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Pandey B, Dubey SK. Delineating acetaminophen biodegradation kinetics and metabolomics using bacterial community. Biodegradation 2024; 35:951-967. [PMID: 39001976 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-024-10090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Acetaminophen [N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide, APAP] is an extensively and frequently consumed over-the-counter analgesic and antiphlogistic medication. It is being regarded as an emerging pollutant due to its continuous increment in the environment instigating inimical impacts on humans and the ecosystem. Considering its wide prevalence in the environment, there is an immense need of appropriate methods for the removal of APAP. The present study indulged screening and isolation of APAP degrading bacterial strains from pharmaceuticals-contaminated sites, followed by their molecular characterization via 16S rRNA sequencing. The phylogenetic analyses assigned the isolates to the genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Paracoccus, Agrobacterium, Brucella, Escherichia, and Enterobacter based on genetic relatedness. The efficacy of these strains in batch cultures tested through High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) revealed Paracoccus sp. and Enterobacter sp. as the most promising bacterial isolates degrading up to 88.96 and 85.92%, respectively of 300 mg L-1 of APAP within 8 days of incubation. Michaelis-Menten kinetics model parameters also elucidated the high degradation potential of these isolates. The major metabolites identified through FTIR and GC-MS analyses were 4-aminophenol, hydroquinone, and 3-hydroxy-2,4-hexadienedioic. Therefore, the outcomes of this comprehensive investigation will be of paramount significance in formulating strategies for the bioremediation of acetaminophen-contaminated sites through a natural augmentation process via native bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Pandey
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Dubey
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Diogo BS, Rodrigues S, Golovko O, Antunes SC. From bacteria to fish: ecotoxicological insights into sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:52233-52252. [PMID: 39138731 PMCID: PMC11374860 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TRIM) are two of the most used antibiotics in the last 50 years, to prevent and treat bacterial infections; however, the available literature about toxicity to non-target organisms is quite discrepant and incomplete. This study aims to assess the SMX and TRIM ecotoxicological effects in standard species: Aliivibrio fischeri (bioluminescence inhibition), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (growth inhibition), Lemna minor (growth inhibition and biochemical biomarkers), Daphnia magna (immobilization/mortality, life history traits, and biochemical biomarkers), and Danio rerio (survival, hatching, abnormalities, and biochemical biomarkers). The species tested showed different acute sensitivities to SMX (A. fischeri < D. magna < E. coli < L. minor) and TRIM (L. minor < A. fischeri < D. magna < E. coli). Overall, TRIM reveals less toxicity than SMX, except for E. coli (Ecotoxicological approach based on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing - EcoAST procedure). Both antibiotics affect individually (e.g., growth and survival) and sub-individually (e.g., antioxidant defenses) L. minor, D. magna, and D. rerio. This study allowed us to generate relevant data and fill gaps in the literature regarding the effects of SMX and TRIM in aquatic organisms. The here-obtained results can be used to (i) complete and re-evaluate the Safety Data Sheet to improve the assessment of environmental safety and management of national and international entities; (ii) clarify the environmental risks of these antibiotics in aquatic ecosystems reinforcing the inclusion in the 4th Watch List of priority substances to be monitored in whole inland waters by the Water Framework Directive; and (iii) combat the development of antimicrobial resistance, as well as supporting the definition of environmental measurements in the context of European One Health Action Plan. However, it is essential to continue studying these antibiotics to better understand their toxicity at ecologically relevant concentrations and their long-term effects under different climatic change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara S Diogo
- ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- FCUP, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Rodrigues
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- FCUP, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara C Antunes
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- FCUP, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Narayan A, Diogo BS, Mansilha C, Espinha Marques J, Flores D, Antunes SC. Assessment of ecotoxicological effects of Fojo coal mine waste elutriate in aquatic species (Douro Coalfield, North Portugal). FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 6:1334169. [PMID: 38465195 PMCID: PMC10920227 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1334169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The exploitation of anthracite A in the Pejão mining complex (Douro Coalfield, North Portugal) resulted in the formation of several coal waste piles without proper environmental control. In 2017, a new pedological zonation emerged in the Fojo area, after the ignition and self-burning of some of the coal waste piles, namely: unburned coal waste (UW); burned coal waste, and a cover layer (BW and CL, respectively); uphill soil (US); mixed burned coal waste (MBW); downhill soil (DS). This study aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of 25 soil elutriates from different pedological materials. Methods: Allivibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition assay, Lemna minor growth inhibition assay, and Daphnia magna acute assay were used to assess the toxicity effects. Additionally, total chlorophyll and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and catalase (CAT) activity were also evaluated in L. minor. Results and Discussion: The results obtained from each endpoint demonstrated the extremely heterogeneous nature of soil properties, and the species showed different sensibilities to soil elutriates, however, in general, the species showed the same sensitivity trend (A. fischeri > L. minor > D. magna). The potentially toxic elements (PTE) present in the soil elutriates (e.g., Al, Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn) affected significantly the species understudy. All elutriates revealed toxicity for A. fischeri, while US1 and UW5 were the most toxic for L. minor (growth inhibition and significant alterations in CAT activity) and D. magna (100% mortality). This study highlights the importance of studying soil aqueous phase toxicity since the mobilization and percolation of bioavailable PTE can cause environmental impacts on aquatic ecosystems and biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aracelis Narayan
- Instituto de Ciências da Terra, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Geociências, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Território, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara S. Diogo
- Instituto Ciências Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Catarina Mansilha
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Espinha Marques
- Instituto de Ciências da Terra, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Geociências, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Território, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Flores
- Instituto de Ciências da Terra, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Geociências, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Território, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C. Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
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Zezulka Š, Kummerová M, Šmeringai J, Babula P, Tříska J. Ambiguous changes in photosynthetic parameters of Lemna minor L. after short-term exposure to naproxen and paracetamol: Can the risk be ignored? AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 259:106537. [PMID: 37060818 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are recently monitored in the aquatic environment. Naproxen (NPX), paracetamol (PCT) and their transformation products can influence the biochemical and physiological processes at the sub-cellular and cellular levels taking part in the growth and development of plants. This study aimed to compare the effects of NPX and PCT, drugs with different physico-chemical properties, on the growth and photosynthetic processes in Lemna minor during a short-term (7 days) exposure. Although duckweed took up more than five times higher amount of PCT as compared to NPX (275.88 µg/g dry weight to 43.22 µg/g when treated with 10 mg/L), only NPX limited the number of new plants by 9% and 26% under 1 and 10 mg/L, respectively, and increased their dry weight (by 18% under 10 mg/L) and leaf area per plant. A considerable (by 30%) drop in the content of photosynthetic pigments under 10 mg/L treatment by both drugs did not significantly affect the efficiency of the primary processes of photosynthesis. Values of induced chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (F0, FV/FM, ΦII, and NPQ) showed just a mild stimulation by PCT and a negative effect by NPX (by up to 10%), especially on the function of photosystem II and electron transport in both intact duckweed plants and isolated chloroplasts. Lowered efficiency of Hill reaction activity (by more than 10% under 0.1 - 10 mg/L treatments) in isolated chloroplasts suspension proved the only inhibition effect of PCT to primary photosynthetic processes. In intact plants, higher treatments (0.5 - 10 mg/L) by both NPX and PCT induced an increase in RuBisCO content. The results prove that the potential effect of various drugs on plants is hard to generalise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štěpán Zezulka
- Institute of Experimental Biology - Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Kotlářská 2, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Kummerová
- Institute of Experimental Biology - Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Kotlářská 2, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Šmeringai
- Plant Sciences Core Facility, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) at Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Dep. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tříska
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Isotope Analyses, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
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Herrera-Domínguez M, Lim K, Aguilar-Hernández I, García-García A, Minteer SD, Ornelas-Soto N, Garcia-Morales R. Detection of Acetaminophen in Groundwater by Laccase-Based Amperometric Biosensors Using MoS 2 Modified Carbon Paper Electrodes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4633. [PMID: 37430547 PMCID: PMC10222279 DOI: 10.3390/s23104633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of enzyme-based biosensors for the detection and quantification of analytes of interest such as contaminants of emerging concern, including over-the-counter medication, provides an attractive alternative compared to more established techniques. However, their direct application to real environmental matrices is still under investigation due to the various drawbacks in their implementation. Here, we report the development of bioelectrodes using laccase enzymes immobilized onto carbon paper electrodes modified with nanostructured molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). The laccase enzymes were two isoforms (LacI and LacII) produced and purified from the fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus CS43 that is native to Mexico. A commercial purified enzyme from the fungus Trametes versicolor (TvL) was also evaluated to compare their performance. The developed bioelectrodes were used in the biosensing of acetaminophen, a drug widely used to relieve fever and pain, and of which there is recent concern about its effect on the environment after its final disposal. The use of MoS2 as a transducer modifier was evaluated, and it was found that the best detection was achieved using a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Moreover, it was found that the laccase with the best biosensing efficiency was LacII, which achieved an LOD of 0.2 µM and a sensitivity of 0.108 µA/µM cm2 in the buffer matrix. Moreover, the performance of the bioelectrodes in a composite groundwater sample from Northeast Mexico was analyzed, achieving an LOD of 0.5 µM and a sensitivity of 0.015 µA/µM cm2. The LOD values found are among the lowest reported for biosensors based on the use of oxidoreductase enzymes, while the sensitivity is the highest currently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Herrera-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Ambiental, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Koun Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Iris Aguilar-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Ambiental, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Alejandra García-García
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Modificación de Nanoestructuras y Materiales Bidimensionales, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C., Unidad Monterrey, Parque PIIT, Apodaca 66628, NL, Mexico
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nancy Ornelas-Soto
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Ambiental, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Raúl Garcia-Morales
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada Km. 107, Ensenada 22860, BC, Mexico
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Accumulation of Proline in Plants under Contaminated Soils—Are We on the Same Page? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030666. [PMID: 36978914 PMCID: PMC10045403 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural soil degradation is occurring at unprecedented rates, not only as an indirect effect of climate change (CC) but also due to intensified agricultural practices which affect soil properties and biodiversity. Therefore, understanding the impacts of CC and soil degradation on plant physiology is crucial for the sustainable development of mitigation strategies to prevent crop productivity losses. The amino acid proline has long been recognized for playing distinct roles in plant cells undergoing osmotic stress. Due to its osmoprotectant and redox-buffering ability, a positive correlation between proline accumulation and plants’ tolerance to abiotic stress has been pointed out in numerous reviews. Indeed, proline quantification is used systematically by plant physiologists as an indicator of the degree of tolerance and a measurement of the antioxidant potential in plants under stressful conditions. Moreover, the exogenous application of proline has been shown to increase resilience to several stress factors, including those related to soil degradation such as salinity and exposure to metals and xenobiotics. However, recent data from several studies often refer to proline accumulation as a signal of stress sensitivity with no clear correlation with improved antioxidant activity or higher stress tolerance, including when proline is used exogenously as a stress reliever. Nevertheless, endogenous proline levels are strongly modified by these stresses, proving its involvement in plant responses. Hence, one main question arises—is proline augmentation always a sign of improved stress resilience? From this perspective, the present review aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the implications of proline accumulation in plants under abiotic stress induced by soil degradation factors, reinforcing the idea that proline quantification should not be employed as a sole indicator of stress sensitivity or resilience but rather complemented with further biochemical and physiological endpoints.
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Qutob M, Doğan Ş, Rafatullah M. Heterogeneous Activation of Persulfate by Activated Carbon for Efficient Acetaminophen Degradation: Mechanism, Kinetics, Mineralization, and Density Functional Theory. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Qutob
- Environmental Technology Division School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Penang 11800 Malaysia
| | - Şifa Doğan
- Cyprus International University Faculty of Engineering Department of Environmental Engineering, Nicosia Northern Cyprus, Mersin 10 Turkey
| | - Mohd Rafatullah
- Environmental Technology Division School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Penang 11800 Malaysia
- Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Penang 11800 Malaysia
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Rodrigues S, Pinto I, Martins F, Formigo N, Antunes SC. An ecotoxicological approach can complement the assessment of natural waters from Portuguese reservoirs? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:52147-52161. [PMID: 35260979 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Within the scope of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD), the scientific community recognized clear opportunities to take advantage of the use of ecotoxicological tools in water quality assessments. In this perspective, bioassays and biomarkers were suggested to contribute to the integration of the chemical and biological conditions, and thus to provide an overall insight into the quality of a water body. This study aimed to assess whether current bioassays as feeding rate assays with Daphnia longispina and growth inhibition assays with Lemna minor are suitable to detect potential ecotoxicity, using waters from Portuguese reservoirs. Several sampling sites were defined in reservoirs (Miranda, Pocinho, and Alqueva). The samplings were conducted in autumn of 2018 and spring of 2019. Total chlorophyll, lipid peroxidation, and proline content were also evaluated in L. minor. Results demonstrated that D. longispina showed some sensitivity to water treatments; however, the results were difficult to interpret since no reason or trend can be accurate. All parameters of L. minor did not show sensitivity to detect potential ecotoxicological risks associated with natural water understudy, since no discrimination among the water treatments was recorded. However, biomarkers/bioassays proved to be concordant to each other. Under the conditions evaluated here (reservoirs and sampling periods), the biological responses observed were not consistent, clear, and coherent with the physical-chemical parameters and chemical analyses performed, suggesting that the ecotoxicological tools selected were not sensitive to assess water quality in this type of ecosystems. In this sense, species of different trophic levels are recommended for ecotoxicological analyses due to differences in species sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade Do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Ivo Pinto
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade Do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Fábio Martins
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade Do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Nuno Formigo
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Cristina Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade Do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
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Qutob M, Hussein MA, Alamry KA, Rafatullah M. A review on the degradation of acetaminophen by advanced oxidation process: pathway, by-products, biotoxicity, and density functional theory calculation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18373-18396. [PMID: 35799916 PMCID: PMC9214717 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02469a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Water scarcity and the accumulation of recalcitrance compounds into the environment are the main reasons behind the attraction of researchers to use advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Many AOP systems have been used to treat acetaminophen (ACT) from an aqueous medium, which leads to generating different kinetics, mechanisms, and by-products. In this work, state-of-the-art studies on ACT by-products and their biotoxicity, as well as proposed degradation pathways, have been collected, organized, and summarized. In addition, the Fukui function was used for predicting the most reactive sites in the ACT molecule. The most frequently detected by-products in this review were hydroquinone, 1,4-benzoquinone, 4-aminophenol, acetamide, oxalic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, 1,2,4-trihydroxy benzene, and maleic acid. Both the experimental and prediction tests revealed that N-(3,4-dihydroxy phenyl) acetamide was mutagenic. Meanwhile, N-(2,4-dihydroxy phenyl) acetamide and malonic acid were only found to be mutagenic in the prediction test. The findings of the LC50 (96 h) test revealed that benzaldehyde is the most toxic ACT by-products and hydroquinone, N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)formamide, 4-methylbenzene-1,2-diol, benzoquinone, 4-aminophenol, benzoic acid, 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, 4-nitrophenol, and 4-aminobenzene-1,2-diol considered harmful. The release of them into the environment without treatment may threaten the ecosystem. The degradation pathway based on the computational method was matched with the majority of ACT proposed pathways and with the most frequent ACT by-products. This study may contribute to enhance the degradation of ACT by AOP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Qutob
- Division of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Penang Malaysia
| | - Mahmoud A Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alamry
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Rafatullah
- Division of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Penang Malaysia
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Ecotoxicological Consequences of the Abatement of Contaminants of Emerging Concern by Ozonation—Does Mixture Complexity Matter? WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ozonation has been used to degrade persistent water contaminants, namely, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). However, ozonation can lead to by-products that can be more toxic than the parent compounds. This work aims to assess whether the ecotoxicological effects of ozonation are modified as the initial matrix being treated increases in complexity, considering mixtures of 2, 3, 4 and 5 PPCPs. The following PPCPs were used: two parabens (metylparaben (MP) and propylparaben (PP)), paracetamol (PCT), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and carbamazepine (CBZ). The following model species were used to assess toxicity: the crustacean Daphnia magna, the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata, the macrophyte Lemna minor and the watercress Lepidium sativum. There was a trend of increased toxicity with increasing mixture complexity of the untreated samples, except for D. magna. The same was observed after ozonation with the exception of the mixture MP+PP, which showed high toxicity to all the tested species, namely 100% immobilization of D. magna. The toxicity of SMX to the primary producers decreased pronouncedly after ozonation, except for L. minor. This study highlights the importance of considering the complexity of the matrix being treated and of using an ecotoxicological test battery with a wide diversity of species for assessing ozonation efficiency.
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Environmental protection by the adsorptive elimination of acetaminophen from water: A comprehensive review. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ikebe Otomo J, Araujo de Jesus T, Gomes Coelho LH, Rebelo Monteiro L, Hunter C, Helwig K, Roberts J, Pahl O. Effect of eight common Brazilian drugs on Lemna minor and Salvinia auriculata growth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43747-43762. [PMID: 33837946 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The growth of two species of macrophytes (Lemna minor and Salvinia auriculata) under the effect of a mixture of amoxicillin, caffeine, carbamazepine, dipyrone, ibuprofen, losartan, omeprazole, and tenivastatin was investigated by bioassay. Three concentration levels were utilized in this study (10, 200, and 500 μg L-1) using a growth inhibition test based on the OECD 221/2006 guidelines. The frond number, total area, and chlorophyll a level were selected as suitable end points. For L. minor, at all concentrations, a significant difference in the total frond number was observed and the growth inhibition varied from 30 to 70% at the low and high concentrations, respectively. No significant growth change was observed to S. auriculata exposed to the mixture of drugs. Thus, individual drug tests were performed for L. minor which demonstrated stimulation in growth, when exposed to most drugs individually, except tenivastatin which was identified as the drug responsible for the significant growth inhibition seen in the mixture. The L. minor enhanced growth was probably caused by N molecule transformation to ammonium and nitrate, essential nutrients for plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Ikebe Otomo
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Tatiane Araujo de Jesus
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Gomes Coelho
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucilena Rebelo Monteiro
- Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente, IPEN - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Lineu Prestes 2242, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Colin Hunter
- School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Karin Helwig
- School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Joanne Roberts
- School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Ole Pahl
- School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
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13
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Nogueira AF, Nunes B. Effects of paracetamol on the polychaete Hediste diversicolor: occurrence of oxidative stress, cyclooxygenase inhibition and behavioural alterations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26772-26783. [PMID: 33496946 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are significant environmental stressors, since they are utilized around the world; they are usually released in to the aquatic system without adequate treatment and several non-target species can be harmed because of their intrinsic properties. Paracetamol is one of the most widely prescribed analgesics in human medical care. Consequently, this compound is systematically reported to occur in the wild, where it may exert toxic effects on non-target species, which are mostly uncharacterized so far. The objective of the present work was to assess the acute (control, 5, 25, 125, 625 and 3125 μg/L) and chronic (control, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/L) effects of paracetamol on behavioural endpoints, as well as on selected oxidative stress biomarkers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRed)] and the anti-inflammatory activity biomarker cyclooxygenase (COX), in the polychaete Hediste diversicolor (Annelida: Polychaeta). Exposure to paracetamol caused effects on behavioural traits, with increased burrowing time (96 h) and hypoactivity (28 days). In addition, exposure to paracetamol resulted also in significant increases of SOD activity, but only for intermediate levels of exposure, but for both acute and chronic exposures. Both forms of GPx had their activities significantly increased, especially after chronic exposure. Acutely exposed organisms had their GRed significantly decreased, while chronically exposed worms had their GRed activity augmented only for the lowest tested concentrations. Effects were also observed in terms of COX activity, showing that paracetamol absorption occurred and caused an inhibition of COX activity in both exposure regimes. It is possible to conclude that the exposure to concentrations of paracetamol close to the ones in the environment may be deleterious to marine ecosystems, endangering marine life by changing their overall redox balance, and the biochemical control of inflammatory intermediaries. Behaviour was also modified and the burrowing capacity was adversely affected. This set of effects clearly demonstrate that paracetamol exposure, under realistic conditions, it not exempt of adverse effects on marine invertebrates, such as polychaetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Nogueira
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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14
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Pinto I, Rodrigues S, Lage OM, Antunes SC. Assessment of water quality in Aguieira reservoir: Ecotoxicological tools in addition to the Water Framework Directive. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111583. [PMID: 33396106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To assess the ecological potential (EP), the Water Framework Directive (WFD) uses specific parameters but ignores ecosystem functioning and individual/subindividual biological responses. The heavily modified water bodies (reservoirs) are strongly influenced by human activities that promote their imbalance, with a loss or compromise the biodiversity and the functioning of these ecosystems. This work aims to determinate the EP according physical, chemical and biological parameters of WFD and evaluate the functionality and sensitivity of ecotoxicological tools in the evaluation of water quality of Aguieira reservoir. Four sampling sites were defined in Aguieira reservoir and sampling was conducted in autumn 2018, spring and autumn 2019. WFD showed overall that Aguieira reservoir presented moderate EP. The autumn samples and the two reservoir upstream sites had the worst classification. These results were complemented by a set of ecotoxicological assays (growth inhibition of Raphidocelis subcapitata and Spirodela polyrhiza, and feeding rate of Daphnia longispina) using three natural water treatments. R. subcapitata was the most sensitive species, indicating the presence of a risk that is not detected by chemical analysis, nor by organisms of different trophic levels. D. longispina only showed sensitivity in A3 and A4 in autumn, however this results was difficult to interpret since no reason can be observed to respond the F1 lower feeding rate observed in almost sites. S. polyrhiza, as well as the total chlorophyll, lipid peroxidation, and proline content did not show sensitivity, since no discrimination among the water treatments were recorded. The relevance of bioassays is associated with the fact that an integrated response to a complex mixture can be obtained, which can contain more substances than the measured ones. Thus, we may conclude that WFD are insufficient to draw conclusions about water quality, and the growth inhibition of Raphidocelis subcapitata assay is an important parameter to complement the WFD. In addition, species of different trophic levels are recommended for ecotoxicological analyses due to differences in species sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Pinto
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - S Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - O M Lage
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - S C Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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15
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Bagheri M, He X, Oustriere N, Liu W, Shi H, Limmer MA, Burken JG. Investigating plant uptake of organic contaminants through transpiration stream concentration factor and neural network models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141418. [PMID: 33181989 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of seven organic contaminants including bisphenol A, estriol, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), carbamazepine, acetaminophen, and lincomycin by tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was measured. The plants were grown in a growth chamber under recommended conditions and dosed by these chemicals for 19 days. The plant samples (stem transpiration stream) and solution in the exposure media were taken to measure transpiration stream concentration factor (TSCF). The plant samples were analyzed by a freeze-thaw centrifugation technique followed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection. Measured average TSCF values were used to test a neural network (NN) model previously developed for predicting plant uptake based on physicochemical properties. The results indicated that moderately hydrophobic compounds including carbamazepine and lincomycin have average TSCF values of 0.43 and 0.79, respectively. The average uptake of DEET, estriol, acetaminophen, and bisphenol A was also measured as 0.34, 0.29, 0.22, and 0.1, respectively. The 2,4-dinitrotoluene was not detected in the stem transpiration stream and it was shown to degrade in the root zone. Based on these results together with plant physiology measurements, we concluded that physicochemical properties of the chemicals did predict uptake, however, the role of other factors should be considered in the prediction of TSCF. While NN model could predict TSCF based on physicochemical properties with acceptable accuracies (mean squared error less than 0.25), the results for 2,4-dinitrotoluene and other compounds confirm the needs for considering other parameters related to both chemicals (stability) and plant species (role of lipids, lignin, and cellulose).
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Bagheri
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Xiaolong He
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Nadege Oustriere
- Laboratoire Génie Civil Et Géoenvironnement (LGCgE), Yncréa Hauts-De-France, Institut Supérieur Agriculture, 48 Boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Wenyan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Honglan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Matt A Limmer
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Joel G Burken
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
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16
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Calvo OC, Quaglia G, Mohiley A, Cesarini M, Fangmeier A. Assessing potential aquatic toxicity of airport runoff using physicochemical parameters and Lemna gibba and Aliivibrio fischeri bioassays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:40604-40617. [PMID: 32671701 PMCID: PMC8275521 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09848-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A critical problem derived from airport operations is the environmental impact of runoff water. Airport runoff includes a complex mixture of pollutants, e.g., from deicing agents, that may affect negatively natural water bodies. This study assesses the spatial and temporal aquatic ecotoxicity of runoff water and possible aeroplane drift in a German airport. Over winter 2012-2013, from November to May, water samples were collected within the airport and surrounding area. These samples were analyzed using traditional physicochemical analysis and biotests with two aquatic organisms from different trophic levels, Lemna gibba and Aliivibrio fischeri. Overall, the samples examined in this study were relatively non-toxic to the tested organisms. The physicochemical parameters were mainly influenced by the sampling period being higher in colder months. In contrast, the ecotoxicity was influenced by the sampling site. For sites within the airport, a high correlation between the physicochemical parameters (EC and TOC) and toxicity in L. gibba was found. These correlations were not evident in samples taken outside the airport or when A. fischeri was used as a bioindicator. However, a pronounced seasonality has been observed, linked to the coldest months with average inhibition values of 50% in L. gibba and 25% in A. fischeri, particularly in January. Both biotests yielded differing results; therefore, more biotests should be included. However, L. gibba showed a good response with this type of water samples to be included in future studies together with detailed chemical analysis. The present study provides data to assess the potential ecotoxicological effects of airport runoff affected by winter operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga C Calvo
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann- Str. 3, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Gisela Quaglia
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann- Str. 3, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Environment, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anubhav Mohiley
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann- Str. 3, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Cesarini
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann- Str. 3, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Fangmeier
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann- Str. 3, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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17
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Alkimin GDD, Santos J, Soares AMVM, Nunes B. Ecotoxicological effects of the azole antifungal agent clotrimazole on the macrophyte species Lemna minor and Lemna gibba. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 237:108835. [PMID: 32585366 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are a large and diverse group of compounds used to treat, prevent and diagnose disease. Among these, a group that has been recently detected in the aquatic environment is that of the azole compounds, commonly used as antifungals. Clotrimazole (CLO) is a nonbiodegradable persistent azole compound, with broad-spectrum antifungal activity for which virtually no toxicological data are available, especially towards aquatic plants. The few existent data point to a documented interference with cytochrome P450 system of exposed organisms. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of the fungicide CLO on two aquatic macrophyte species, namely, Lemna minor and Lemna gibba. To attain this purpose, an acute assay (96 h) was performed with both species being exposed to CLO, in a concentration range of 0 to 5 μg L-1. The analyzed endpoints were levels of chlorophyll a and b, total, carotenoids, catalase (CAT) and glutathione -s-transferases activities (GSTs). In general, CLO exposure caused some minor alterations in L. minor and L. gibba pigment contents. Antioxidant enzymes exhibited a different pattern in both species, since the highest concentrations of CLO caused an increase on CAT activity, and a decrease on GSTs activity in L. minor, and the opposite in L. gibba, reflected by a decrease on CAT activity and an increase on GSTs activity in all tested concentrations. These results demonstrate that CLO exposure resulted in potential deleterious effects on macrophytes, namely with the involvement of the antioxidant defense mechanisms that were likely deployed to cope with pro-oxidative conditions established by CLO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Dias de Alkimin
- Department of Biology, Aveiro University, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João Santos
- Department of Biology, Aveiro University, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology, Aveiro University, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Department of Biology, Aveiro University, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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18
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Fatima S, Asif N, Ahmad R, Fatma T. Toxicity of NSAID drug (paracetamol) to nontarget organism-Nostoc muscorum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:35208-35216. [PMID: 32583113 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to many folds increase in application of human and veterinary medicines, pharmaceuticals, a new category of pollutants, have emerged in our environment. They exist as residues in rivers, sewage effluents, streams, surface, ground, and potable water. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is one such drug that is used as an antipyretic and analgesic medicine. It is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) and is easily available in the market because no medical prescription is necessary for its purchase and use. Paracetamol remains physiologically active even after their expiry period. Their detection in the environment in bioactive form has resulted in adverse effects on nontarget species. To determine the effect of paracetamol on aquatic photosynthetic organic (Cyanobacteria-Nostoc muscorum), present study was performed. Paracetamol (25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 75 mg/L, 100, 125, and 150 mg/L) exposure showed toxic responses on the test organism by generating oxidative stress (MDA, H2O2, O2.-). Paracetamol caused a significant decrease in growth of cyanobacteria and showed EC50 113.68 mg/L after the 6th day of treatment. Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoid, and phycobiliprotein) decreased with paracetamol increase. Antioxidant enzymatic (SOD, CAT, APX, GST, and GR) and osmolyte (Proline) also increased with increase in paracetamol to counteract the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Fatima
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central Univ), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Nida Asif
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central Univ), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Rakhshan Ahmad
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central Univ), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Tasneem Fatma
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central Univ), New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Barbosa I, Pizarro I, Freitas R, Nunes B. Antioxidative and neurotoxicity effects of acute and chronic exposure of the estuarine polychaete Hediste diversicolor to paracetamol. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:103377. [PMID: 32251999 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of anthropogenic drugs in the aquatic ecosystems is a reality nowadays, and a large number of studies have been reporting their putative toxic effects on wildlife. However, the majority of the studies published so far uses standard organisms, whose probability of becoming in contact with drugs in real scenarios of contamination is at least, low. The use of autochthonous organisms in ecotoxicity testing is thus mandatory, and the present study aimed to assess the feasibility of assessing oxidative based stress responses (enzymatic defenses, such as catalase, glutathione-s-transferases, and lipid peroxidation; neurotoxicity as an indirect outcome of oxidizing conditions) on a polychaete species, Hediste diversicolor, after being acutely and chronically exposed to the widely employed drug paracetamol. H. diversicolor showed to be responsive to paracetamol exposure. Data obtained after acute exposure to paracetamol showed that no antioxidant adaptive response was established, but cholinesterasic activity was enhanced. On the contrary, long term exposure of H. diversicolor individuals to paracetamol resulted in clear pro-oxidative effects, with catalase and cholinesterase inhibition, and a significant reduction in the levels of lipoperoxidation. Considering that some of the tested levels (especially those of the chronic test) were already reported in the wild, the here-obtained results are of high environmental significance. In addition, chronic exposure regime yielded more significant results, with important modification of more parameters, suggesting that realistic conditions of exposure are more suited for an integrated assessment of toxicity of drugs in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Barbosa
- Departmento de Biologia, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Pizarro
- Departmento de Biologia, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departmento de Biologia, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departmento de Biologia, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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20
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Nunes B. Ecotoxicological Effects of the Drug Paracetamol: A Critical Review of Past Ecotoxicity Assessments and Future Perspectives. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2020_546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Piedade F, Bio S, Nunes B. Effects of common pharmaceutical drugs (paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid) short term exposure on biomarkers of the mussel Mytilus spp. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 73:103276. [PMID: 31704586 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical drugs in the wild may pose significant risks to non-target exposed organisms. This situation is even more troublesome for coastal marine or estuarine environments, located in the vicinity of large human conglomerates, for which the putative number of pollutants is extremely high, and the regime by which wild organisms are exposed is continuous. In addition, the number of studies addressing this issue is still scarce, despite evidences that show the potential contamination profiles and adverse biological effects in organisms from such areas. In this study, the ecotoxicity of common pharmaceutical drugs (namely paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid) was assessed, by studying the susceptibility of the mussel species Mytilus spp to oxidative stress after being exposed for 96 h to increasing but ecologically relevant concentrations of the two mentioned pharmaceuticals (paracetamol: 0, 0.5, 5, 50, and 500 μg/L; acetylsalicylic acid: 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/L). The oxidative status in exposed organisms was analyzed by measuring oxidative stress biomarkers, namely catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), and lipoperoxidation (LPO) levels, whose alteration was indicative of chemical exposure, in both digestive gland and gills of the organisms. In addition, the food uptake and the nutritional reserve status of exposed organisms were also assessed, by measuring the consumption of ingested food, and levels of tissue reserves of glycogen in gills and digestive gland. No significant alterations were observed in the assessed oxidative stress parameters so it was possible to hypothesize that the studied drugs may have probably exerted a limited alteration of antioxidant defenses and damage, which was reverted by the activation of defensive adaptive mechanisms. This set of data evidenced that the pro-oxidative metabolism that was already described for both drugs in other animal models, was not fully established in the exposed mussels. On the contrary, glycogen reserves were substantially changed after exposure to both toxicants, being possible to observe opposite responses caused by both drugs. Food uptake was not altered following exposure to the drugs. Further evaluations are thus required to conclude about both drugs ecotoxicity and other parameters, namely seasonality, which should be considered when performing ecotoxicology tests, especially with the selected species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Piedade
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sofia Bio
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM, Laboratório Associado), Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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22
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Phong Vo HN, Le GK, Hong Nguyen TM, Bui XT, Nguyen KH, Rene ER, Vo TDH, Thanh Cao ND, Mohan R. Acetaminophen micropollutant: Historical and current occurrences, toxicity, removal strategies and transformation pathways in different environments. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124391. [PMID: 31545194 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (ACT) is commonly used as a counter painkiller and nowadays, it is increasingly present in the natural water environment. Although its concentrations are usually at the ppt to ppm levels, ACT can transform into various intermediates depending on the environmental conditions. Due to the complexity of the ACT degradation products and the intermediates, it poses a major challenge for monitoring, detection and to propose adequate treatment technologies. The main objectives of this review study were to assess (i) the occurrences and toxicities, (2) the removal technologies and (3) the transformation pathways and intermediates of ACT in four environmental compartments namely wastewater, surface water, ground water, and soil/sediments. Based on the review, it was observed that the ACT concentrations in wastewater can reach up to several hundreds of ppb. Amongst the different countries, China and the USA showed the highest ACT concentration in wastewater (≤300 μg/L), with a very high detection frequency (81-100%). Concerning surface water, the ACT concentrations were found to be at the ppt level. Some regions in France, Spain, Germany, Korea, USA, and UK comply with the recommended ACT concentration for drinking water (71 ng/L). Notably, ACT can transform and degrade into various metabolites such as aromatic derivatives or organic acids. Some of them (e.g., hydroquinone and benzoquinone) are toxic to human and other life forms. Thus, in water and wastewater treatment plants, tertiary treatment systems such as advanced oxidation, membrane separation, and hybrid processes should be used to remove the toxic metabolites of ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Nhat Phong Vo
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Gia Ky Le
- Environmental Engineering and Management Program, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Thi Minh Hong Nguyen
- Environmental Engineering and Management Program, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, VNU-HCM, Viet Nam.
| | - Khanh Hoang Nguyen
- National Food Institute, Denmark Technical University, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE - Delft, Institute of Water Education 2601 DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Thi Dieu Hien Vo
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Ngoc-Dan Thanh Cao
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Raj Mohan
- National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Karnataka, Dakshina Kannada, 575025, India
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Vo HNP, Koottatep T, Chapagain SK, Panuvatvanich A, Polprasert C, Nguyen TMH, Chaiwong C, Nguyen NL. Removal and monitoring acetaminophen-contaminated hospital wastewater by vertical flow constructed wetland and peroxidase enzymes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 250:109526. [PMID: 31521036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hospital wastewater contains acetaminophen (ACT) and nutrient, which need adequate removal and monitoring to prevent impact to environment and community. This study developed a pilot scale vertical flow constructed wetland (CW) to (1) remove high-dose ACT and pollutants in hospital wastewater and (2) identify the correlation of peroxidase enzyme extruded by Scirpus validus and pollutants removal efficiency. By that correlation, a low-cost method to monitor pollutants removal was drawn. Plants, such as Scirpus validus, generated peroxidase enzymes to alleviate pollutants' stress. Results showed that the CW removed 3.5 to 6 logs of initial concentration 10 mg ACT/L to a recommended level for drinking water. The CW eliminated COD, TKN and TP efficiently, meeting the wastewater discharged standards of Thailand and Vietnam. By various multivariable regression models, concentrations of ACT in CW effluent and enzymes in S. validus exhibited a significant correlation (p < 0.01, R2 = 68.3%). These findings suggested that (i) vertical flow CW could remove high-dose ACT and nutrient and (ii) peroxidase enzymes generated in S. validus, such as soluble and covalent ones, could track ACT removal efficiency. This would help to reduce facilities and analytical cost of micro-pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Nhat Phong Vo
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), P.O.Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Thammarat Koottatep
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), P.O.Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Saroj Kumar Chapagain
- United Nations University, Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS), 5-53-70, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo, 150-8925, Japan
| | - Atitaya Panuvatvanich
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), P.O.Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | | | - Thi Minh Hong Nguyen
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), P.O.Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Chaiwong
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), P.O.Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Ngoc Luong Nguyen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Nunes B, Veiga V, Frankenbach S, Serôdio J, Pinto G. Evaluation of physiological changes induced by the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin in the freshwater macrophyte species Lemna minor and Lemna gibba. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 72:103242. [PMID: 31473558 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide increase in the consumption of antibiotics is becoming a concern for the scientific community, since the presence of their residues in the wild poses specific challenges, especially in ecotoxicological terms. Currently, antibiotics are used for a wide range of purposes, being used against bacterial diseases but also as growth promoters. As a result, their environmental presence can affect wild organisms, especially those from the aquatic environment. This scenario leads to the need of characterizing the toxicity of antibiotics, especially towards non-target organisms. In this study we selected two species of aquatic macrophytes, Lemna minor and Lemna gibba, which are standard plant species inscribed in ecotoxicological testing guidelines. In this work we characterized the toxic effects of the quinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin (in levels of 0.005, 0.013, 0.031, 0.078, and 0.195 mg/L), focusing on its potential toxicity towards photosynthetic mechanisms, and pro-oxidant effects. These objectives were attained by measuring the concentrations of chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoids levels. The determination of the quantum yield allowed assessing the effects of ciprofloxacin on the photochemical efficiency of the Photosystem II (PSII). The pro-oxidant effects induced by ciprofloxacin were evaluated by measuring oxidative stress biomarkers, such as catalase activity, and also by determining lipoperoxidation levels. The obtained results showed no differences in terms of the content of both chlorophylls a and b, or any change in the photochemical efficiency of the PSII; however, the global carotenoids content of L. gibba were significantly decreased. The activity of the anti-oxidant enzyme catalase was also significantly increased in L. minor. L. gibba showed a decrease in lipid peroxidation levels, but only for the two lowest concentrations of ciprofloxacin. The global set of data shows the activation of the anti-oxidant defensive system of both plant species, a response that was likely activated by the pro-oxidant character of ciprofloxacin. Our data demonstrate the interference of this therapeutic compound at different levels of plant metabolism, at ecologically relevant concentrations. In fact, the obtained results are of ecological relevance since they illustrate deleterious effects that may compromise the physiology of aquatic non-target plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Laboratório Associado (CESAM, LA) Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Vítor Veiga
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Silja Frankenbach
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Laboratório Associado (CESAM, LA) Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Serôdio
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Laboratório Associado (CESAM, LA) Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Glória Pinto
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Laboratório Associado (CESAM, LA) Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Rede D, Santos LHMLM, Ramos S, Oliva-Teles F, Antão C, Sousa SR, Delerue-Matos C. Individual and mixture toxicity evaluation of three pharmaceuticals to the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa seeds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 673:102-109. [PMID: 30986672 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to assess, individually and in mixtures, possible phytotoxic effects of three pharmaceuticals (paracetamol, ibuprofen and amoxicillin) on germination and early growth of Lactuca sativa seeds. Pharmaceuticals are an important group of emerging contaminants, whose presence has been described in several environmental compartments, including soils. However, knowledge on their possible impact in terrestrial organisms is still sparse and even more when mixtures are considered. Germination tests are important to evaluate the quality of soil and the toxic effects that contaminants can pose to plants. The acute effects of individual pharmaceuticals as well as binary and ternary mixtures were assessed using different endpoints, namely: percentage of seed germination, root elongation, shoot and leaf length, after an exposure time of five days. Overall, in the exposure of L. sativa seeds to individual pharmaceuticals there are indications of acute toxicity in the early plant growth. However, this inhibitory effect tends to be cancelled in the acute exposure to mixtures. This study shows the importance of evaluating the toxicity of mixtures of pharmaceuticals, since they might have distinct toxic effects when compared to the single compounds, and also because, probably, it is the closest scenario to the reality that can be found in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rede
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcia H M L M Santos
- ICRA - Catalan Institute for Water Research, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Sandra Ramos
- ISEP - Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; CEAUL - Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Bloco C6 - Piso 4, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; LEMA, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Oliva-Teles
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169 - 007 Porto, Portugal; CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Cristina Antão
- Equilibrium, Laboratório de Controlo de Qualidade e de Processo, Lda., Praceta João Villaret, n.° 183, 4460-337 Senhora da Hora, Portugal
| | - Susana R Sousa
- ISEP - Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, U. Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ISEP - Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Giménez V, Nunes B. Effects of commonly used therapeutic drugs, paracetamol, and acetylsalicylic acid, on key physiological traits of the sea snail Gibbula umbilicalis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:21858-21870. [PMID: 31134547 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04653-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Over time, the consumption of pharmaceutical drugs has highly augmented, directly contributing for an increase of the discharges of these substances into sewage water due to excretion, and their direct release to the environment, with or without adequate treatment. Considering that part of the sewage water is dumped into rivers and seas, this is the major source of contamination of the aquatic environment. Paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid are among the most worldwide consumed pharmaceutical drugs, frequently found in wastewater discharges and consequently in the aquatic environment in considerable amounts, posing ecotoxicity concerns especially towards aquatic non-target species. Thus, it is important to study the ecotoxicological implications that these drugs might pose to organisms from aquatic environments. The objective of this study was to assess the toxic effects of these two compounds on key biochemical features (antioxidant defenses and damage, metabolism, and cholinergic neurotoxicity) of the marine snail species Gibbula umbilicalis after an acute (96 h) exposure, simulating pulses of contamination. In order to understand the effects that those drugs have on this species, the biochemical biomarkers analyzed were the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), cholinesterases (ChEs), and the levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS). After acute exposure to paracetamol, catalase activity decreased significantly in organisms exposed to both highest concentrations; no significant alterations were observed for glutathione-S-transferases activity; TBARS concentration decreased significantly in organisms exposed to the intermediate and both highest concentrations, and cholinesterase activity increased significantly in animals exposed to the lowest concentration. However, after acute exposure to acetylsalicylic acid, catalase activity increased significantly; no significant alterations were observed for glutathione-S-transferases activity, and TBARS concentrations and cholinesterase activity increased. This set of data shows that G. umbilicalis is highly responsive to the presence of the tested drugs, and may thus be a promising species to serve as test organism in future marine ecotoxicological testing. The adoption of this species may broaden the offer of highly ecologically representative test organisms to be included in biomonitoring projects of the coastal and marine environment. Furthermore, it is possible to suggest that both drugs may pose significant deleterious effects of pro-oxidative origin to the physiology of the selected species, with potential adverse ecological consequences, even after short periods of exposure. The absence of neurotoxicity showed that despite being able to trigger antioxidant mechanisms, both drugs did not affect neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Giménez
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Almeida F, Nunes B. Effects of acetaminophen in oxidative stress and neurotoxicity biomarkers of the gastropod Phorcus lineatus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9823-9831. [PMID: 30737714 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The growing use of pharmaceutical drugs has become a major environmental issue considering that these substances (or their metabolites) end up inevitably in sewage waters after excretion. In the wild, these chemicals may affect non-target organisms, and their potential toxicity is not sufficiently studied, a reality that is particularly true for marine organisms. Acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol) is known to be toxic in high dosages, namely, by triggering oxidative effects. These effects may be potentiated in marine organisms subjected to contamination resulting from large human settlements along coastal areas. In order to assess how different exposure regimes (acute vs. chronic) may affect aquatic wildlife, individuals of the gastropod species Phorcus lineatus were acutely (96 h) and chronically (28 days) exposed to ecologically relevant concentrations of acetaminophen. The effects were evaluated through the quantification of selected biomarkers-catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and cholinesterase (ChE) activities. The results from acute exposure showed no significant effects in all three biomarkers, but chronically exposed organisms showed significant increases in the activities of CAT and ChEs. The data show that P. lineatus triggered a defensive biological response in the presence of acetaminophen, and also show that realistically low levels of acetaminophen can exert adaptive changes with unknown consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Almeida
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Nunes B. Acute ecotoxicological effects of salicylic acid on the Polychaeta species Hediste diversicolor: evidences of low to moderate pro-oxidative effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:7873-7882. [PMID: 30684172 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-04085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of the aquatic environment by pharmaceutical drugs is an emerging issue in ecotoxicology. Aquatic organisms, in the presence of xenobiotics, tend to activate defensive mechanisms against toxic effects in order to mitigate and/or compensate for the toxic damages that frequently result from these interactions. Salicylic acid (SA) is a common drug, widely used in human medicine due to its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties, as well as its activity in terms of preventing platelet aggregation, among other clinical and cosmetic uses. It is commonly found in levels of the nanograms per liter to the micrograms per liter range in receiving waters, and its presence has been related to toxic effects in aquatic organisms, including oxidative stress. However, the number of studies that characterize the ecotoxicological profile of salicylates is still scarce and no studies have been published about the putative toxic effects of SA, especially in marine polychaetes. In order to determine the potential ecotoxicological effects caused by SA, individuals of the marine Polychaeta species Hediste diversicolor were exposed for 96 h to ecologically relevant concentrations of this compound, and several biochemical endpoints were evaluated, namely the activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT), the phase II biotransformation isoenzymes glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), the cholinergic enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and the determination of lipoperoxidative damage (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay). The obtained results demonstrated that despite the pro-oxidative effects elicited by SA, exposure to realistic levels of this compound was not able to generate a state of oxidative stress, and the adaptive protective responses elicited by exposed individuals were effective enough to minimize and/or inhibit the damage potentially caused by overproduced reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Soares C, Branco-Neves S, de Sousa A, Teixeira J, Pereira R, Fidalgo F. Can nano-SiO 2 reduce the phytotoxicity of acetaminophen? - A physiological, biochemical and molecular approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:900-911. [PMID: 29920468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the interactive effects of acetaminophen (AC; 400 mg kg-1) and silicon dioxide nanomaterial (nano-SiO2;3 mg kg-1) on soil-grown barley. After 14 days of growth, plant growth, evaluated in terms of fresh and dry weight, was greatly inhibited by AC, independently of being or not co-treated with nano-SiO2. Plants growing under high levels of AC did not show any increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) nor thiols contents, though levels of superoxide anion (O2.-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were increased in leaves and roots, respectively. When plants were co-treated with nano-SiO2, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content remained unchanged, but lipid peroxidation (LP) was diminished and the thiol redox network was up-regulated in roots. The evaluation of the response of the antioxidant system showed that AC affected both non-enzymatic and enzymatic components in an organ-specific manner: proline levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were enhanced, whilst catalase (CAT) activity decreased in leaves; ascorbate content and CAT activity were diminished in roots. In response to the nano-SiO2 co-treatment, this pattern was not vastly altered, despite for ascorbate peroxidase (APX), whose activity was greatly enhanced in both organs. Overall, combining biometric, biochemical and molecular approaches, this study revealed that, although AC impaired plant growth and development, it did not trigger a harsh oxidative stress condition. Maybe by this reason, the ameliorating potential of nano-SiO2 was not so evident; yet, nano-SiO2 was able to reduce LP and to stimulate thiol content and APX activity, possibly as a defense mechanism against AC-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Soares
- GreenUPorto, Centro de investigação em Produção Agroalimentar Sustentável, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Simão Branco-Neves
- GreenUPorto, Centro de investigação em Produção Agroalimentar Sustentável, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra de Sousa
- GreenUPorto, Centro de investigação em Produção Agroalimentar Sustentável, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Teixeira
- GreenUPorto, Centro de investigação em Produção Agroalimentar Sustentável, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ruth Pereira
- GreenUPorto, Centro de investigação em Produção Agroalimentar Sustentável, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Fidalgo
- GreenUPorto, Centro de investigação em Produção Agroalimentar Sustentável, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Pereira BVR, Matus GN, Costa MJ, Santos ACAD, Silva-Zacarin ECM, do Carmo JB, Nunes B. Assessment of biochemical alterations in the neotropical fish species Phalloceros harpagos after acute and chronic exposure to the drugs paracetamol and propranolol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:14899-14910. [PMID: 29546518 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Over time, many pollutants of anthropogenic origin have caused the contamination of aquatic ecosystems. Among several characteristics, these compounds can reach the trophic chain, causing deleterious interactions with the biota. Pharmaceutical substances can be included in this scenario as emerging contaminants that reach the aquatic environment because of direct human and veterinary usage, and release by industrial effluents, as well as through domestic dumping of surplus drugs. The effects of these compounds on exposed organisms have been studied since the 1990s, but ecotoxicological data for such chemicals are still scarce especially concerning aquatic organisms from tropical regions. Paracetamol and propranolol were selected for this study since they are frequently found in surface waters. Paracetamol is a drug used as analgesic and antipyretic, while propranolol, a β-blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension. The objective of this study was to assess the toxic effects of these substances on the neotropical freshwater fish Phalloceros harpagos after acute (96 h) and chronic (28 days) exposures. In order to understand the effects of these drugs on P. harpagos, biochemical markers were selected, including the enzymes involved in oxidative stress, xenobiotic metabolism, and neurotransmission (catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and cholinesterase activities, respectively). After acute exposure, no significant alterations were observed for catalase activity, suggesting the absence of oxidative stress. On the contrary, significant alterations in glutathione-S-transferases activity were described for the higher concentrations of both pharmaceuticals after acute exposure. In addition, acute exposure to paracetamol caused a significant increase of cholinesterase activity. None of the tested pharmaceuticals caused significant changes in catalase or cholinesterase activities after chronic exposure. Glutathione S-transferases activity was significantly increased for propranolol following chronic exposure, indicating the potential involvement of phase II detoxification pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz V R Pereira
- Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Gregorio Nolazco Matus
- Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Monica Jones Costa
- Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - André Cordeiro Alves Dos Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Elaine C M Silva-Zacarin
- Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Janaina Braga do Carmo
- Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia/CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Nunes B, Nunes J, Soares AMVM, Figueira E, Freitas R. Toxicological effects of paracetamol on the clam Ruditapes philippinarum: exposure vs recovery. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 192:198-206. [PMID: 28982071 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of wild organisms to anthropogenic substances never follows a definite time-course and pulsed events can often determine biological responses to such chemicals, confounding the interpretation of toxicological data. This is the case of specific chemicals such as pharmaceutical drugs, which are commonly released by sewage systems into sensitive areas, including estuaries. The presence and amount of these chemicals in the wild can be modulated by events such as dilution due to heavy rain, floods, or by varying patterns of domestic water use (daily vs. seasonal). The present study aimed to obtain additional data about the toxicity of paracetamol towards the marine clam species Ruditapes philippinarum, following realistic modes of exposure. Thus, the toxicity assessment was made after an acute exposure to different concentrations of paracetamol, followed by a recovery period. The adopted toxicological endpoints included energy-related parameters (glycogen content, GLY; protein content, PROT; electron transport system activity, ETS), activity of antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione peroxidase, GPx; Glutathione-S-transferases, GSTs), levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), neurotoxicity (cholinesterases activity, ChEs), and indicators of oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation, LPO). The here obtained results showed an increase in SOD and GPx activities after exposure. In organisms exposed to the highest concentration tested it was also possible to observe a significant increase in GSTs activity. However, these alterations in the antioxidant defence system were not able to prevent the occurrence of oxidative stress in exposed organisms. Furthermore, exposure to paracetamol induced neurotoxicity in clams, with a concentration-dependent ChEs inhibition along the exposure concentrations. Exposure to paracetamol also led to an increase of GLY content which resulted from metabolic activity depression along the increasing exposure gradient. In recovering organisms the activities of SOD, GPx and GSTs decreased back towards control values presenting lower values than the ones observed in organisms after acute exposure to paracetamol. No LPO was registered in organisms after the recovery period. In addition, after recovery, clams showed no signs of neurotoxicity, with ChEs activities in previously exposed organisms similar to control clams. After recovery clams seemed to re-establish their metabolic capacity, especially evidenced in clams previously exposed to the highest paracetamol concentration as demonstrated by the increase of ETS activity up to control values. Furthermore, the decrease of GLY content after recovery may indicate that clams increased their metabolic activity and started to use their energetic reserves to re-establish their oxidative status. This set of data shows that an acute exposure to paracetamol can exert deleterious effects that may compromise specific biochemical pathways in sensitive aquatic species, such as R. philippinarum, but organisms can re-establish their biochemical status to control levels after a recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Masteling RP, Castro BB, Antunes SC, Nunes B. Whole-organism and biomarker endpoints in Daphnia magna show uncoupling of oxidative stress and endocrine disruption in phenolic derivatives. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 134P1:64-71. [PMID: 27588555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
During the past century, the amount of chemicals released into water bodies has increased, with particular emphasis being attributed to xenobiotics with endocrine disruption properties and/or pro-oxidant effects. Among these, it is possible to identify a specific chemical class, alkylphenols, which are of widespread use, and include a variety of chemicals with multiple uses. Bisphenol A is an important chemical used in industrial production of plastics, and has been extensively described as an endocrine disruptor. Paracetamol is a pharmaceutical compound used in human medicine, known for its therapeutic action but also for its evident pro-oxidant features. Additionally, previous studies have suggested that paracetamol may also exert endocrine disruption. The main goal of this study was to assess the effects of both paracetamol and bisphenol A as endocrine disruptors, and as promoters of oxidative stress and damage, on the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia magna. The obtained results showed that bisphenol A was capable of altering population traits of exposed organisms, by impairing molting. On the contrary, paracetamol was not causative of any significant change in this parameter, despite having caused extensive oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Masteling
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - B B Castro
- CBMA (Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental), Departamento de Biologia, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - S C Antunes
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - B Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia e Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Wang F, Liu D, Qu H, Chen L, Zhou Z, Wang P. A full evaluation for the enantiomeric impacts of lactofen and its metabolites on aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 101:55-63. [PMID: 27258616 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide pollution of surface water represents a considerable danger for the aquatic plants which play very crucial roles in aquatic system such as oxygen production, nutrient cycling, water quality controlling and sediment stabilization. In this work, the toxic effects of the chiral herbicide lactofen and its three metabolites (desethyl lactofen, acifluorfene and amino acifluorfene) to the aquatic plant Lemna minor (L. minor) on enantiomeric level were evaluated. The influences on growth rate, fresh weight, content of photosynthetic pigment, protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of antioxidant defense enzymes (catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) were measured after 7 days of exposure. L. minor growth was inhibited in the order of (S)-desethyl lactofen > racemic-desethyl lactofen > (R)-desethyl lactofen > racemic-lactofen > (S)-lactofen > (R)-lactofen > acifluorfene > amino acifluorfene, and the IC50 (7d) values showed desethyl lactofen was the most powerful compound which was about twice as toxic as lactofen. The contents of chlorophylls (Chl) and carotenoids (Car) were significantly reduced by the chemicals, while, the levels of protein, MDA and the activity of CAT and SOD enzymes increased in most cases. The obtained results revealed that lactofen and its metabolites had an undesirable effect on L. minor, in terms of physiological and biochemical aspects. Besides, enantioselective toxicity of lactofen and desethyl lactofen to L. minor was observed. The S-enantiomer of desethyl lactofen was more toxic than the corresponding R-enantiomer. Furthermore, racemic lactofen was more toxic than the individual enantiomers. The side effects of pesticide metabolites and the enantioselectivity should be considered in developing optically pure products and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Han Qu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Kummerová M, Zezulka Š, Babula P, Tříska J. Possible ecological risk of two pharmaceuticals diclofenac and paracetamol demonstrated on a model plant Lemna minor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 302:351-361. [PMID: 26476323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lemna minor is often used in environmental risk assessment and it can be supposed that usually evaluated parameters will be reliable even for assessing the risk of pharmaceuticals. Subtle changes in duckweed plant number, biomass production, and leaf area size induced by 10-day-exposure to diclofenac (DCF) and paracetamol (PCT) (0.1, 10, and 100 μg/L), excepting 100 μg/L DCF, are in contrast with considerable changes on biochemical and histochemical level. Both drugs caused a decrease in content of photosynthetic pigments (by up to 50%), an increase in non-photochemical quenching (by 65%) and decrease in relative chlorophyll fluorescence decay values (by up to 90% with DCF). Both DCF and especially PCT increased amount of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species in roots. DCF-induced effects included mainly increased lipid peroxidation (by 78%), disturbation in membrane integrity and lowering both oxidoreductase and dehydrogenase activities (by 30%). PCT increased the content of soluble proteins and phenolics. Higher concentrations of both DCF and PCT increased the levels of oxidised ascorbate (by 30%) and oxidised thiols (by up to 84% with DCF). Glutathion-reductase activity was elevated by both pharmaceuticals (nearly by 90%), glutathion-S-transferase activity increased mainly with PCT (by 22%). The early and sensitive indicators of DCF and PCT phytotoxicity stress in duckweed are mainly the changes in biochemical processes, connected with activation of defense mechanisms against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kummerová
- Institute of Experimental Biology-Department of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Štěpán Zezulka
- Institute of Experimental Biology-Department of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Tříska
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Isotope Analyses, Global Change Research Center, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Correia B, Freitas R, Figueira E, Soares AMVM, Nunes B. Oxidative effects of the pharmaceutical drug paracetamol on the edible clam Ruditapes philippinarum under different salinities. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 179:116-24. [PMID: 26409706 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Paracetamol, a drug with analgesic and antipyretic properties, is one of the most used substances in human therapeutics, being also frequently detected in aquatic environments. Recent studies report its toxicity towards aquatic species, but the overall amount of data concerning its effects is still scarce. Global changes, likely alterations in abiotic conditions, including salinity, can modulate the interactions of contaminants with biota, conditioning the toxicological responses elicited also by pharmaceuticals. The present article describes the oxidative toxic effects posed by paracetamol on the clam species Ruditapes philippinarum under different salinity conditions. The results demonstrated the establishment of an oxidative-based effect, with significant alteration of several parameters, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). Water salinity influenced the response of clams exposed to different paracetamol concentrations, showing the importance of studying physiological traits under realistic test conditions, which are likely to vary in great extent as a result of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Correia
- Department of Biology, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do MAR (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do MAR (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Department of Biology, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do MAR (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do MAR (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Department of Biology, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do MAR (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Portugal.
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Oliveira LLD, Antunes SC, Gonçalves F, Rocha O, Nunes B. Evaluation of ecotoxicological effects of drugs on Daphnia magna using different enzymatic biomarkers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 119:123-31. [PMID: 25996524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of pharmaceutical drugs in the aquatic environment is cause of concern, due to the possibility of toxic phenomena in non-target species, including oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. The present study aimed to assess the acute effect of four widely used therapeutic agents: acetaminophen (analgesic), chlorpromazine (antipsychotic), diclofenac (anti-inflammatory) and propranolol (antihypertensive), in the cladoceran species Daphnia magna. Considering the involvement of the mentioned compounds in the impairment of cholinesterasic activity and modifications in cellular redox systems, the purpose of this study was to analyze their effects on biomarkers of neuronal regulation, such as total cholinesterases (ChEs), and enzymatic oxidative stress defense, including as catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), and total and selenium-dependent glutathione-peroxidase (total GPx; Se-GPx) activities. Exposure to acetaminophen caused a significant inhibition of AChE and Se-GPx activities in D. magna relative to the control. Among the biomarkers of oxidative stress, only the activity of CAT was significantly altered in concentration of 0.001mg L(-1) of chlorpromazine, which was not always consistent with the literature. Diclofenac caused a significant inhibition of AChE and Se-dependent GPx, and also in total GPx activities. Propranolol was responsible for a significant decrease in the activity of the latter two enzymes, and also a slight increase of GSTs activity. The results indicated that the exposure to all the tested compounds induced alterations on the cellular redox status in the studied species. In addition, acetaminophen and diclofenac were shown to have the capability of interfering with D. magna neurotransmission, through the inhibition of ChEs. Our data enlighten the need for more research on the ecological consequences of pharmaceuticals in non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laira L D Oliveira
- Post Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of São Paulo, Engineering School of São Carlos, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sara C Antunes
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Odete Rocha
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Freitas R, Coelho D, Pires A, Soares AMVM, Figueira E, Nunes B. Preliminary evaluation of Diopatra neapolitana regenerative capacity as a biomarker for paracetamol exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:13382-13392. [PMID: 25940485 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies established unequivocal relationships between exposure to pharmaceutical drugs and toxicity in wildlife. However, few studies investigated physiological alterations caused by such compounds in polychaetes. Thus, in this study, the effects of increasing concentrations of paracetamol were studied in the polychaete Diopatra neapolitana using tissue regenerative capacity as a biomarker. The obtained results revealed that individuals exposed to ecologically relevant concentrations (namely, 25 μg/L) of paracetamol exhibited significantly lower capacity to regenerate their body in comparison with control organisms. This study evidenced that paracetamol can induce significant physiological alterations in D. neapolitana resulting in an overall diminished regenerative capacity, which is of significance to a species with high ecological and economic relevance. Additionally, this study indicates the promise of D. neapolitana as a test organism in laboratory-based bioassays, but also as an adequate sentinel species to pharmaceutical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal,
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Nunes B, Verde MF, Soares AMVM. Biochemical effects of the pharmaceutical drug paracetamol on Anguilla anguilla. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:11574-11584. [PMID: 25827650 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing presence of pharmaceutical drugs in the environment is a motif of concern, and human-use drugs are of particular importance. This is the case of paracetamol, a widely employed drug in human therapeutics, as analgesic and antipyretic, whose toxicity on aquatic organisms is still not fully characterized. The present study aimed to assess the toxic deleterious effects of paracetamol on European eel, Anguila anguilla, by using a comprehensive battery of antioxidant biomarkers (activities of enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)), and the quantification of oxidative damage (measurement of levels of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay)). Other biochemical effects elicited by this substance were also quantified, in terms of anaerobic respiration (activity of lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) and neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase, AChE, activity). The obtained results showed the occurrence of an oxidative base response, and paracetamol also seemed to inhibit AChE, showing that this drug can also elicit neurotoxicity. The lack of response by both CAT and LDH show that, despite the occurrence of toxicity, eels have detoxification mechanisms that are effective to cope with paracetamol, preventing additional deleterious alterations, including in the main pathway by which they obtain energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nunes
- Department of Biology, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal,
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