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Slaby S, Duflot A, Zapater C, Gómez A, Couteau J, Maillet G, Knigge T, Pinto PIS, Monsinjon T. The Dicentrarchus labrax estrogen screen test: A relevant tool to screen estrogen-like endocrine disrupting chemicals in the aquatic environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142601. [PMID: 38880263 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
In response to the need for the diversification of regulatory bioassays to screen estrogen-like endocrine disrupting chemical (EEDC) in the environment, we propose the use of a reporter gene assay involving all nuclear estrogen receptors from Dicentrarchus labrax (i.e., sbEsr1, sbEsr2a, or sbEsr2b). Named DLES test (D. labrax estrogen screen), it aims at complementing existing standardized in vitro tests by implementing more estrogen receptors notably those that do not originate from humans. Positive responses were obtained with all three estrogen receptors, and-consistently with observations from other species-variations in sensitivity to E2 were measured. Sensitivity and EC50 values could be classified as follows: sbEsr2b < sbEsr2a < sbEsr1. The pharmacological characterization with a human estrogen receptor antagonist (fulvestrant) successfully validated the specific involvement of each sbEsr and evidenced the capacity of the DLES test to highlight antagonist interactions. The DLES test was applied to WWTP contaminant extracts. A positive response was detected in the inflow sample in accordance with the YES test, but not in the outflow sample. Notwithstanding, the DLES test (sbEsr2b) exhibited greater sensitivity for the screening of those samples. This study demonstrates the need for more comprehensive testing including representatives of marine species for a better detection of EEDCs. The DLES test appears as a pertinent tool to predict adverse effects and to widen the scope of screening and hazard assessment of EEDCs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Slaby
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), Le Havre, France.
| | - Aurélie Duflot
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), Le Havre, France.
| | - Cinta Zapater
- Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellon, Spain.
| | - Ana Gómez
- Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellon, Spain.
| | | | | | - Thomas Knigge
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), Le Havre, France.
| | - Patrícia I S Pinto
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Faro, Portugal.
| | - Tiphaine Monsinjon
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), Le Havre, France.
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Souza DND, Mounteer AH, Arcanjo GS. Estrogenic compounds in drinking water: A systematic review and risk analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142463. [PMID: 38821126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Estrogenic compounds are the endocrine disruptors that receive major attention because of their ability to imitate the natural female hormone, 17β-estradiol and cause adverse effects on the reproductive system of animals. The presence of estrogenic compounds in drinking water is a warning to assess the risks to which human beings are exposed. The present work has the objectives of carrying out a systematic review of studies that investigated estrogenic compounds in drinking water around the world and estimate the human health and estrogenic activity risks, based on the concentrations of each compound reported. The systematic review returned 505 scientific papers from the Web of Science®, SCOPUS® and PubMED® databases and after careful analysis, 45 papers were accepted. Sixteen estrogenic compounds were identified in drinking water, from the classes of hormones, pharmaceutical drugs and personal care products, plasticizers, corrosion inhibitors, pesticides and surfactants. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the compound found at the highest concentration, reaching a value of 1.43 mg/L. Non-carcinogenic human health risk was classified as high for 17α-ethynilestradiol and DEHP, medium for dibutyl phthalate, and low for bisphenol A. The estrogenic activity risks were negligible for all the compounds, except DEHP, with a low risk. None of the estrogenic compounds presented an unacceptable carcinogenic risk, due to estrogenic activity. However, the risk assessment did not evaluate the interactions between compounds, that occurs in drinking water and can increase the risks and adverse effects to human health. Nonetheless, this study demonstrates the need for improvement of drinking water treatment plants, with more efficient technologies for micropollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deisi N de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente, Águas e Saneamento, Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40210-630, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ann H Mounteer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Gemima S Arcanjo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente, Águas e Saneamento, Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40210-630, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Profita M, Fabbri E, Vasumini I, Valbonesi P. Endocrine disrupting chemicals in Italian drinking water systems: Insights from a three-year investigation combining chemical and effect-based tools. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26785. [PMID: 38463797 PMCID: PMC10920174 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Drinking water quality can be compromised by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Three phenolic compounds [bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), and 4-octylphenol (OP)] and three hormones [17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)] were analyzed as EDCs potentially occurring in source and drinking water from three full-scale drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in the Romagna area (Italy) by a combined approach of HPLC-MS/MS target analysis and effect-based tests for estrogenicity and genotoxicity. The EDC removal efficiency was evaluated at different steps along the treatment process in the most advanced DWTP. NP prevailed in all samples, followed by BPA. Sporadic contamination by OP and E1/E2 appeared only in the source waters; EE2 was never detected. No estrogenic or genotoxic activity was found, except for two samples showing estrogenicity well below the effect-based trigger value suggested for drinking water safety (0.9 ng/L EEQ). BPA and NP levels were largely below the threshold value; however, increases were observed after the intermediate steps of the treatment chain. The good quality of the water relied on the last step, i.e. the activated carbon filtration. DWTPs may represent an extra source of EDCs and monitoring chemical occurrence at all steps of the process is advisable to improve efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Profita
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna, Italy
| | - E. Fabbri
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna, Italy
| | - I. Vasumini
- Romagna Acque Società delle Fonti SpA, Forlì, Italy
| | - P. Valbonesi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna, Italy
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Struzina L, Pineda M, Yargeau V. Occurrence and removal of legacy plasticizers and flame retardants through a drinking water treatment plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169333. [PMID: 38097079 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of thirty-four flame retardants and plasticizers throughout treatment steps in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) was analyzed to assess removal efficiencies of filtration, ultraviolet (UV) treatment, and chlorination. Legacy compounds and replacements were included to compare their presence and persistence. Twenty-four-hour composite sampling, offset to account for retention time, was performed at a direct filtration DWTP in Montreal, Canada over a three-day period. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), considered legacy flame retardants, were infrequently detected or at concentrations <1 ng/L. When overall removal efficiencies could be calculated, the removal of ∑7PBDEs was 49 and 94 % for days 2 and 3, respectively. No removal could be calculated on day 1 as PBDEs were only detected in finished drinking water. Higher brominated PBDEs BDE-183 and BDE-154 were only detected in raw water. Organophosphate esters (OPEs), considered replacement flame retardants, were frequently detected in all water samples. The total average concentration of ∑15OPes was 501 ng/L in raw water and 162 ng/L in drinking water, with an average removal efficiency of 67 %. OPEs were mainly removed during filtration, with TCIPP, TDCIPP, and TPHP showing statistically significant removal of 76, 84, and 95 %, respectively. The total average concentration of ∑8plasticizers was 2938 ng/L in raw water and 116 ng/L in drinking water. All plasticizers, except for metabolite MEHP, had significant removal from filtration, and the overall removal of plasticizers ranged from 20 % for DEP to 99 % for DEHP. Drinking water treatment decreases the concentration of these contaminants in drinking water but was less effective in removing flame retardants than plasticizers, as indicated by their higher number of PBDEs detected and higher concentrations of OPEs measured. To our knowledge, it is the first report of the removal of PBDEs, OPE metabolites and plasticizer replacements (DEHA, DIDA, DINCH, DINP) during drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Struzina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 rue University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Marco Pineda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 rue University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Viviane Yargeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 rue University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0C5, Canada.
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Wee SY, Aris AZ, Yusoff FM, Praveena SM. Public perception on human exposure risk: A case study on endocrine disrupting compounds in the environment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115830. [PMID: 38141339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to environmental risks owing to the broad usage of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). However, the subjective evaluation of risk levels and characteristics, as well as the variation in risk processing, have not been thoroughly examined. The objective was to understand the public's perception of the risk associated with human exposure to environmental EDCs and identify any variations in risk perception. In this pioneering study conducted within the distinctive social and cultural context of Malaysia, a developing nation, a quantitative analysis approach was employed to assess the subjective evaluation of risk levels and characteristics among the public while developing a risk perception model. Data gathered from surveys and questionnaires were analyzed to gather information on the public's perception of environmental and health issues pertaining to pesticides, hormones, plastics, medicines, and cosmetics. The analysis revealed that the majority of the public assessed the level of human exposure to environmental risks based on experiential processing, which was influenced by cognitive and affective variables. Interestingly, a higher proportion of individuals in the community had a low risk perception of environmental EDCs, surpassing the overall risk perception by 19.3%. Furthermore, the public showed significant awareness of environmental and health issues related to pesticides, hormones, and plastics but had a lesser inclination to acknowledge the vulnerability of humans to risks associated with medicines and cosmetics. These findings suggest that the public is likely to be exposed to environmental EDCs based on their current perceived risks, and that sociopsychological factors play a significant role in shaping perceptions and judgments. This understanding can inform the development of targeted risk management strategies and interventions to mitigate the potential harm caused by environmental EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Yee Wee
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - Fatimah Md Yusoff
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sarva Mangala Praveena
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Jan S, Mishra AK, Bhat MA, Bhat MA, Jan AT. Pollutants in aquatic system: a frontier perspective of emerging threat and strategies to solve the crisis for safe drinking water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:113242-113279. [PMID: 37864686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Water is an indispensable natural resource and is the most vital substance for the existence of life on earth. However, due to anthropogenic activities, it is being polluted at an alarming rate which has led to serious concern about water shortage across the world. Moreover, toxic contaminants released into water bodies from various industrial and domestic activities negatively affect aquatic and terrestrial organisms and cause serious diseases such as cancer, renal problems, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and nausea in humans. Therefore, water treatments that can eliminate toxins are very crucial. Unfortunately, pollution treatment remains a difficulty when four broad considerations are taken into account: effectiveness, reusability, environmental friendliness, and affordability. In this situation, protecting water from contamination or creating affordable remedial techniques has become a serious issue. Although traditional wastewater treatment technologies have existed since antiquity, they are both expensive and inefficient. Nowadays, advanced sustainable technical approaches are being created to replace traditional wastewater treatment processes. The present study reviews the sources, toxicity, and possible remediation techniques of the water contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234, J&K, India
| | | | - Mujtaba Aamir Bhat
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234, J&K, India
| | - Mudasir Ahmad Bhat
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234, J&K, India
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234, J&K, India.
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Tsai WT. Survey on the Environmental Risks of Bisphenol A and Its Relevant Regulations in Taiwan: An Environmental Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical of Increasing Concern. TOXICS 2023; 11:722. [PMID: 37755733 PMCID: PMC10535487 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) has been identified as one of the endocrine disruptors or endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Due to its massive production (over 700,000 tons per year) and the extensive use of BPA-based plastics (i.e., polycarbonate and epoxy resin) in Taiwan, it was thus included as a toxic substance by the Ministry of Environment. This work surveyed the updated information about the production of BPA and its environmental distribution in Taiwan over the past decade. Furthermore, the regulatory strategies and countermeasures for managing the environmental risks of BPA by the Taiwan government were summarized to show the cross-ministerial efforts under the relevant acts, including the Toxic and Concerned Chemical Substances Control Act (TCCSCA), the Food Sanitation Management Act (FSMA) and the Commodity Inspection Act (CIA). The findings showed that most monitoring data were far below the acceptable risks. However, people may pose an adverse threat to the aquatic environment and human health via ecological and food chains. In addition, some countermeasures were further recommended to echo the international actions on environmental endocrine disruptors in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tien Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
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Khairul Hasni NA, Anual ZF, Rashid SA, Syed Abu Thahir S, Veloo Y, Fang KS, Mazeli MI. Occurrence of endocrine disruptors in Malaysia's water systems: A scoping review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121095. [PMID: 36682614 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of water systems with endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is becoming a major public health concern due to their toxicity and ubiquity. The intrusion of EDCs into water sources and drinking water has been associated with various adverse health effects on humans. However, there is no comprehensive overview of the occurrence of EDCs in Malaysia's water systems. This report aims to describe the occurrence of EDCs and their locations. Literature search was conducted electronically in two databases (PubMed and Scopus). A total of 41 peer-reviewed articles published between January 2000 and May 2021 were selected. Most of the articles dealt with pharmaceuticals (16), followed by pesticides (7), hormones (7), mixed compounds (7), and plasticisers (4). Most studies (40/41) were conducted in Peninsular Malaysia, with 60.9% in the central region and almost half (48.8%) in the Selangor State. Only one study was conducted in the northern region and East Malaysia. The Langat River, the Klang River, and the Selangor River were among the most frequently studied EDC-contaminated surface waters, while the Pahang River and the Skudai River had the highest concentrations of some of the listed compounds. Most of the risk assessments resulted in a hazard quotient (HQ) and a risk quotient (RQ) < 1, indicating negligible health risk, except for ciprofloxacin and dexamethasone, which had a potential human health risk (HQHH) > 1 in the Selangor River. An RQ > 1 for combined pharmaceuticals was found in Putrajaya tap water. Overall, this work provides a comprehensive overview of the occurrence of EDCs in Malaysia's water systems. The findings from this review can be used to mitigate risks and strengthen legislation and policies for safer drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Amalina Khairul Hasni
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
| | - Zurahanim Fasha Anual
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aishah Rashid
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - Syahidiah Syed Abu Thahir
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - Yuvaneswary Veloo
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - Khor Sok Fang
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Iqbal Mazeli
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
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Lazofsky A, Buckley B. Recent Trends in Multiclass Analysis of Emerging Endocrine Disrupting Contaminants (EDCs) in Drinking Water. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248835. [PMID: 36557967 PMCID: PMC9781274 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of water is a major route of human exposure to environmental contaminants. There have been numerous studies exploring the different compounds present in drinking water, with recent attention drawn to a new class of emerging contaminants: endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). EDCs encompass a broad range of physio-chemically diverse compounds; from naturally occurring to manmade. Environmentally, EDCs are found as mixtures containing multiple classes at trace amounts. Human exposure to EDCs, even at low concentrations, is known to lead to adverse health effects. Therefore, the ability to evaluate EDC contamination with a high degree of sensitivity and accuracy is of the utmost importance. This review includes (i) discussion on the perceived and actual risks associated with EDC exposure (ii) regulatory actions that look to limit EDC contamination (iii) analytical methods, including sample preparation, instrumentation and bioassays that have been advanced and employed for multiclass EDC identification and quantitation.
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Yu M, Mapuskar S, Lavonen E, Oskarsson A, McCleaf P, Lundqvist J. Artificial infiltration in drinking water production: Addressing chemical hazards using effect-based methods. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118776. [PMID: 35763929 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Artificial infiltration is an established managed aquifer recharge method that is commonly incorporated into drinking water processes. However, groundwater sourced from this type of purification method is prone to contamination with chemical hazards. Such an instance was previously shown at a Swedish DWTP where the river water was contaminated by hazardous chemicals during artificial infiltration. Further, there remains a paucity of research studying the quality of drinking water following this type of treatment from an effect-based bioanalytical perspective. In the current study, an effect-based assessment for chemical hazards was conducted for a Swedish drinking water system comprised of two DWTPs fed artificially-infiltrated river water. In this system, artificial infiltration of the river water takes approximately six to eight months. A sampling event was conducted in the autumn season and the samples were enriched by solid phase extraction. A panel of cell-based reporter gene assays representing several toxicity pathways was selected: oxidative stress response (Nrf2 activity), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation, and hormone receptor-mediated effects (estrogen receptor [ER], androgen receptor [AR]). AhR and ER bioactivities were detected in samples collected from the river intake and in the open-air infiltration basins prior to artificial infiltration. However, the AhR activity decreased and ER activity was effectively removed following artificial infiltration. In the Nrf2 and AR assays, no bioactivities above cut-off levels were detected in any samples collected along the entire treatment process of the drinking water production from source to tap. Using a suite of bioassays, the current study highlighted the effectiveness of artificial infiltration in reducing bioactive compounds in this raw river water. Although artificial infiltration is a common purification method in drinking water production, the limited number of effect-based studies evaluating the effectiveness of this method emphasizes the need for further research to better understand the risks and benefits of this water treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, Uppsala 750 07, Sweden.
| | - Shreya Mapuskar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, Uppsala 750 07, Sweden
| | - Elin Lavonen
- BioCell Analytica, Ulls väg 29C, Uppsala 756 51, Sweden
| | - Agneta Oskarsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, Uppsala 750 07, Sweden; BioCell Analytica, Ulls väg 29C, Uppsala 756 51, Sweden
| | - Philip McCleaf
- Uppsala Vatten och Avfall AB, Box 1444, Uppsala 751 44, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundqvist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, Uppsala 750 07, Sweden; BioCell Analytica, Ulls väg 29C, Uppsala 756 51, Sweden
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Okpara KE, Phoungthong K, Agbozu I, Edwin-Isotu E, Techato K. Phthalate Esters in Tap Water, Southern Thailand: Daily Exposure and Cumulative Health Risk in Infants, Lactating Mothers, Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:2187. [PMID: 35206375 PMCID: PMC8871872 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to phthalate esters (PAEs) via drinking water has generated public health concerns due to their endocrine disruptive abilities. This study reports on the occurrence and fate of six PAEs in raw and tap water samples collected from provincial waterworks located in Songkhla Province, Southern Thailand. In addition, the daily exposure and cumulative health risk of susceptible populations due to drinking tap water were evaluated by using four different reference dose (RfDs) sources. The maximum concentrations of PAEs in raw water were between 1.68 and 4.84 and 0.52 and 1.24 µg/L in tap water. Moreover, the levels of PAEs in the tap water samples indicated the poor PAEs removal efficiency of the conventional treatment process (59.9-69.1%). The contribution of water to the daily intake of PAEs did not exceed 0.37% in all the groups. Furthermore, both the individual and cumulative risk assessment showed negligible noncarcinogenic and antiandrogenic risk for all the groups. Nevertheless, the cumulative risk showed an increasing trend in the order of infants > lactating mothers > pregnant women > nonpregnant women, suggesting that infants are more vulnerable. In additional, the newly proposed RfDAA yielded higher hazard quotient and hazard index estimates, which indicates it is a more sensitive tool than other RfDs for the assessment of the individual and mixture risk of pollutants. The carcinogenic risk of DEHP was acceptable in every group. However, we recommend a future cumulative risk assessment of vulnerable groups considering their simultaneous exposure to all chemicals that have antiandrogenic effects via tap water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley Ezechukwu Okpara
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (K.E.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Khamphe Phoungthong
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (K.E.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Iwekumo Agbozu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Africa, Toru-Orua 561101, Nigeria;
| | - Edeh Edwin-Isotu
- Centre for Environmental Management and Control, University of Nigeria, Enugu 400001, Nigeria;
| | - Kuaanan Techato
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (K.E.O.); (K.T.)
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Lu IC, Chao HR, Mansor WNW, Peng CW, Hsu YC, Yu TY, Chang WH, Fu LM. Levels of Phthalates, Bisphenol-A, Nonylphenol, and Microplastics in Fish in the Estuaries of Northern Taiwan and the Impact on Human Health. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9100246. [PMID: 34678942 PMCID: PMC8540681 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to the sparsity in knowledge, we investigated the presence of various estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EEDCs), including phthalates (PAEs), bisphenol-A (BPA), and nonylphenol (NP), as well as microplastics (MPs) in samples of the most widely consumed fish collected from different estuaries in northern Taiwan. We then proceeded to determine the likely contribution that this exposure has on the potential for health impacts in humans following consumption of the fish. Six hundred fish caught from five river estuaries (producing 130 pooled samples) were analyzed to determine how different factors (such as the river, benthic, pelagic, and migratory species) influence EEDCs’ contamination and the possible impacts on human health following typical consumption patterns. The predominant EEDCs was diethyl phthalates (DEP), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalates (DEHP), and di-iso-nonylphthalate (DINP) in fish, present at 52.9 ± 77.3, 45.3 ± 79.8, and 42.5 ± 79.3 ng/g dry weight (d.w.), respectively. Residual levels of NP, BPA, and MPs in the fish were 17.4 ± 29.1 and 1.50 ± 2.20 ng/g d.w. and 0.185 ± 0.338 mg/g d.w., respectively. EEDCs and MPs levels varied widely among the five river estuaries sampled due, in part, to differences in habitat types and the associated diversity of fish species sampled. For DEP, the Lao-Jie River and pelagic environments produced the most severely contaminated fish species, respectively. DEP residues were also associated with the burden of MPs in the fish. Based on our analysis, we predict no substantial direct human health risk by EEDCs based on typical consumption rates of estuarine fish by the Taiwanese people. However, other sources of EEDC exposure cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Cheng Lu
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
| | - How-Ran Chao
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
- Institute of Food Safety Management, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 1201, Taiwan
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-87703202 (ext. 7517); Fax: +886-87740256
| | - Wan-Nurdiyana-Wan Mansor
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology & Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21300, Malaysia;
| | - Chun-Wei Peng
- Covalent Bond Technical Services, Ltd., Taipei 104051, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chyun Hsu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kun Shan University, Tainan 71003, Taiwan;
| | - Tai-Yi Yu
- Department of Risk Management and Insurance, Ming Chuan University, Taipei 11103, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Hsiang Chang
- Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Lung-Ming Fu
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
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Current advances in treatment technologies for removal of emerging contaminants from water – A critical review. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Prichystalova R, Caron-Beaudoin E, Richardson L, Dirkx E, Amadou A, Zavodna T, Cihak R, Cogliano V, Hynes J, Pelland-St-Pierre L, Verner MA, van Tongeren M, Ho V. An approach to classifying occupational exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals by sex hormone function using an expert judgment process. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:753-768. [PMID: 32704083 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-0253-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that interfere with the endocrine system and cause adverse effects. We aimed to classify the effects of 24 known EDCs, prevalent in certain occupations, according to four modes of action (estrogenic, antiestrogenic, androgenic, and/or antiandrogenic). A literature search, stratified into four types of literature was conducted (namely: national and international agency reports; review articles; primary studies; ToxCastTM). The state of the evidence of each EDC on sex hormone function was summarized and reviewed by an expert panel. For each mode of action, the experts evaluated the likelihood of endocrine disruption in five categories: "No", "Unlikely", "Possibly", "Probably", and "Yes". Seven agents were categorized as "Yes," or having strong evidence for their effects on sex hormone function (antiandrogenic: lead, arsenic, butylbenzyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate; estrogenic: nonylphenol, bisphenol A). Nine agents were categorized as "Probable," or having probable evidence (antiandrogenic: bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, nonylphenol, toluene, bisphenol A, diisononyl phthalate; androgenic: cadmium; estrogenic: copper, cadmium and; anti-estrogenic: lead). Two agents (arsenic, polychlorinated biphenyls) had opposing conclusions supporting both "probably" estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects. This synthesis will allow researchers to evaluate the health effects of selected EDCs with an added level of precision related to the mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Prichystalova
- Faculty of Safety Engineering, Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - E Caron-Beaudoin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - L Richardson
- Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - E Dirkx
- Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - A Amadou
- Département Prévention Cancer Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Inserm UA 08 Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environement, Lyon, France
| | - T Zavodna
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Cihak
- Výzkumný ústav organických syntéz a.s., Centre for Ecology, Toxicology and Analytics, Rybitví, Czech Republic
| | - V Cogliano
- National Center for Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J Hynes
- JH Tox Consulting, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - L Pelland-St-Pierre
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M A Verner
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en santé publique (CReSP), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M van Tongeren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - V Ho
- Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Zorzo CF, Inticher JJ, Borba FH, Cabrera LC, Dugatto JS, Baroni S, Kreutz GK, Seibert D, Bergamasco R. Oxidative degradation and mineralization of the endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol-A by an eco-friendly system based on UV-solar/H 2O 2 with reduction of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity levels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:145296. [PMID: 33736423 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A solar-driven advanced oxidation process at a lab scale was studied for the degradation and mineralization of the known endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), bisphenol A (BPA). Preliminary tests were performed varying the irradiation source, BPA/H2O2 ratio, temperature, initial H2O2 concentration, initial solution pH, and initial BPA concentration, then, the operational conditions of the UV-solar/H2O2 were optimized by a response surface methodology (RSM), providing the following responses: UV-solar/H2O2 process at pH 3.0, [BPA]0 = 25 mg L-1, [H2O2] = 350 mg L-1, T = 50 °C, achieving BPA degradation of 77.4% and BPA mineralization of 38.2%, H2O2 consumption of 230 mg L-1. From the optimized condition, different pH ranges were tested (3.0; 5.0; 7.0; 9.0; and 11.0), where, at solution pH 5.0 the best removal rates were achieved (89.2% BPA degradation and 49.0% BPA mineralization). The BPA amount in solution was monitored by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and a study of the intermediate reaction by-products was performed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses, highlighting the lower amount of by-products identified when the solution pH 5.0 was employed, rather than the solution pH 3.0. Genotoxicity tests with Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and cytotoxicity tests with Allium cepa were performed aiming to evaluate errors in the cells and nuclear abnormalities of the tested organisms induced by BPA raw samples, as well as by the BPA samples treated by the UV-solar/H2O2 process. Therefore, the bio-toxicity levels for an animal and a vegetal bio-indicator were reduced by applying a renewable source of energy as the irradiation source for the UV/H2O2 process, representing an efficient and eco-friendly alternative for BPA treatment in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila F Zorzo
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rua Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-00 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jonas J Inticher
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rua Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-00 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando H Borba
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rua Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-00 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Liziara C Cabrera
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rua Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-00 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Jonas S Dugatto
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rua Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-00 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Suzymeire Baroni
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rua Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-00 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo K Kreutz
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rua Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-00 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiana Seibert
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringa - UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringa, Parana CEP: 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Bergamasco
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringa - UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringa, Parana CEP: 87020-900, Brazil
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Seibert D, Zorzo CF, Borba FH, de Souza RM, Quesada HB, Bergamasco R, Baptista AT, Inticher JJ. Occurrence, statutory guideline values and removal of contaminants of emerging concern by Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:141527. [PMID: 33113672 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of chemical compounds are used in human activities; however, part of these compounds reach surface water, groundwater and even water considered for potable uses. Due to the limited efficiency of water treatment by the Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants, the presence of these compounds in natural and human consumption waters can be very harmful due to their high persistence and adverse effects; these characteristics define the contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Water treatment by Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes (EAOPs) has been evaluated as a promising process for the removal of persistent and recalcitrant organic contaminants. With this background, the present review aims to gather studies and information published between 2015 and 2020 regarding the occurrence of CECs in surface, potable and groundwater, its treatment by EAOPs, the main operating conditions and by-product generation of EAOPs, contaminant toxicity assessments and international statutory guideline values concerning CEC standards and allowable concentrations in the environment and treated drinking water. Therefore, in this review it was found that the compounds bisphenol A (BPA), diethyltoluamide (DEET), 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), carbamazepine, caffeine and atrazine were the most frequently detected in water sources, with concentrations ranging from 35.54-4800, 1.21-98, 0.005-38.5, 5-742.904, 0.0071-586, 0.89-1040, and 100-323 (ng L-1), respectively. Among the operational conditions of EAOPs, current density, pH and oxidant concentration are the main operational parameters that have an influence on these treatment technologies, besides the by-products generated, which might be removed by the integration of EAOPs with biological digestion treatments. Regarding the values of water quality standards, many CECs do not have established standard allowable concentration values, which represents a concern toward the possible toxic effects of these compounds on non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Seibert
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringa - UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringa, Parana CEP: 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Camila F Zorzo
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rua Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-00 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando H Borba
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rua Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-00 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata M de Souza
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringa - UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringa, Parana CEP: 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Heloise B Quesada
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringa - UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringa, Parana CEP: 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Bergamasco
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringa - UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringa, Parana CEP: 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Aline T Baptista
- Academic Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Federal Technology University of Parana - UTFPR, Via Rosalina Maria dos Santos, 1233.CEP 87301-899 - Caixa Postal: 271, Campo Mourão, PR, Brazil
| | - Jonas J Inticher
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rua Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-00 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
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Sablas MM, de Luna MDG, Garcia-Segura S, Chen CW, Chen CF, Dong CD. Percarbonate mediated advanced oxidation completely degrades recalcitrant pesticide imidacloprid: Role of reactive oxygen species and transformation products. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Occurrence of multiclass endocrine disrupting compounds in a drinking water supply system and associated risks. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17755. [PMID: 33082440 PMCID: PMC7576597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination by endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) concerns the security and sustainability of a drinking water supply system and human exposure via water consumption. This study analyzed the selected EDCs in source (river water, n = 10) and supply (tap water, n = 155) points and the associated risks. A total of 14 multiclass EDCs was detected in the drinking water supply system in Malaysia. Triclosan (an antimicrobial agent) and 4-octylphenol (a plasticizer) were only detected in the tap water (up to 9.74 and 0.44 ng/L, respectively). Meanwhile, chloramphenicol and 4-nonylphenol in the system were below the method detection limits. Bisphenol A was observed to be highest in tap water at 66.40 ng/L (detection: 100%; median concentration: 0.28 ng/L). There was a significant difference in triclosan contamination between the river and tap water (p < 0.001). Overall, the life groups were estimated at no possible risk of EDCs (risk quotient < 1). Nonetheless, the results concern the transport and impact of EDCs on the drinking water supply system regarding treatment sustainability and water security. Further exploration of smart monitoring and management using Big Data and Internet of Things and the need to invent rapid, robust, sensitive, and efficient sensors is warranted.
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Bach C, Rosin C, Munoz JF, Dauchy X. National screening study investigating nine phthalates and one adipate in raw and treated tap water in France. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:36476-36486. [PMID: 32556996 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the potential exposure of much of the French population to nine phthalates and bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) due to water consumption. The occurrence of these compounds was investigated in raw and treated water from public water systems. Water samples were collected in one sampling campaign equally distributed across 101 French départements (a French administrative unit) from November 2015 to July 2016. In all, 271 raw water samples and 283 treated water samples were collected. A specific sampling protocol was conducted in order to assess phthalate pollution during sampling and analysis, and to produce reliable results. Field blanks were thus collected at the same time as real samples at each sampling point. The contamination detected in field blanks was due to diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), which are common phthalate interferences in blanks. Their concentrations were never ten times higher than the limits of quantification (LOQ). In tap water, the most frequently detected compound was DBP, at a maximum concentration of 1300 ng/L. In raw water, however, DEP was the most frequently detected analyte with concentrations ranging from 255 to 406 ng/L, while DIBP was observed at a maximum concentration of 1650 ng/L. It is worth mentioning that DEHP-the most widely used phthalate-was only detected in one sample of raw water. Phthalates are not concentrated in any particular area of France in either raw or treated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bach
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Hydrology, Water Chemistry Department, 40 Rue Lionnois, 54000, Nancy, France.
| | - Christophe Rosin
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Hydrology, Water Chemistry Department, 40 Rue Lionnois, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-François Munoz
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Hydrology, Water Chemistry Department, 40 Rue Lionnois, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Xavier Dauchy
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Hydrology, Water Chemistry Department, 40 Rue Lionnois, 54000, Nancy, France
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de Luna MDG, Sablas MM, Hung CM, Chen CW, Garcia-Segura S, Dong CD. Modeling and optimization of imidacloprid degradation by catalytic percarbonate oxidation using artificial neural network and Box-Behnken experimental design. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126254. [PMID: 32155499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to its toxicity and persistence, pesticide pollution poses a serious threat to human health and the environment. Imidacloprid or IMD is an archetypal neonicotinoid insecticide commonly used to protect a variety of crops worldwide. The present study examines the applicability of two numerical tools -- artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology - Box Behnken design (RSM-BBD) -- to model and optimize oxidative IMD degradation by sodium percarbonate (SPC). The influences of SPC dose, Fe2+ catalyst dosage, and solution pH on IMD removal were evaluated. An ANN composed of an input layer with three neurons, a hidden layer with eight optimum neurons, and an output layer with one neuron was developed to map the complex non-linear process at different levels. Seventeen designed runs of different experimental conditions were derived from RSM-BBD. These experimental conditions and their response values showed to be best fitted in a reduced cubic model equation. Sensitivity analyses revealed the relative importance of the various components: Fe2+ (40.4%) > pH (31.1%) > SPC dose (28.5%). The two model were highly predictive with overall coefficients of determination and root-mean-square errors of 0.9983 and 0.31 for ANN, while 0.9996 and 0.20 for RSM-BBD. Overall, the present study established ANN and RSM-BBD as valuable and effective tools for catalytic SPC oxidation of IMD contaminants. SPC is a cleaner alternative to other oxidants for pesticide degradation as it is non-toxic, safe to handle, and produces by-products that inherently exist in the natural water matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Daniel G de Luna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines; Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines.
| | - Michael M Sablas
- Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Chang-Mao Hung
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Sergi Garcia-Segura
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, United States
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan.
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21
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Kibambe MG, Momba MNB, Daso AP, Van Zijl MC, Coetzee MAA. Efficiency of selected wastewater treatment processes in removing estrogen compounds and reducing estrogenic activity using the T47D-KBLUC reporter gene assay. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 260:110135. [PMID: 32090831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) consisting of natural and synthetic estrogens, namely estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) was quantified in wastewater samples. The aim of this study was to assess the removal efficiency for the selected estrogens (E1, E2, E3 and EE2) and reduction of estrogenic activity in wastewater samples from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using different processes. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods were used to quantify the selected estrogens in wastewater samples. Estrogenic activity was assessed using the T47D-KBluc gene reporter assay. Results revealed a decrease in estrogen concentrations observed in the effluents of all the WWTPs, except for E2 at Daspoort where no removal was noted. In general, the highest removal for total estrogens was observed at Phola (84%) combining three processes (AP, BF and wetland). The AS at Daspoort had a highest removal of 75% for E3; while at Zeekoegat the highest removal reached 61% for EE2. The PST at Daspoort had no removal recorded for all the compounds, except for the EE2 (33%). The AP and BF systems at Phola contributed to a higher removal of selected compounds. Downstream of the wetland at Phola no removal was recorded for E3; while the highest removal reached 61% for E1. The best performance in terms of the overall influent-to-effluent removal efficiency was observed at Phola WWTP, where E1 removal of 85% was recorded. The highest estrogenic activity in the effluent was reported at Phola, with an average estradiol equivalent (EEQ) value of 6.3 ± 6.7 ng/L. However, no anti-estrogenic activity was detected in any of the samples. The daily mass load discharged from the effluent of the three WWTPs was higher for E1 recorded at Zeekoegat (8002.3 ± 6416.3 mg/d), followed by Daspoort (3509.8 ± 849.0 mg/d) and finally Phola (176.1 ± 34.9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyasu Grace Kibambe
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Science, Faculty of Science Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Maggie N B Momba
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Science, Faculty of Science Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - A P Daso
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Science, Faculty of Science Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - M C Van Zijl
- Department of Urology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, 007, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marthie A A Coetzee
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Science, Faculty of Science Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
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22
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Spina F, Gea M, Bicchi C, Cordero C, Schilirò T, Varese GC. Ecofriendly laccases treatment to challenge micropollutants issue in municipal wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113579. [PMID: 31810716 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a multidisciplinary approach investigated the enzymatic degradation of micropollutants in real, not modified, municipal wastewaters of a plant located in Italy. Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction combined to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric detection (SBSE-GC-MS) was applied to profile targeted pollutants in wastewaters collected after the primary sedimentation (W1) and the final effluent (W2). Fifteen compounds were detected at ng/L - μg/L, including pesticides, personal care products (PCPs) and drugs. The most abundant micropollutants were bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diethyl phthalate and ketoprofen. Laccases of Trametes pubescens MUT 2400 were very active against all the target micropollutants: except few cases, their concentration was reduced more than 60%. Chemical analysis and environmental risk do not always come together. To verify whether the treated wastewaters can represent a stressor for the aquatic ecosystem, toxicity was also evaluated. Raphidocelis subcapitata and Lepidium sativum tests showed a clear ecotoxicity reduction, even though they did not evenly respond. Two in vitro tests (E-screen test and MELN assay) were used to evaluate the estrogenic activity. Treatments already operating in the plant (e.g. activated sludge) partially reduced the estradiol equivalent concentration, and it was almost negligible after the laccases treatment. The results of this study suggest that laccases of T. pubescens are promising biocatalysts for the micropollutants transformation in wastewaters and surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Spina
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Gea
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia, 94, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Cordero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Tiziana Schilirò
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia, 94, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cristina Varese
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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Wee SY, Aris AZ, Yusoff FM, Praveena SM. Occurrence and risk assessment of multiclass endocrine disrupting compounds in an urban tropical river and a proposed risk management and monitoring framework. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 671:431-442. [PMID: 30933799 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are an emerging environmental concern and commonly occur as a mixture of compounds. The EDC mixture can be more toxic than any single compound. The present study analyses EDCs in surface water in the case of an urban tropical river, the Langat River, using the multiresidue analytical method of solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS). The Langat River is used as a drinking water source and is treated for Malaysian drinking water supply. A total of 14 EDCs i.e. five hormones, seven pharmaceuticals, one pesticide, and one plasticizer were detected. Caffeine was observed to be highest at 19.33 ng/L, followed by bisphenol A and diclofenac at 8.24 ng/L and 6.15 ng/L, respectively. Using a conservative risk quotient (RQ) method, EDCs were estimated for having negligible risks under acute and chronic exposure (RQ < 0.002 and RQmix < 0.003; RQ < 0.01), suggesting that there is currently an insignificant ecological risk related to these compounds in the Langat River riverine ecosystem. However, the presence of EDCs in surface water raises concerns about potential human exposure to EDCs via dietary intake i.e. food and drinking water supply. Although the ecological risks are considered negligible, these risks should not be neglected in terms of future prioritization and risk management. Improvements in water quality monitoring and risk assessment in water source protection are required to support a multibarrier approach to managing drinking water supply systems for safe water supply. The present study proposes a risk management and monitoring framework for EDCs to support the aforementioned multibarrier approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Yee Wee
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Fatimah Md Yusoff
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sarva Mangala Praveena
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Mansouri L, Tizaoui C, Geissen SU, Bousselmi L. A comparative study on ozone, hydrogen peroxide and UV based advanced oxidation processes for efficient removal of diethyl phthalate in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 363:401-411. [PMID: 30321845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Several Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) including O3/H2O2, O3/TiO2, O3/activated carbon (AC), O3/Al2O3, O3/Fe2+/H2O2 and UV/TiO2 have been investigated and compared for the removal of diethyl phthalate (DEP), an endocrine disrupting compound, in aqueous solutions. Hydroxyl radicals were the main species responsible for DEP degradation and this was supported by computational chemistry calculation, scavenger experiments, and LC/MS/MS analysis. The change of the abundance of reaction products over time was determined. Organic acids as well as anhydride and hydroxylated products were found to accumulate in solution even after long reaction time (2 h). Careful choice of the operating parameters (pH, ozone concentration and catalyst dosage) was crucial to achieve enhanced performance of the combined processes above what each oxidant and catalyst can achieve alone. O3/AC process was found to reduce the oxidation efficiency of O3 at high ozone concentrations. Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation with Al2O3 was the most effective process for DEP removal (∼100% removal in about 15 min) and based on pseudo-first-order kinetics at pH7, the studied oxidation processes followed the order: O3/Al2O3(0.093 min-1)>O3/H2O2/Fe2+(0.076 min-1)>O3/AC(0.069 min-1)>O3/H2O2(0.053 min-1)>O3/TiO2(0.050 min-1)> O3 alone (0.039 min-1)>UV/TiO2(0.009 min-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Mansouri
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre de Recherches et Technologies des Eaux, CERTE Technopole Borj Cédria, BP 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia
| | - Chedly Tizaoui
- Systems and Process Engineering Research Centre, College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK.
| | - Sven-Uwe Geissen
- Technische Universität Berlin, Fachgebiet Umweltverfahrenstechnik, Sekr. KF2, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Latifa Bousselmi
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre de Recherches et Technologies des Eaux, CERTE Technopole Borj Cédria, BP 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia
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Sofi IR, Bhat RA, Quadir R, Manzoor J. Occurrence of Pesticides and Their Removal From Aquatic Medium by Adsorption. ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND GREEN TECHNOLOGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-6111-8.ch015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of pesticides are used annually, and in some cases, a part of the pesticide enters the water bodies by surface runoff to form long-term residues. In the recent past, the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and human health received serious attention by the public and the competent authorities. Various conventional methods are used to remove these pesticides from water, but those methods are either costly or typical in operation. Therefore, adsorption is considered as an ecofriendly method. The adsorbent derived from biomaterial is considered an encouraging adsorbent due to its cost-effective and high adsorption capacity. In this chapter, detailed information on different types of pesticides, their metabolites, environmental concerns, and present status on degradation methods using adsorbents will be reviewed. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview on the recent advancement in the utilization of different adsorbents for the removal of pesticides. Overall, this study assists researchers to move forward in exploring a simple and economically viable technique to produce adsorbents with outstanding physiochemical properties and excellent adsorption capacity, so that the pesticides can be removed from aquatic ecosystem.
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Wee SY, Aris AZ. Ecological risk estimation of organophosphorus pesticides in riverine ecosystems. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 188:575-581. [PMID: 28917209 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are of great concern because of their existence in ecosystems at trace concentrations. Worldwide pesticide use and its ecological impacts (i.e., altered environmental distribution and toxicity of pesticides) have increased over time. Exposure and toxicity studies are vital for reducing the extent of pesticide exposure and risk to the environment and humans. Regional regulatory actions may be less relevant in some regions because the contamination and distribution of pesticides vary across regions and countries. The risk quotient (RQ) method was applied to assess the potential risk of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), primarily focusing on riverine ecosystems. Using the available ecotoxicity data, aquatic risks from OPPs (diazinon and chlorpyrifos) in the surface water of the Langat River, Selangor, Malaysia were evaluated based on general (RQm) and worst-case (RQex) scenarios. Since the ecotoxicity of quinalphos has not been well established, quinalphos was excluded from the risk assessment. The calculated RQs indicate medium risk (RQm = 0.17 and RQex = 0.66; 0.1 ≤ RQ < 1) of overall diazinon. The overall chlorpyrifos exposure was observed at high risk (RQ ≥ 1) based on RQm and RQex at 1.44 and 4.83, respectively. A contradictory trend of RQs > 1 (high risk) was observed for both the general and worst cases of chlorpyrifos, but only for the worst cases of diazinon at all sites from downstream to upstream regions. Thus, chlorpyrifos posed a higher risk than diazinon along the Langat River, suggesting that organisms and humans could be exposed to potentially high levels of OPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Yee Wee
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Van Zijl MC, Aneck-Hahn NH, Swart P, Hayward S, Genthe B, De Jager C. Estrogenic activity, chemical levels and health risk assessment of municipal distribution point water from Pretoria and Cape Town, South Africa. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:305-313. [PMID: 28787686 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous in the environment and have been detected in drinking water from various countries. Although various water treatment processes can remove EDCs, chemicals can also migrate from pipes that transport water and contaminate drinking water. This study investigated the estrogenic activity in drinking water from various distribution points in Pretoria (City of Tshwane) (n = 40) and Cape Town (n = 40), South Africa, using the recombinant yeast estrogen screen (YES) and the T47D-KBluc reporter gene assay. The samples were collected seasonally over four sampling periods. The samples were also analysed for bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononylphthalate (DINP), 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and ethynylestradiol (EE2) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometry (UPLC-MS/MS). This was followed by a scenario based health risk assessment to assess the carcinogenic and toxic human health risks associated with the consumption of distribution point water. None of the water extracts from the distribution points were above the detection limit in the YES bioassay, but the EEq values ranged from 0.002 to 0.114 ng/L using the T47D-KBluc bioassay. BPA, DEHA, DBP, DEHP, DINP E1, E2, and EE2 were detected in distribution point water samples. NP was below the detection limit for all the samples. The estrogenic activity and levels of target chemicals were comparable to the levels found in other countries. Overall the health risk assessment revealed acceptable health and carcinogenic risks associated with the consumption of distribution point water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Catherina Van Zijl
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, 0007, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Urology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, 0007, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Natalie Hildegard Aneck-Hahn
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, 0007, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Urology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, 0007, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Pieter Swart
- Central Analytical Facility, Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Stefan Hayward
- Central Analytical Facility, Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Bettina Genthe
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa.
| | - Christiaan De Jager
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, 0007, Pretoria, South Africa.
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28
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Wee SY, Aris AZ. Endocrine disrupting compounds in drinking water supply system and human health risk implication. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 106:207-233. [PMID: 28552550 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To date, experimental and epidemiological evidence of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) adversely affecting human and animal populations has been widely debated. Notably, human health risk assessment is required for risk mitigation. The lack of human health risk assessment and management may thus unreliably regulate the quality of water resources and efficiency of treatment processes. Therefore, drinking water supply systems (DWSSs) may be still unwarranted in assuring safe access to potable drinking water. Drinking water supply, such as tap water, is an additional and crucial route of human exposure to the health risks associated with EDCs. A holistic system, incorporating continuous research in DWSS monitoring and management using multi-barrier approach, is proposed as a preventive measure to reduce human exposure to the risks associated with EDCs through drinking water consumption. The occurrence of EDCs in DWSSs and corresponding human health risk implications are analyzed using the Needs, Approaches, Benefits, and Challenges (NABC) method. Therefore, this review may act as a supportive tool in protecting human health and environmental quality from EDCs, which is essential for decision-making regarding environmental monitoring and management purposes. Subsequently, the public could have sustainable access to safer and more reliable drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Yee Wee
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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29
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Tsou TC, Yeh SC, Hsu JW, Tsai FY. Estrogenic chemicals at body burden levels attenuate energy metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:1537-1546. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsui-Chun Tsou
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes; Zhunan Miaoli 350 Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ching Yeh
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes; Zhunan Miaoli 350 Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Wei Hsu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes; Zhunan Miaoli 350 Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yuan Tsai
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes; Zhunan Miaoli 350 Taiwan
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