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Mikami R, Mizutani K, Ishimaru M, Gohda T, Iwata T, Aida J. Preventive dental care reduces risk of cardiovascular disease and pneumonia in hemodialysis population: a nationwide claims database analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12372. [PMID: 38811608 PMCID: PMC11137030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of dental care utilization status on the occurrence of fatal complications such as cerebral/cardiovascular disease (CVD) and infectious diseases in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis. This retrospective cohort study was performed using the Japanese claims database and included patients who first underwent hemodialysis between April 2014 and September 2020. The exposure variable of interest was the pattern of dental utilization, which was categorized into three groups, "dental treatment group", "preventive dental care group", and "no-dental visit group". The primary outcomes were the time interval until a composite end point of first major cardiovascular event (acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, or cerebral infarction) of infectious disease (pneumonia and sepsis). The secondary outcomes were the time interval until the incidence of each component of primary outcomes. Survival analyses, including log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, were performed. Among the 10,873 patients who underwent the first dialysis treatment, 6152 were assigned to the no-dental visit group, 2221 to the dental treatment group, and 2500 to the preventive dental care group. The preventive dental care group had significantly lower hazard ratios (HRs) of the incidence of CVD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77-0.96) and infectious diseases (aHR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76-0.97). As for pneumonia, preventive dental care and dental treatment groups had significantly lower HRs (aHR: 0.74 and 0.80, 95% CI: 0.61-0.88, 0.66-0.96) than the no-dental visit group. This study demonstrated that dental visits for preventive dental care were associated with a significant risk reduction in CVD and infectious complications in patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Mikami
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Ishimaru
- Institute of Education, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Tomohito Gohda
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Altamura S, Pietropaoli D, Lombardi F, Del Pinto R, Ferri C. An Overview of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology: The Impact of Gut Dysbiosis and Oral Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3033. [PMID: 38002033 PMCID: PMC10669155 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a severe condition and a significant public health issue worldwide, carrying the burden of an increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. The traditional factors that promote the onset and progression of CKD are cardiometabolic risk factors like hypertension and diabetes, but non-traditional contributors are escalating. Moreover, gut dysbiosis, inflammation, and an impaired immune response are emerging as crucial mechanisms in the disease pathology. The gut microbiome and kidney disease exert a reciprocal influence commonly referred to as "the gut-kidney axis" through the induction of metabolic, immunological, and endocrine alterations. Periodontal diseases are strictly involved in the gut-kidney axis for their impact on the gut microbiota composition and for the metabolic and immunological alterations occurring in and reciprocally affecting both conditions. This review aims to provide an overview of the dynamic biological interconnections between oral health status, gut, and renal pathophysiology, spotlighting the dynamic oral-gut-kidney axis and raising whether periodontal diseases and gut microbiota can be disease modifiers in CKD. By doing so, we try to offer new insights into therapeutic strategies that may enhance the clinical trajectory of CKD patients, ultimately advancing our quest for improved patient outcomes and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Altamura
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.A.); (D.P.); (C.F.)
- PhD School in Medicine and Public Health, Center of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research—Dental Clinic, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Pietropaoli
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.A.); (D.P.); (C.F.)
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Center of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research—Dental Clinic, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Lombardi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunopathology, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.A.); (D.P.); (C.F.)
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.A.); (D.P.); (C.F.)
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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Raeesi V, Mohammadi Moghaddam M, Naghavi A, Mozafari G. The effect of scaling and root planning on the periodontal condition in hemodialysis patients: A clinical trial study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1520. [PMID: 37636284 PMCID: PMC10448737 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Periodontitis is very common in kidney patients undergoing hemodialysis. The two diseases interact with each other so that kidney failure exacerbates periodontal disease and periodontal disease increases the severity of the renal failure. This study aimed to compare the effect of scaling and root planning on the periodontal status of hemodialysis patients and the healthy control group. Methods A clinical trial study of 60 subjects, 30 subjects in the dialysis group with chronic periodontitis, and 30 with chronic periodontitis who were systemically healthy was conducted. After a health education session, gingival pocket depth (PD) measurement, and clinical attachment level (CAL), scaling was performed for both groups. Then, the mentioned indices were measured consequently, at 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Improvement in both groups was analyzed by Mann-Whitney and paired sample t-test at the significance level of 0.05 by SPSS software. Results In both groups, the decrease in PD and CAL was steadily observed from the first to the third time and the changes from the first to the second and the first to the third time were significant however it was not significant between the second and third time. Mean PD and CAL in the dialysis group were higher than in the nondialysis group, which was significant (p < 0.001) for the mean PD. The mean improvement of PD and CAL in dialysis patients was 14.31 ± 10.48 and 17.60 ± 7.83%, respectively, and the mean improvement of PD in the nondialysis group was significantly higher than in the dialysis group (p = 0.008). Conclusion Periodontal treatment (scaling) causes more improvement in periodontal clinical parameters in healthy people with periodontitis than in dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajehallah Raeesi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
| | | | - Ali Naghavi
- Department of Periodontics, School of DentistryBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
| | - Ghazale Mozafari
- Department of Periodontics, School of DentistryBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
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Chen Z, Deng H, Sun K, Huang Z, Wei S, Lin Y, Song Z, Liu Y. Prevalence of chronic periodontitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis and its correlation with peritoneal dialysis-related complications. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:71. [PMID: 36964507 PMCID: PMC10039550 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The microinflammatory state can influence the occurrence of dialysis-related complications in dialysis patients. Chronic periodontitis (CP), in which plaque biofilm is considered to be the initiating factor, is a chronic infectious disease in the oral cavity. It is still uncertain whether CP affects the microinflammatory state in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and the occurrence of dialysis-related complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the periodontal index and clinical parameters in peritoneal dialysis patients with CP and dialysis-related complications, including peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP) and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (CCEs). METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study, and 76 patients undergoing PD were enrolled. Clinical parameters, the occurrence of PD-related complications and periodontitis-related indicators, including the gingival index (GI), plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL), were collected. Correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between periodontal or clinical parameters and the occurrence of PD-related complications. RESULTS All the patients had different degrees of periodontitis (mild 9.2%, moderate 72.4%, severe 18.4%); PPD was inversely related to serum albumin (r = - 0.235, p = 0.041); CAL has a positive correlation with serum C-reactive protein (rs = 0.242, p = 0.035); PLI was positively correlated with serum calcium (r = 0.314, p = 0.006). ANOVA, multivariate logistic regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier Survival curve suggested that CAL was a risk factor for the occurrence of PDAP. There was no correlation between periodontal parameters and CCEs or poor prognosis. CONCLUSION CP is universally present in PD patients, and the presentation of periodontitis influences the systemic inflammatory state in PD patients. CP is a risk factor for PDAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Deng
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kristine Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehui Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Wei
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyao Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongchen Song
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Baciu SF, Mesaroș AȘ, Kacso IM. Chronic Kidney Disease and Periodontitis Interplay-A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1298. [PMID: 36674052 PMCID: PMC9859404 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis (PO), a chronic microbially-induced inflammation of the supporting tissues of the tooth, is linked to various systemic diseases. We analyze its bidirectional relationship to chronic kidney disease (CKD), a major health-care problem with impressive excess mortality. Overwhelming associative relationship between CKD and PO are analyzed. Major pathophysiologic mechanisms that link CKD to PO are then presented: systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and imbalance of oxidative stress characteristic of CKD have a role in PO development and might influence escape mechanisms of oral microbiota. Subclinical local and systemic inflammation induced by PO might influence in turn CKD outcomes. Homeostatic changes induced by CKD such as mineral bone disorders, acidosis, uremic milieu, or poor salivary flow are also relevant for the occurrence of PO. There is insufficient evidence to recommend a standardized diagnostic and therapeutic approach regarding association of PO to CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorana Florica Baciu
- Department of Dental Propaedeutics and Esthetics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca-Ștefania Mesaroș
- Department of Dental Propaedeutics and Esthetics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ina Maria Kacso
- Department of Nephrology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Zhang Q, Xu S, Xu W, Zhou Y, Luan H, Wang D. Resveratrol decreases local inflammatory markers and systemic endotoxin in patients with aggressive periodontitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29393. [PMID: 35758374 PMCID: PMC9276133 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Resveratrol (RV) is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of RV on local inflammatory markers and systemic endotoxin in patients with periodontitis. METHODS A total of 160 patients with periodontitis were enrolled in this study. The selected patients were randomly divided into four groups and received placebo, high-dose (500 mg/d) of RV (HRV, n = 40), middle-dose (250 mg/d) of RV (middle dose RV (MRV), n = 40) and low-dose (125 mg/d) of RV (low dose RV (LRV), n = 40) with orally administration. All patients received an 8-week treatment. The periodontal status of patients with periodontitis was recorded by using clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding index (BI), oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S), and probing pocket depth (PPD). The levels of inflammatory markers in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and systemic levels of endotoxin were evaluated using high sensitivity enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay. RESULTS Outcomes showed that symptoms of periodontitis determined by CAL, BI OHI-S and PPD were improved by RV compared to placebo. RV treatment decreased inflammatory markers in serum and GCF compared to placebo in patient with periodontitis. Systemic endotoxin declined more in the RV group than the placebo-treated group. CONCLUSION In conclusion, data in the current study indicate that RV is an efficient drug for the treatment of patients with periodontitis. The findings of the present study find that RV inhibits systemic local inflammatory markers and systemic endotoxin and suggest that 500 mg/d RV is the ideal dose for patients with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhi, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuhan Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenxiu Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Stomatology, Guangming District Maternal and child health hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hairong Luan
- Department of Stomatology, Guangming District Maternal and child health hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Center of Functional Experiment Teaching, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Deli Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
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Sun K, Shen H, Liu Y, Deng H, Chen H, Song Z. Assessment of Alveolar Bone and Periodontal Status in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Front Physiol 2021; 12:759056. [PMID: 34966288 PMCID: PMC8710660 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.759056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 8-13% of the global population and has become one of the largest burdens on healthcare systems around the world. Peritoneal dialysis is one of the ultimate treatments for patients with severe CKD. Recently, increasing severe periodontal problems have been found in CKD patients. Periodontitis has been identified as a new variable risk factor for CKD. The aim of this study was to investigate the periodontal status and severity of alveolar bone loss in CKD patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD). One hundred and six patients undergoing PD (PD group) and 97 systemically healthy periodontitis patients (control group) were enrolled. The differences in the dimensions of the alveolar bone between two groups were compared, and the distribution of alveolar bone defects was analyzed by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Gingival index (GI), plaque index (PLI), periodontal probing depth (PPD), and attachment loss (AL) were recorded. The levels of inflammatory factors in gingival crevicular fluid were assessed by ELISA. Compared to control group, there was a higher degree of alveolar bone loss in maxillary premolars, maxillary 2nd molar and mandibular 1st molar in patients with PD (p < 0.05). A comparison of bone loss in different sites revealed that the area with the highest degree of bone loss were on the mesial-buccal, mid-buccal, distal-buccal, and mesial-lingual site in PD patients. The expression levels of inflammatory factors were higher in PD group (p < 0.01). In conclusion, PD patients presented more severe periodontal and inflammatory status than systemically healthy periodontitis patients. The loss of the alveolar bone differed between the two groups. Different sites and teeth exhibited a diverse degree of bone loss. This study highlights that clinicians should pay close attention to periodontal status of peritoneal dialysis patients and provides a new thinking to improve healthcare for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwen Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongchen Song
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Gheorghe DN, Popescu DM, Salan A, Boldeanu MV, Ionele CM, Pitru A, Turcu-Stiolica A, Camen A, Florescu C, Rogoveanu I, Surlin P. Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy Could Improve the Periodontal Inflammatory Status in Patients with Periodontitis and Chronic Hepatitis C. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225275. [PMID: 34830557 PMCID: PMC8619210 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) is the first essential step for the management of any periodontitis patient. This study aims to evaluate the impact of NSPT on pro-inflammatory mediators’ regulation and on clinical parameters in periodontitis patients who suffer from chronic hepatitis C. At baseline, selected patients were clinically evaluated for their periodontal status. A subsequent quantitative assessment of C-reactive protein and pentraxin-3 in samples of gingival fluid was performed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Afterwards, NSPT was performed. Three months after NSPT, the clinical and ELISA assessments were repeated. The results show an improvement of the clinical parameters in periodontitis patients at the three-month recall. In chronic hepatitis C patients with periodontitis, the gingival fluid levels of pro-inflammatory markers reduced significantly. The targeted markers also expressed significant correlations with the clinical parameters used for the assessment of periodontitis’ severity. The results suggest that, while chronic hepatitis C patients exhibited a more negative periodontal status at baseline as compared to non-hepatitis ones, NSPT is effective in decreasing the local periodontal inflammatory reaction and in proving the periodontal status of this type of patients. Given the limitation of the study, periodontal screening and NSPT should be included in the integrated therapeutical approach of chronic hepatitis C patients, for its impact on the local inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Nicolae Gheorghe
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (D.N.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Dora Maria Popescu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (D.N.G.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.P.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Alex Salan
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Mihail Virgil Boldeanu
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.M.P.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Claudiu Marinel Ionele
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.I.); (I.R.)
| | - Allma Pitru
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Adina Turcu-Stiolica
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Statistical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Adrian Camen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Cristina Florescu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ion Rogoveanu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.I.); (I.R.)
| | - Petra Surlin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (D.N.G.); (P.S.)
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Chen C, Zhu J, Deng X, Yang Z, Lin W, Ma Y, Huang S, Chen L, Liu Y, Zhu F. Severe periodontitis is associated with the serum levels of hypersensitive C reactive protein and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in the patients of acute ischemic stroke. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 88:232-236. [PMID: 33992190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaque, and hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) are the serum biomarkers of the stability of atherosclerotic plaque. Whether periodontitis is associated with the serum level of hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2 of acute ischemic stroke remains unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS We recruited 103 cases with acute ischemic stroke within 7 days after stroke onset. Pocket depth and clinical attachment loss were assessed by oral examination to define the severe periodontitis. Demographic information including gender, age and body weight index, income level, education level, past medical history include smoking history, drinking history, ischemic stroke history, coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia were collected, and serum biomarkers including white blood cell (WBC), fibrinogen, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), lower density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), hs-CRP, HemoglobinA1c (HbAlc), Homocysteine (HCY) and Lp-PLA2 were tested. RESULTS 65 (63.1%) cases were diagnosed as severe periodontitis. Severe periodontitis group showed more male, age, drinking history, higher levels of hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2. Multivariate logistic regression showed that severe periodontitis was were significantly associated with hs-CRP (OR = 2.367, 95%CI: 1.182-4.738; P = .015) and Lp-PLA2 (OR = 2.577, 95% CI: 1.010-6.574; P = .048). CONCLUSIONS Severe periodontitis is independently associated with the serum Level of hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2 in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Whether the improvement of periodontitis could decrease the occurrence and re-occurrence of ischemic stroke by stablizating atherosclerotic plaque need be further studied in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Chen
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical College, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province 518001, PR China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yuebei People's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong Province 512025, PR China
| | - Jinhua Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yuebei People's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong Province 512025, PR China
| | - Xuhui Deng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yuebei People's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong Province 512025, PR China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yuebei People's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong Province 512025, PR China
| | - Weifeng Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510632, PR China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical College, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province 518001, PR China
| | - Shuxuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, People 's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Lue Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong Province 528300, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, PR China
| | - Feiqi Zhu
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical College, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province 518001, PR China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yuebei People's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong Province 512025, PR China.
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Effect of periodontal treatment on the glomerular filtration rate, reduction of inflammatory markers and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245619. [PMID: 33481920 PMCID: PMC7822280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To assess the effect of periodontal treatment (PT) on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), systemic inflammation, or mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods A literature search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science databases on articles published until December 2019. The PRISMA guidelines were used throughout the manuscript. Results Of the total studies found, only 18 met the inclusion criteria; four retrospective and 14 prospective studies (including 3 randomized controlled trials–RCT). After PT, 3 studies investigated GFR, 2 found significant improvement; 11 (including 2 RCTs) investigated C-reactive protein levels, 9 found a significant improvement (including the 2 RCTs); 5 (including 3 RCTs) investigated Interleukine-6 level, 4 found a significant improvement (including 2 RCTs) and 2 studies evaluated mortality, one (retrospective study) found a significant difference. Conclusions Within the limitations of the present study, PT seems to improve CKD status, especially by reducing the systemic inflammation. Further RCTs are needed to confirm the results and specifically assess the influence of different types of PT in CKD patients. Taking into consideration the ability of PT to prevent further tooth loss and denutrition, early management of periodontitis is extremely important in patients with impaired renal function.
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11
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Medara N, Lenzo JC, Walsh KA, Reynolds EC, Darby IB, O'Brien-Simpson NM. A review of T helper 17 cell-related cytokines in serum and saliva in periodontitis. Cytokine 2020; 138:155340. [PMID: 33144024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a complex underlying immunopathology. Cytokines, as molecular mediators of inflammation, play a role in all stages of disease progression. T helper 17 (Th17) cells are thought to play a role in periodontitis. Th17 cell development and maintenance requires a pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu, with many of the cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Serum and saliva are easily accessible biofluids which can represent the systemic and local environment to promote the development of Th17 cells. Here we review human clinical studies that investigate IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, IFN-γ, sCD40L and TNF-α in serum and saliva in periodontitis. We highlight their putative role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and place them within a wider context of animal and other clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Medara
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Jason C Lenzo
- Centre for Oral Health Research, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Katrina A Walsh
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Lance Townsend Building, Level 8, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia.
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Centre for Oral Health Research, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Ivan B Darby
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Centre for Oral Health Research, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
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Yue H, Xu X, Liu Q, Li X, Xiao Y, Hu B. Effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy on systemic inflammation and metabolic markers in patients undergoing haemodialysis and/or peritoneal dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:18. [PMID: 31969148 PMCID: PMC6977292 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-1004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review aimed to investigate whether non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) can reduce systemic inflammatory levels and improve metabolism in patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) and/or peritoneal dialysis (PD). METHODS Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CNKI, and WFPD) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed through July 2019. The risk of bias within studies was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration's risk assessment tool. The systemic inflammatory and metabolic outcomes included the highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), the albumin (Alb), and lipid metabolite levels. Meta-analyses (MAs) were performed to calculate the overall effect size where appropriate. RESULTS Five RCTs were included in this study. Compared with untreated periodontitis groups, the dialysis patients after NSPT significantly showed decreased hs-CRP levels at less than or equal to 2 months (standardized mean difference: - 1.53, 95% confidence interval - 2.95 to - 0.11). No significant difference was found in IL-6 and Alb levels following NSPT at either the 3- or 6- month follow-ups. No MAs could be performed on the TNF-a level and the lipid metabolic markers. CONCLUSIONS NSPT can moderately reduce serum hs-CRP levels in HD and/or PD patients, but did not significantly change IL-6 or Alb levels. For TNF-a and lipid metabolism markers, no sufficient evidence supports that these levels are changed after NSPT. Additional scientific research is necessary to assess the effects of NSPT on systemic inflammation and metabolic parameters in dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yue
- Department of Stomatology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshibei Road, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaozhi Li
- Department of Stomatology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiting Xiao
- Department of Stomatology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshibei Road, Chongqing, 401147, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
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13
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Borgnakke WS. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Diabetes and oral health - A two-way relationship of clinical importance. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 157:107839. [PMID: 31520714 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current scientific evidence for the bi-directional associations between oral health and diabetes is summarized. The universal biologic mechanisms and demographic and behavioral risk drivers underlying these associations in both directions are also described. Dysglycemia, even slightly elevated blood sugar levels, adversely affects oral health, manifesting itself in several oral diseases and conditions. In the opposite direction, any oral infection with its subsequent local and systemic inflammatory responses adversely affects blood glucose levels. Moreover, painful, mobile, or missing teeth may lead to intake of soft food items representing a sub-optimal diet and hence poor nutrition, and thereby contribute to incident type 2 diabetes or to poorer glucose control in existing diabetes. Treatment of inflammation related oral conditions, such as non-surgical periodontal treatment and extraction of infected teeth, can lead to a clinically significant decrease in blood glucose levels. Attention to infectious oral diseases and referral to dental care professionals for treatment can therefore be an important novel tool for medical care professionals in preventing and managing diabetes mellitus. Dental professionals can detect unrecognized potential dysglycemia and refer for medical examination. Such interprofessional, patient centered care may contribute to improved health, wellbeing, and quality of life in people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenche S Borgnakke
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue Rm# 3060, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
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14
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Periodontal Disease in Patients Receiving Dialysis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153805. [PMID: 31382656 PMCID: PMC6695931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by kidney damage with proteinuria, hematuria, and progressive loss of kidney function. The final stage of CKD is known as end-stage renal disease, which usually indicates that approximately 90% of normal renal function is lost, and necessitates renal replacement therapy for survival. The most widespread renal replacement therapy is dialysis, which includes peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD). However, despite the development of novel medical instruments and agents, both dialysis procedures have complications and disadvantages, such as cardiovascular disease due to excessive blood fluid and infections caused by impaired immunity. Periodontal disease is chronic inflammation induced by various pathogens and its frequency and severity in patients undergoing dialysis are higher compared to those in healthy individuals. Therefore, several investigators have paid special attention to the impact of periodontal disease on inflammation-, nutrient-, and bone metabolism-related markers; the immune system; and complications in patients undergoing dialysis. Furthermore, the influence of diabetes on the prevalence and severity of manifestations of periodontal disease, and the properties of saliva in HD patients with periodontitis have been reported. Conversely, there are few reviews discussing periodontal disease in patients with dialysis. In this review, we discuss the available studies and review the pathological roles and clinical significance of periodontal disease in patients receiving PD or HD. In addition, this review underlines the importance of oral health and adequate periodontal treatment to maintain quality of life and prolong survival in these patients.
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Tasdemir Z, Oskaybas MN, Alkan AB, Cakmak O. The effects of ozone therapy on periodontal therapy: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1195-1202. [PMID: 30739369 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this randomized split-mouth clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of ozone therapy on clinical and biochemical parameters of moderate to severe generalized periodontitis patients after non-surgical periodontal therapy. METHODS A total of 36 moderate to severe generalized periodontitis patients were included in the study. The patients were systemically healthy and 18 to 64 years of age. Periodontal parameters, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), percentage of bleeding on probing, percentage of pockets deeper than 5 mm and clinical attachment level (CAL), and percentage of ≥3 mm CAL, were evaluated at baseline and 3 months following periodontal therapy. All participants were treated non-surgically. Topical gaseous ozone was applied into periodontal pockets twice a week for 2 weeks during active periodontal therapy. Gingival crevicular fluid pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) were evaluated. All statistical data were analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS Total of 36 participants completed the study (18 males, 18 females). PI, GI, PD, percentage of bleeding on probing, percentage of pockets deeper than 5 mm and CAL, and percentage of ≥3 mm CAL were improved, and there were no significant differences between the two sides. All inflammatory parameters, PTX-3, Hs-CRP, and IL-1, were reduced at 3-month follow-up. Only the decrease in PTX-3 levels between baseline and 3-month follow-up was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Ozone therapy did not have any additional effect on periodontal parameters. All cytokines were reduced after periodontal therapy. Only PTX-3 levels were significantly lower at ozone sites compared to those at the control sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekeriya Tasdemir
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Merve N Oskaybas
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arzu B Alkan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Bezm-i Alem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Cakmak
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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