiotensin aldosterone system with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) is a well-recognized strategy to slow renal disease progression in patients with diabetes mellitus with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in patients with HIV-associated nephropathy. We propose to determine whether presence of the APOL1 HR genotype alters or predicts responsiveness to conventional therapy to treat or prevent CKD and if addition of an ACEi to standard combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces the risk of kidney complications among non-diabetic Nigerian adults. Methods/design We will screen 2600 HIV-positive adults who have received ART to (1) determine the prevalence of APOL1 risk variants and assess whether APOL1 HR status correlates with prevalent albuminuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and/or prevalent CKD; (2) assess, via a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (RCT) in a subset of these participants with microalbuminura (n = 280) whether addition of the ACEi, lisinopril, compared to standard of care, significantly reduces the incidence or progression of albuminuria; and (3) determine whether the APOL1 HR genotype is associated with worse kidney outcomes (i.e. eGFR slope or regression of albuminuria) among participants in the RCT. Conclusions This study will examine the increasing prevalence of kidney diseases in HIV-positive adults in a West African population, and the relationship between these diseases and the APOL1 high-risk genotype. By evaluating the addition of an ACEi to the care of individuals with HIV infection who have albuminuria, our trial will provide definitive evidence to guide strategies for management and clinical care in this population, with the goal of reducing HIV-related kidney complications. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03201939. Registered on 26 August 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3436-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muktar H Aliyu
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health (VIGH), Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Usman J Wudil
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health (VIGH), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Donna J Ingles
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health (VIGH), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bryan E Shepherd
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wu Gong
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Baba M Musa
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Hamza Muhammad
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Mahmoud U Sani
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Abdu
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Aisha M Nalado
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Akinfenwa Atanda
- Department of Pathology, Bayero University, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Aima A Ahonkhai
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health (VIGH), Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Talat A Ikizler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetic Epidemiology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Division of Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul L Kimmel
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Division of Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C William Wester
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health (VIGH), Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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15
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RNA sequencing of isolated cell populations expressing human APOL1 G2 risk variant reveals molecular correlates of sickle cell nephropathy in zebrafish podocytes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217042. [PMID: 31158233 PMCID: PMC6546218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney failure occurs in 5–13% of individuals with sickle cell disease and is associated with early mortality. Two APOL1 alleles (G1 and G2) have been identified as risk factors for sickle cell disease nephropathy. Both risk alleles are prevalent in individuals with recent African ancestry and have been associated with nephropathic complications in other diseases. Despite the association of G1 and G2 with kidney dysfunction, the mechanisms by which these variants contribute to increased risk remain poorly understood. Previous work in zebrafish models suggest that the G2 risk allele functions as a dominant negative, whereas the G1 allele is a functional null. To understand better the cellular pathology attributed to APOL1 G2, we investigated the in vivo effects of the G2 risk variant on distinct cell types using RNA sequencing. We surveyed APOL1 G2 associated transcriptomic alterations in podocytes and vascular endothelial cells isolated from zebrafish larvae expressing cell-type specific reporters. Our analysis identified many transcripts (n = 7,523) showing differential expression between APOL1 G0 (human wild-type) and APOL1 G2 exposed podocytes. Conversely, relatively few transcripts (n = 107) were differentially expressed when comparing APOL1 G0 and APOL1 G2 exposed endothelial cells. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed transcripts in podocytes showed enrichment for autophagy associated terms such as “Lysosome” and “Phagosome”, implicating these pathways in APOL1 G2 associated kidney dysfunction. This work provides insight into the molecular pathology of APOL1 G2 nephropathy which may offer new therapeutic strategies for multiple disease contexts such as sickle cell nephropathy.
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16
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Guan M, Keaton JM, Dimitrov L, Hicks PJ, Xu J, Palmer ND, Ma L, Das SK, Chen YDI, Coresh J, Fornage M, Franceschini N, Kramer H, Langefeld CD, Mychaleckyj JC, Parekh RS, Post WS, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Sedor JR, Thornley-Brown D, Tin A, Wilson JG, Freedman BI, Bowden DW, Ng MCY. Genome-wide association study identifies novel loci for type 2 diabetes-attributed end-stage kidney disease in African Americans. Hum Genomics 2019; 13:21. [PMID: 31092297 PMCID: PMC6521376 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-019-0205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is a significant public health concern disproportionately affecting African Americans (AAs). Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the leading cause of ESKD in the USA, and efforts to uncover genetic susceptibility to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) have had limited success. A prior genome-wide association study (GWAS) in AAs with T2D-ESKD was expanded with additional AA cases and controls and genotypes imputed to the higher density 1000 Genomes reference panel. The discovery analysis included 3432 T2D-ESKD cases and 6977 non-diabetic non-nephropathy controls (N = 10,409), followed by a discrimination analysis in 2756 T2D non-nephropathy controls to exclude T2D-associated variants. RESULTS Six independent variants located in or near RND3/RBM43, SLITRK3, ENPP7, GNG7, and APOL1 achieved genome-wide significant association (P < 5 × 10-8) with T2D-ESKD. Following extension analyses in 1910 non-diabetic ESKD cases and 908 non-diabetic non-nephropathy controls, a meta-analysis of 5342 AA all-cause ESKD cases and 6977 AA non-diabetic non-nephropathy controls revealed an additional novel all-cause ESKD locus at EFNB2 (rs77113398; P = 9.84 × 10-9; OR = 1.94). Exclusion of APOL1 renal-risk genotype carriers identified two additional genome-wide significant T2D-ESKD-associated loci at GRAMD3 and MGAT4C. A second variant at GNG7 (rs373971520; P = 2.17 × 10-8, OR = 1.46) remained associated with all-cause ESKD in the APOL1-negative analysis. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide further evidence for genetic factors associated with advanced kidney disease in AAs with T2D.
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Grants
- HHSN268201300026C NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95160 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 DK057300 NIDDK NIH HHS
- N01HC95169 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 DK117445 NIDDK NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700001I NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95159 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95167 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSC268200782096C, DK081350, DK066358, DK053591, DK087914, DK105556, HL56266, DK070941 NIH HHS
- UL1 TR001881 NCATS NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700003I NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 DK070657 NIDDK NIH HHS
- HHSN268201500003C NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 DK057304 NIDDK NIH HHS
- R01 DK070941 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UL1 TR002548 NCATS NIH HHS
- U01 DK057298 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UL1 RR025005 NCRR NIH HHS
- N01HC95163 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201300025C, HHSN268201300026C, HHSN268201300027C, HHSN268201300028C, HHSN268201300029C, HHSN268200900041C, AG0005, N01-HC-65226 NIH HHS
- UL1 TR001079 NCATS NIH HHS
- U01 DK057295 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK105556 NIDDK NIH HHS
- R01 HL086694 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 DK057303 NIDDK NIH HHS
- P30 DK079626 NIDDK NIH HHS
- HHSN268201300048C NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 HG004402 NHGRI NIH HHS
- N01HC95164 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201300025C NHLBI NIH HHS
- N02HL64278 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95162 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95168 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 DK087914 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK057249 NIDDK NIH HHS
- P30 DK063491 NIDDK NIH HHS
- HHSN268201300027C NHLBI NIH HHS
- K99 DK081350 NIDDK NIH HHS
- HHSN268201300049C NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 DK066358 NIDDK NIH HHS
- HHSN268200900041C NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201300028C NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01DK57292, U01DK57329, U01DK057300, U01DK057298, U01DK057249, U01DK57295, U01DK070657, U01DK057303, U01DK070657, U01DK57304, DK07024 NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700004I NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95165 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95161 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201300047C NHLBI NIH HHS
- UL1 TR001420 NCATS NIH HHS
- HHSN268201300050C NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC65226 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 DK057329 NIDDK NIH HHS
- M01 RR007122 NCRR NIH HHS
- R01 DK053591 NIDDK NIH HHS
- R01 MD012765 NIMHD NIH HHS
- UL1 TR000040 NCATS NIH HHS
- HHSN268201300046C NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201500003I, N01-HC-95159, N01-HC-95160, N01-HC-95161, N01-HC-95162, N01-HC-95163, N01-HC-95164, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95166, N01-HC-95167, N01-HC-95168, N01-HC-95169, UL1-TR-000040, UL1-TR-001079, UL1-TR-001420, UL1-TR-001881, DK063491, N02-HL-64278, UL1TR001881, DK063491 NIH HHS
- HHSN268201300049C, HHSN268201300050C, HHSN268201300048C, HHSN268201300046C, HHSN268201300047C NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700002I NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700005I NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 DK057292 NIDDK NIH HHS
- N01HC95166 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700001I, HHSN268201700002I, HHSN268201700003I, HHSN268201700004I, HHSN268201700005I, R01HL087641, R01HL086694, U01HG004402, HHSN268200625226C, UL1RR025005 NIH HHS
- HHSN268201300029C NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL087641 NHLBI NIH HHS
- National Institutes of Health
- Wake Forest School of Medicine
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijian Guan
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jacob M Keaton
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Latchezar Dimitrov
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Pamela J Hicks
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jianzhao Xu
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Swapan K Das
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Endocrinology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Holly Kramer
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hines Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Josyf C Mychaleckyj
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rulan S Parekh
- Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy S Post
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Division of Genomic Outcomes, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - John R Sedor
- Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Glickman Urology and Kidney Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Adrienne Tin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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17
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Boronat M, Tugores A, Saavedra P, Garay P, Bosch E, Lorenzo D, García-Cantón C. Association between polymorphism rs2032487 in the non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA gene (MHY9) and chronic kidney disease secondary to type 2 diabetes mellitus in a population of the Canary Islands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 66:639-646. [PMID: 30954444 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Certain polymorphisms in the non-muscle myosin IIA (MYH9) and apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) genes have been associated to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in different populations. This study examined the association between the MHY9 rs2032487 and APOL1 rs73885319 polymorphisms and advanced CKD related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a population of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain). PATIENTS AND METHODS Polymorphisms were genotyped in 152 patients with advanced CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]<30mL/min/1.73 m2) secondary to T2DM, 110 patients with T2DM onset ≥ 20 years before without advanced CKD (eGFR ≥ 45mL/min/1.73 m2 and no proteinuria), and 292 healthy blood donors over 50 years of age without CKD or diabetes. RESULTS The frequency of the risk allele for rs2032487 was 10.7% in patients with diabetes and advanced CKD, 7.1% in those with diabetes but without advanced CKD, and 6.1% in healthy subjects, with significant differences between the first and third groups (P=.015). Among subjects with advanced CKD, 78.5% were homozygous for the protective allele, as compared to 87.9% in the other two groups (P=.015 and P=.016 respectively). The frequency of the risk allele for the rs73885319 polymorphism did not exceed 0.5% in any of the three groups. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that polymorphism rs2032487 is associated to advanced CKD related to T2DM in the population of Gran Canaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Boronat
- Sección de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España.
| | - Antonio Tugores
- Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
| | - Pedro Saavedra
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
| | - Paloma Garay
- Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
| | - Elvira Bosch
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
| | - Dionisio Lorenzo
- Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Santa María de Guía, Las Palmas, España
| | - César García-Cantón
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
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18
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Alladagbin DJ, Fernandes PN, Tavares MB, Brito JT, Oliveira GGS, Silva LK, Khouri NA, Oliveira MB, Amorim T, Matos CM, Ribeiro GS, Lopes AA, Gonçalves MS, dos-Santos WLC. The sickle cell trait and end stage renal disease in Salvador, Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209036. [PMID: 30557319 PMCID: PMC6296547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carriers of the sickle cell trait (HbAS) usually remain asymptomatic. However, under conditions of low tissue oxygenation, red blood cell sickling and vascular obstruction may develop. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can arise from conditions promoting low-oxygen in kidney tissue, which may be aggravated by the presence of the sickle cell trait. In addition, CKD can arise from other genetic traits. Aim To compare the frequency of HbAS among hemodialysis patients and the general newborn population of Salvador (Bahia-Brazil), as well as to investigate the frequencies of apolipoprotein L1 risk variants in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods A cross-sectional study included 306 patients with ESRD (End Stage Renal Disease) on hemodialysis for no more than three years. Hemoglobin profiles were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography. To estimate the sickle cell trait frequency in the general population of Salvador, we analyzed data collected by a local neonatal screening program between 2011 and 2016. To exclude the potential contributing effect of the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene variants, we performed genotyping by PCR and DNA sequencing of 45 patients. Results The frequency of HbAS was significantly higher in hemodialysis patients (9.8%) than in the general population (4.6%): Odds Ratio = 2.32 (95% CI = 1.59–3.38). No differences in demographic, clinical or laboratory data were found among patients with or without the sickle cell trait. The frequency of patients with none, one or two APOL1 risk haplotypes (G1 and G2) for CKD were 80%, 18% and 2%, respectively. Conclusions The frequency of the sickle cell trait is higher in patients with ESRD on hemodialysis compared to the general population. APOL1 haplotypes do not seem to be the determinant of ESRD in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tatiana Amorim
- Serviço de Referência em Triagem Neonatal—SRTN, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme S. Ribeiro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ-Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Universidade da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Marilda S. Gonçalves
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ-Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Universidade da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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19
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Sarfo FS, Mobula LM, Sarfo-Kantanka O, Adamu S, Plange-Rhule J, Ansong D, Gyamfi RA, Duah J, Abraham B, Ofori-Adjei D. Estimated glomerular filtration rate predicts incident stroke among Ghanaians with diabetes and hypertension. J Neurol Sci 2018; 396:140-147. [PMID: 30471633 PMCID: PMC6330840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Sub-Saharan Africa is currently experiencing a high burden of both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and stroke as a result of a rapid rise in shared common vascular risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. However, no previous study has prospectively explored independent associations between CKD and incident stroke occurrence among indigenous Africans. This study sought to fill this knowledge gap. Methods A prospective cohort study involving Ghanaians adults with hypertension or type II diabetes mellitus from 5 public hospitals. Patients were followed every 2 months in clinic for 18 months and assessed clinically for first ever stroke by physicians. Serum creatinine derived estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) were determined at baseline for 2631 (81.7%) out of 3296 participants. We assessed associations between eGFR and incident stroke using a multivariate Cox Proportional Hazards regression model. Results Stroke incidence rates (95% CI) increased with decreasing eGFR categories of 89, 60–88, 30–59 and <29 ml/min corresponding to incidence rates of 7.58 (3.58–13.51), 14.45 (9.07–21.92), 29.43 (15.95–50.04) and 66.23 (16.85–180.20)/1000 person-years respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios (95%CI) for stroke occurrence according to eGFR were 1.42 (0.63–3.21) for eGFR of 60-89 ml/min, 1.88 (1.17–3.02) for 30-59 ml/min and 1.52 (0.93–2.43) for <30 ml/min compared with eGFR of >89 ml/min. Adjusted HR for stroke occurrence among patients with hypertension with eGFR<60 ml/min was 3.69 (1.49–9.13), p = .0047 and among those with diabetes was 1.50 (0.56–3.98), p = .42. Conclusion CKD is dose-dependently associated with occurrence of incident strokes among Ghanaians with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Further studies are warranted to explore interventions that could attenuate the risk of stroke attributable to renal disease among patients with hypertension in SSA. We assessed association between incident stroke and estimated glomerular filtration rate. 2631 participants stroke-free Ghanaian adults with hypertension or diabetes were followed for 14 months. There were 45 incident strokes. Incident stroke risk independently increased with declining eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Stephen Sarfo
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Linda Meta Mobula
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Osei Sarfo-Kantanka
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Sheila Adamu
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Daniel Ansong
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - David Ofori-Adjei
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, University of Ghana, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Accra, Ghana
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20
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George C, Yako YY, Okpechi IG, Matsha TE, Kaze Folefack FJ, Kengne AP. An African perspective on the genetic risk of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:187. [PMID: 30340464 PMCID: PMC6194564 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0702-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals of African ethnicity are disproportionately burdened with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, despite the genetic link, genetic association studies of CKD in African populations are lacking. METHODS We conducted a systematic review to critically evaluate the existing studies on CKD genetic risk inferred by polymorphism(s) amongst African populations in Africa. The study followed the HuGE handbook and PRISMA protocol. We included studies reporting on the association of polymorphism(s) with prevalent CKD, end-stage renaldisease (ESRD) or CKD-associated traits. Given the very few studies investigating the effects of the same single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on CKD risk, a narrative synthesis of the evidence was conducted. RESULTS A total of 30 polymorphisms in 11 genes were investigated for their association with CKD, ESRD or related traits, all using the candidate-gene approach. Of all the included genes, MYH9, AT1R and MTHFR genes failed to predict CKD or related traits, while variants in the APOL1, apoE, eNOS, XPD, XRCC1, renalase, ADIPOQ, and CCR2 genes were associated with CKD or other related traits. Two SNPs (rs73885319, rs60910145) and haplotypes (G-A-G; G1; G2) of the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene were studied in more than one population group, with similar association with prevalent CKD observed. The remaining polymorphisms were investigated in single studies. CONCLUSION According to this systematic review, there is currently insufficient evidence of the specific polymorphisms that poses African populations at an increased risk of CKD. Large-scale genetic studies are warranted to better understand susceptibility polymorphisms, specific to African populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy George
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Parow Valley, PO Box 19070, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Yandiswa Y Yako
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Ikechi G Okpechi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Kidney and Hypertension Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tandi E Matsha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Francois J Kaze Folefack
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Medicine Unit, Yaounde University Teaching Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Andre P Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Parow Valley, PO Box 19070, Cape Town, South Africa
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21
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Adeyemo AA, Amodu OK, Ekure EE, Omotade OO. Medical genetics and genomic medicine in Nigeria. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:314-321. [PMID: 29871027 PMCID: PMC6014475 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical genetics and genomic medicine in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebowale A. Adeyemo
- National Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland
| | - Olukemi K. Amodu
- Institute of Child HealthCollege of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria
| | - Ekanem E. Ekure
- Department of PaediatricsCollege of MedicineUniversity of LagosLagosNigeria
| | - Olayemi O. Omotade
- Institute of Child HealthCollege of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria
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22
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Ekrikpo UE, Kengne AP, Bello AK, Effa EE, Noubiap JJ, Salako BL, Rayner BL, Remuzzi G, Okpechi IG. Chronic kidney disease in the global adult HIV-infected population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195443. [PMID: 29659605 PMCID: PMC5901989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The widespread use of antiretroviral therapies (ART) has increased life expectancy in HIV patients, predisposing them to chronic non-communicable diseases including Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration number CRD42016036246) to determine the global and regional prevalence of CKD in HIV patients. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO and AJOL for articles published between January 1982 and May 2016. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60ml/min using the MDRD, Cockcroft-Gault or CKD-EPI equations. Random effects model was used to combine prevalence estimates from across studies after variance stabilization via Freeman-Tukey transformation. RESULT Sixty-one eligible articles (n = 209,078 HIV patients) in 60 countries were selected. The overall CKD prevalence was 6.4% (95%CI 5.2-7.7%) with MDRD, 4.8% (95%CI 2.9-7.1%) with CKD-EPI and 12.3% (95%CI 8.4-16.7%) with Cockcroft-Gault; p = 0.003 for difference across estimators. Sub-group analysis identified differences in prevalence by WHO region with Africa having the highest MDRD-based prevalence at 7.9% (95%CI 5.2-11.1%). Within Africa, the pooled MDRD-based prevalence was highest in West Africa [14.6% (95%CI 9.9-20.0%)] and lowest in Southern Africa (3.2%, 95%CI 3.0-3.4%). The heterogeneity observed could be explained by WHO region, comorbid hypertension and diabetes mellitus, but not by gender, hepatitis B or C coinfection, CD4 count or antiretroviral status. CONCLUSION CKD is common in HIV-infected people, particularly in Africa. HIV treatment programs need to intensify screening for CKD with added need to introduce global guidelines for CKD identification and treatment in HIV positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udeme E. Ekrikpo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre P. Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Aminu K. Bello
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Emmanuel E. Effa
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Jean Jacques Noubiap
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Babatunde L. Salako
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Brian L. Rayner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Kidney and Hypertension Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases Aldo & Cele Daccò, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ikechi G. Okpechi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Kidney and Hypertension Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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23
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Anand S, Abdalla S, Gathecha G, Oladapo OO, Joseph K, Montez-Rath ME, Aslan M, Barry M, Chertow GM, Rotimi C, Friedman DJ. Association of Apolipoprotein L-1 polymorphisms with blood pressure in three multi-ethnic African studies. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.29392/joghr.2.e2018005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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24
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Akinyemi R, Tiwari HK, Arnett DK, Ovbiagele B, Irvin MR, Wahab K, Sarfo F, Srinivasasainagendra V, Adeoye A, Perry RT, Akpalu A, Jenkins C, Arulogun O, Gebregziabher M, Owolabi L, Obiako R, Sanya E, Komolafe M, Fawale M, Adebayo P, Osaigbovo G, Sunmonu T, Olowoyo P, Chukwuonye I, Obiabo Y, Onoja A, Akinyemi J, Ogbole G, Melikam S, Saulson R, Owolabi M. APOL1, CDKN2A/CDKN2B, and HDAC9 polymorphisms and small vessel ischemic stroke. Acta Neurol Scand 2018; 137:133-141. [PMID: 28975602 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Worldwide, the highest frequencies of APOL1-associated kidney variants are found in indigenous West Africans among whom small vessel disease (SVD) ischemic stroke is the most common stroke phenotype. The objective of this study was to investigate the association and effect sizes of 23 selected SNPs in 14 genes of relevance, including the APOL1 G1 variants, with the occurrence of SVD ischemic stroke among indigenous West African participants in the Stroke Investigative Research and Education Network (SIREN) Study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cases were consecutively recruited consenting adults (aged 18 years or older) with neuroimaging-confirmed first clinical stroke. Stroke-free controls were ascertained using a locally validated version of the Questionnaire for Verifying Stroke-Free Status (QVSFS). Logistic regression models adjusting for known vascular risk factors were fitted to assess the associations of the 23 SNPs in rigorously phenotyped cases (N = 154) of SVD ischemic stroke and stroke-free (N = 483) controls. RESULTS Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) rs73885319 (OR = 1.52; CI: 1.09-2.13, P-value = .013), rs2383207 in CDKN2A/CDKN2B (OR = 3.08; CI: 1.15-8.26, P -value = .026) and rs2107595 (OR = 1.70; CI: 1.12-2.60, P-value = .014) and rs28688791 (OR = 1.52; CI: 1.03-2.26, P-value = .036) in HDAC9 gene were associated with SVD stroke at 0.05 significance level. Polymorphisms in other genes did not show significant associations. CONCLUSION This is the first report of a specific association of APOL1 with a stroke subtype. Further research is needed to confirm these initial findings and deepen understanding of the genetics of stroke in people of African ancestry with possible implications for other ancestries as all humans originated from Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Akinyemi
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
- Federal Medical Centre Abeokuta; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - H. K. Tiwari
- University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | | | - B. Ovbiagele
- Medical University of South Carolina; South Carolina SC USA
| | - M. R. Irvin
- University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - K. Wahab
- University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital; Ilorin Nigeria
| | - F. Sarfo
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; Kumasi Ghana
| | | | - A. Adeoye
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - R. T. Perry
- University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - A. Akpalu
- University of Ghana Medical School; Accra Ghana
| | - C. Jenkins
- Medical University of South Carolina; South Carolina SC USA
| | - O. Arulogun
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | | | - L. Owolabi
- Aminu Kano University Teaching Hospital; Kano Nigeria
| | - R. Obiako
- Ahmadu Bello University; Zaria Nigeria
| | - E. Sanya
- University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital; Ilorin Nigeria
| | | | - M. Fawale
- Obafemi Awolowo University; Ile-Ife Nigeria
| | - P. Adebayo
- Ladoke Akintola University of Technology; Ogbomosho Nigeria
| | | | | | - P. Olowoyo
- Federal University Teaching Hospital; Ido-Ekiti Nigeria
| | | | - Y. Obiabo
- Delta State University Teaching Hospital; Oghara Nigeria
| | - A. Onoja
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - J. Akinyemi
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - G. Ogbole
- Department of Radiology; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - S. Melikam
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - R. Saulson
- Medical University of South Carolina; South Carolina SC USA
| | - M. Owolabi
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
- WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center; Ibadan Nigeria
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Kruzel-Davila E, Wasser WG, Skorecki K. APOL1 Nephropathy: A Population Genetics and Evolutionary Medicine Detective Story. Semin Nephrol 2017; 37:490-507. [PMID: 29110756 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Common DNA sequence variants rarely have a high-risk association with a common disease. When such associations do occur, evolutionary forces must be sought, such as in the association of apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene risk variants with nondiabetic kidney diseases in populations of African ancestry. The variants originated in West Africa and provided pathogenic resistance in the heterozygous state that led to high allele frequencies owing to an adaptive evolutionary selective sweep. However, the homozygous state is disadvantageous and is associated with a markedly increased risk of a spectrum of kidney diseases encompassing hypertension-attributed kidney disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, human immunodeficiency virus nephropathy, sickle cell nephropathy, and progressive lupus nephritis. This scientific success story emerged with the help of the tools developed over the past 2 decades in human genome sequencing and population genomic databases. In this introductory article to a timely issue dedicated to illuminating progress in this area, we describe this unique population genetics and evolutionary medicine detective story. We emphasize the paradox of the inheritance mode, the missing heritability, and unresolved associations, including cardiovascular risk and diabetic nephropathy. We also highlight how genetic epidemiology elucidates mechanisms and how the principles of evolution can be used to unravel conserved pathways affected by APOL1 that may lead to novel therapies. The APOL1 gene provides a compelling example of a common variant association with common forms of nondiabetic kidney disease occurring in a continental population isolate with subsequent global admixture. Scientific collaboration using multiple experimental model systems and approaches should further clarify pathomechanisms further, leading to novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter G Wasser
- Department of Nephrology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Department of Nephrology, Mayanei HaYeshua Medical Center, Bnei Brak, Israel
| | - Karl Skorecki
- Department of Nephrology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
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Akinyemi R, Arnett DK, Tiwari HK, Ovbiagele B, Sarfo F, Srinivasasainagendra V, Irvin MR, Adeoye A, Perry RT, Akpalu A, Jenkins C, Owolabi L, Obiako R, Wahab K, Sanya E, Komolafe M, Fawale M, Adebayo P, Osaigbovo G, Sunmonu T, Olowoyo P, Chukwuonye I, Obiabo Y, Akpa O, Melikam S, Saulson R, Kalaria R, Ogunniyi A, Owolabi M. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) rs1800796 and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKN2A/CDKN2B) rs2383207 are associated with ischemic stroke in indigenous West African Men. J Neurol Sci 2017; 379:229-235. [PMID: 28716248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited genetic variations offer a possible explanation for the observed peculiarities of stroke in sub - Saharan African populations. Interleukin-6 polymorphisms have been previously associated with ischemic stroke in some non-African populations. AIM Herein we investigated, for the first time, the association of genetic polymorphisms of IL-6, CDKN2A- CDKN2B and other genes with ischemic stroke among indigenous West African participants in the Stroke Investigative Research and Education Network (SIREN) Study. METHODS Twenty-three previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 14 genes of relevance to the neurobiology of ischemic stroke were investigated. Logistic regression models adjusting for known cardiovascular disease risk factors were constructed to assess the associations of the 23 SNPs in rigorously phenotyped cases (N=429) of ischemic stroke (Men=198; Women=231) and stroke- free (N=483) controls (Men=236; Women=247). RESULTS Interleukin-6 (IL6) rs1800796 (C minor allele; frequency: West Africans=8.6%) was significantly associated with ischemic stroke in men (OR=2.006, 95% CI=[1.065, 3.777], p=0.031) with hypertension in the model but not in women. In addition, rs2383207 in CDKN2A/CDKN2B (minor allele A with frequency: West Africans=1.7%) was also associated with ischemic stroke in men (OR=2.550, 95% CI=[1.027, 6.331], p=0.044) with primary covariates in the model, but not in women. Polymorphisms in other genes did not show significant association with ischemic stroke. CONCLUSION Polymorphisms rs1800796 in IL6 gene and rs2383207 in CDKN2A/CDKN2B gene have significant associations with ischemic stroke in indigenous West African men. CDKN2A/CDKN2B SNP rs2383207 is independently associated with ischemic stroke in indigenous West African men. Further research should focus on the contributions of inflammatory genes and other genetic polymorphisms, as well as the influence of sex on the neurobiology of stroke in people of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufus Akinyemi
- University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Federal Medical Centre Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Fred Sarfo
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Fawale
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Philip Adebayo
- Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomosho, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Paul Olowoyo
- Federal University Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Yahaya Obiabo
- Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Raj Kalaria
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Mayowa Owolabi
- University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center Ibadan, Nigeria
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Abimiku A, Mayne ES, Joloba M, Beiswanger CM, Troyer J, Wideroff L, H3Africa Biorepository Working Grou. H3Africa Biorepository Program: Supporting Genomics Research on African Populations by Sharing High-Quality Biospecimens. Biopreserv Biobank 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2017.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alash'le Abimiku
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology-Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Sarah Mayne
- Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Moses Joloba
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Christine M. Beiswanger
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology-Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
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Albertus P, Morgenstern H, Robinson B, Saran R. Risk of ESRD in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis 2016; 68:862-872. [PMID: 27578184 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although incidence rates of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States are reported routinely by the US Renal Data System (USRDS), risks (probabilities) are not reported. Short- and long-term risk estimates need to be updated and expanded to minority populations, including Native Americans, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics. STUDY DESIGN Risk estimation from surveillance data in large populations using life-table methods. A competing-risks framework was applied by constructing a hypothetical cohort followed from birth to death. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Total US population. Incidence and mortality rates of ESRD were obtained from the USRDS; all-cause mortality rates were obtained from CDC WONDER. PREDICTORS Age, sex, race/ethnicity, and year. OUTCOMES 10-year to lifetime risks (cumulative incidence) of ESRD. RESULTS Among males, lifetime risks of ESRD from birth using 2013 data were 3.1% (95% CI, 3.0%-3.1%) for non-Hispanic whites, 8.0% (95% CI, 7.9%-8.2%) for non-Hispanic blacks, 3.8% (95% CI, 3.4%-4.9%) for non-Hispanic Native Americans, 5.1% (95% CI, 4.8%-5.4%) for non-Hispanic Asians/Pacific Islanders, and 6.2% (95% CI, 6.1%-6.4%) for Hispanics. Among females, lifetime risks were 2.0% (95% CI, 2.0%-2.1%) for non-Hispanic whites, 6.8% (95% CI, 6.7%-6.9%) for non-Hispanic blacks, 3.6% (95% CI, 3.3%-4.2%) for non-Hispanic Native Americans, 3.8% (95% CI, 3.6%-4.0%) for non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islanders, and 4.3% (95% CI, 4.2%-4.5%) for Hispanics. Lifetime risk of ESRD from birth increased from 3.5% in 2000 to 4.0% in 2013 in males and decreased from 3.0% to 2.8% in females. LIMITATIONS Standard life-time assumption of fixed age-specific rates over time and possible ESRD misclassification. To be useful in clinical practice, this application will require additional predictors (eg, comorbid conditions and chronic kidney disease stage). CONCLUSIONS ESRD risk in the United States varies more than 2-fold among racial/ethnic groups for both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Albertus
- Kidney Epidemiology and Cost Center, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Hal Morgenstern
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Urology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Bruce Robinson
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rajiv Saran
- Kidney Epidemiology and Cost Center, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Adebamowo SN, Adeyemo AA, Tekola-Ayele F, Doumatey AP, Bentley AR, Chen G, Zhou J, Shriner D, Fasanmade OA, Okafor G, Eghan B, Agyenim-Boateng K, Adeleye J, Balogun W, Amoah AG, Owusu S, Acheampong J, Johnson T, Oli J, Adebamowo CA, Rotimi CN. Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on Impaired Kidney Function in Sub-Saharan African Populations. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:50. [PMID: 27303364 PMCID: PMC4884893 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a leading risk factor for impaired kidney function, an indicator of chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to examine the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and impaired kidney function among adults in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). METHODS Participants were enrolled from Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria. Impaired kidney function was based on an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Using logistic regression models, we conducted case-control analyses to estimate the multivariate-adjusted association of T2D and kidney function. RESULTS We used data from 4815 participants for whom the mean (SD) age was 48 (15) years, 41% were male and 46% had T2D. Those with T2D were more likely to have impaired kidney function [13.4% (95% CI: 11.9-14.7)] compared to those without T2D [4.8% (95% CI: 4.0-5.6)], p-value <0.001. The multivariate odds ratio of impaired kidney function among those with type 2 diabetes was 1.50 (95% CI: 1.17-1.91) p-value = 0.001, compared to those without T2D. Also, individuals with T2D who were at least 60 years old, obese, hypertensive or dyslipidemic were more likely to have impaired kidney function compared to those without T2D. CONCLUSION T2D was associated with 50% increased risk of impaired kidney function in this sample of adults from SSA. Interventions targeted at prevention, early diagnosis, and management of T2D are likely to reduce the burden of kidney disease in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally N. Adebamowo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adebowale A. Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ayo P. Doumatey
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy R. Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Shriner
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Benjamin Eghan
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | - Samuel Owusu
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Johnnie Oli
- University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Clement A. Adebamowo
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Greenbaum Cancer Center, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles N. Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Deceased-Donor Apolipoprotein L1 Renal-Risk Variants Have Minimal Effects on Liver Transplant Outcomes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152775. [PMID: 27054572 PMCID: PMC4824450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1) G1 and G2 renal-risk variants, common in populations with recent African ancestry, are strongly associated with non-diabetic nephropathy, end-stage kidney disease, and shorter allograft survival in deceased-donor kidneys (autosomal recessive inheritance). Circulating APOL1 protein is synthesized primarily in the liver and hydrodynamic gene delivery of APOL1 G1 and G2 risk variants has caused hepatic necrosis in a murine model. Methods To evaluate the impact of these variants in liver transplantation, this multicenter study investigated the association of APOL1 G1 and G2 alleles in deceased African American liver donors with allograft survival. Transplant recipients were followed for liver allograft survival using data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. Results Of the 639 liver donors evaluated, 247 had no APOL1 risk allele, 300 had 1 risk allele, and 92 had 2 risk alleles. Graft failure assessed at 15 days, 6 months, 1 year and total was not significantly associated with donor APOL1 genotype (p-values = 0.25, 0.19, 0.67 and 0.89, respectively). Conclusions In contrast to kidney transplantation, deceased-donor APOL1 G1 and G2 risk variants do not significantly impact outcomes in liver transplantation.
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Akinyemi RO, Ovbiagele B, Akpalu A, Jenkins C, Sagoe K, Owolabi L, Sarfo F, Obiako R, Gebreziabher M, Melikam E, Warth S, Arulogun O, Lackland D, Ogunniyi A, Tiwari H, Kalaria RN, Arnett D, Owolabi MO. Stroke genomics in people of African ancestry: charting new paths. Cardiovasc J Afr 2016; 26:S39-49. [PMID: 25962947 PMCID: PMC4557488 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2015-039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One in six people worldwide will experience a stroke in his/her lifetime. While people in Africa carry a disproportionately higher burden of poor stroke outcomes, compared to the rest of the world, the exact contribution of genomic factors to this disparity is unknown. Despite noteworthy research into stroke genomics, studies exploring the genetic contribution to stroke among populations of African ancestry in the United States are few. Furthermore, genomics data in populations living in Africa are lacking. The wide genomic variation of African populations offers a unique opportunity to identify genomic variants with causal relationships to stroke across different ethnic groups. The Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN), a component of the Human Health and Heredity in Africa (H3Africa) Consortium, aims to explore genomic and environmental risk factors for stroke in populations of African ancestry in West Africa and the United States. In this article, we review the literature on the genomics of stroke with particular emphasis on populations of African origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Akinyemi
- Division of Neurology, Federal Medical Centre Abeokuta, Nigeria; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, UK
| | - B Ovbiagele
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - A Akpalu
- College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - K Sagoe
- College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - L Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - F Sarfo
- School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - R Obiako
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - M Gebreziabher
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - E Melikam
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - S Warth
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - O Arulogun
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - D Lackland
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - A Ogunniyi
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - H Tiwari
- Department of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - R N Kalaria
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, UK
| | - D Arnett
- Department of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - M O Owolabi
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Ferdinand KC, Nasser SA. Understanding the Importance of Race/Ethnicity in the Care of the Hypertensive Patient. Curr Hypertens Rep 2016; 17:15. [PMID: 25754318 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-014-0526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although several risk factors contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) overall, hypertension (HTN) is the major controllable risk factor. Hypertension is disproportionately more prevalent among Blacks or African-Americans compared with other race/ethnic populations, and the control rates among this disparate population are alarming. Several pathophysiologic mechanisms have been demonstrated and evaluated among hypertensives and the conglomeration of genetics, environmental, and personal lifestyle activities concurrently impact the progression of hypertension-related comorbidities (i.e., chronic renal disease, CVD, stroke, etc.). Specific pharmacotherapeutic choices are discussed and the most up-to-date data is presented to optimize the care of hypertensives. National and international guidelines for the treatment of HTN are reviewed and analyzed, presenting the most appropriate approach to the care of hypertensive patients overall. Additionally, national efforts supporting the goal of early HTN screening and treatment, as well as the variety of evidence-based pharmacotherapy, are summarized, applying to the public health impact overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith C Ferdinand
- Division of Cardiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-48, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA,
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Asinobi AO, Ademola AD, Okolo CA, Yaria JO. Trends in the histopathology of childhood nephrotic syndrome in Ibadan Nigeria: preponderance of idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. BMC Nephrol 2015; 16:213. [PMID: 26670137 PMCID: PMC4681037 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reports on the histopathology of childhood nephrotic syndrome (NS) had emanated from our Centre since the 1960s and by the late 1980s and early 1990s, a change was observed and reported. Taking into consideration the worldwide changing trend in the histopathology of the NS and our Unit policy change in the indications for renal biopsy, a change was envisaged. We therefore evaluated the current histologic pattern of childhood NS in Ibadan with the view to highlighting any variations from the past and comparing the findings with regional and global trends. Methodology We reviewed our database and analyzed the renal biopsy findings in patients who were biopsied before treatment was administered between 1997 and 2001 and those with mostly idiopathic steroid resistant NS (SRNS) and secondary NS, managed between 2006 and 2013. A comparative analysis of the findings from the present study was carried out with two previous reports from our Unit in the 1970s and early 1990s and also with reports from other Centres. Results A total of 78 patients had successful biopsies done during the study period in children aged between 2 ½ and 16 years. In both pre-treatment biopsy era (1997–2001) and post-treatment biopsy era (2006–2013), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) predominated. 75 % of the patients had idiopathic NS and among the patients that had idiopathic steroid resistant NS, FSGS was the most common followed by MPGN. For secondary NS, MCD was the most common but could be the early stages of either membranous nephropathy (MN) or FSGS. Chronic pyelonephritis and chronic interstitial nephritis occurred in 25 % of the study population but they were more prevalent in secondary nephrotic syndrome. Conclusion FSGS is the most common histopathology in children requiring renal biopsy in Ibadan presently. FSGS is also the most common histopathology in idiopathic SRNS, which is in keeping with reports from most parts of the world. There has been a transition from the preponderance of Quartan Malarial Nephropathy (QMN) in the 1960s to MPGN in the 1980s to FSGS presently. This has great implications with regards to searching for new aetiologic factors, providing more efficacious treatment modalities and ensuring facilities for immunofluorescence, electron microscopic and genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adanze O Asinobi
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. .,Department of Paediatrics, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Adebowale D Ademola
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. .,Department of Paediatrics, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Clement A Okolo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. .,Department of Pathology, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Joseph O Yaria
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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Matsha TE, Kengne AP, Masconi KL, Yako YY, Erasmus RT. APOL1 genetic variants, chronic kidney diseases and hypertension in mixed ancestry South Africans. BMC Genet 2015; 16:69. [PMID: 26112018 PMCID: PMC4482162 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The frequencies of apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) variants and their associations with chronic kidney disease (CKD) vary substantially in populations from Africa. Moreover, available studies have used very small sample sizes to provide reliable estimates of the frequencies of these variants in the general population. We determined the frequency of the two APOL1 risk alleles (G1 and G2) and investigated their association with renal traits in a relatively large sample of mixed-ancestry South Africans. APOL1 risk variants (G1: rs60910145 and rs73885319; G2: rs71785313) were genotyped in 859 African mixed ancestry individuals using allele-specific TaqMan technology. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations. Results The frequencies of rs73885319, rs60910145 and rs71785313 risk alleles were respectively, 3.6 %, 3.4 %, and 5.8 %, resulting in a 1.01 % frequency of the APOL1 two-risk allele (G1:G1 or G1:G2 or G2:G2). The presence of the two-risk allele increased serum creatinine with a corresponding reduction in eGFR (either MDRD or CKD-EPI based). In dominant and log-additive genetic models, significant associations were found between rs71785313 and systolic blood pressure (both p ≤ 0.025), with a significant statistical interaction by diabetes status, p = 0.022, reflecting a negative non-significant effect in nondiabetics and a positive effect in diabetics. Conclusions Although the APOL1 variants are not common in the mixed ancestry population of South Africa, the study does provide an indication that APOL1 variants may play a role in conferring an increased risk for renal and cardiovascular risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tandi E Matsha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville, Cape Town, 7530, South Africa.
| | - Andre P Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council & University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Katya L Masconi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Yandiswa Y Yako
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Rajiv T Erasmus
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) and University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Tekola-Ayele F, Rotimi CN. Translational Genomics in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Opportunities and Challenges. Public Health Genomics 2015; 18:242-7. [PMID: 26138992 DOI: 10.1159/000433518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Translation of genomic discoveries into patient care is slowly becoming a reality in developed economies around the world. In contrast, low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) have participated minimally in genomic research for several reasons including the lack of coherent national policies, the limited number of well-trained genomic scientists, poor research infrastructure, and local economic and cultural challenges. Recent initiatives such as the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa), the Qatar Genome Project, and the Mexico National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN) that aim to address these problems through capacity building and empowerment of local researchers have sparked a paradigm shift. In this short communication, we describe experiences of small-scale medical genetics and translational genomic research programs in LMIC. The lessons drawn from these programs drive home the importance of addressing resource, policy, and sociocultural dynamics to realize the promise of precision medicine driven by genomic science globally. By echoing lessons from a bench-to-community translational genomic research, we advocate that large-scale genomic research projects can be successfully linked with health care programs. To harness the benefits of genomics-led health care, LMIC governments should begin to develop national genomics policies that will address human and technology capacity development within the context of their national economic and sociocultural uniqueness. These policies should encourage international collaboration and promote the link between the public health program and genomics researchers. Finally, we highlight the potential catalytic roles of the global community to foster translational genomics in LMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., USA
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Kayange NM, Smart LR, Tallman JE, Chu EY, Fitzgerald DW, Pain KJ, Peck RN. Kidney disease among children in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review. Pediatr Res 2015; 77:272-281. [PMID: 25420180 PMCID: PMC4426498 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The global burden of kidney disease is increasing, and several etiologies first begin in childhood. Risk factors for pediatric kidney disease are common in Africa, but data regarding its prevalence are lacking. We completed a systematic review of community-based studies describing the prevalence of proteinuria, hematuria, abnormal imaging, or kidney dysfunction among children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Medline and Embase were searched. Five hundred twenty-three references were reviewed. Thirty-two references from nine countries in SSA were included in the qualitative synthesis. The degree of kidney damage and abnormal imaging varied widely: proteinuria 32.5% (2.2-56.0%), hematuria 31.1% (0.6-67.0%), hydronephrosis 11.3% (0.0-38.0%), hydroureter 7.5% (0.0-26.4%), and major kidney abnormalities 0.1% (0.0-0.8%). Serum creatinine was reported in four studies with insufficient detail to identify the prevalence renal dysfunction. A majority of the studies were performed in Schistosoma haematobium endemic areas. A lower prevalence of kidney disease was observed in the few studies from nonendemic areas. Published data on pediatric kidney disease in SSA are highly variable and dependent on S. haematobium prevalence. More community-based studies are needed to describe the burden of pediatric kidney disease, particularly in regions where S. haematobium infection is nonendemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema M. Kayange
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Luke R. Smart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Center for Global Health, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Emily Y. Chu
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel W. Fitzgerald
- Center for Global Health, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. Pain
- Samuel J. Wood Library/CV Starr Biomedical Information Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert N. Peck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Center for Global Health, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
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Kayange NM, Smart LR, Downs JA, Maskini M, Fitzgerald DW, Peck RN. The influence of HIV and schistosomiasis on renal function: a cross-sectional study among children at a hospital in Tanzania. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003472. [PMID: 25612312 PMCID: PMC4303314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis and HIV are both associated with kidney disease. Prevalence and factors associated with abnormal renal function among HIV-infected children in Africa compared to uninfected controls have not been well described in a schistosomiasis endemic area. Methodology/Principal Findings This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Sekou Toure Regional Hospital HIV clinic in Mwanza, Tanzania. A total of 122 HIV-infected children and 122 HIV-uninfected siblings were consecutively enrolled. Fresh urine was obtained for measurement of albuminuria and Schistosoma circulating cathodic antigen. Blood was collected for measurement of serum creatinine. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the modified Schwartz equation. Renal dysfunction was defined operationally as eGFR<60mL/min/1.73m2 and/or albuminuria>20mg/L in a single sample. Among 122 HIV-infected children, 61/122 (50.0%) met our criteria for renal dysfunction: 54/122 (44.3%) had albuminuria>20mg/L and 9/122 (7.4%) had eGFR<60. Among 122 HIV-uninfected children, 51/122 (41.8%) met our criteria for renal dysfunction: 48/122 (39.3%) had albuminuria>20mg/L and 6/122 (4.9%) had eGFR<60. Schistosomiasis was the only factor significantly associated with renal dysfunction by multivariable logistic regression (OR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.46–4.31, p = 0.001). Conclusions/Significance A high prevalence of renal dysfunction exists among both HIV-infected Tanzanian children and their HIV-uninfected siblings. Schistosomiasis was strongly associated with renal dysfunction. Ninety percent of schistosomiasis occurs in sub-Saharan Africa, where 91% of HIV-infected children reside. Both schistosomiasis and HIV affect the kidney, but their respective effects on kidney disease in children are not well described. Our prior work in HIV-infected adults demonstrated a high prevalence of kidney disease, possibly worsened by schistosomiasis, but adults are less commonly and less heavily infected with schistosomiasis than children. Therefore, we sought to describe the prevalence and factors associated with renal dysfunction (defined operationally as eGFR <60mL/min/1.73m2 and/or albuminuria >20mg/L in a single urine test) among HIV-infected children and their uninfected siblings living in a schistosomiasis endemic area. We found that half of HIV-infected children and more than one third of HIV-uninfected children had renal dysfunction. Schistosomiasis was the only factor significantly associated with renal dysfunction, increasing odds of renal dysfunction by 2.5-fold. Nearly 50% of the renal dysfunction we observed in both groups could be explained by schistosomiasis. The strong association between schistosomiasis and renal dysfunction among both HIV-infected and uninfected children should remind clinicians to screen for schistosomiasis. It also ought to spur further prospective research to assess for causality and outcomes in the relationship between S. mansoni and kidney disease in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema M. Kayange
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, United Republic of Tanzania
- * E-mail:
| | - Luke R. Smart
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, United Republic of Tanzania
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Downs
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mwanaisha Maskini
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Daniel W. Fitzgerald
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert N. Peck
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, United Republic of Tanzania
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
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Kruzel-Davila E, Wasser WG, Aviram S, Skorecki K. APOL1 nephropathy: from gene to mechanisms of kidney injury. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 31:349-58. [PMID: 25561578 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of African ancestry to the risk of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and chronic kidney disease has been partially explained by the recently described chromosome 22q variants in the gene apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1). The APOL1 variants appear at a high allele frequency in populations of West African ancestry as a result of apparent adaptive selection of the heterozygous state. Heterozygosity protects from infection with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. This review will describe the role of the approaches in population genetics for the description of APOL1-associated nephropathies and draw inferences as to the biologic mechanisms from genetic epidemiology findings to date. Modifier loci can influence APOL1 risk for the development of kidney disease. 'Second hits', both viral and non-viral, may explain the discrepancy between the remarkably high odds ratios and the low lifetime risks of kidney disease in two allele carriers of APOL1 risk variants. Therapeutic strategies for APOL1-associated nephropathies will require the prevention and treatment of these 'second hits' and the development of drugs to protect the APOL1 downstream renal injury pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etty Kruzel-Davila
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Walter G Wasser
- Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel Mayanei HaYeshua Medical Center, Bnei Brak 51544, Israel
| | - Sharon Aviram
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Karl Skorecki
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
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Ackoundou-N’Guessan KC, N’Zoue S, Lagou AD, Tia MW, Guei CM, Coulibaly AP, Gnionsahe AD. Épidémiologie de l’hypertension artérielle non contrôlée au cours des maladies rénales chroniques chez des patients admis dans une unité de néphrologie d’Afrique noire : une étude rétrospective de 479 patients. Nephrol Ther 2014; 10:518-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Olaitan PB, Odesina V, Ademola S, Fadiora SO, Oluwatosin OM, Reichenberger EJ. Recruitment of Yoruba families from Nigeria for genetic research: experience from a multisite keloid study. BMC Med Ethics 2014; 15:65. [PMID: 25182071 PMCID: PMC4158348 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6939-15-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background More involvement of sub-Saharan African countries in biomedical studies, specifically in genetic research, is needed to advance individualized medicine that will benefit non-European populations. Missing infrastructure, cultural and religious beliefs as well as lack of understanding of research benefits can pose a challenge to recruitment. Here we describe recruitment efforts for a large genetic study requiring three-generation pedigrees within the Yoruba homelands of Nigeria. The aim of the study was to identify genes responsible for keloids, a wound healing disorder. We also discuss ethical and logistical considerations that we encountered in preparation for this research endeavor. Methods Protocols for this bi-national intercultural study were approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) in the US and the ethics committees of the Nigerian institutions for consideration of cultural differences. Principles of community based participatory research were employed throughout the recruitment process. Keloid patients (patient advisors), community leaders, kings/chiefs and medical directors were engaged to assist the research teams with recruitment strategies. Community meetings, church forums, and media outlets (study flyers, radio and TV announcements) were utilized to promote the study in Nigeria. Recruitment of research participants was conducted by trained staff from the local communities. Pedigree structures were re-analyzed on a regular basis as new family members were recruited and recruitment challenges were documented. Results Total recruitment surpassed 4200 study participants over a 7-year period including 79 families with complete three-generation pedigrees. In 9 families more than 20 family members participated, however, in 5 of these families, we encountered issues with pedigree structure as members from different branches presented inconsistent family histories. These issues were due to the traditional open family structure amongst the Yoruba and by beliefs in voodoo or in juju. In addition, family members living in other parts of the country or abroad complicated timely and complete family recruitment. Conclusions Organizational, logistics and ethics challenges can be overcome by additional administrative efforts, good communication, community involvement and education of staff members. However, recruitment challenges due to infrastructural shortcomings or cultural and religious beliefs can lead to significant delays, which may negatively affect study time lines and expectations of funding agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ernst J Reichenberger
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3705, USA.
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Limou S, Nelson GW, Kopp JB, Winkler CA. APOL1 kidney risk alleles: population genetics and disease associations. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2014; 21:426-33. [PMID: 25168832 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
APOL1 kidney disease is a unique case in the field of the genetics of common disease: 2 variants (termed G1 and G2) with high population frequency have been repeatedly associated with nondiabetic CKDs, with very strong effect size (odds ratios 3-29) in populations of sub-Saharan African descent. This review provides an update on the spectrum of APOL1 kidney disease and on the worldwide distribution of these kidney risk variants. We also summarize the proper way to run a recessive analysis on joint and independent effects of APOL1 G1 and G2 kidney risk variants.
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The impact of APOL1, CAV1, and ABCB1 gene variants on outcomes in kidney transplantation: donor and recipient effects. Pediatr Nephrol 2014; 29:1485-92. [PMID: 23748364 PMCID: PMC3809028 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-013-2531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dramatic improvements have been seen in short-term kidney allograft survival over recent decades with introduction of more potent immunosuppressant medications and regimens. Unfortunately, improvements in long-term graft survival have lagged behind. The genomics revolution is providing new insights regarding the potential impact of kidney donor genotypes on long-term graft survival. Variation in the donor apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), caveolin 1 (CAV1), and multi-drug resistance 1 encoding P-glycoprotein genes (ABCB1) are all associated with graft survival after kidney transplantation. Although the precise mechanisms whereby these donor gene variants confer risk for graft loss have yet to be determined, these findings provide novel opportunities for modifying interactive environmental factors and optimizing kidney allocation with the ultimate goal of improving long-term graft survival rates.
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Rotimi C, Abayomi A, Abimiku A, Adabayeri VM, Adebamowo C, Adebiyi E, Ademola AD, Adeyemo A, Adu D, Affolabi D, Agongo G, Ajayi S, Akarolo-Anthony S, Akinyemi R, Akpalu A, Alberts M, Alonso Betancourt O, Alzohairy AM, Ameni G, Amodu O, Anabwani G, Andersen K, Arogundade F, Arulogun O, Asogun D, Bakare R, Balde N, Baniecki ML, Beiswanger C, Benkahla A, Bethke L, Boehnke M, Boima V, Brandful J, Brooks AI, Brosius FC, Brown C, Bucheton B, Burke DT, Burnett BG, Carrington-Lawrence S, Carstens N, Chisi J, Christoffels A, Cooper R, Cordell H, Crowther N, Croxton T, de Vries J, Derr L, Donkor P, Doumbia S, Duncanson A, Ekem I, El Sayed A, Engel ME, Enyaru JCK, Everett D, Fadlelmola FM, Fakunle E, Fischbeck KH, Fischer A, Folarin O, Gamieldien J, Garry RF, Gaseitsiwe S, Gbadegesin R, Ghansah A, Giovanni M, Goesbeck P, Gomez-Olive FX, Grant DS, Grewal R, Guyer M, Hanchard NA, Happi CT, Hazelhurst S, Hennig BJ, Hertz- C, Hide W, Hilderbrandt F, Hugo-Hamman C, Ibrahim ME, James R, Jaufeerally-Fakim Y, Jenkins C, Jentsch U, Jiang PP, Joloba M, Jongeneel V, Joubert F, Kader M, Kahn K, Kaleebu P, Kapiga SH, Kassim SK, Kasvosve I, Kayondo J, Keavney B, Kekitiinwa A, Khan SH, Kimmel P, King MC, Kleta R, Koffi M, Kopp J, Kretzler M, Kumuthini J, Kyobe S, Kyobutungi C, Lackland DT, Lacourciere KA, Landouré G, Lawlor R, Lehner T, Lesosky M, Levitt N, Littler K, Lombard Z, Loring JF, Lyantagaye S, Macleod A, Madden EB, Mahomva CR, Makani J, Mamven M, Marape M, Mardon G, Marshall P, Martin DP, Masiga D, Mason R, Mate-Kole M, Matovu E, Mayige M, Mayosi BM, Mbanya JC, McCurdy SA, McCarthy MI, McIlleron H, Mc'Ligeyo SO, Merle C, Mocumbi AO, Mondo C, Moran JV, Motala A, Moxey-Mims M, Mpoloka WS, Msefula CL, Mthiyane T, Mulder N, Mulugeta GH, Mumba D, Musuku J, Nagdee M, Nash O, Ndiaye D, Nguyen AQ, Nicol M, Nkomazana O, Norris S, Nsangi B, Nyarko A, Nyirenda M, Obe E, Obiakor R, Oduro A, Ofori-Acquah SF, Ogah O, Ogendo S, Ohene-Frempong K, Ojo A, Olanrewaju T, Oli J, Osafo C, Ouwe Missi Oukem-Boyer O, Ovbiagele B, Owen A, Owolabi MO, Owolabi L, Owusu-Dabo E, Pare G, Parekh R, Patterton HG, Penno MB, Peterson J, Pieper R, Plange-Rhule J, Pollak M, Puzak J, Ramesar RS, Ramsay M, Rasooly R, Reddy S, Sabeti PC, Sagoe K, Salako T, Samassékou O, Sandhu MS, Sankoh O, Sarfo FS, Sarr M, Shaboodien G, Sidibe I, Simo G, Simuunza M, Smeeth L, Sobngwi E, Soodyall H, Sorgho H, Sow Bah O, Srinivasan S, Stein DJ, Susser ES, Swanepoel C, Tangwa G, Tareila A, Tastan Bishop O, Tayo B, Tiffin N, Tinto H, Tobin E, Tollman SM, Traoré M, Treadwell MJ, Troyer J, Tsimako-Johnstone M, Tukei V, Ulasi I, Ulenga N, van Rooyen B, Wachinou AP, Waddy SP, Wade A, Wayengera M, Whitworth J, Wideroff L, Winkler CA, Winnicki S, Wonkam A, Yewondwos M, sen T, Yozwiak N, Zar H. Research capacity. Enabling the genomic revolution in Africa. Science 2014; 344:1346-8. [PMID: 24948725 PMCID: PMC4138491 DOI: 10.1126/science.1251546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
H3Africa is developing capacity for health-related genomics research in Africa
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Asinobi AO, Ademola AD, Ogunkunle OO, Mott SA. Paediatric end-stage renal disease in a tertiary hospital in South West Nigeria. BMC Nephrol 2014; 15:25. [PMID: 24490759 PMCID: PMC3916797 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-15-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children and adolescents with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in sub-Saharan Africa may have the worst outcomes globally. Barriers to management include late presentation, poor socioeconomic conditions, absence of medical insurance, limited diagnostic facilities and non-availability of chronic renal replacement therapy (RRT). Our study was to determine the incidence, aetiology, management and outcomes of paediatric ESRD in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Methods A retrospective case review of paediatric ESRD at the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria, over 8 years, from January 2005 to December 2012. Results 53 patients (56.6% male), median age 11 (inter quartile range 8.5-12) years were studied. Mean annual incidence of ESRD in Ibadan for children aged 14 years and below was 4 per million age related population (PMARP) while for those aged 5-14 years it was 6.0 PMARP. Glomerulonephritis was the cause in 41 (77.4%) patients amongst whom, 29 had chronic glomerulonephritis and 12 had nephrotic syndrome. Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) accounted for 11 (21.2%) cases, posterior urethral valves being the most common. Acute haemodialysis, acute peritoneal dialysis or a combination of these were performed in 33 (62.3%), 6 (11.3%) and 4 (7.5%) patients respectively. Median survival was 47 days and in-hospital mortality was 59%. Conclusions Incidence of paediatric ESRD in Ibadan is higher than previous reports from sub-Saharan Africa. Glomerulonephritis, and then CAKUT are the most common causes. Mortality is high, primarily due to lack of resources. Preventive nephrology and chronic RRT programmes are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adebowale D Ademola
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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Divers J, Palmer ND, Lu L, Langefeld CD, Rocco MV, Hicks PJ, Murea M, Ma L, Bowden DW, Freedman BI. Gene-gene interactions in APOL1-associated nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 29:587-94. [PMID: 24157943 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two APOL1 nephropathy variants confer substantial risk for non-diabetic end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in African Americans (AAs). Since not all genetically high-risk individuals develop ESKD, modifying factors likely contribute. Forty-two potentially interactive single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a genome-wide association study in non-diabetic ESKD were tested for interaction with APOL1 to identify genes modifying risk for non-diabetic nephropathy. METHODS SNPs were examined in an expanded sample of 1367 AA non-diabetic ESKD cases and 1504 AA non-nephropathy controls, with validation in an independent family-based cohort containing 608 first-degree relatives of index cases with non-diabetic ESKD. Logistic regression and mixed models were fitted to test for interaction effects with APOL1 on ESKD, estimated kidney function and albuminuria. RESULTS Among ESKD samples, 14 of 42 SNPs demonstrated suggestive APOL1 interaction with P-values <0.05. After Bonferroni correction, significant interactions with APOL1 were seen with SNPs in podocin (rs16854341; NPHS2, P = 8.0 × 10(-4)), in SDCCAG8 (rs2802723; P = 5.0 × 10(-4)) and near BMP4 (rs8014363; P = 1.0 × 10(-3)); with trends for ENOX1 (rs9533534; P = 2.2 × 10(-3)) and near TRIB1 (rs4457349; P = 5.7 × 10(-3)). The minor allele in NPHS2 markedly changed the APOL1-ESKD association odds ratio (OR) from 7.03 to 1.76 (∼50% reduction in effect per copy of the minor allele), rs2802723 changed the OR from 5.1 to 10.5, and rs8014363 increased the OR from 4.8 to 9.5. NPHS2 (P = 0.05) and SDCCAG8 (P = 0.03) SNPs demonstrated APOL1 interaction with albuminuria in independent family-based samples. CONCLUSIONS Variants in NPHS2, SDCCAG8 and near BMP4 appear to interact with APOL1 to modulate the risk for non-diabetic ESKD in AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Divers
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Ulasi II, Tzur S, Wasser WG, Shemer R, Kruzel E, Feigin E, Ijoma CK, Onodugo OD, Okoye JU, Arodiwe EB, Ifebunandu NA, Chukwuka CJ, Onyedum CC, Ijoma UN, Nna E, Onuigbo M, Rosset S, Skorecki K. High population frequencies of APOL1 risk variants are associated with increased prevalence of non-diabetic chronic kidney disease in the Igbo people from south-eastern Nigeria. Nephron Clin Pract 2013; 123:123-8. [PMID: 23860441 DOI: 10.1159/000353223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continental Africa is facing an epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD). APOL1 risk variants have been shown to be strongly associated with an increased risk for non-diabetic kidney disease including HIV nephropathy, primary non-monogenic focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, and hypertension-attributed nephropathy among African ancestry populations in the USA. The world's highest frequencies of APOL1 risk alleles have been reported in West African nations, overlapping regions with a high incidence of CKD and hypertension. One such region is south-eastern Nigeria, and therefore we sought to quantify the association of APOL1 risk alleles with CKD in this region. METHODS APOL1 risk variants were genotyped in a case-control sample set consisting of non-diabetic, CKD patients (n = 44) and control individuals (n = 43) from Enugu and Abakaliki, Nigeria. RESULTS We found a high frequency of two APOL1 risk alleles in the general population of Igbo people of south-eastern Nigeria (23.3%). The two APOL1 risk allele frequency in the CKD patient group was 66%. Logistic regression analysis under a recessive inheritance model showed a strong and significant association of APOL1 two-risk alleles with CKD, yielding an odds ratio of 6.4 (unadjusted p = 1.2E-4); following correction for age, gender, HIV and BMI, the odds ratio was 4.8 (adjusted p = 5.1E-03). CONCLUSION APOL1 risk variants are common in the Igbo population of south-eastern Nigeria, and are also highly associated with non-diabetic CKD in this area. APOL1 may explain the increased prevalence of CKD in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma I Ulasi
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
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