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Chen Y, Yang Z, Dong J, Hong N, Tan Q. Understanding phosphorus fractions and influential factors on urban road deposited sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:170624. [PMID: 38325458 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a primary pollutant that builds-up on urban road surfaces. Understanding the fraction and load characteristics of P, as well as their relationship with urban factors, is helpful for assessing the ecological risk of urban receiving water bodies. This study presents the characteristics of build-up loads of P fractions in road-deposited sediments (RDS) in Guangzhou, China, analyzes their correlation with three urban factors (road, traffic, and land-use area), and then estimates the exceedance probability of P in stormwater runoff over the past 10 years. The results showed that detrital apatite phosphorus (De-P) performed the highest build-up load on urban road surfaces, followed by apatite phosphorus (Ca-P), iron-bound phosphorus (Fe-P), exchangeable phosphorus (Ex-P), aluminum-bound phosphorus (Al-P), organophosphorus (POP), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), occluded phosphorus (Oc-P), and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). Depression depth, road materials, and land-use fractions affected the P fractions. The P in the RDS may have originated from three distinct sources: road background, domestic waste, and untreated wastewater discharge. In the most recent 10 years, the event mean concentrations of total P in the RDS have had a 30 % probability of exceeding 0.4 mg L-1, which indicates a serious threat of P to receiving water bodies. The outcomes of this study are expected to provide valuable guidance for elucidating the principal categories of urban non-point source P pollution and enhancing the ecological health of urban water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Chen
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zilin Yang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiawei Dong
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Nian Hong
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Tan
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Vijayan A, Österlund H, Marsalek J, Viklander M. Traffic-related metals in urban snow cover: A review of the literature data and the feasibility of filling gaps by field data collection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170640. [PMID: 38325463 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A literature search on traffic related metals in polluted urban snow revealed a significant volume of references representing a substantive knowledge base. The frequently studied metals in urban snow included Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni. However, comparing metal concentrations across studies proves to be a complex effort due to the variations in site-specific factors among studies, such as traffic intensity, pavement conditions, hydrometeorological conditions, and research method aspects, such as sampling equipment and frequency, and laboratory analytical methods. The literature review indicated that among the commonly studied metals, Zn and Cu indicated potential environmental concerns, and that there was a lack of data on the occurrence and accumulation in snow of antimony (Sb), tungsten (W), and platinum group elements (PGEs). To partly mitigate this knowledge gap, a field study of these elements was carried out by sampling urban roadside snow at six locations with various land use and traffic intensities, focusing on accumulation of these elements in snowbanks along roadways. The results indicated that traffic related activities are the sources of PGEs, W and Sb in roadside snowbanks, as the concentrations of these metals increased with increasing traffic intensity. The mean concentrations of the studied metals followed this descending order: W (0.4 (Reporting limit-RL)-987 μg/l) > Sb (0.1 RL-33.2 μg/l) > Pd (0.02 (RL)-0.506 μg/l) > Rh (0.02 (RL)-0.053 μg/l). In laboratory melted snow, both W and Sb were mostly in the particulate-bound phase, with <25 % in the dissolved phase. For sites with metal concentrations above the detection limit, the regression analysis indicated linear trends in unit area deposition rates of W with time (snow age), described by R2 = 0.94.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Vijayan
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Helene Österlund
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Jiri Marsalek
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Maria Viklander
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
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Babaei P, Nikravan A, Meral A, Kibar B, Güllü G. A first assessment of microplastic contamination in the snow of Ankara, Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:103690-103702. [PMID: 37688698 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), affecting aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, have spread globally. The atmosphere is known as a pollutant acceptor and carrier among other ecosystems. However, the fate and amount of microplastics in the atmosphere have been the subject of less research. Therefore, it is quite important to study the amount and properties of microplastics in atmospheric fallout. The main purpose of this article is to discover microplastics in fresh snow samples collected in three different regions of Ankara and to identify potential sources of supply. The morphologies and compositions of microplastics were analyzed and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS). μ-Raman spectroscopy was used to reveal the various polymer types of the selected samples. As a result, microplastics were found in all snow samples. Among the nine snow samples examined, 537 particles were recognized as MPs. The average abundance of MPs in snow samples was 59.66 items L-1. Fibers, fragments, films, and circular forms were found in all snow samples. Fragments predominated for all samples (50.08%), followed by films (28.54%), fibers (16.86%), and circulars (4.50%). The proportion of small plastics was quite high when compared to the large plastics captured by snow. Smaller MP particles found in the snow had more variety, suggesting that the microplastics in the snow samples have been broken down by long-range transport and deposition. Six different polymer types were discovered in the snow samples in this study. The most frequently identified polymer was polyethylene (31%), succedded by polystyrene (28%), and polypropylene (21%). Polyethylene terephthalate (12%), polyvinyl chloride (5%), and nylon were present in smaller proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Babaei
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Afsoun Nikravan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arzu Meral
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Kibar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülen Güllü
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Abbasi S, Alirezazadeh M, Razeghi N, Rezaei M, Pourmahmood H, Dehbandi R, Mehr MR, Ashayeri SY, Oleszczuk P, Turner A. Microplastics captured by snowfall: A study in Northern Iran. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153451. [PMID: 35114223 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Samples of fresh snow (n = 34) have been collected from 29 locations in various urban and remote regions of northern Iran following a period of sustained snowfall and the thawed contents examined for microplastics (MPs) according to established techniques. MP concentrations ranged from undetected to 86 MP L-1 (mean and median concentrations ~20 MP and 12 MP L-1, respectively) and there was no significant difference in MP concentration between sample location type or between different depths of snow (or time of deposition) sampled at selected sites. Fibres were the dominant shape of MP and μ-Raman spectroscopy of selected samples revealed a variety of polymer types, with nylon most abundant. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis showed that some MPs were smooth and unweathered while others were more irregular and exhibited significant photo-oxidative and mechanical weathering as well as contamination by extraneous geogenic particles. These characteristics reflect the importance of both local and distal sources to the heterogeneous pool of MPs in precipitated snow. The mean and median concentrations of MPs in the snow samples were not dissimilar to the published mean and median concentrations for MPs in rainfall collected from an elevated location in southwest Iran. However, compared with rainfall, MPs in snow appear to be larger and more diverse in their shape and composition (and include rubber particulates), possibly because of the greater size but lower terminal velocities of snowflakes relative to raindrops. Snowfall represents a significant means by which MPs are scavenged from the atmosphere and transferred to soil and surface waters that warrants further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Abbasi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran; Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin 20-031, Poland.
| | - Mustafa Alirezazadeh
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran
| | - Nastaran Razeghi
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4314, Karaj 31587-77878, Iran
| | - Mahrooz Rezaei
- Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hanie Pourmahmood
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Dehbandi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Meisam Rastegari Mehr
- Department of Applied Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Yavar Ashayeri
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin 20-031, Poland
| | - Andrew Turner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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Li Y, Wang M, Chen X, Cui S, Hofstra N, Kroeze C, Ma L, Xu W, Zhang Q, Zhang F, Strokal M. Multi-pollutant assessment of river pollution from livestock production worldwide. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117906. [PMID: 34896811 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Livestock production is often a source of multiple pollutants in rivers. However, current assessments of water pollution seldomly take a multi-pollutant perspective, while this is essential for improving water quality. This study quantifies inputs of multiple pollutants to rivers from livestock production worldwide, by animal types and spatially explicit. We focus on nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and Cryptosporidium (pathogen). We developed the MARINA-Global-L (Model to Assess River Inputs of pollutaNts to seAs for Livetsock) model for 10,226 sub-basins and eleven livestock species. Global inputs to land from livestock are around 94 Tg N, 19 Tg P, and 2.9 × 1021 oocysts from Cryptosporidium in 2010. Over 57% of these amounts are from grazed animals. Asia, South America, and Africa account for over 68% of these amounts on land. The inputs to rivers are around 22 Tg Total Dissolved Nitrogen (TDN), 1.8 Tg Total Dissolved P (TDP), and 1.3 × 1021 oocysts in 2010. Cattle, pigs, and chickens are responsible for 74-88% of these pollutants in rivers. One-fourth of the global sub-basins can be considered pollution hotspots and contribute 71-95% to the TDN, TDP, and oocysts in rivers. Our study could contribute to effective manure management for individual livestock species in sub-basins to reduce multiple pollutants in rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, Netherlands.
| | - Mengru Wang
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, Netherlands
| | - Xuanjing Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Shilei Cui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nynke Hofstra
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, Netherlands
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, Netherlands
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050021, PR China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, Netherlands
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, Netherlands
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Source Apportionment of Particulate Matter in Urban Snowpack Using End-Member Mixing Analysis and Positive Matrix Factorization Model. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132413584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify particulate matter (PM) sources and to evaluate their contributions to PM in the snowpack of three East Siberian cities. That was the first time when the PM accumulated in the snowpack during the winter was used as the object for source apportionment study in urban environment. The use of long-term integrated PM samples allowed to exclude the influence of short-term weather conditions and anthropogenic activities on PM chemistry. To ascertain the real number of PM sources and their contributions to air pollution the results of source apportionment using positive matrix factorization model (PMF) were for the first time compared to the results obtained using end-member mixing analysis (EMMA). It was found that Si, Fe and Ca were the tracers of aluminosilicates, non-exhaust traffic emissions and concrete deterioration respectively. Aluminum was found to be the tracer of both fossil fuel combustion and aluminum production. The results obtained using EMMA were in good agreement with those obtained using PMF. However, in some cases, the non-point sources identified using PMF were the combinations of two single non-point sources identified using EMMA, whereas the non-point sources identified using EMMA were split by PMF into two single non-point sources. The point sources were clearly identified using both techniques.
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Abstract
In the current paper, the analysis of heavy mineral concentrate (Schlich analysis) was used to study the particles of technogenic origin in the samples of urban surface-deposited sediments (USDS). The USDS samples were collected in the residential areas of 10 Russian cities located in different economic, climatic, and geological zones: Ufa, Perm, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk, Nizhny Tagil, Magnitogorsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Murmansk, and Ekaterinburg. The number of technogenic particles was determined in the coarse particle size fractions of 0.1–0.25 and 0.25–1 mm. The types of technogenic particle were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The amount of technogenic material differed from city to city; the fraction of technogenic particles in the samples varied in the range from 0.01 to 0.43 with an average value of 0.18. The technogenic particles in USDS samples were represented by lithoid and granulated slag, iron and silicate microspheres, fragments of brick, paint, glass, plaster, and other household waste. Various types of technogenic particle differed in morphological characteristics as well as in chemical composition. The novelty and significance of the study comprises the following: it has been shown that technogenic particles are contained in a significant part of the USDS; the quantitative indicators of the accumulation of technogenic particles in the urban landscape have been determined; the contributions of various types of particles to the total amount of technogenic material were estimated for the urban landscape; the trends in the transformation of typomorphic elemental associations in the urban sediments associated with the material of technogenic origin were demonstrated; and the alteration trends in the USDS microelemental content were revealed, taking into account the impurities in the composition of technogenic particles.
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Zhang W, Li J, Sun H, Che W. Pollutant first flush identification and its implications for urban runoff pollution control: a roof and road runoff case study in Beijing, China. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:2829-2840. [PMID: 34115634 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
First flush is a common phenomenon in urban runoff pollution. Typical cement roof and asphalt road runoff in Beijing, China were monitored for 2 years. Based on the M(v) curve, the suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP) and particulate phosphorus in cement roof runoff presented a stronger first flush than those in asphalt road runoff. The first flush volume (VFF) of SS, COD, total nitrogen (TN) and TP in asphalt road runoff differed slightly from the cement roof. There were also differences in the first flush assessment depending on which method was used. We proposed a new method based on the runoff depth versus pollutant cumulative mass curve. According to the national standards in China (VFF = 3 mm), various masses of different pollutants, such as 91.42 ± 9.80% (cement roof) and 78.49 ± 19.41% (asphalt road) of SS and 86.85 ± 13.54% (cement roof) and 72.80 ± 25.79% (asphalt road) of COD, can be effectively controlled, but our mass control efficiencies were 55.91%-66.65% when VFF = 1 mm. The new method proposed in this study provides an alternative approach for assessing runoff pollution control efficiency of different VFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044 Beijing, China E-mail: ; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044 Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, 100044 Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044 Beijing, China E-mail:
| | - Huichao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044 Beijing, China E-mail:
| | - Wu Che
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044 Beijing, China E-mail: ; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044 Beijing, China
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9
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Quantifying the Contribution of Agricultural and Urban Non-Point Source Pollutant Loads in Watershed with Urban Agglomeration. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13101385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Urban agglomeration is a new characteristic of the Chinese urbanization process, and most of the urban agglomeration is located in the same watershed. Thus, urban non-point source (NPS) pollution, especially the characteristic pollutants in urban areas, aggravates NPS pollution at the watershed scale. Many agricultural studies have been performed at the watershed scale; however, few studies have provided a study framework for estimating the urban NPS pollution in an urban catchment. In this study, an integrated approach for estimating agricultural and urban NPS pollution in an urban agglomeration watershed was proposed by coupling the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the event mean concentration (EMC) method and the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The Hun-Taizi River watershed, which contains a typical urban agglomeration and is located in northeastern China, was chosen as the study case. The results indicated that the per unit areas of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the built-up area simulated by the EMC method were 11.9% and 23 times higher than the values simulated by the SWAT. The SWAT greatly underestimated the nutrient yield in the built-up area. This integrated method could provide guidance for water environment management plans considering agricultural and urban NPS pollution in an urban catchment.
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Dissolved and Suspended Forms of Metals and Metalloids in Snow Cover of Megacity: Partitioning and Deposition Rates in Western Moscow. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11090907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations and ratio of dissolved and suspended forms of metals and metalloids (MMs) in snow cover and their deposition rates from the atmosphere in the western part of Moscow were studied. Forms of MMs were separated using a filter with pore diameter of 0.45 μm; their concentrations were measured by ICP-MS and ICP-AES methods. Anthropogenic impact in Moscow caused a significant increase in dust load (2–7 times), concentration of solid particles in snow cover (2–5 times), and mineralization of snow meltwater (5–18 times) compared to the background level. Urban snow contains Sn, Ti, Bi, Al, W, Fe, Pb, V, Cr, Rb, Mo, Mn, As, Co, Cu, Ba, Sb, Mg mainly in suspended form, and Ca and Na in dissolved form. The role of suspended MMs in the city significantly increases compared to the background region due to high dust load, usage of de-icing salts, and the change of acidic background conditions to alkaline ones. Anthropogenic emissions are the main sources of suspended Ca, W, Co, V, Sr, Ti, Mg, Na, Mo, Zn, Fe, Sb, and Cu in the snow cover of traffic zone. These elements’ concentrations in roadside snow cover exceed the background values more than 25 times. The highest concentrations and deposition rates of MMs in the snow of Moscow are localized near the large and medium roads.
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Zhang X, Zhi X, Chen L, Shen Z. Spatiotemporal variability and key influencing factors of river fecal coliform within a typical complex watershed. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 178:115835. [PMID: 32330732 PMCID: PMC7160644 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Fecal coliform bacteria are a key indicator of human health risks; however, the spatiotemporal variability and key influencing factors of river fecal coliform have yet to be explored in a rural-suburban-urban watershed with multiple land uses. In this study, the fecal coliform concentrations in 21 river sections were monitored for 20 months, and 441 samples were analyzed. Multivariable regressions were used to evaluate the spatiotemporal dynamics of fecal coliform. The results showed that spatial differences were mainly dominated by urbanization level, and environmental factors could explain the temporal dynamics of fecal coliform in different urban patterns except in areas with high urbanization levels. Reducing suspended solids is a direct way to manage fecal coliform in the Beiyun River when the natural factors are difficulty to change, such as temperature and solar radiation. The export of fecal coliform from urban areas showed a quick and sensitive response to rainfall events and increased dozens of times in the short term. Landscape patterns, such as the fragmentation of impervious surfaces and the overall landscape, were identified as key factors influencing urban non-point source bacteria. The results obtained from this study will provide insight into the management of river fecal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Xiaosha Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China; Satellite Environment Centre, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100094, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
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12
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Zhang R, Li M, Yuan X, Pan Z. Influence of rainfall intensity and slope on suspended solids and phosphorus losses in runoff. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:33963-33975. [PMID: 30144009 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Suspended solids (SS) and phosphorus (P) losses in rainfall generated runoff can lead to the deterioration of surface water quality. Simulated rainfall experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of rainfall intensity (30, 50, 65, and 100 mm h-1) and land slope (0°, 5°, and 10°) on SS and P losses in runoff from experimental rigs containing bare land soil and soil planted with grass (tall fescue). In addition, total phosphorus (TP), particulate phosphorus (PP), and dissolved phosphorus (DP) losses in runoff were also measured. Results showed that tall fescue could reduce loads of SS by 86-99.5%, PP by 92-98.5%, and TP by 55-89.8% in runoff compared with losses from bare soil; this is due to a combination reduced raindrop kinetic energy at the soil surface, reduced soil erodibility in the presence of plant roots and shoots, and an increase in roughness and consequently reduced overland flow velocity resulting in the trapping of particles. Linear relationships between losses of SS and TP and between TP and PP in runoff were significant (R2 > 0.93) in both bare soil and grass. In addition, SS and TP losses increased greatly significantly with rainfall intensity and slope. The influence of rainfall intensity on SS and P losses was greater than the influence of slope. Simple linear regressions were constructed between losses of SS and P, the rainfall intensity (30 to 100 mm h-1), and land slope (0° to 10°). The multiple regression equations of SS and P losses in runoff established in this study can provide a simple predicting approach for estimating the non-point source pollution load of SS and P arising from rainfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiru Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, 60#, 35# Qinghua East Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, 60#, 35# Qinghua East Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xi Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, 60#, 35# Qinghua East Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongcheng Pan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, 60#, 35# Qinghua East Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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Lian Q, Yao L, Uddin Ahmad Z, Lei X, Islam F, Zappi ME, Gang DD. Nonpoint source pollution. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:1114-1128. [PMID: 31424592 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of the research papers published in 2018 focusing on nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is presented in this review article. The identification of pollution from different sources and estimation of NPS pollution using various models are summarized in this review paper. Various innovative techniques are also examined to abate NPS pollution. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The non-point source pollution in 2018 is systematically reviewed and documented. This review evaluates and summarizes the identification, quantification, reduction, and management of NPS pollution. Future perspectives of NPS pollution research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Lian
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana
- Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Zaki Uddin Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana
- Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana
| | - Xiaobo Lei
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana
- Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana
| | - Fahrin Islam
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana
- Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana
| | - Mark E Zappi
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana
- Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana
| | - Daniel Dianchen Gang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana
- Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana
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Hou X, Chen L, Wei G, Gong Y, Shen Z. Factors affecting microbial and physico-chemical pollutants in stormwater in a typical Chinese urban catchment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1697-1707. [PMID: 30288511 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00303c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of microbial pollution characteristics is needed for stormwater reuse and development of microorganism simulations in urban stormwater. This study investigated the discharge characteristics of faecal indicator bacteria (faecal coliforms) in urban runoff by field sampling both the underlying surfaces and the stormwater pipe outlet. Faecal coliform contamination in urban runoff was found to be frequent, and the highest instantaneous concentration reached 2.42 × 106 MPN/100 ml. Faecal coliforms did not show a consistent first flush effect amongst the different surfaces sampled, and this was exacerbated under rainfall events with high intensity. PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation) and GAIA (Geometrical Analysis for Interactive Aid) analyses were further applied to explore the ranking of pollutants, the relationship among the pollutants, and the factors affecting the contamination in cases of multiple underlying surfaces, multiple pollutants and rainfall events. For the pollutants of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), the road sample contamination was significantly higher than on the roof surfaces. No such trend in ranking of faecal coliforms was observed. Rainfall depth and intensity were found to have a significant influence on stormwater contamination by physico-chemical pollutants, while having a somewhat smaller influence on faecal coliform contamination. Faecal coliform contamination is closely associated with the index related to the antecedent dry period. The average temperature and average relative humidity also showed a positive relationship with faecal coliform contamination. The effects of antecedent dry period duration on contamination of physico-chemical pollutants and faecal coliform are completely opposite. Antecedent dry period duration was positively related to the contamination of physico-chemical pollutants, but negatively related to faecal coliform contamination. Therefore, three variables, i.e., antecedent dry period duration, average temperature and average relative humidity, might be used to model the survival/die-off of faecal coliform during the antecedent dry period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 100875.
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Zhao H, Jiang Q, Ma Y, Xie W, Li X, Yin C. Influence of urban surface roughness on build-up and wash-off dynamics of road-deposited sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1226-1234. [PMID: 30267919 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An in-depth understanding of the impacts of surface roughness on road-deposited sediment (RDS) build-up and wash-off is essential for the estimation of surface runoff loads and design of RDS control measures. In this study, RDS build-up and wash-off dynamic processes were investigated on paired asphalt and concrete road surfaces with 35 days of continuous sampling during different natural rainfall events. Our results showed that RDS build-up loads and grain size composition were affected by surface roughness, while the impact of surface roughness on the length of the dynamic equilibrium period was not notable. Selective wash-off of RDS with different effects according to grain size are more likely to occur on asphalt road surfaces during rainfall-runoff, but the RDS wash-off percentage is not affected by surface roughness during snowmelt-runoff. Both total apparent depression depth and micro-depression structures influence RDS build-up and wash-off dynamics. These results imply that surface roughness has combined effects on RDS build-up and wash-off dynamics during the generation and control of urban diffuse pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Qian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yukun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wenxia Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xuyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chengqing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Ma Y, Hao S, Zhao H, Fang J, Zhao J, Li X. Pollutant transport analysis and source apportionment of the entire non-point source pollution process in separate sewer systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:557-565. [PMID: 30092536 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding pollutant transport process and source apportionment is critical to urban stormwater pollution mitigation. Previous studies have investigated transport and sources of road deposited sediments (RDS) and sewer sediments individually, and most of these studies focused on stormwater pollution in combined sewer systems. However, studies about pollutant transport and source apportionment of the entire urban non-point source pollution process in separate sewer systems are lacking. This study analyzed particle size distribution and chemical pollutants in five media during the entire pollutant process including RDS, roof runoff, road runoff, sewer sediments, and sewer runoff. The outcomes found that mass percentage of fine particles became greater during pollutant transport in stormwater runoff. According to transport characteristics, particles were grouped into three types: particles <20 μm, 20-105 μm, and >105 μm. Particles <20 μm had the highest mobility capacity and particles >105 μm had the lowest mobility capacity, while mobility capacity of particles 20-105 μm was uncertain. Pollutant concentrations in road runoff were significantly influenced by rainfall intensity and pollutant concentrations in sewer runoff could become lower during rainy seasons ignoring rainfall intensity. RDS was the main contributor of heavy metals while organic matter and nutrients were primarily contributed by sewer sediments. Roof runoff, road runoff and sewer sediments contributed 5.35%, 69.24% and 25.41% particles to urban receiving water, respectively. Based on the outcomes, several suggestions were given for stormwater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Shaonan Hao
- Water Group, Ramboll Studio Dreiseitl, 39 Middle Dongsanhuan Road, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Hongtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jinxiu Fang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- China Eco-city Academy, 9 Shouti South Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xuyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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A Location Intelligence System for the Assessment of Pluvial Flooding Risk and the Identification of Storm Water Pollutant Sources from Roads in Suburbanised Areas. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10060746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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