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The Role of Bone Muscle Ring Finger-1 (MuRF1), MuRF2, MuRF3, and Atrogin-1 on Microarchitecture In Vivo. Cell Biochem Biophys 2022; 80:415-426. [PMID: 35191000 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin proteasome system was found to contribute to bone loss by regulating bone turnover and metabolism, by modulating osteoblast differentiation and bone formation as well as formation of osteoclasts that contribute to bone resorption. Muscle Ring Finger (MuRF) are novel ubiquitin ligases, which are muscle specific and have not been much implicated in the bone but have been implicated in several human diseases including heart failure and skeletal muscle atrophy. This study is aimed at understanding the role of MuRF1, MuRF2, MuRF3 and Atrogin which are distinct MuRF family proteins in bone homeostasis. Wildtype, heterozygous and homozygous mice of each of the isoforms were used and the bone microarchitecture and mechanical properties were assessed using microCT and biomechanics. MuRF1 depletion was found to alter cortical properties in both males and females, but only trabecular spacing in the females. MuRF2 depletion let to no changes in the cortical and trabecular properties but change in the strain to yield in the females. Depletion of MuRF3 led to decrease in the cortical properties in the females and increase in the trabecular properties in the males. Atrogin depletion was found to reduce cortical properties in both males and females, whereas some trabecular properties were found to be reduced in the females. Each muscle-specific ligase was found to alter the bone structure and mechanical properties in a distinct a sex-dependent manner.
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Yin L, Li N, Jia W, Wang N, Liang M, Yang X, Du G. Skeletal muscle atrophy: From mechanisms to treatments. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105807. [PMID: 34389456 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a crucial tissue for movement, gestural assistance, metabolic homeostasis, and thermogenesis. It makes up approximately 40% of the total body weight and 50% of total protein. However, several pathological abnormalities (e.g., chronic diseases, cancer, long-term infection, aging) can induce an imbalance in skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation, which triggers muscle wasting and even leads to atrophy. Skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by weakening, shrinking, and decreasing muscle mass and fiber cross-sectional area at the histological level. It manifests as a reduction in force production, easy fatigue and decreased exercise capability, along with a lower quality of life. Mechanistically, there are several pathophysiological processes involved in skeletal muscle atrophy, including oxidative stress and inflammation, which then activate signal transduction, such as the ubiquitin proteasome system, autophagy lysosome system, and mTOR. Considering the great economic and social burden that muscle atrophy can inflict, effective prevention and treatment strategies are essential but still limited. Exercise is widely acknowledged as the most effective therapy for skeletal muscle atrophy; unfortunately, it is not applicable for all patients. Several active substances for skeletal muscle atrophy have been discovered and evaluated in clinical trials, however, they have not been marketed to date. Knowledge is being gained on the underlying mechanisms, highlighting more promising treatment strategies in the future. In this paper, the mechanisms and treatment strategies for skeletal muscle atrophy are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Weihua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Nuoqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Meidai Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Xiuying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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Peris-Moreno D, Taillandier D, Polge C. MuRF1/TRIM63, Master Regulator of Muscle Mass. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186663. [PMID: 32933049 PMCID: PMC7555135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase MuRF1/TRIM63 was identified 20 years ago and suspected to play important roles during skeletal muscle atrophy. Since then, numerous studies have been conducted to decipher the roles, molecular mechanisms and regulation of this enzyme. This revealed that MuRF1 is an important player in the skeletal muscle atrophy process occurring during catabolic states, making MuRF1 a prime candidate for pharmacological treatments against muscle wasting. Indeed, muscle wasting is an associated event of several diseases (e.g., cancer, sepsis, diabetes, renal failure, etc.) and negatively impacts the prognosis of patients, which has stimulated the search for MuRF1 inhibitory molecules. However, studies on MuRF1 cardiac functions revealed that MuRF1 is also cardioprotective, revealing a yin and yang role of MuRF1, being detrimental in skeletal muscle and beneficial in the heart. This review discusses data obtained on MuRF1, both in skeletal and cardiac muscles, over the past 20 years, regarding the structure, the regulation, the location and the different functions identified, and the first inhibitors reported, and aim to draw the picture of what is known about MuRF1. The review also discusses important MuRF1 characteristics to consider for the design of future drugs to maintain skeletal muscle mass in patients with different pathologies.
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Guo S, Kong J, Zhou D, Lai M, Chen Y, Xie D, Wang X, Wang D. Serum metabolic characteristics and biomarkers of early-stage heart failure. Biomark Med 2020; 14:119-130. [PMID: 32057273 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to identify metabolic characteristics of early-stage heart failure (HF) and related biomarkers. Patients & methods: One hundred and forty-three patients with New York Heart Association class I-IV HF and 34 healthy controls were recruited. Serum metabolic characteristics of class I HF were analyzed and compared with those of class II-IV HF. Potential biomarkers of class I HF with normal N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level were screened and validated in additional 72 subjects (46 class I patients and 26 controls). Results & conclusion: Eleven metabolites were found disturbed in class I HF, and five of which were also disturbed in class II-IV HF. Glutamine and tyrosine showed high value to identify class I HF with normal NT-proBNP level. The diagnostic potential of glutamine was partially confirmed in the validate set, holding a promise to detect early HF with normal NT-proBNP level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Danya Zhou
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Minchao Lai
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yirun Chen
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Dezhi Xie
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | | | - Dian Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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Ilaiwy A, Ten Have GAM, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, O'Neal SK, Berthiaume JM, Parry TL, Deutz NE, Willis MS. Identification of Metabolic Changes in Ileum, Jejunum, Skeletal Muscle, Liver, and Lung in a Continuous I.V. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Model of Sepsis Using Nontargeted Metabolomics Analysis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1797-1813. [PMID: 31439155 PMCID: PMC6723233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a multiorgan disease affecting the ileum and jejunum (small intestine), liver, skeletal muscle, and lung clinically. The specific metabolic changes in the ileum, jejunum, liver, skeletal muscle, and lung have not previously been investigated. Live Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from a patient, was given via i.v. catheter to pigs to induce severe sepsis. Eighteen hours later, ileum, jejunum, medial gastrocnemius skeletal muscle, liver, and lung were analyzed by nontargeted metabolomics analysis using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The ileum and the liver demonstrated significant changes in metabolites involved in linoleic acid metabolism: the ileum and lung had significant changes in the metabolism of valine/leucine/isoleucine; the jejunum, skeletal muscle, and liver had significant changes in arginine/proline metabolism; and the skeletal muscle and lung had significant changes in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, as analyzed by pathway analysis. Pathway analysis also identified changes in metabolic pathways unique for different tissues, including changes in the citric acid cycle (jejunum), β-alanine metabolism (skeletal muscle), and purine metabolism (liver). These findings demonstrate both overlapping metabolic pathways affected in different tissues and those that are unique to others and provide insight into the metabolic changes in sepsis leading to organ dysfunction. This may allow therapeutic interventions that focus on multiple tissues or single tissues once the relationship of the altered metabolites/metabolism to the underlying pathogenesis of sepsis is determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro Ilaiwy
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gabriella A M Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - James R Bain
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sara K O'Neal
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jessica M Berthiaume
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Traci L Parry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Nicolaas E Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Editorial Commentary: Dichotomous actions of the E3-ligase Ring TRIMmers in cardiac myocytes. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2018; 29:9-11. [PMID: 30585158 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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7
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Khalil R. Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway and Muscle Atrophy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1088:235-248. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Oakley RH, Campen MJ, Paffett ML, Chen X, Wang Z, Parry TL, Hillhouse C, Cidlowski JA, Willis MS. Muscle-specific regulation of right ventricular transcriptional responses to chronic hypoxia-induced hypertrophy by the muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF1) ubiquitin ligase in mice. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:175. [PMID: 30241514 PMCID: PMC6150973 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently identified a role for the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase MuRF1 in right-sided heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension induced by chronic hypoxia (CH). MuRF1-/- mice exposed to CH are resistant to right ventricular (RV) dysfunction whereas MuRF1 Tg + mice exhibit impaired function indicative of heart failure. The present study was undertaken to understand the underlying transcriptional alterations in the RV of MuRF1-/- and MuRF1 Tg + mice. METHODS Microarray analysis was performed on RNA isolated from the RV of MuRF1-/-, MuRF1 Tg+, and wild-type control mice exposed to CH. RESULTS MuRF1-/- RV differentially expressed 590 genes in response to CH. Analysis of the top 66 genes (> 2-fold or < - 2-fold) revealed significant associations with oxidoreductase, transcription regulation, and transmembrane component annotations. The significant genes had promoters enriched for HOXD12, HOXC13, and RREB-1 protein transcription factor binding sites. MuRF1 Tg + RV differentially expressed 150 genes in response to CH. Analysis of the top 45 genes (> 3-fold or < - 3-fold) revealed significant associations with oxidoreductase-metabolic, glycoprotein-transmembrane-integral proteins, and alternative splicing/splice variant annotations. The significant genes were enriched for promoters with ZIC1 protein transcription factor binding sites. CONCLUSIONS The differentially expressed genes in MuRF1-/- and MuRF1 Tg + RV after CH have common functional annotations related to oxidoreductase (including antioxidant) and transmembrane component functions. Moreover, the functionally-enhanced MuRF1-/- hearts regulate genes related to transcription, homeobox proteins, and kinases/phosphorylation. These studies also reveal potential indirect effects of MuRF1 through regulating Rreb-1, and they reveal mechanisms by which MuRF1 may transcriptionally regulate anti-oxidant systems in the face of right heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Oakley
- Department of Health and Human Services, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Matthew J Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Michael L Paffett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhongjing Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Traci L Parry
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carolyn Hillhouse
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Department of Health and Human Services, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Monte S Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Van Nuys MS 5067, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Borlepawar A, Frey N, Rangrez AY. A systematic view on E3 ligase Ring TRIMmers with a focus on cardiac function and disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2018; 29:1-8. [PMID: 29880235 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination, a post-translational modification via ubiquitin-proteasome-system, is one of the vital cellular processes involved in intracellular signaling, cell death, transcriptional control, etc. Importantly, it prevents the aggregation of non-functional, misfolded or unfolded, potentially toxic proteins to maintain cellular protein homeostasis. Ubiquitination is accomplished by the concerted action of three enzymatic steps involving E1 activating enzymes, E2 conjugating enzymes, and E3 ligases. Tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins are one of the integral members of E3 ubiquitin ligases in metazoans modulating essential cellular pathways. For long, MuRFs (Muscle ring finger proteins) were the most extensively studied TRIMs for their cardiac function. Recent research advances in the field and our analysis presented here, however, demonstrated broader and ever increasing involvement of additional TRIM E3 ligases in the pathophysiology of heart. In this review, we summarize the known cardiac E3 ligases and their targets, and discuss their role and importance in cardiac proteostasis, pathophysiology and potential therapeutic implications with specific focus on TRIM E3 ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Borlepawar
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ashraf Yusuf Rangrez
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany.
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10
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Shantavasinkul PC, Muehlbauer MJ, Bain JR, Ilkayeva OR, Craig DM, Newgard CB, Svetkey LP, Shah SH, Torquati A. Improvement in insulin resistance after gastric bypass surgery is correlated with a decline in plasma 2-hydroxybutyric acid. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2018; 14:1126-1132. [PMID: 29805089 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric bypass surgery for weight reduction often corrects dysglycemia in diabetic patients, but a full understanding of the underlying biochemical pathways continues to be investigated. OBJECTIVES To explore the effects of weight loss by surgical and dietary interventions on plasma metabolites using both targeted and discovery-oriented metabolomics platforms. SETTING An academic medical center in the United States. METHODS Improvement in homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), as an index of insulin resistance, was compared at 6 months in 11 patients that underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass against 11 patients that were matched for weight loss in the Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM) program. Metabolites in plasma were evaluated by nontargeted gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the potential detection of >1100 biochemical markers. RESULTS Among multiple metabolites detected, 2-hydroxybutyric acid (2-HBA) declined most significantly after 6 months in comparing patients that underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with those in WLM (P < .001), corresponding with declines in HOMA-IR (P = .025). Baseline levels of 2-HBA for all patients were correlated with preintervention levels of HOMA-IR (R2 = .565, P < .001). Moreover, the changes in 2-HBA after 6 months were correlated with changes in HOMA-IR (R2 = .399, P = .0016). CONCLUSIONS Correlation between insulin resistance and 2-HBA suggests the utility of the latter as an excellent biomarker for tracking glycemic improvement, and offers further insight into the pathways that control diabetes. This is the first report of a decline in 2-HBA in response to bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - James R Bain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Damian M Craig
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Laura P Svetkey
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Svati H Shah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alfonso Torquati
- Center for Weight Loss and Bariatric Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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11
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Khalil RM, Abdo WS, Saad A, Khedr EG. Muscle proteolytic system modulation through the effect of taurine on mice bearing muscular atrophy. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 444:161-168. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Hibshman JD, Doan AE, Moore BT, Kaplan RE, Hung A, Webster AK, Bhatt DP, Chitrakar R, Hirschey MD, Baugh LR. daf-16/FoxO promotes gluconeogenesis and trehalose synthesis during starvation to support survival. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 29063832 PMCID: PMC5655125 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
daf-16/FoxO is required to survive starvation in Caenorhabditis elegans, but how daf-16IFoxO promotes starvation resistance is unclear. We show that daf-16/FoxO restructures carbohydrate metabolism by driving carbon flux through the glyoxylate shunt and gluconeogenesis and into synthesis of trehalose, a disaccharide of glucose. Trehalose is a well-known stress protectant, capable of preserving membrane organization and protein structure during abiotic stress. Metabolomic, genetic, and pharmacological analyses confirm increased trehalose synthesis and further show that trehalose not only supports survival as a stress protectant but also serves as a glycolytic input. Furthermore, we provide evidence that metabolic cycling between trehalose and glucose is necessary for this dual function of trehalose. This work demonstrates that daf-16/FoxO promotes starvation resistance by shifting carbon metabolism to drive trehalose synthesis, which in turn supports survival by providing an energy source and acting as a stress protectant. Most animals rarely have access to a constant supply of food, and so have evolved ways to cope with times of plenty and times of shortage. Insulin is a hormone that travels throughout the body to signal when an animal is well fed. Insulin signaling inhibits the activity of a protein called FoxO, which otherwise switches on and off hundreds of genes to control the starvation response. The roundworm, Caenorhabditis elegans, has been well studied in the laboratory, and often has to cope with starvation in the wild. These worms can pause their development if no food is available, or divert to a different developmental path if they anticipate that food will be short in future. As with more complex animals, the worm responds to starvation by reducing insulin-like signaling, which in turn activates a FoxO protein called daf-16. When the worms stop feeding, daf-16 is switched on, which is crucial for survival. It was known how daf-16 stops the roundworm’s development, but it was not known how it helps the worms to survive starvation. Now, Hibshman et al. have compared normal roundworm larvae to larvae that are missing the gene for daf-16 to determine how this protein influences the roundworm’s ability to survive starvation. The worms were examined with and without food, to look for which genes were switched on and off by daf-16 during starvation. This revealed that daf-16 controls metabolism, activating a metabolic shortcut that makes the worms produce glucose and begin turning it into another type of sugar, called trehalose. This sugar usually promotes survival in conditions where water is limiting, like dehydration and high salt, but it can also be broken down to release energy. The levels of trehalose in the worms rose within hours of the onset of starvation. To confirm the importance of trehalose in surviving starvation, roundworms with mutations in genes involved in glucose or trehalose production were examined, as was the effect of giving starving worms glucose or trehalose. Disrupting the production of sugars caused the worms to die sooner of starvation, while supplementing with sugar had the opposite effect meaning the worms survived for longer. Taken together, these findings reveal that daf-16 protects against starvation by shifting metabolism towards the production of trehalose. This helps worms to survive by both protecting them from stress and providing them with a source of energy. These findings not only extend the current understanding of how animals respond to starvation, but could also lead to improved understanding of diseases where this response goes wrong, including diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Hibshman
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States.,University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | | | - Brad T Moore
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Rebecca Ew Kaplan
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States.,University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Anthony Hung
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Amy K Webster
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States.,University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Dhaval P Bhatt
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Rojin Chitrakar
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, United States.,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, United States.,Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - L Ryan Baugh
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States.,University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, United States
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13
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Brown DI, Parry TL, Willis MS. Ubiquitin Ligases and Posttranslational Regulation of Energy in the Heart: The Hand that Feeds. Compr Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28640445 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a costly and deadly syndrome characterized by the reduced capacity of the heart to adequately provide systemic blood flow. Mounting evidence implicates pathological changes in cardiac energy metabolism as a contributing factor in the development of HF. While the main source of fuel in the healthy heart is the oxidation of fatty acids, in the failing heart the less energy efficient glucose and glycogen metabolism are upregulated. The ubiquitin proteasome system plays a key role in regulating metabolism via protein-degradation/regulation of autophagy and regulating metabolism-related transcription and cell signaling processes. In this review, we discuss recent research that describes the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in regulating metabolism in the context of HF. We focus on ubiquitin ligases (E3s), the component of the UPS that confers substrate specificity, and detail the current understanding of how these E3s contribute to cardiac pathology and metabolism. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:841-862, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Brown
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Traci L Parry
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Monte S Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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14
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Parry TL, Willis MS. Cardiac ubiquitin ligases: Their role in cardiac metabolism, autophagy, cardioprotection and therapeutic potential. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1862:2259-2269. [PMID: 27421947 PMCID: PMC5159290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Both the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the lysosomal autophagy system have emerged as complementary key players responsible for the turnover of cellular proteins. The regulation of protein turnover is critical to cardiomyocytes as post-mitotic cells with very limited regenerative capacity. In this focused review, we describe the emerging interface between the UPS and autophagy, with E3's regulating autophagy at two critical points through multiple mechanisms. Moreover, we discuss recent insights in how both the UPS and autophagy can alter metabolism at various levels, to present new ways to think about therapeutically regulating autophagy in a focused manner to optimize disease-specific cardioprotection, without harming the overall homeostasis of protein quality control. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The role of post-translational protein modifications on heart and vascular metabolism edited by Jason R.B. Dyck & Jan F.C. Glatz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci L Parry
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Monte S Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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15
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Quintana MT, Parry TL, He J, Yates CC, Sidorova TN, Murray KT, Bain JR, Newgard CB, Muehlbauer MJ, Eaton SC, Hishiya A, Takayama S, Willis MS. Cardiomyocyte-Specific Human Bcl2-Associated Anthanogene 3 P209L Expression Induces Mitochondrial Fragmentation, Bcl2-Associated Anthanogene 3 Haploinsufficiency, and Activates p38 Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1989-2007. [PMID: 27321750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Bcl2-associated anthanogene (BAG) 3 protein is a member of the BAG family of cochaperones, which supports multiple critical cellular processes, including critical structural roles supporting desmin and interactions with heat shock proteins and ubiquitin ligases intimately involved in protein quality control. The missense mutation P209L in exon 3 results in a primarily cardiac phenotype leading to skeletal muscle and cardiac complications. At least 10 other Bag3 mutations have been reported, nine resulting in a dilated cardiomyopathy for which no specific therapy is available. We generated αMHC-human Bag3 P209L transgenic mice and characterized the progressive cardiac phenotype in vivo to investigate its utility in modeling human disease, understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, and identify potential therapeutic targets. We identified a progressive heart failure by echocardiography and Doppler analysis and the presence of pre-amyloid oligomers at 1 year. Paralleling the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (eg, Parkinson disease), pre-amyloid oligomers-associated alterations in cardiac mitochondrial dynamics, haploinsufficiency of wild-type BAG3, and activation of p38 signaling were identified. Unexpectedly, increased numbers of activated cardiac fibroblasts were identified in Bag3 P209L Tg+ hearts without increased fibrosis. Together, these findings point to a previously undescribed therapeutic target that may have application to mutation-induced myofibrillar myopathies as well as other common causes of heart failure that commonly harbor misfolded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan T Quintana
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Traci L Parry
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jun He
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Cecelia C Yates
- Department of Health Promotions and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tatiana N Sidorova
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Katherine T Murray
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James R Bain
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Samuel C Eaton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Shin Takayama
- Department of Pathology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Monte S Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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16
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Wadosky KM, Berthiaume JM, Tang W, Zungu M, Portman MA, Gerdes AM, Willis MS. MuRF1 mono-ubiquitinates TRα to inhibit T3-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 56:273-90. [PMID: 26862156 PMCID: PMC5453669 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) is recognized for its role in cellular metabolism and growth and participates in homeostasis of the heart. T3 activates pro-survival pathways including Akt and mTOR. Treatment with T3 after myocardial infarction is cardioprotective and promotes elements of physiological hypertrophic response after cardiac injury. Although T3 is known to benefit the heart, very little about its regulation at the molecular level has been described to date. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) regulates nuclear hormone receptors such as estrogen, progesterone, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptors by both degradatory and non-degradatory mechanisms. However, how the UPS regulates T3-mediated activity is not well understood. In this study, we aim to determine the role of the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF1) in regulating T3-induced cardiomyocyte growth. An increase in MuRF1 expression inhibits T3-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy, whereas a decrease in MuRF1 expression enhances T3's activity both in vitro and in cardiomyocytes in vivo MuRF1 interacts directly with TRα to inhibit its activity by posttranslational ubiquitination in a non-canonical manner. We then demonstrated that a nuclear localization apparatus that regulates/inhibits nuclear receptors by sequestering them within a subcompartment of the nucleus was necessary for MuRF1 to inhibit T3 activity. This work implicates a novel mechanism that enhances the beneficial T3 activity specifically within the heart, thereby offering a potential target to enhance cardiac T3 activity in an organ-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M Wadosky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jessica M Berthiaume
- Department of Physiology & BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Makhosi Zungu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Portman
- Department of PediatricsCenter for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Martin Gerdes
- New York Institute of TechnologyCollege of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA McAllister Heart InstituteUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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17
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He J, Quintana MT, Sullivan J, L Parry T, J Grevengoed T, Schisler JC, Hill JA, Yates CC, Mapanga RF, Essop MF, Stansfield WE, Bain JR, Newgard CB, Muehlbauer MJ, Han Y, Clarke BA, Willis MS. MuRF2 regulates PPARγ1 activity to protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy and enhance weight gain induced by a high fat diet. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:97. [PMID: 26242235 PMCID: PMC4526192 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In diabetes mellitus the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease is increased and represents an important independent mechanism by which heart disease is exacerbated. The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy involves the enhanced activation of PPAR transcription factors, including PPARα, and to a lesser degree PPARβ and PPARγ1. How these transcription factors are regulated in the heart is largely unknown. Recent studies have described post-translational ubiquitination of PPARs as ways in which PPAR activity is inhibited in cancer. However, specific mechanisms in the heart have not previously been described. Recent studies have implicated the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-2 (MuRF2) in inhibiting the nuclear transcription factor SRF. Initial studies of MuRF2-/- hearts revealed enhanced PPAR activity, leading to the hypothesis that MuRF2 regulates PPAR activity by post-translational ubiquitination. METHODS MuRF2-/- mice were challenged with a 26-week 60% fat diet designed to simulate obesity-mediated insulin resistance and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mice were followed by conscious echocardiography, blood glucose, tissue triglyceride, glycogen levels, immunoblot analysis of intracellular signaling, heart and skeletal muscle morphometrics, and PPARα, PPARβ, and PPARγ1-regulated mRNA expression. RESULTS MuRF2 protein levels increase ~20% during the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy induced by high fat diet. Compared to littermate wildtype hearts, MuRF2-/- hearts exhibit an exaggerated diabetic cardiomyopathy, characterized by an early onset systolic dysfunction, larger left ventricular mass, and higher heart weight. MuRF2-/- hearts had significantly increased PPARα- and PPARγ1-regulated gene expression by RT-qPCR, consistent with MuRF2's regulation of these transcription factors in vivo. Mechanistically, MuRF2 mono-ubiquitinated PPARα and PPARγ1 in vitro, consistent with its non-degradatory role in diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, increasing MuRF2:PPARγ1 (>5:1) beyond physiological levels drove poly-ubiquitin-mediated degradation of PPARγ1 in vitro, indicating large MuRF2 increases may lead to PPAR degradation if found in other disease states. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in MuRF2 have been described to contribute to the severity of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The present study suggests that the lack of MuRF2, as found in these patients, can result in an exaggerated diabetic cardiomyopathy. These studies also identify MuRF2 as the first ubiquitin ligase to regulate cardiac PPARα and PPARγ1 activities in vivo via post-translational modification without degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Road, MBRB 2340B, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
| | - Megan T Quintana
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jenyth Sullivan
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Traci L Parry
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Road, MBRB 2340B, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Trisha J Grevengoed
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jonathan C Schisler
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Road, MBRB 2340B, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Cecelia C Yates
- Department of Health Promotions and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Rudo F Mapanga
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| | - M Faadiel Essop
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| | | | - James R Bain
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Yipin Han
- East Chapel Hill High School, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Brian A Clarke
- Novartis, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., 400 Technology Square, Boston, MA, 601-4214, USA.
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Road, MBRB 2340B, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Road, MBRB 2340B, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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18
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Quintana MT, He J, Sullivan J, Grevengoed T, Schisler J, Han Y, Hill JA, Yates CC, Stansfield WE, Mapanga RF, Essop MF, Muehlbauer MJ, Newgard CB, Bain JR, Willis MS. Muscle ring finger-3 protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy induced by a high fat diet. BMC Endocr Disord 2015; 15:36. [PMID: 26215257 PMCID: PMC4515942 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-015-0028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) involves the enhanced activation of peroxisome proliferator activating receptor (PPAR) transcription factors, including the most prominent isoform in the heart, PPARα. In cancer cells and adipocytes, post-translational modification of PPARs have been identified, including ligand-dependent degradation of PPARs by specific ubiquitin ligases. However, the regulation of PPARs in cardiomyocytes and heart have not previously been identified. We recently identified that muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF1) and MuRF2 differentially inhibit PPAR activities by mono-ubiquitination, leading to the hypothesis that MuRF3 may regulate PPAR activity in vivo to regulate DCM. METHODS MuRF3-/- mice were challenged with 26 weeks 60% high fat diet to induce insulin resistance and DCM. Conscious echocardiography, blood glucose, tissue triglyceride, glycogen levels, immunoblot analysis of intracellular signaling, heart and skeletal muscle morphometrics, and PPARα, PPARβ, and PPARγ1 activities were assayed. RESULTS MuRF3-/- mice exhibited a premature systolic heart failure by 6 weeks high fat diet (vs. 12 weeks in MuRF3+/+). MuRF3-/- mice weighed significantly less than sibling-matched wildtype mice after 26 weeks HFD. These differences may be largely due to resistance to fat accumulation, as MRI analysis revealed MuRF3-/- mice had significantly less fat mass, but not lean body mass. In vitro ubiquitination assays identified MuRF3 mono-ubiquitinated PPARα and PPARγ1, but not PPARβ. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that MuRF3 helps stabilize cardiac PPARα and PPARγ1 in vivo to support resistance to the development of DCM. MuRF3 also plays an unexpected role in regulating fat storage despite being found only in striated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan T Quintana
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jun He
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jenyth Sullivan
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Trisha Grevengoed
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jonathan Schisler
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Yipin Han
- North Carolina State University, Department of Engineering, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Cecelia C Yates
- Department of Health Promotions and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | - Rudo F Mapanga
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| | - M Faadiel Essop
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - James R Bain
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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