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He Z, Lin H, Sui J, Wang K, Wang H, Cao L. Seafood waste derived carbon nanomaterials for removal and detection of food safety hazards. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172332. [PMID: 38615776 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Nanobiotechnology and the engineering of nanomaterials are currently the main focus of many researches. Seafood waste carbon nanomaterials (SWCNs) are a renewable resource with large surface area, porous structure, high reactivity, and abundant active sites. They efficiently adsorb food contaminants through π-π conjugated, ion exchange, and electrostatic interaction. Furthermore, SWCNs prepared from seafood waste are rich in N and O functional groups. They have high quantum yield (QY) and excellent fluorescence properties, making them promising materials for the removal and detection of pollutants. It provides an opportunity by which solutions to the long-term challenges of the food industry in assessing food safety, maintaining food quality, detecting contaminants and pretreating samples can be found. In addition, carbon nanomaterials can be used as adsorbents to reduce environmental pollutants and prevent food safety problems from the source. In this paper, the types of SWCNs are reviewed; the synthesis, properties and applications of SWCNs are reviewed and the raw material selection, preparation methods, reaction conditions and formation mechanisms of biomass-based carbon materials are studied in depth. Finally, the advantages of seafood waste carbon and its composite materials in pollutant removal and detection were discussed, and existing problems were pointed out, which provided ideas for the future development and research directions of this interesting and versatile material. Based on the concept of waste pricing and a recycling economy, the aim of this paper is to outline current trends and the future potential to transform residues from the seafood waste sector into valuable biological (nano) materials, and to apply them to food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianxin Sui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kaiqiang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Limin Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China.
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do Nascimento Júnior WJ, de Aguiar GH, Massarelli RC, Landers R, Vieira MGA, da Motta Sobrinho MA. Multi-pollutant biosorption of organic and inorganic pollutants by brown algae waste from alginate production: batch and fixed-bed investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30511-x. [PMID: 37924398 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The reuse of biomass waste has been gaining attention in adsorption processes to remove pollutants of emerging concern from water and wastewater. In this work, the potential of alginate-extracted macro-algae waste to uptake synthetic dyes and metal cations was evaluated in comparison with raw algae. In affinity assays, both materials were able to remove metal cations and cationic dyes up to maximum rates, and no significant removal was observed for an anionic dye in an acidic medium. Competition was observed in multi-component systems of metal cations and dyes. For binary samples containing organic and inorganic contaminants, kinetic modeling evidenced the distinct nature of both types of adsorbates. Pb(II) biosorption was best described as a first-order process, while second-order and Elovich models better fitted methyl blue (MB) uptake data. For equimolar binary samples, the Sips isothermal model fitted the experimental data more satisfactorily at room temperature. Isotherms for 20, 30, 40, and 60 °C exhibited favorable adsorption profiles with spontaneous ΔG values for both raw macro-algae and waste from alginate extraction. Maximum adsorption capacities were competitive with previous reports in the literature for a wide range of biomaterials, pointing to the slightly higher efficiency with algae waste in batch experiments. In elution tests, HNO3 (0.5 M) showed the best recovery rates of metal cations. Continuous biosorption operation revealed the performance of the brown algae waste was considerably more efficient than raw algae with breakthrough biosorption capacities up to 3.96 and 0.97 mmol.g-1 for the removal of Pb(II) and MB, respectively. A total of 3.0 g of algae and algae waste were able to deliver 1.20 and 1.62 L of contaminant-free water, respectively. XPS analyses corroborate previous assays that pointed to the prevalence of physisorption with evidence of complexation, ionic exchange, and hydrogen displacement mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welenilton José do Nascimento Júnior
- School of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Jornalista Anibal Fernandes Av., Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50740-560, Brazil.
| | - Giovane Henrique de Aguiar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Prof. Arthur de Sá Av., Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50740-520, Brazil
| | - Renan Costa Massarelli
- School of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Prof. Arthur de Sá Av., Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50740-520, Brazil
| | - Richard Landers
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Gleb Wataghin Institute of Physics, Sérgio Buarque de Holanda St., Cidade Universitária, Campinas, 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Melissa Gurgel Adeodato Vieira
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Albert Einstein Av., Cidade Universitária, Campinas, 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Alves da Motta Sobrinho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Prof. Arthur de Sá Av., Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50740-520, Brazil
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Supraja KV, Kachroo H, Viswanathan G, Verma VK, Behera B, Doddapaneni TRKC, Kaushal P, Ahammad SZ, Singh V, Awasthi MK, Jain R. Biochar production and its environmental applications: Recent developments and machine learning insights. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129634. [PMID: 37573981 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar production through thermochemical processing is a sustainable biomass conversion and waste management approach. However, commercializing biochar faces challenges requiring further research and development to maximize its potential for addressing environmental concerns and promoting sustainable resource management. This comprehensive review presents the state-of-the-art in biochar production, emphasizing quantitative yield and qualitative properties with varying feedstocks. It discusses the technology readiness level and commercialization status of different production strategies, highlighting their environmental and economic impacts. The review focuses on integrating machine learning algorithms for process control and optimization in biochar production, improving efficiency. Additionally, it explores biochar's environmental applications, including soil amendment, carbon sequestration, and wastewater treatment, showcasing recent advancements and case studies. Advances in biochar technologies and their environmental benefits in various sectors are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolli Venkata Supraja
- Waste Treatment Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Himanshu Kachroo
- School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Gayatri Viswanathan
- School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vishal Kumar Verma
- Waste Treatment Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Bunushree Behera
- Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab 147004, India
| | - Tharaka Rama Krishna C Doddapaneni
- Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Priyanka Kaushal
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sk Ziauddin Ahammad
- Waste Treatment Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana 382715, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Rohan Jain
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Bautzner landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
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da Silva MD, Schnorr C, Lütke SF, Silva LFO, Manera C, Perondi D, Godinho M, Collazzo GC, Dotto GL. Citrus fruit residues as alternative precursors to developing H 2O and CO 2 activated carbons and its application for Cu(II) adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:63661-63677. [PMID: 37055691 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to its toxicity, the presence of Cu(II) ions released in aquatic environments presents a serious threat to the environment and human health. In search of sustainable and low-cost alternatives, there are citrus fruit residues, which are generated in large quantities by the juice industries and can be used to produce activated carbons. Therefore, the physical route was investigated for producing activated carbons to reuse citrus wastes. In this work, eight activated carbons were developed, varying the precursor (orange peel-OP, mandarine peel-MP, rangpur lime peel-RLP, and sweet lime peel-SLP) and the activating agent (CO2 and H2O) to remove Cu(II) ions of the aqueous medium. Results revealed promising activated carbons with a micro-mesoporous structure, a specific surface area of around 400 m2 g-1, and a pore volume of around 0.25 cm3 g-1. In addition, Cu (II) adsorption was favored at pH 5.5. The kinetic study showed that the equilibrium was reached within 60 min removing about 80% of Cu(II) ions. The Sips model was the most suitable for the equilibrium data, providing maximum adsorption capacities (qmS) values of 69.69, 70.27, 88.04, 67.83 mg g-1 for activated carbons (AC-CO2) from OP, MP, RLP, and SLP, respectively. The thermodynamic behavior showed that the adsorption process of Cu(II) ions was spontaneous, favorable, and endothermic. It was suggested that the mechanism was controlled by surface complexation and Cu2+-π interaction. Desorption was possible with an HCl solution (0.5 mol L-1). From the results obtained in this work, it is possible to infer that citrus residues could be successfully converted into efficient adsorbents to remove Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele D da Silva
- Research Group On Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Schnorr
- Universidad de La Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, 080002, Barranquilla, , Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Sabrina F Lütke
- Research Group On Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Universidad de La Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, 080002, Barranquilla, , Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Christian Manera
- Engineering of Processes and Technologies Post-Graduate Program, University of Caxias Do Sul-UCS, Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniele Perondi
- Engineering of Processes and Technologies Post-Graduate Program, University of Caxias Do Sul-UCS, Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Godinho
- Engineering of Processes and Technologies Post-Graduate Program, University of Caxias Do Sul-UCS, Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriela C Collazzo
- Research Group On Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Dotto
- Research Group On Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Madzin Z, Zahidi I, Raghunandan ME, Talei A. Potential application of spent mushroom compost (SMC) biochar as low-cost filtration media in heavy metal removal from abandoned mining water: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : IJEST 2022; 20:6989-7006. [PMID: 36373081 PMCID: PMC9638476 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-022-04617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Overpopulation and rapid development have put an increasing burden on the environment, leading to various water crisis. Importing water from abandoned mines as an alternative raw water source could be the next answer to alleviate water scarcity problems globally. However, due to its high heavy metals content, there is a need to find an economical and effective method to remove heavy metals before reusing it as potable water source. Biochar, a low-cost and carbon-rich biosorbent, has received increasing attention on its application as a remediating agent to remove heavy metals from water. Previous studies have revealed the potential properties of biochar as a heavy metal removal agent including high cation exchange capacity, high surface area, active surface functional groups, as well as efficient adsorption. Apparently, the most important factor influencing the sorption mechanism is the type of feedstock materials. Spent mushroom compost (SMC), a waste product from mushroom cultivation, has been found as an excellent biosorbent. SMC has received global attention as it is low cost and eco-friendly. It also has been proved as an efficient heavy metals remover from water. Nevertheless, its application as biochar is still scarce. Therefore, this review focuses on the potential of transforming SMC into modified biochar to remove heavy metals, especially from abandoned mining water. The present review emphasizes the current trends in adsorption methods for heavy metal removal from water, assembles data from previous studies on the feedstock of biosorbents to biochars, and discusses the potentials of SMC as a biochar for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Madzin
- Civil Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - I. Zahidi
- Civil Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - M. E. Raghunandan
- Civil Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - A. Talei
- Civil Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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James AL, Perkins WT, Sian J, Hammond D, Hodgson EM. Application of biochar for minewater remediation: Effect of scaling up production on performance under laboratory and field conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127439. [PMID: 35680090 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metals discharged from abandoned mines are a major source of pollution in many parts of the world. As a result, there is a growing need for suitable low-cost remediation methods. While a large literature base exists demonstrating the efficacy of biochar to remove metals from solution, most studies are confined to the laboratory. This study examines the effects on the biochar quality when scaling up production from laboratory to pilot scale. Pilot scale biochars were produced using a 600 kg batch pyrolysis reactor, these chars were then deployed in the field using a series of 100 mm × 1200 mm cylindrical treatment cells installed at the point of discharge from an abandoned mine site. Most biochars produced at a pilot removed more zinc under laboratory conditions, however all of the biochars showed a reduced performance when tested in the field, this ranged from a 14% to an 85% reduction depending on the biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alun L James
- Aberystwyth University, Institute of Geography and Earth Science, SY23 3DB Aberystwyth, Wales, UK.
| | - William T Perkins
- Aberystwyth University, Institute of Geography and Earth Science, SY23 3DB Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
| | - Jones Sian
- Aberystwyth University, Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, SY23 3EE Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
| | - Damon Hammond
- Aberystwyth University, Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, SY23 3EE Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
| | - Edward M Hodgson
- Aberystwyth University, Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, SY23 3EE Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
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Pinteus S, Susano P, Alves C, Silva J, Martins A, Pedrosa R. Seaweed’s Role in Energetic Transition—From Environmental Pollution Challenges to Enhanced Electrochemical Devices. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030458. [PMID: 35336831 PMCID: PMC8945715 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Earth is currently facing the effects of climate change in all environmental ecosystems; this, together with pollution, is the cause of species extinction and biodiversity loss. Thus, it is vital to take actions to mitigate and decrease the release of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. The emergence of energetic transition from fossil fuels to greener energies is clearly defined in the United Nations 2030 agenda. Although this transition endorses the ambitious goal to supply greener energy for all developed societies, the increased demand for the minerals essential to develop cleaner energetic technologies has highlighted several economic and environmental issues. Currently, these minerals are mainly obtained by mining activities that generate high levels of soil and water pollution, coupled with the intensive use of water and hazardous gas release. On the other hand, the exponential increase of electronic waste derived from end-of-life electronic equipment is already raising environmental concerns due to heavy metal contamination as a result of their disposal. Thus, it is vital to develop sustainable and efficient strategies to mitigate energetic transition environmental footprints. This review highlights the use of seaweed biomass for toxic mineral bioremediation, recycling, and as an alternative material for greener energy-storage device development. Abstract Resulting from the growing human population and the long dependency on fossil-based energies, the planet is facing a critical rise in global temperature, which is affecting all ecosystem networks. With a growing consciousness this issue, the EU has defined several strategies towards environment sustainability, where biodiversity restoration and preservation, pollution reduction, circular economy, and energetic transition are paramount issues. To achieve the ambitious goal of becoming climate-neutral by 2050, it is vital to mitigate the environmental footprint of the energetic transition, namely heavy metal pollution resulting from mining and processing of raw materials and from electronic waste disposal. Additionally, it is vital to find alternative materials to enhance the efficiency of energy storage devices. This review addresses the environmental challenges associated with energetic transition, with particular emphasis on the emergence of new alternative materials for the development of cleaner energy technologies and on the environmental impacts of mitigation strategies. We compile the most recent advances on natural sources, particularly seaweed, with regard to their use in metal recycling, bioremediation, and as valuable biomass to produce biochar for electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susete Pinteus
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (C.A.); (J.S.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (R.P.); Tel.: +351-262-783-607 (S.P.)
| | - Patrícia Susano
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (C.A.); (J.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Celso Alves
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (C.A.); (J.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (C.A.); (J.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Alice Martins
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (C.A.); (J.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-614 Peniche, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (R.P.); Tel.: +351-262-783-607 (S.P.)
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Lee XJ, Ong HC, Ooi J, Yu KL, Tham TC, Chen WH, Ok YS. Engineered macroalgal and microalgal adsorbents: Synthesis routes and adsorptive performance on hazardous water contaminants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:126921. [PMID: 34523506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colourants, micropollutants and heavy metals are regarded as the most notorious hazardous contaminants found in rivers, oceans and sewage treatment plants, with detrimental impacts on human health and environment. In recent development, algal biomass showed great potential for the synthesis of engineered algal adsorbents suitable for the adsorptive management of various pollutants. This review presents comprehensive investigations on the engineered synthesis routes focusing mainly on mechanical, thermochemical and activation processes to produce algal adsorbents. The adsorptive performances of engineered algal adsorbents are assessed in accordance with different categories of hazardous pollutants as well as in terms of their experimental and modelled adsorption capacities. Due to the unique physicochemical properties of macroalgae and microalgae in their adsorbent forms, the adsorption of hazardous pollutants was found to be highly effective, which involved different mechanisms such as physisorption, chemisorption, ion-exchange, complexation and others depending on the types of pollutants. Overall, both macroalgae and microalgae not only can be tailored into different forms of adsorbents based on the applications, their adsorption capacities are also far more superior compared to the conventional adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiat Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Energy Sciences (ENERGY), Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Centre for Green Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Jecksin Ooi
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, No.1, Cheras Lumpur, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kai Ling Yu
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thing Chai Tham
- Axcel Campus, No. 11, The Cube, Jalan Puteri 7/15, Bandar Puteri, 47100 Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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Bai X, Xing L, Liu N, Ma N, Huang K, Wu D, Yin M, Jiang K. Humulus scandens-Derived Biochars for the Effective Removal of Heavy Metal Ions: Isotherm/Kinetic Study, Column Adsorption and Mechanism Investigation. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123255. [PMID: 34947605 PMCID: PMC8704399 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Humulus scandens was first adopted as a biomass precursor to prepare biochars by means of a facile molten salt method. The optimized biochar exhibits a high specific surface area of ~450 m2/g, a rich porous structure and abundant oxygen functional groups, which demonstrate excellent adsorption performance for heavy metal ions. The isotherm curves fit well with the Langmuir models, indicating that the process is governed by the chemical adsorption, and that the maximum adsorption capacity can reach 748 and 221 mg/g for Pb2+ and Cu2+, respectively. In addition, the optimized biochar demonstrates good anti-interference ability and outstanding removal efficiency for Cu2+ and Pb2+ in simulated wastewater. The mechanism investigation and DFT calculation suggest that the oxygen functional groups play dominant roles in the adsorption process by enhancing the binding energy towards the heavy metal ions. Meanwhile, ion exchange also serves as the main reason for the effective removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Bai
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (X.B.); (K.H.); (M.Y.)
| | - Luyang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Medias and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (L.X.); (N.M.)
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (X.B.); (K.H.); (M.Y.)
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (D.W.); (K.J.)
| | - Nana Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Medias and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (L.X.); (N.M.)
| | - Kexin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (X.B.); (K.H.); (M.Y.)
| | - Dapeng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (X.B.); (K.H.); (M.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Medias and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (L.X.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (D.W.); (K.J.)
| | - Mengmeng Yin
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (X.B.); (K.H.); (M.Y.)
| | - Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (X.B.); (K.H.); (M.Y.)
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (D.W.); (K.J.)
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Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on Copper Aqueous Removal Capability of Biochar Derived from the Kelp Macrocystis pyrifera. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11199223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Seaweed biochar is an efficient alternative bioadsorbent for Cu2+ removal due to its low cost and heavy metal removal capacity. Using the slow pyrolysis process, we produced biochars from Macrocystis pyrifera at 300 (BC300), 450 (BC450), and 600 °C (BC600). The physicochemical and structural properties of the biochar samples improved with increasing pyrolysis temperature from 300 to 450 °C, whereas no significant differences were observed with further increases in temperature to 600 °C. The yield ranged between 49% and 62% and had a high ash content (57.5–71.1%). BC450 and BC600 presented the highest surface areas and higher porosities. The FTIR spectra indicated that an increase of temperature decreased the acidic functional groups due to depolymerization and the dehydration processes, increasing the aromatic structures and the presence of calcium carbonate. The fittings of the kinetic models were different for the BCs: for the BC450 and BC600 samples, the Cu2+ adsorption was well-represented by a pseudo-first-order model; for BC300, a better fit was obtained with the pseudo-second-order model. The rate-limiting step of Cu2+ adsorption on BCs was represented by both models, liquid film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion, with surface diffusion being more important in BC300 and BC600, and intraparticle diffusion in BC450, in agreement with the pore size of the biochar samples. The adsorption isotherms of all BCs showed Langmuir behavior, representative of a chemisorption process, which was corroborated by the energy adsorption values determined by the D–R model. The maximum monolayer Cu2+ adsorption capacities were 93.55 and 58.0 mg g−1 for BC600 and BC450, respectively, whereas BC450 presented the highest affinity. Other mechanisms involved in controlling heavy metal removal from aqueous suspensions using these seaweed biochars remain to be explored. We conclude that BC450 and BC600 from M. pyrifera are the most efficient adsorbents for Cu2+ aqueous removal and are thus an appropriate alternative for bioremediation.
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Katiyar R, Patel AK, Nguyen TB, Singhania RR, Chen CW, Dong CD. Adsorption of copper (II) in aqueous solution using biochars derived from Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 328:124829. [PMID: 33618185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
There has been growing research interest in exploiting biochar for cost-effective. removal of different pollutants. Heavy metals, especially copper II (Cu II) is highly toxic and nonbiodegradable pollutants, and has been major source of environmental pollution. In this study adsorption of Cu (II) on seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum)-derived biochar was systematically examined. The removal efficiency based on surface property of biochar and type of interactions associated with biochar produced at varying pyrolysis conditions were investigated. The highest removal efficiency of Cu (II) from aqueous media was >99% with 223 mg g-1 Cu (II) adsorption capacity observed by biochar derived at 700 °C and pH 5. Langmuir adsorption isotherm described the adsorption mechanisms of Cu (II) on biochar with cationic and anionic electrostatic attractions, surface precipitation, and pore depositions. Thus, this study shows that waste biomass (seaweed) could be a valuable bioresource for heavy metal remediation from various water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Katiyar
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Thanh-Binh Nguyen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
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Jin Y, Zhang M, Jin Z, Wang G, Li R, Zhang X, Liu X, Qu J, Wang H. Characterization of biochars derived from various spent mushroom substrates and evaluation of their adsorption performance of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110323. [PMID: 33098819 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A total of 16 biochar adsorbents were produced from four types of spent mushroom substrates to investigate the effect of pyrolysis temperature and raw material composition on the Cu(II) adsorption performance of the resulting biochars. It was determined that the pyrolysis temperature and substrate composition markedly influenced the thermal stability, the degree of carbonization, surface functional group content, and structural morphology of the biochars, but did not affect the adsorption isotherms or kinetics. Optimal results were obtained with an initial pH of 5, adsorbent dosage of 1 g/L, Cu(II) concentration of 50 mg/L, and temperature of 25 °C. The four best-performing biochars conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with maximum Cu(II) adsorption between 52.6 and 65.6 mg/g. Precipitation was the dominant mechanism for Cu(II) adsorption onto Lentinus edodes spent substrate-derived biochar pyrolyzed at 600 °C (LESS600), whereas complexation with surface functional groups was the prominent mechanism of Cu(II) removal by Auricularia auricula spent substrate-derived biochar pyrolyzed at 500 °C (AASS500). The Flammulina velutipes and Pleurotus ostreatus spent substrate-derived biochars pyrolyzed at 600 °C (FVSS600 and POSS600, respectively) removed Cu(II) ions using both precipitation and Cu2+-π complexation interactions. The findings indicate that biochar derived from spent mushroom substrates containing abundant lignin and pyrolyzed at high temperatures (500 or 600 °C) demonstrate effective Cu(II) removal because of the various physico-chemical properties discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zonghui Jin
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xuesheng Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Juanjuan Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Hongmei Wang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
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Absorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) from Aqueous Solutions onto Biochars Derived from Apple Tree Branches. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13133498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto apple tree branches biochar (BC) produced at 300, 400, 500 and 600 °C (BC300, BC400, BC500, and BC600), respectively. The effect of adsorbent dosage, pH value, contact time, initial concentration of Cu(II) or Zn(II), and temperature on the adsorption process were investigated. The result showed that 5 g BC·L−1 was the optimal dosage to remove Cu(II) and Zn(II) from wastewater and the maximum adsorption efficiency was achieved at a pH of 5.0 for all the BCs when the initial concentration of Cu(II) and Zn(II) were 64 and 65 mg L−1, respectively. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm experiments showed that the pseudo-second order equation and the Langmuir isotherm could best describe the adsorption process, indicating that the adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto BCs were monolayer processes and chemisorption was the rate limiting step. The values of ΔG0 for the absorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) on all BCs were negative, while the values of ΔH0 were positive, suggesting that the absorption was a spontaneous endothermic process. The mechanisms of BC adsorption of metal ions adsorption include surface precipitation, ion exchange, and minor contribution by cation-π interaction. BC500 had highest Cu(II) and Zn(II) adsorption capacity under various conditions (except at pH 2.0). The maximum adsorption capacities of Cu(II) and Zn(II) on BC500 were 11.41 and 10.22 mg·g−1, respectively. Therefore, BC derived from apple tree branches produced at 500 °C can be used as an adsorbent to remove Cu(II) and Zn(II) from wastewater.
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Liatsou I, Pashalidis I, Dosche C. Cu(II) adsorption on 2-thiouracil-modified Luffa cylindrica biochar fibres from artificial and real samples, and competition reactions with U(VI). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 383:120950. [PMID: 31541960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of Cu(II) ions by biochar fibres prior and after modification with 2-thiouracil on real and artificial samples has been studied by batch-type adsorption experiments, FTIR and XPS spectroscopy and competition reactions using U(VI) ions as competitor cations. The experimental data of the artificial samples clearly show that the modified material presents extraordinary higher affinity for Cu(II) ions even in the acidic pH range, the spectroscopic data indicate the formation of inner-sphere complexes and the competition reactions significantly higher selectivity of the 2-thiouracil modified biochar fibres for Cu(II). The 2-thiouracil-modified biochar fibres have been successfully applied to acid mine drainage (AMD) samples regarding the selective separation of Cu(II) ions from "real" samples. Regarding the desorption of copper from the biochar surface, although 100% copper recovery was achieved by eluting the metal ion using 1 M HNO3, the deterioration of the modified biochar fibers due to extensive 2-thiouracil release from the biochar surface limits the applicability of the present adsorbent in routine and large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Liatsou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Cy-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Ioannis Pashalidis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Cy-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Carsten Dosche
- Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
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Zhang L, Li W, Cao H, Hu D, Chen X, Guan Y, Tang J, Gao H. Ultra-efficient sorption of Cu 2+ and Pb 2+ ions by light biochar derived from Medulla tetrapanacis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121818. [PMID: 31344637 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel mesoporous biochar (PBC) was facilely prepared from Medulla tetrapanacis. PBC exhibited high efficiency for the sorption of Cu2+ (458.72 mg/g) and Pb2+ (1031.23 mg/g) ions, and these values were higher than that of reported literatures. In the multi-metal system, the maximum sorption capacity for Cu2+, Pb2+, Cr3+, and Fe3+ were 430.88 mg/g, 701.63 mg/g, 696.67 mg/g, and 697.01 mg/g, respectively, and the removal efficiencies of those ions were more than 80% at a metal ion concentration of 200 mg/L. Furthermore, the PBC was effective for the treatment of industrial effluent wastewater. The ash content (45.46%) of the PBC was higher than that of most other biochar derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Complexation, precipitation, π-π interactions, ion exchange, and physical sorption were the main sorption mechanisms. Overall, PBC is an inexpensive product, which is simply synthesized and an excellent adsorbent for heavy metal ion removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wenqi Li
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Haisheng Cao
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Die Hu
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ying Guan
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jun Tang
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Chen XQ, Li B, Shen Y, Guo JZ. Facile Synthesis of Calcite-Impregnated Hydrochar with High Sorption Capacity for Cu(II) from Aqueous Solution. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15022-15029. [PMID: 31552344 PMCID: PMC6751695 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Calcite-impregnated hydrochar (Ca-HC) was successfully synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method and used as an adsorbent for Cu(II) remediation. Characterization techniques showed that Ca-HC contained calcite and oxygen-containing functional groups. A series of Cu(II) sorption experiments onto Ca-HC showed that the initial Cu(II) concentration, contact time, sorption temperature, and initial pH of the solution influenced the sorption of Cu(II). The actual achievable sorption capacity of Ca-HC for Cu(II) was 130.57 mg g-1 at 303 K, and the sorption process obeyed the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The precipitation and surface complexation rather than ion exchange were mainly ascribed to the removal of Cu(II) onto Ca-HC. The calcite provided the active site to produce posnjakite precipitation during the sorption process and enhance the sorption capacity of the hydrochar. Therefore, these results demonstrated that Ca-HC is an effective sorbent that can remove Cu(II) from water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bing Li
- E-mail: . Tel: (+86) 571-63732772
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Cao Q, Huang Z, Liu S, Wu Y. Potential of Punica granatum biochar to adsorb Cu(II) in soil. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11116. [PMID: 31366925 PMCID: PMC6668578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar as a promising adsorbent to remove heavy metals has attracted much attention globally. One of the potential adsorbents is biochar derived from punica granatum peels, a growing but often wasted resource in tropical countries. However, the immobilization capacity of punica granatum peel biochar is not known. This study investigated the physicochemical properties of punica granatum peel boichars pyrolyzed at 300 °C and 600 °C (referred as BC300 and BC600), and the efficiency and mechanisms of Cu(II) adsorption of five types of material treatments: BC300, BC600, soil only, and soils with biochar amendment BC300 and BC600, respectively, at the rate of 1% of the soil by weight. The results show that BC300 had higher yield, volatile matter content and organic carbon content, and larger pore diameter, but less ash content, surface area, pH, and cation exchange capacity than BC600. The Cu(II) adsorption capacity onto biochars and soils with biochar were greatly influenced by initial ion concentration and contact time. The Cu(II) adsorption capacity of biochar, independent of pyrolysis temperature, was around 52 mg g−1. The adsorption capacity of the soil amended with biochar nearly doubled (29.85 mg g−1) compared to that of the original soil (14.99 mg g−1), indicating superb synergetic adsorption capacity of the biochar-amended soils. The adsorption isotherms showed monolayer adsorption of Cu(II) on biochar, and co-existence of monolayer and multilayer adsorption in soils with or without biochar amendment. Results also suggest that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic, and the rate-limiting phase of the sorption process is primarily chemical. This study demonstrates punica granatum peel biochar has a great potential as an adsorbent for Cu(II) removal in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Cao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Shuguang Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
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Sajjadi B, Chen WY, Egiebor NO. A comprehensive review on physical activation of biochar for energy and environmental applications. REV CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2017-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biochar is a solid by-product of thermochemical conversion of biomass to bio-oil and syngas. It has a carbonaceous skeleton, a small amount of heteroatom functional groups, mineral matter, and water. Biochar’s unique physicochemical structures lead to many valuable properties of important technological applications, including its sorption capacity. Indeed, biochar’s wide range of applications include carbon sequestration, reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, waste management, renewable energy generation, soil amendment, and environmental remediation. Aside from these applications, new scientific insights and technological concepts have continued to emerge in the last decade. Consequently, a systematic update of current knowledge regarding the complex nature of biochar, the scientific and technological impacts, and operational costs of different activation strategies are highly desirable for transforming biochar applications into industrial scales. This communication presents a comprehensive review of physical activation/modification strategies and their effects on the physicochemical properties of biochar and its applications in environment-related fields. Physical activation applied to the activation of biochar is discussed under three different categories: I) gaseous modification by steam, carbon dioxide, air, or ozone; II) thermal modification by conventional heating and microwave irradiation; and III) recently developed modification methods using ultrasound waves, plasma, and electrochemical methods. The activation results are discussed in terms of different physicochemical properties of biochar, such as surface area; micropore, mesopore, and total pore volume; surface functionality; burn-off; ash content; organic compound content; polarity; and aromaticity index. Due to the rapid increase in the application of biochar as adsorbents, the synergistic and antagonistic effects of activation processes on the desired application are also covered.
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Chemical activation of biochar for energy and environmental applications: a comprehensive review. REV CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2018-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biochar (BC) generated from thermal and hydrothermal cracking of biomass is a carbon-rich product with the microporous structure. The graphene-like structure of BC contains different chemical functional groups (e.g. phenolic, carboxylic, carbonylic, etc.), making it a very attractive tool for wastewater treatment, CO2 capture, toxic gas adsorption, soil amendment, supercapacitors, catalytic applications, etc. However, the carbonaceous and mineral structure of BC has a potential to accept more favorable functional groups and discard undesirable groups through different chemical processes. The current review aims at providing a comprehensive overview on different chemical modification mechanisms and exploring their effects on BC physicochemical properties, functionalities, and applications. To reach these objectives, the processes of oxidation (using either acidic or alkaline oxidizing agents), amination, sulfonation, metal oxide impregnation, and magnetization are investigated and compared. The nature of precursor materials, modification preparatory/conditions, and post-modification processes as the key factors which influence the final product properties are considered in detail; however, the focus is dedicated to the most common methods and those with technological importance.
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Gómez X, Meredith W, Fernández C, Sánchez-García M, Díez-Antolínez R, Garzón-Santos J, Snape CE. Evaluating the effect of biochar addition on the anaerobic digestion of swine manure: application of Py-GC/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:25600-25611. [PMID: 29959741 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic digestion process of swine manure was studied when char was used as supplement for improving performance. The use of pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was proposed for assessing the organic matter degradation. The assessment on biogas production was carried out using samples of swine manure (SM) supplemented with char in one case and pre-treated by microwave irradiation in the other. This experimental set-up allows for the comparison of the biological degradation observed under these two different configurations and therefore aids in understanding the effect of char particles on the process. Results showed similar performance for both systems, with an average improvement of 39% being obtained in methane production when compared to the single digestion of SM. The analysis of digestate samples by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Py-GC/MS showed improved degradation of proteins, with the Py-GC/MS technique also capable of identifying an increase in microbial-derived material when char was added, therefore highlighting the relevant role of carbon conductive particles on biological systems. Py-GC/MS along with the use of FTIR spectroscopy has proven to be useful tools when evaluating anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiomar Gómez
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Department, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Avda. de Portugal 41, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - William Meredith
- Faculty of Engineering, The Energy Technologies Building, University of Nottingham, Innovation Park, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK
| | - Camino Fernández
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Department, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Avda. de Portugal 41, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Mario Sánchez-García
- Research Institute of Vine and Wine (IIVV), University of León, Avda. de Portugal 41, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Rebeca Díez-Antolínez
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Department, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Avda. de Portugal 41, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Jorge Garzón-Santos
- Research Institute of Vine and Wine (IIVV), University of León, Avda. de Portugal 41, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Collin E Snape
- Faculty of Engineering, The Energy Technologies Building, University of Nottingham, Innovation Park, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK
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Liu L, Fan S. Removal of cadmium in aqueous solution using wheat straw biochar: effect of minerals and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:8688-8700. [PMID: 29322394 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The biochars were produced from wheat straw (WSBC) at different pyrolytic temperatures. Biochars were characterized by multiple instrumental techniques and were applied to remove Cd from aqueous solution. The removal mechanism was explored, and the quantitative information regarding the relative contribution of related mechanisms to Cd sorption on biochars was provided. The results showed that pseudo-second-order kinetic model, TC (two-compartment) model, and Freundlich isotherm could well fit the process of Cd sorption on biochars. The sorption could be divided into fast and slow adsorption stages. The order of the Cd removal capacity by biochar was WSBC700 > WSBC500 > WSBC300. Adsorption amount of Cd by biochar reduced when the biochar was rinsed with 1.0 M HCl, which indicated that acid-soluble minerals in biochar played an important role during the Cd removal process, especially for the biochar obtained at high pyrolytic temperature. Various equipments were used to investigate the interaction mechanism between biochar and Cd. Mineral precipitation, surface complexation, and cation-π interaction were the main mechanisms of Cd sorption on the biochars. The contribution of cation-π mechanism was in the range of 25.42-48.58%, 2.18-19.30% for surface complexation and 32.12-72.41% for mineral precipitation, respectively. The pyrolytic temperature significantly influenced the removal capacity and mechanism of Cd on biochars. The cation-π mechanism was predominant for biochar obtained at lower pyrolytic temperature. However, mineral precipitation mechanism played a crucial role for biochar obtained at high pyrolytic temperature. These results are helpful for the design or screening of "engineered biochar" to act as sorbents to remove or immobilized Cd in polluted soil or water. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, China
| | - Shisuo Fan
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Son EB, Poo KM, Chang JS, Chae KJ. Heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions using engineered magnetic biochars derived from waste marine macro-algal biomass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:161-168. [PMID: 28964991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite the excellent sorption ability of biochar for heavy metals, it is difficult to separate and reuse after adsorption when applied to wastewater treatment process. To overcome these drawbacks, we developed an engineered magnetic biochar by pyrolyzing waste marine macro-algae as a feedstock, and we doped iron oxide particles (e.g., magnetite, maghemite) to impart magnetism. The physicochemical characteristics and adsorption properties of the biochar were evaluated. When compared to conventional pinewood sawdust biochar, the waste marine algae-based magnetic biochar exhibited a greater potential to remove heavy metals despite having a lower surface area (0.97m2/g for kelp magnetic biochar and 63.33m2/g for hijikia magnetic biochar). Although magnetic biochar could be effectively separated from the solution, however, the magnetization of the biochar partially reduced its heavy metal adsorption efficiency due to the biochar's surface pores becoming plugged with iron oxide particles. Therefore, it is vital to determine the optimum amount of iron doping that maximizes the biochar's separation without sacrificing its heavy metal adsorption efficiency. The optimum concentration of the iron loading solution for the magnetic biochar was determined to be 0.025-0.05mol/L. The magnetic biochar's heavy metal adsorption capability is considerably higher than that of other types of biochar reported previously. Further, it demonstrated a high selectivity for copper, showing two-fold greater removal (69.37mg/g for kelp magnetic biochar and 63.52mg/g for hijikia magnetic biochar) than zinc and cadmium. This high heavy metal removal performance can likely be attributed to the abundant presence of various oxygen-containing functional groups (COOH and OH) on the magnetic biochar, which serve as potential adsorption sites for heavy metals. The unique features of its high heavy metal removal performance and easy separation suggest that the magnetic algae biochar can potentially be applied in diverse areas that require biosorbents for pollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Bi Son
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Poo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Soo Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Jung Chae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea.
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Wang Y, Wang X, Ding Y, Zhou Z, Hao C, Zhou S. Novel sodium lignosulphonate assisted synthesis of well dispersed Fe3O4 microspheres for efficient adsorption of copper (II). POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Wen R, Yuan B, Wang Y, Cao W, Liu Y, Jia Y, Liu Q. Improving Cu(II) sorption by biochar via pyrolyzation under CO 2: the importance of inherent inorganic species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:5105-5114. [PMID: 28730359 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biochar from Spartina alterniflora (SA) and rice straw (RS) under N2/CO2 were evaluated for Cu(II) removal from aqueous solution. The result indicates SA biochar prepared at 700 °C under CO2 can achieve a Cu(II) sorption capacity of 89.12 ± 2.77 mg/g, which is higher than that from N2 by about 50%. CO2 can promote the development of multi-porous structure, enhance specific surface area, and increase the amounts of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on biochar. In addition, CO2 can inhibit the thermal decomposition of inorganic carbonate, such as MgCO3 and CaCO3 in biochar. These matters facilitate Cu(II) removal via the formation of chemical precipitation of Cu2(OH)2CO3. The dissolution of inherent inorganic matter makes Cu(II) transformed into hydrolyzed species or amorphous precipitation, which contributes to about 75% (w/w) of Cu(II) removal. Metal exchange with complexed cations and the formation of basic cupric carbonate are time-consuming and responsible for about 24% (w/w) of Cu(II) removal. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., 200444, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., 200444, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., 200444, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Cao
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., 200444, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., 200444, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Jia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Campus, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., 200444, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Rosales E, Meijide J, Pazos M, Sanromán MA. Challenges and recent advances in biochar as low-cost biosorbent: From batch assays to continuous-flow systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 246:176-192. [PMID: 28688738 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the increasing amount of pollutants and their diversity demand to develop versatile low-cost adsorption systems. The use of biomass feedstock such as agricultural residues, wood chips, manure or municipal solid wastes as source to produce low-cost biosorbent, and the new advances in their synthesis have encouraged remarkable efforts towards the development of biochar "on demand" in which their characteristics can be improved. This new trend opens the potential of biochar application in the removal of pollutants from wastewater, however, its use in environmental management requires the development of full-scale biosorption in engineered systems. Thus, this paper provides a brief review of recent progress in the research and practical application of biochar with a special emphasis on its potential to reduce the pollutants present in wastewater or to render them harmless. Furthermore, research gaps and uncertainties detected in their scale-up in continuous-flow systems are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Rosales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario As Lagoas - Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Jessica Meijide
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario As Lagoas - Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Pazos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario As Lagoas - Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - María Angeles Sanromán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario As Lagoas - Marcosende, E-36310 Vigo, Spain.
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26
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Cha JS, Park SH, Jung SC, Ryu C, Jeon JK, Shin MC, Park YK. Production and utilization of biochar: A review. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 659] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Jung KW, Jeong TU, Kang HJ, Ahn KH. Characteristics of biochar derived from marine macroalgae and fabrication of granular biochar by entrapment in calcium-alginate beads for phosphate removal from aqueous solution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 211:108-16. [PMID: 27010340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, granular biochar, Laminaria japonica-derived biochar (LB)-calcium alginate beads (LB-CAB), was successfully prepared by dropping a mixture of powder biochar and alginate solution into a calcium chloride solution for phosphate adsorption. Among different marine macroalgae derived biochars, LB exhibited the best performance, showing a phosphate removal rate of 97.02%, which was attributed to its high Ca/P and Mg/P ratios. With increasing pyrolysis temperature up to 600°C, the physicochemical properties of LB became suitable for adsorbing phosphate. Experimental results of kinetics and equilibrium isotherms at different temperatures (10-30°C) showed that the phosphate adsorption process is endothermic and is mainly controlled by external mass transfer and the intraparticle diffusion rate. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 157.7mgg(-1) at 30°C, as fitted by the Langmuir-Freundlich model, which is higher than capacities of other powder form of biochars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Won Jung
- Center for Water Resources Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Tae-Un Jeong
- Center for Water Resources Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Ho-Jeong Kang
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Hong Ahn
- Center for Water Resources Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, South Korea.
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28
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29
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Removal of copper(II) in aqueous solution using pyrolytic biochars derived from red macroalga Porphyra tenera. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Rizwan M, Ali S, Qayyum MF, Ibrahim M, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Abbas T, Ok YS. Mechanisms of biochar-mediated alleviation of toxicity of trace elements in plants: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2230-48. [PMID: 26531712 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements (TEs) contamination is one of the main abiotic stresses which limit plant growth and deteriorate the food quality by their entry into food chain. In recent, biochar (BC) soil amendment has been widely reported for the reduction of TE(s) uptake and toxicity in plants. This review summarizes the role of BC in enhancing TE(s) tolerance in plants. Under TE(s) stress, BC application increased plant growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, grain yield, and quality. The key mechanisms evoked are immobilization of TE(s) in the soil, increase in soil pH, alteration of TE(s) redox state in the soil, and improvement in soil physical and biological properties under TE(s) stress. However, these mechanisms vary with plant species, genotypes, growth conditions, duration of stress imposed, BC type, and preparation methods. This review highlights the potential for improving plant resistance to TE(s) stress by BC application and provides a theoretical basis for application of BC in TE(s) contaminated soils worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Centre and Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
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