1
|
Picone M, Giurin A, Distefano GG, Corami F, Turetta C, Volpi Ghirardini A, Basso M, Panzarin L, Farioli A, Bacci M, Sebastanelli C, Morici F, Artese C, De Sanctis A, Galuppi M, Imperio S, Serra L. Mercury and rare earth elements (REEs) show different spatial trends in feathers of Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) breeding along the Adriatic Sea coast, Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119140. [PMID: 38751003 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Feather analysis is an ethical and effective method for assessing the exposure of wild birds to environmental contamination due to trace elements and organic pollutants. We used feather to monitor the exposure to three toxic and non-essential metals (Hg, Cd, and Pb) and rare earth elements (REEs) of Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) breeding in different coastal areas (Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Marche, Abruzzo, and Apulia) along the Italian coast of the Adriatic Sea. Feathers (n = 113) were collected from April to June. Feather concentrations evidenced a significant exposure to Hg (13.05 ± 1.71 mg kg-1 dw) and REEs (447.3 ± 52.8 ng g-1 dw) in the Kentish plover breeding in Veneto (n = 21) compared to the other coastal areas, with several individuals showing Hg concentrations above the adverse effect (5 mg kg-1 dw) and high-risk (9.14 mg kg-1 dw) thresholds reported for birds. Higher REE concentrations compared to Marche (n = 29), Abruzzo (n = 11) and Apulia (n = 13) were also reported for birds breeding in Emilia-Romagna (474.9 ± 41.9 ng g-1 dw; n = 29). The exposure to Cd and Pb was low in all the coastal areas, and only a few samples (n = 6 and n = 4 for Cd and Pb, respectively) exceeded the adverse effect thresholds (0.1 and 4 mg kg-1 for Cd and Pb, respectively). A significant sex-related difference was observed for REE-concentrations, with females showing higher concentration than males. These data highlight the need to monitor the exposure of the Kentish plover to Hg and REEs, especially in the northern basin of the Adriatic Sea, since these elements might negatively affect species' reproductive success and threaten its conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Picone
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Alessia Giurin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giuseppe Distefano
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Fabiana Corami
- National Council for the Research - Institute of Polar Sciences, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Clara Turetta
- National Council for the Research - Institute of Polar Sciences, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Marco Basso
- Via Gianbattista Verci, 25/4, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Lucio Panzarin
- Via Giacomo Leopardi 5, 30020, Torre di Mosto, VE, Italy
| | - Alessio Farioli
- Associazione Ornitologi Dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Giovanni Boccaccio 23, 40026, Imola, BO, Italy
| | - Mattia Bacci
- Associazione Ornitologi Dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Giovanni Boccaccio 23, 40026, Imola, BO, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Morici
- Ornitologi Marchigiani ETS, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10/A, 62100, Macerata, Italy
| | - Carlo Artese
- Servizio Scientifico Parco Nazionale Del Gran Sasso e Monti Della Laga, Via Del Convento 1, 67010, Assergi, AQ, Italy
| | - Augusto De Sanctis
- Stazione Ornitologica Abruzzese, Via Antonio De Nino 3, 65126, Pescara, Italy
| | - Mirko Galuppi
- Via Antonio De Marinis 110, 70021, Acquaviva Delle Fonti, BA, Italy
| | - Simona Imperio
- Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per La Protezione e La Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Via Ca' Fornacetta 9, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Serra
- Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per La Protezione e La Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Via Ca' Fornacetta 9, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rétif J, Briant N, Zalouk-Vergnoux A, Le Monier P, Sireau T, Poirier L. Distribution of rare earth elements and assessment of anthropogenic gadolinium in estuarine habitats: The case of Loire and Seine estuaries in France. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171385. [PMID: 38431160 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs), attractive to society because of their applications in industry, agriculture and medicine, are increasingly released into the environment especially in industrialized estuaries. This study compared the REE distribution in the abiotic compartments: water (dissolved phase (<0.45 μm), suspended particulate matter (SPM)) and sediment of the Loire and Seine estuaries (France). A total of 8 and 6 sites were investigated in the Loire and Seine, respectively, as well as 5 additional offshore sites for the Loire. Total REE concentrations were higher in the Loire for the dissolved phase (93.5 ± 63.3 vs 87.7 ± 16.2 ng/L), SPM (173.9 ± 18.3 vs 114.0 ± 17.8 mg/kg dw) and sediments (198.2 ± 27.9 vs 73.2 ± 27.4 mg/kg dw), explained by higher geogenic inputs. Individual REE contributions along with normalization highlighted heavy REE enrichments and Gd positive anomalies in the dissolved phase of the two estuaries, whereas REE distributions in SPM and sediments followed the natural abundance of the REE classes. The calculated Gd anomalies in the dissolved phase were higher in the Seine (9.7 ± 3.4) than in the Loire (3.0 ± 0.8), corresponding to 88.3 ± 5.1 % and 64.4 ± 11.1 % of anthropogenic Gd. This demonstrates a higher contamination of the Seine estuary, certainly due to the difference in the number of inhabitants between both areas involving different amounts of Gd used in medicine. The offshore sites of Loire showed lower total REE concentrations (55.8 ± 5.8 ng/L, 26.7 ± 38.2 mg/kg dw and 100.1 ± 11.7 mg/kg dw for the dissolved phase, SPM and sediments, respectively) and lower Gd anomalies (1.2 ± 0.2) corresponding to only 13.3 ± 3.9 % of anthropogenic Gd, confirming a contamination from the watershed. This study comparing two major French estuaries provides new data on the REE distribution in natural aquatic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rétif
- Nantes Université, Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Nicolas Briant
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Écosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Aurore Zalouk-Vergnoux
- Nantes Université, Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Pauline Le Monier
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Écosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Teddy Sireau
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Écosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Laurence Poirier
- Nantes Université, Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bellocci M, Defourny SVP, Melai V, Scortichini G, Salini R, Di Bernardo G, Lomellini L, Coccaro A, Damiano A, Merola C, Petrini A. Comparative analysis of rare earth elements concentrations in domestic dogs and Apennine wolves of Central Italy: Influence of biological, nutritional, and lifestyle factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170358. [PMID: 38272074 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are strategical elements playing a crucial role in the industry, especially in producing high-tech materials. Therefore, REEs are new contaminants of emerging concerns. However, due to the lack of exposure data on REE occurrence in environmental matrices, especially in European countries, it is still tricky to establish environmental background levels to assess the ecotoxicological risk related to REEs exposure. The present study aimed to evaluate the liver concentrations of REEs in domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and Apennine wolves (Canis lupus italicus) living in the Abruzzo region, Italy. Moreover, for the scope of the present study, the dog's group was divided according to their sex, age, lifestyle, and diet. Wolves were categorized concerning their sex and genetic characteristics. Liver samples from dogs and wolves were collected during diagnostic necropsies from carcasses, sample mineralization was performed by a microwave digestion system with a single reaction chamber, and simultaneous determination of the presence of REEs was performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (Q-ICP-MS) using standard mode for all rare earth elements except scandium (Sc) which was acquired in kinetic energy discrimination (KED) mode. Hepatic concentrations of REEs were statistically significantly higher in wolves compared to dogs. Moreover, significant differences in REEs concentrations arose also from the genetic type of wolf, since "pure wolves" had higher liver concentrations of REEs compared to wolf-dog hybrids. Female and adult dogs also showed elevated REEs compared to male and juvenile dogs, while no significant differences were demonstrated for dogs' diet and lifestyle. The results of the present study confirm the exposure of domestic and wild carnivores to REEs, showing also the ability of REEs to accumulate in carnivore livers, suggesting the potential role of this species as an alternative bioindicator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Bellocci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Sabrina V P Defourny
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Valeria Melai
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giampiero Scortichini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Romolo Salini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Bernardo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Laura Lomellini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Antonio Coccaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Antonella Damiano
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Carmine Merola
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Antonio Petrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maier KB, Rust LN, Carniato F, Botta M, Woods M. α-Aryl substituted GdDOTA derivatives, the perfect contrast agents for MRI? Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2898-2901. [PMID: 38234268 PMCID: PMC10919327 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05989h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing the performance of Gd3+ chelates as relaxation agents for MRI has the potential to lower doses, improving safety and mitigating the environmental impact on our surface waters. More than three decades of research into manipulating the properties of Gd3+ have failed to develop a chelate that simultaneously optimizes all relevant parameters and affords maximal relaxivity. Introducing aryl substituents into the α-position of the pendant arms of a GdDOTA chelate affords chelates that, for the first time, simultaneously optimize all physico-chemical properties. Slowing tumbling by binding to human serum albumin affords a relaxivity of 110 ± 5 mM-1 s-1, close to the maximum possible. As discrete chelates, these α-aryl substituted GdDOTA chelates exhibit relaxivities that are 2-3 times higher than those of currently used agents, even at the higher fields (1.5 & 3.0 T) used in modern clinical MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karley B Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, 1719 SW 10th Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
| | - Lauren N Rust
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, 1719 SW 10th Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
| | - Fabio Carniato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Alessandria I-15121, Italy.
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Alessandria I-15121, Italy.
| | - Mark Woods
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, 1719 SW 10th Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 1381 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rétif J, Zalouk-Vergnoux A, Kamari A, Briant N, Poirier L. Trophic transfer of rare earth elements in the food web of the Loire estuary (France). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169652. [PMID: 38159776 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The increasing use of rare earth elements (REEs) in many industrial sectors and in medecine, causes discharges into the environment and particularly in estuarine areas subjected to strong anthropogenic pressures. Here, we assessed the distribution of REEs along the food web of the Loire estuary. Several species representative of different trophic levels were sampled: 8 vertebrates, 3 crustaceans, 2 mollusks, 3 annelids and 4 algae, as well as Haploops sp. tubes rather related to sediment. The total REE concentrations measured by ICP-MS were the highest in Haploops sp. tubes (141.1 ± 4.7 μg/g dw), algae (1.5 to 34.5 μg/g dw), mollusks (9.9 to 12.0 μg/g dw), annelids (0.7 to 19.9 μg/g dw) and crustaceans (1.4 to 6.3 μg/g dw) and the lowest in vetebrates (0.1 to 1.6 μg/g dw). The individual contribution of REEs was, however, similar between most studied species with a higher contribution of light REEs (76.7 ± 7.6 %) compared to heavy REEs (14.1 ± 3.7 %) or medium REEs (9.2 ± 5.8 %). Trophic relations were estimated by stable isotope analysis of C and N and the linear regression of δ15N with total REE concentrations highlighted a trophic dilution with a corresponding TMS of -2.0. The tissue-specific bioaccumulation investigated for vertebrates demonstrated a slightly higher REE accumulation in gonads than in the muscle. Finally, positive Eu, Gd, Tb and Lu anomalies were highlighted in the normalized REE patterns of most studied species (especially in fish and crustaceans), which is consistent with results in the dissolved phase for Eu and Gd. These anomalies could either be due to anthropogenic inputs or to various bioaccumulation/elimination processes according to the specific species physiology. This study, including most of the trophic levels of the Loire estuary food web provides new insights on the bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of REEs in natural ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rétif
- Nantes Université, Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Aurore Zalouk-Vergnoux
- Nantes Université, Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Abderrahmane Kamari
- Nantes Université, Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Nicolas Briant
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Écosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Laurence Poirier
- Nantes Université, Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dekker HM, Stroomberg GJ, Van der Molen AJ, Prokop M. Review of strategies to reduce the contamination of the water environment by gadolinium-based contrast agents. Insights Imaging 2024; 15:62. [PMID: 38411847 PMCID: PMC10899148 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-024-01626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) are essential for diagnostic MRI examinations. GBCA are only used in small quantities on a per-patient basis; however, the acquisition of contrast-enhanced MRI examinations worldwide results in the use of many thousands of litres of GBCA per year. Data shows that these GBCA are present in sewage water, surface water, and drinking water in many regions of the world. Therefore, there is growing concern regarding the environmental impact of GBCA because of their ubiquitous presence in the aquatic environment. To address the problem of GBCA in the water system as a whole, collaboration is necessary between all stakeholders, including the producers of GBCA, medical professionals and importantly, the consumers of drinking water, i.e. the patients. This paper aims to make healthcare professionals aware of the opportunity to take the lead in making informed decisions about the use of GBCA and provides an overview of the different options for action.In this paper, we first provide a summary on the metabolism and clinical use of GBCA, then the environmental fate and observations of GBCA, followed by measures to reduce the use of GBCA. The environmental impact of GBCA can be reduced by (1) measures focusing on the application of GBCA by means of weight-based contrast volume reduction, GBCA with higher relaxivity per mmol of Gd, contrast-enhancing sequences, and post-processing; and (2) measures that reduce the waste of GBCA, including the use of bulk packaging and collecting residues of GBCA at the point of application.Critical relevance statement This review aims to make healthcare professionals aware of the environmental impact of GBCA and the opportunity for them to take the lead in making informed decisions about GBCA use and the different options to reduce its environmental burden.Key points• Gadolinium-based contrast agents are found in sources of drinking water and constitute an environmental risk.• Radiologists have a wide spectrum of options to reduce GBCA use without compromising diagnostic quality.• Radiology can become more sustainable by adopting such measures in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena M Dekker
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerard J Stroomberg
- RIWA-Rijn - Association of River Water Works, Groenendael 6, 3439 LV, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Aart J Van der Molen
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mathias Prokop
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Andrade M, Soares AMVM, Solé M, Pereira E, Freitas R. Gadolinium accumulation and its biochemical effects in Mytilus galloprovincialis under a scenario of global warming. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:116120-116133. [PMID: 37910362 PMCID: PMC10682062 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrical and electronic equipment reaching the end of its useful life is currently being disposed of at such an alarmingly high pace that raises environmental concerns. Together with other potentially dangerous compounds, electronic waste contains the rare-earth element gadolinium (Gd), which has already been reported in aquatic systems. Additionally, the vulnerability of aquatic species to this element may also be modified when climate change related factors, like increase in temperature, are taken into consideration. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of Gd under a scenario of increased temperature in Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels. A multi-biomarker approach and Gd bioaccumulation were assessed in mussels exposed for 28 days to 0 and 10 μg/L of Gd at two temperatures (control - 17 °C; increased - 22 °C). Results confirmed that temperature had a strong influence on the bioaccumulation of Gd. Moreover, mussels exposed to Gd alone reduced their metabolism, possibly to prevent further accumulation, and despite catalase and glutathione S-transferases were activated, cellular damage seen as increased lipid peroxidation was not avoided. Under enhanced temperature, cellular damage in Gd-exposed mussels was even greater, as defense mechanisms were not activated, possibly due to heat stress. In fact, with increased temperature alone, organisms experienced a general metabolic depression, particularly evidenced in defense enzymes, similar to the results obtained under Gd-exposure. Overall, this study underlines the importance of conducting environmental risk assessment taking into consideration anticipated climate change scenarios and exposures to emerging contaminants at relevant environmental concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Andrade
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Montserrat Solé
- Departamento de Recursos Marinos Renovables, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar ICM-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Departamento de Química & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kohl J, Schweikert M, Klaas N, Lemloh ML. Intracellular bioaccumulation of the rare earth element Gadolinium in ciliate cells resulting in biogenic particle formation and excretion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5650. [PMID: 37024513 PMCID: PMC10079679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliates are abundant unicellular organisms capable of resisting high concentrations of metal ions in the environment caused by various anthropogenic activities. Understanding the cellular pathways involved in resistance to and detoxification of elements is required to predict the impact of ciliates on environmental element cycles. Here, we investigated the so far unknown process of tolerance, cellular uptake and bioaccumulation of the emerging rare earth element gadolinium (Gd) in the common ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis. Gd treatment results in the intracellular formation and excretion of biogenic Gd-containing particles. This cellular process effectively removes dissolved Gd from the organic growth medium by 53.37% within 72 h. Based on light and electron microscopic observations, we postulate a detoxification pathway: Cells take up toxic Gd3+ ions from the medium by endocytosis, process them into stable Gd-containing particles within food vacuoles, and exocytose them. Stable biogenic particles can be isolated, which are relatively homogeneous and have a diameter of about 3 µm. They consist of the elements Gd, C, O, P, Na, Mg, K, and Ca. These findings broaden the view of metal ion accumulation by protists and are of relevance to understand environmental elemental cycles and may inspire approaches for metal recovery or bioremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kohl
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Schweikert
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- SRF AMICA, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Norbert Klaas
- IWS, Research Facility for Subsurface Remediation (VEGAS), University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marie-Louise Lemloh
- SRF AMICA, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Materials Testing Institute, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rétif J, Zalouk-Vergnoux A, Briant N, Poirier L. From geochemistry to ecotoxicology of rare earth elements in aquatic environments: Diversity and uses of normalization reference materials and anomaly calculation methods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:158890. [PMID: 36262004 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The geochemistry of rare earth elements (REEs) has been studied for a long time and has allowed us to highlight enrichments or depletions of REEs in aquatic ecosystems and to estimate anthropogenic inputs through normalization of data to different reference materials. This review of current literature on REE normalization highlighted the large number of different reference materials (a total of 12), as well as different anomaly calculation methods. This statement showed a real need for method harmonization to simplify the comparison between studies, which is currently very difficult. Normalization to Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) emerged as being the most used (33 % of reported studies) regardless of the location and the nature of the studied samples and seem to be of higher quality. The interest of other reference materials was nevertheless underlined, as they could better represent the geographical situation or the nature of samples. Two main anomaly calculation methods have been highlighted: the linear interpolation/extrapolation and the geometric extrapolation using logarithmic modeling. However, due to variations in the estimation of neighbors' values, these two methods produce many different equations for the anomaly calculation of a single element. Current normalization practices based on shales and chondrites are suitable for abiotic samples but are questionable for biota. Indeed, normalization is increasingly used in studies addressing ecotoxicological issues which focus on biota and often aim to estimate the anthropogenic origin of bioaccumulated REEs. Due to the interspecific variability, as well as the complexity of mechanisms occurring in organisms when exposed to contaminants, new reference materials need to be established to consider the bioaccumulation/metabolization processes and the anthropogenic inputs of REEs based on the results of biotic samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rétif
- Nantes Université, Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Aurore Zalouk-Vergnoux
- Nantes Université, Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Nicolas Briant
- Ifremer, Centre Atlantique, Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie, BE, Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques, LBCM, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Laurence Poirier
- Nantes Université, Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Figueiredo C, Grilo TF, Oliveira R, Ferreira IJ, Gil F, Lopes C, Brito P, Ré P, Caetano M, Diniz M, Raimundo J. Gadolinium ecotoxicity is enhanced in a warmer and acidified changing ocean as shown by the surf clam Spisula solida through a multibiomarker approach. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 253:106346. [PMID: 36327686 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Humans have exhaustively combusted fossil fuels, and released pollutants into the environment, at continuously faster rates resulting in global average temperature increase and seawater pH decrease. Climate change is forecasted to exacerbate the effects of pollutants such as the emergent rare earth elements. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the combined effects of rising temperature (Δ = + 4 °C) and decreasing pH (Δ = - 0.4 pH units) on the bioaccumulation and elimination of gadolinium (Gd) in the bioindicator bivalve species Spisula solida (Surf clam). We exposed surf clams to 10 µg L-1 of GdCl3 for seven days, under warming, acidification, and their combination, followed by a depuration phase lasting for another 7 days and investigated the Gd bioaccumulation and oxidative stress-related responses after 1, 3 and 7 days of exposure and the elimination phase. Gadolinium accumulated after just one day with values reaching the highest after 7 days. Gadolinium was not eliminated after 7 days, and elimination is further hampered under climate change scenarios. Warming and acidification, and their interaction did not significantly impact Gd concentration. However, there was a significant interaction on clam's biochemical response. The augmented total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation values show that the significant impacts of Gd on the oxidative stress response are enhanced under warming while the increased superoxide dismutase and catalase values demonstrate the combined impact of Gd, warming & acidification. Ultimately, lipid damage was greater in clams exposed to warming & Gd, which emphasizes the enhanced toxic effects of Gd in a changing ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Figueiredo
- MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET, Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal; Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA, Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, Algés 1495-165, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica 2819-516, Portugal.
| | - Tiago F Grilo
- MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET, Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Rui Oliveira
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA, Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, Algés 1495-165, Portugal
| | - Inês João Ferreira
- Chemistry Department, LAQV-REQUIMTE, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gil
- Aquário Vasco da Gama, Rua Direita do Dafundo, Cruz Quebrada 1495-718, Portugal
| | - Clara Lopes
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA, Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, Algés 1495-165, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal
| | - Pedro Brito
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA, Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, Algés 1495-165, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal
| | - Pedro Ré
- MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET, Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Miguel Caetano
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA, Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, Algés 1495-165, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal
| | - Mário Diniz
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica 2819-516, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica 2819-516, Portugal
| | - Joana Raimundo
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA, Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, Algés 1495-165, Portugal; Aquário Vasco da Gama, Rua Direita do Dafundo, Cruz Quebrada 1495-718, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Klingelhöfer D, Braun M, Dröge J, Fischer A, Brüggmann D, Groneberg DA. Environmental and health-related research on application and production of rare earth elements under scrutiny. Global Health 2022; 18:86. [PMID: 36253760 PMCID: PMC9575253 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-022-00879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike most other commodities, rare earth elements (REEs) are part of a wide range of applications needed for daily life all over the world. These applications range from cell phones to electric vehicles to wind turbines. They are often declared as part of "green technology" and, therefore, often called "green elements". However, their production and use are not only useful but also risky to the environment and human health, as many studies have shown. Consequently, the range of global research efforts is broad and highly variable, and therefore difficult to capture and assess. Hence, this study aims to assess the global parameters of global research on REE in the context of environment and health (REEeh). In addition to established bibliometric parameters, advanced analyses using market driver and scientific infrastructure values were carried out to provide deep insight into incentives, necessities, and barriers to international research. RESULTS The focus of REE research is in line with national aspirations, especially from the major global players, China and the USA. Whereas globally, regional research interests are related to market interests, as evidenced by the inclusion of drivers such as electric vehicles, wind turbines, and permanent magnets. The topics receiving the most attention are related to gadolinium used for magnetic resonance imaging and the use of ceria nanoparticles. Since both are used for medical purposes, the medical research areas are equally profiled and mainly addressed in high-income countries. Nevertheless, environmental issues are increasingly in focus. CONCLUSIONS There is still a need for research that is independent and open-ended. For this, market-independent technologies, substitutes and recycling of REEs need to be addressed scientifically. The results of this study are relevant for all stakeholders, from individual scientists to planners to funders, to improve future research strategies in line with these research mandates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Klingelhöfer
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Markus Braun
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Janis Dröge
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Axel Fischer
- Clinical Research Unit of Allergy, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Charité University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dörthe Brüggmann
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David A Groneberg
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zocher AL, Klimpel F, Kraemer D, Bau M. Naturally grown duckweeds as quasi-hyperaccumulators of rare earth elements and yttrium in aquatic systems and the biounavailability of gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155909. [PMID: 35577085 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of rare earths and yttrium (REY) in high-technology products is accompanied by their increasing release into the environment. Concerns regarding the (eco-)toxicity and bioaccumulation of these emerging contaminants highlight the need for research on REY uptake by (aquatic) plants. Duckweeds are widespread macrophytes in lentic waters and receive increasing attention as a potential protein-rich food additive. We here provide a baseline dataset for the complete set of REY in naturally grown duckweed assemblages and ambient freshwater and coastal brackish seawater. Our results show that duckweeds strongly bioaccumulate REY and incorporate them at the μg/kg level (dry matter basis). Their shale-normalised (SN) REY patterns are mildly fractionated relative to upper continental crust, regardless of sampling location and season. In contrast, the patterns of ambient waters increase from light to heavy REY (LREY and HREY, resp.) and may show prominent positive anthropogenic GdSN anomalies due to the presence of Gd-based contrast agents (Gd-CAs) applied for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The lack of GdSN anomalies in the duckweed assemblages reveals discrimination against the uptake of Gd-CAs by the macrophytes, providing further evidence for the conservative behaviour of these xenobiotics in the environment. High REY concentrations and apparent bulk distribution coefficients between duckweeds and ambient waters of up to 105 show that duckweeds are quasi-hyperaccumulators of REY. Uptake of LREY is up to two orders of magnitude higher than of HREY, possibly due to stronger complexation of HREY with dissolved ligands. The REY closely correlate with Mn but not with Ca, suggesting that uptake of REY and Mn occurs via the same pathway and revealing the negligible role of calcium oxalates. Our study demonstrates that while duckweeds are quasi-hyperaccumulators of REY, there is currently no risk that anthropogenic Gd from MRI contrast agents may enter the food chain via consumption of duckweeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Zocher
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Franziska Klimpel
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Dennis Kraemer
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Bau
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fleurbaix E, Parant M, Maul A, Cossu-Leguille C. Toxicity of lanthanides on various fish cell lines. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:1147-1157. [PMID: 35994187 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The growing use of Lanthanides in new technologies has increased their anthropogenic releases into the aquatic environment over the last decades. However, knowledge on their ecotoxicological impacts is still incomplete, especially with regard to biological effects of Lanthanides mixtures and the possible regular variation in toxicity along the Lanthanides series. The present study evaluated the individual toxicity of all Lanthanides and the toxicity of mixtures of three of them, namely Neodymium (Nd3+), Gadolinium (Gd3+), and Ytterbium (Yb3+) on Danio rerio fibroblast-like cells (ZF4). Individual and mixtures toxicity of Neodymium (Nd3+) and Ytterbium (Yb3+) were also assessed on Danio rerio hepatic cells (ZFL) and Oncorhynchus mykiss epithelial cells (RTgill-W1). The measured Lanthanide concentrations were close to the nominal ones in the culture media of ZF4, ZFL, and RTgill-W1 cells (85-99%). A toxic impact was observed on the three fish cell lines exposed to all Lanthanides tested individually. RTgill-W1 appeared as the less sensitive cells, compared to the two others. Four Lanthanides, Erbium (Er3+), Thulium (Tm3+), Ytterbium (Yb3+) and Lutetium (Lu3+) showed a higher toxicity than the others on ZF4 cells but no correlation could be established between the toxicity of Lanthanides and the order of the elements within the Lanthanides series. Exposures to binary mixtures highlighted the presence of synergistic effects on cell viability for all cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Fleurbaix
- LIEC - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, rue du Général Delestraint, F-57000, Metz, France
| | - Marc Parant
- LIEC - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, rue du Général Delestraint, F-57000, Metz, France
| | - Armand Maul
- LIEC - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, rue du Général Delestraint, F-57000, Metz, France
| | - Carole Cossu-Leguille
- LIEC - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, rue du Général Delestraint, F-57000, Metz, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cunha M, Louro P, Silva M, Soares AMVM, Pereira E, Freitas R. Biochemical alterations caused by lanthanum and gadolinium in Mytilus galloprovincialis after exposure and recovery periods. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119387. [PMID: 35513194 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of rare earth elements (REEs) in electric and electronic equipment has been associated with the presence of these elements in aquatic systems. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of two REEs, Lanthanum (La) and Gadolinium (Gd), towards the mussel species Mytilus galloprovincialis. For this, the toxicity was assessed after a short-term exposure (14 days) to an environmentally relevant concentration of each element (10 μg/L), followed by a recovery period (14 days) in the absence of any contaminant. The measured biomarkers included energy-related parameters, activity of antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes, indicators of oxidative damage, levels of oxidized glutathione and neurotoxicity. After exposure mussels accumulated more La (0.54 μg/g) than Gd (0.15 μg/g). After recovery higher concentration decrease was observed for Gd (≈40% loss) compared to La exposed mussels (≈30% loss) which may be associated with lower detoxification capacity of mussels previously exposed to La. Mussels increased their metabolism (i.e., higher electron transport system activity) only after the exposure to Gd. Exposure to La and Gd resulted into lower energy expenditure, while when both elements were removed glycogen and protein concentrations decreased to values observed in non-contaminated mussels. Antioxidant and biotransformation capacity was mainly increased in the presence of Gd. This defense response avoided the occurrence of cellular damage but still loss of redox balance was found regardless the contaminant, which was re-established after the recovery period. Neurotoxicity was only observed in the presence of Gd with no effects after the recovery period. Results showed that a short-term exposure to La and especially to Gd can exert deleterious effects that may compromise specific biochemical pathways in aquatic species, such as M. galloprovincialis, but under low concentrations organisms can be able to re-establish their biochemical status to control levels after a recovery period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cunha
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patricia Louro
- Departamento de Física, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mónica Silva
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Departamento de Química & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Y, Wu Q, Jia H, Wang Z, Gao S, Zeng J. Anthropogenic rare earth elements in urban lakes: Their spatial distributions and tracing application. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134534. [PMID: 35398472 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities associated with various new technologies are increasingly disrupting the geochemical cycles of rare earth elements (REEs). For example, samarium (Sm) and gadolinium (Gd) have emerged as microcontaminants in the natural waters of developed areas. Surface water samples of 13 urban lakes were collected in Wuhan, the largest city in central China, with a population of over 11 million. The aim of this study was to examine to what extent REE anomalies occur and the relationship between the concentration of anthropogenic REEs in lakes and the surrounding environment. In this study, based on land-use type and point of interest (POIs) data, buffer extraction, density estimation and Spearman correlation analysis were first proposed to identify different sources of anthropogenic REEs, which mainly included hospitals, factories, population, urban land and cropland. The PAAS-normalized REE patterns indicate that all lake samples display pronounced positive Sm and Gd anomalies, ranging from 5.92 to 19.88 and 1.73 to 14.97, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis showed that hospital density was positively correlated with anthropogenic Gd concentration, and a positive relationship between proportion of cropland and the concentration of anthropogenic Sm. By utilizing Gdanth, Smanth, and the conventional ion ratio (NO3-/Cl-), a three-dimensional tracer system was established, and the system accurately obtained a characterization of the impact of WWTPs, hospitals, factories and agriculture on the lakes. Moreover, the results from this hydrochemical method were consistent with the analysis of geographic information systems, which indicated that this anthropogenic contaminant as a tracer was reliable for analysing the source of urban water pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxue Liu
- The College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qixin Wu
- The College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Huipeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhuhong Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Disease Monitoring of Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Shilin Gao
- The College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Y, Wang G, Sun M, Liang X, He H, Zhu J, Takahashi Y. Environmental risk assessment of the potential "Chemical Time Bomb" of ion-adsorption type rare earth elements in urban areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153305. [PMID: 35074386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ion-adsorption type rare earth elements (REEs) located in tropical and subtropical zones have abundant movable and bioavailable ion-exchangeable REEs and could be an environmental hazard. However, our understanding of their environmental risk in urban areas is limited. We aimed to determine whether ion-adsorption type REEs in Guangzhou represent a kind of potential "Chemical Time Bomb" (CTB) and assess the environmental risk. We conducted a comprehensive survey of REEs in 181 samples including regolith (n = 70), surface water (n = 55), sediment (n = 25), vegetables (n = 22) and rhizosphere soil (n = 9), collected from five regions around Guangzhou, as a representative city of ion-adsorption type REEs in tropical and subtropical zones. The existing environmental risk was assessed by calculating the estimated daily intake (EDI) of REEs through vegetable consumption, and leaching simulation experiments were used to discuss the factors affecting the long-term stability of REEs. The average REEs concentrations (ΣREEs) in the regolith and sediment were 458.5 and 218.6 μg·g-1, respectively, which were higher than the background values of regolith (197.3 μg·g-1) and sediment (173.3 μg·g-1), and large proportions of ion-exchangeable REEs were observed in regolith and sediment, indicating that ion-adsorption type REEs in Guangzhou are a kind of potential CTB. The average ΣREEs in surface water (3.9 μg·L-1), rhizosphere soil (466.9 μg·g-1) and vegetables (25.0 μg·g-1·dw) suggest that REEs have migrated to the supergene environment even organisms. The average EDI (55.4 μg·kg-1·d-1) close to the safety limitation (70 μg·kg-1·d-1) suggests that the existing health risk is very worrisome. Human factors, including acid rain, mining and farming, probably ignite the CTB, causing the release of REEs to the urban environment on a large scale. This prospective study demonstrated that REEs exposure problems in urban areas of ion-adsorption type REEs should not be ignored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingqi Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongping He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianxi Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yoshio Takahashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Figueiredo C, Grilo TF, Lopes C, Brito P, Caetano M, Raimundo J. Lanthanum and Gadolinium availability in aquatic mediums: New insights to ecotoxicology and environmental studies. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 71:126957. [PMID: 35227975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Studies dealing with Rare Earth Elements (REE) ecotoxicological behavior are scattered and with potential conflicting results. Climate change impacts on aquatic biota and is known to modify contaminants toxicokinetic. Nevertheless, the current knowledge on the potential interactions between climate change and REE is virtually non-existent. Therefore, we focus our research on La and Gd as representatives of Light and Heavy REE that also are of great environmental concern. Experiments on different mediums (fresh-, brackish- and seawater) were designed to run at present-day and near-future conditions (T°=+4 °C, pH=△-0.4). Sampling was taken at different time scales from minutes to hours for one day. The main challenge was to evaluate the availability of La and Gd under environmental conditions closely related to climate changes scenarios. Furthermore, this study will contribute to the baseline knowledge by which future research towards understanding REE patterns and toxicity will build upon. Lanthanum and Gd behave differently with salinity. Temperature also affects the availability of dissolved La in freshwater. On the other hand, pH reduction causes the decrease of Gd in freshwater. In this medium, concentrations reduce sharply, presumably due to sorption processes or precipitates. In the brackish water experiment only the dissolved La levels in the Warming (T°=+4 °C) and Warming & Acidification (T°=+4 °C, pH=△0.4) diminished significantly through time. Dissolved La and Gd levels in seawater were relatively constant with time. The speciation of both elements is also of great relevance for ecotoxicological experiments. The trivalent free ions (La3+ and Gd3+) were the most common species in the trials. However, as ionic strength increases, the availability of other complexes rose, which should be subject of great attention for upcoming ecotoxicological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Figueiredo
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Tiago F Grilo
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Clara Lopes
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal
| | - Pedro Brito
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel Caetano
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Joana Raimundo
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cobanoglu H. Assessment of genetic damage induced by gadolinium-based radiocontrast agents. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 70:126914. [PMID: 34953388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today, although gadolinium based contrast agents have been frequently used in the field of medicine, there is limited data available whether gadolinium based agents affect the genome. AIM The present study aimed to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic potentials of gadoteric acid and gadoversetamide used as gadolinium-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIAL AND METHODS The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay was applied to human peripheral blood lymphocytes to assess the genotoxicity measured as micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge (NPBs) and nuclear bud (NBUDs) frequencies. Furthermore, cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI) was calculated to determine cytostasis. Lymphocytes were treated with gadoteric acid at concentrations of 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 25 mM and with gadoversetamide at concentrations of 0.25, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mM for 48 h. RESULTS Gadoteric acid did not cause significant increase in MN, NBPs and NBUDs frequencies and CBPI values at any concentration. Gadoversetamide induced significantly increase MN formation at concentration of 2.5 mM, NBP formation at concentrations of 1.0 and 2.5 mM, and NBUD formation at concentrations of 0.25, 1.0 and 2.5 mM. Additionally, gadoversetamide exposure resulted in statistically significant decrease in CBPI values compared to the control at concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 mM. In addition, CBPI levels in response to concentrations of gadoversetamide was negatively and significantly associated with concentration. CONCLUSION These findings show that gadoteric acid does not have genotoxic or cytotoxic potential, while gadoversetamide might have both genotoxic and cytotoxic potential on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. As a comparison, gadoversetamide was found more genotoxic and cytotoxic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayal Cobanoglu
- Vocational College of Health Services, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Andrade M, Soares AMVM, Solé M, Pereira E, Freitas R. Will climate changes enhance the impacts of e-waste in aquatic systems? CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132264. [PMID: 34624793 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increase of the worlds' population is being accompanied by the exponential growth in waste of electrical and electronic equipment (e-waste) generation as a result of the rapid technological implementations. The inappropriate processing and disposal of this e-waste, containing rare-earth elements (REEs) such as gadolinium (Gd), may enhance its occurrence in the environment. In particular, the presence of Gd in marine systems may lead to environmental risks which are still unknown, especially considering foreseen climate modifications such as water salinity shifts due to extreme weather events. Within this context, the present study intended to assess the combined effects of Gd at variable salinities. For that, biochemical modifications were assessed in mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, exposed to Gd (0 and 10 μg/L) and different salinity levels (20, 30 and 40), acting individually and in combination. A decrease in salinity, induced an array of biochemical effects associated to hypotonic stress in non-contaminated and contaminated mussels, including metabolism, antioxidant and biotransformation defenses activation. Moreover, in Gd-contaminated organisms, the increase in salinity was responsible for a significant reduction of metabolic and defense mechanisms, possibly associated with a mussels' physiological response to the stress caused by the combination of both factors. In particular, Gd caused cellular damage at all salinities, but mussels adopted different strategies under each salinity to limit the extent of oxidative stress. That is, an increase in metabolism was associated to hypotonic stress and Gd exposure, an activation of defense enzymes was revealed at the control salinity (30) and a decrease in metabolism and non-activation of defenses, associated with a possible physiological defense trait, was evidenced at the highest salinity. The different strategies adopted highlight the need to investigate the risk of emerging contaminants such as REEs at present and forecasted climate change scenarios, thus providing a more realistic environmental risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Andrade
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Montserrat Solé
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar ICM-CSIC, E-08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Departamento de Química & CESAM/LAQV-REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Aharchaou I, Bahloul F, Fortin C. Competition Among Trivalent Elements (Al, Eu, Fe, Gd, Nd, Tm, and Y) for Uptake in Algae and Applicability of the Biotic Ligand Model. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:612-620. [PMID: 33219836 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REE) are essential in many new technologies. While anthropogenic dispersion of REE into the environment are expected in the future, their biogeochemical fate and interactions at biological interfaces are still largely unexplored. Due to their chemical nature (generally trivalent and hard metals), REE can potentially compete among themselves or with other ubiquitous trivalent metals for uptake sites at the surface of aquatic organisms. In the current study, the bioavailability and uptake of gadolinium (Gd) was assessed in the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, while in the presence of various trivalent elements (Al, Eu, Fe, Nd, Tm, and Y). In the absence of competitors, Gd uptake was well described by a Michaelis-Menten equation with an affinity constant (KGd) of 107.1 and a maximum internalization flux (Jmax) of 1.95 ± 0.09 × 10-2 amol µm-2 min-1. Neither Al(III) nor Fe(III) had notable effects on Gd uptake in the conditions tested; however, Gd uptake was reduced with increasing concentrations of other REE. These had binding constants with uptake sites very similar to that of Gd (KNd, Y, Tm, Eu = 107.0). Our results suggest that the different REE likely share common transport sites and that the biotic ligand model (BLM) can be used to predict their uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Aharchaou
- ÉcotoQ, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - F Bahloul
- ÉcotoQ, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - C Fortin
- ÉcotoQ, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Briant N, Le Monier P, Bruzac S, Sireau T, Araújo DF, Grouhel A. Rare Earth Element in Bivalves' Soft Tissues of French Metropolitan Coasts: Spatial and Temporal Distribution. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:600-611. [PMID: 33710402 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REE) are becoming an environmental pollutant of emerging concern, linked to their use in various anthropic processes. Because REE bioconcentrate in marine organisms throughout their food webs, a better understanding of biogeochemical processes leading to REE concentrations found in coastal species is necessary. This study was designed to assess REEs concentrations in various common bivalves from the French coastline to identify possible geographic, taxonomic, or temporal variations of concentrations. Based on the French Mussel Watch program, three species of bivalves (oyster Crassostrea gigas and mussels Mytilus edulis and Mytilus galloprovincialis) were collected all along the French metropolitan coast and soft tissues were analyzed for REE concentrations. Results have shown higher REE concentrations in bivalve soft tissues near estuaries without taxonomic nor national geographic differences. The highest levels have been observed in the Gironde estuary with total REE concentrations (∑REE) in oysters up to 10.94 µg g-1 d.w. The REE distribution pattern in both mussel species described a particle-like (inverse V-shape) pattern, whereas C. gigas REE distribution pattern changes from a particle-like to a dissolved-like pattern with a heavy REE (HREE) enrichment. However, no environmental parameter could be linked to these pattern changes. Finally, neither Gd anomalies nor an evolution of REE concentrations over a 30-year period have been detected in bivalves' soft tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Briant
- Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques, Ifremer, Centre Atlantique, 44311, Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - Pauline Le Monier
- Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques, Ifremer, Centre Atlantique, 44311, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Sandrine Bruzac
- Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques, Ifremer, Centre Atlantique, 44311, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Teddy Sireau
- Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques, Ifremer, Centre Atlantique, 44311, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Daniel F Araújo
- Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques, Ifremer, Centre Atlantique, 44311, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Anne Grouhel
- Unité Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie, ROCCH, Ifremer, Centre Atlantique, 44311, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
El Zrelli R, Baliteau JY, Yacoubi L, Castet S, Grégoire M, Fabre S, Sarazin V, Daconceicao L, Courjault-Radé P, Rabaoui L. Rare earth elements characterization associated to the phosphate fertilizer plants of Gabes (Tunisia, Central Mediterranean Sea): Geochemical properties and behavior, related economic losses, and potential hazards. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148268. [PMID: 34139493 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study on the behavior and industrial fluxes of rare earth elements (REE) in the coastal fertilizer plants of Gabes (south-eastern Tunisia), the economic losses related to their wastes, and their environmental and human health hazards. The concentrations of 16 REE were assessed in phosphate rock (PR), phosphogypsum (PG) and phosphogypsum foam (PGF) samples, collected from Gabes plants. REE concentrations ranged from 0.23 (for Sc in PG) to 309.33 mg kg-1 (for Ce in PGF). Ce was the most abundant in the three matrices, with concentrations ranging between 80.40 (in PG) and 309.33 mg kg-1 (in PGF). PGF was the most enriched with REE (1075.32 mg kg-1). The annual flow of REE from the fertilizer factories to the marine environment may reach 1523.67 t. The economic losses related to the discharge of phosphogypsum REE in the Gulf of Gabes (GG) was estimated at ~58 million US$ y-1. The potential hazards of discharged REE on the local environment and human health were also evaluated and discussed. These findings show the need for the development of a new industry exploiting REE from phosphogypsum wastes (short term) and phosphate ores (long term) which should lead to reduce its high environmental and human health footprint and to potential economic gains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sylvie Castet
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université de Toulouse, UMR 5563 CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Grégoire
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université de Toulouse, UMR 5563 CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Fabre
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Vivien Sarazin
- SADEF, 30 Rue de la Station, 68700 Aspach-Le-Bas, France
| | | | - Pierre Courjault-Radé
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université de Toulouse, UMR 5563 CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Lotfi Rabaoui
- Center for Environment & Marine Studies, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Trapasso G, Chiesa S, Freitas R, Pereira E. What do we know about the ecotoxicological implications of the rare earth element gadolinium in aquatic ecosystems? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 781:146273. [PMID: 33813143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd) is one of the most commercially exploited rare earth elements, commonly employed in magnetic resonance imaging as a contrast agent. The present review was performed aiming to identify the Gd concentrations in marine and freshwater environments. In addition, information on Gd speciation in the environment is discussed, in order to understand how each chemical form affects its fate in the environment. Biological responses caused by Gd exposure and its bioaccumulation in different aquatic invertebrates are also discussed. This review was devoted to aquatic invertebrates, since this group of organisms includes species widely used as bioindicators of pollution and they represent important resources for human socio-economic development, as edible seafood, fishing baits and providing food resources for other species. From the literature, most of the published data are focused on freshwater environments, revealing concentrations from 0.347 to 80 μg/L, with the highest Gd anomalies found close to highly industrialized areas. In marine environments, the published studies identified a range of concentrations between 0.36 and 26.9 ng/L (2.3 and 171.4 pmol/kg), reaching 409.4 ng/L (2605 pmol/kg) at a submarine outfall. Concerning the bioaccumulation and effects of Gd in aquatic species, most of the literature regards to freshwater species, revealing concentration ranging from 0.006 to 0.223 μg/g, with high variability in the bioaccumulation extent according to Gd complexes chemical speciation. Conversely, no field data concerning Gd bioaccumulation in tissues of marine species have been published. Finally, impacts of Gd in invertebrate aquatic species were identified at different biological levels, including alterations on gene expression, cellular homeostasis, shell formation, metabolic capacity and antioxidant mechanisms. The information here presented highlights that Gd may represent an environmental threat and a risk to human health, demonstrating the need for further research on Gd toxicity towards aquatic wildlife and the necessity for new water remediation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Trapasso
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Italy
| | - Stefania Chiesa
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Italy; ISPRA, The Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Departamento de Química & REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Trapasso G, Coppola F, Queirós V, Henriques B, Soares AMVM, Pereira E, Chiesa S, Freitas R. How Ulva lactuca can influence the impacts induced by the rare earth element Gadolinium in Mytilus galloprovincialis? The role of macroalgae in water safety towards marine wildlife. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112101. [PMID: 33765593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are gaining growing attention in environmental and ecotoxicological studies due to their economic relevance, wide range of applications and increasing environmental concentrations. Among REEs, special consideration should be given to Gadolinium (Gd), whose wide exploitation as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent is enhancing the risk of its occurrence in aquatic environments and impacts on aquatic organisms. A promising approach for water decontamination from REEs is sorption, namely through the use of macroalgae and in particular Ulva lactuca that already proved to be an efficient biosorbent for several chemical elements. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of Gd, comparing the biochemical effects induced by this element in the presence or absence of algae. Using the bivalve species Mytilus galloprovincialis, Gd toxicity was evaluated by assessing changes on mussels' metabolic capacity and oxidative status. Results clearly showed the toxicity of Gd but further revealed the capacity of U. lactuca to prevent injuries to M. galloprovincialis, mainly reducing the levels of Gd in water and thus the bioaccumulation and toxicity of this element by the mussels. The results will advance the state of the art not only regarding the effects of REEs but also with regard to the role of algae in accumulation of metals and protection of aquatic organisms, generating new insights on water safety towards aquatic wildlife and highlighting the possibility for resources recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Trapasso
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Mestre, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Francesca Coppola
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Queirós
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; LAVQ-REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; LAVQ-REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Stefania Chiesa
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Mestre, 30172 Venice, Italy; ISPRA, The Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Itoh A, Yaida A, Zhu Y. Potential Anthropogenic Pollution of High-technology Metals with a Focus on Rare Earth Elements in Environmental Water. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:131-143. [PMID: 33162416 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20sar16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the utilization of high-technology metals such as rare earth elements (REEs), which exist in extremely low quantities in the Earth, has rapidly increased with the development of new types of industrial materials and pharmaceutical products. This review provides an overview of a new type of potential anthropogenic pollution caused by high-technology metals, with a focus on REEs released into environmental waters from waste treatment plants. In this paper, potential anthropogenic pollution was defined as pollution caused by metals gradually enriched in the environment by human activity, although standard and guideline concentrations of these elements are not regulated by environmental quality standards for water pollution. We review the analytical methods of REEs and the potential anthropogenic pollution of REEs with a focus on Gd, from the viewpoints of a comparison of the degree of Gd anomaly, chemical speciation, ecotoxicology, and bioaccessibility. Moreover, we also highlight the comprehensive analysis based on multielement analysis of high-technology metals as well as REEs for the further screening for potential anthropogenic pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihide Itoh
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.
| | - Akane Yaida
- Graduate School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yanbei Zhu
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Louis P, Messaoudene A, Jrad H, Abdoul-Hamid BA, Vignati DAL, Pons MN. Understanding Rare Earth Elements concentrations, anomalies and fluxes at the river basin scale: The Moselle River (France) as a case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140619. [PMID: 32721741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities linked to various new technologies are increasingly disrupting REEs biogeochemical cycles. A catchment-based perspective is therefore necessary to distinguish between natural (i.e., changes in lithology) and human-related sources of REEs variability. In the present study, REEs patterns, anomalies and fluxes were investigated in the French part of the Moselle River basin (Moselle River itself and some of its headstreams and tributaries). The REEs patterns in the headstream waters were highly variable and mostly related to the complex underlying lithology (granite, sandstone, tuff and graywacke). Along the Moselle River, the presence of positive Gd anomalies and a regular LREEs depletion/HREEs enrichment pattern on sandstone/limestone substrates were the most distinctive features. The Gd anomaly varied from 1.8 to 8.7, with anthropogenic Gd representing 45 to 88% of the total Gd. A linear relationship was obtained between the anthropogenic Gd flux and the cumulative population along the watershed. However, the magnitude of the Gd anomalies was shown to depend on the methodological approach chosen for their calculation. The use of a threshold value to identify the presence of an anthropogenic Gd anomaly may therefore be basin (and lithology) dependent, and care has to be taken in comparing results from different rivers or lithologies. Concentration of anthropogenic Gd in the Moselle River and its tributaries were close to, or above, the value of 20 ng/L reported in literature to elicit adverse biological effects in laboratory cell cultures. The ecotoxicological significance of Gd anomalies deserves further investigation because concentrations of anthropogenic Gd may also vary depending on the methodological approach used for calculating Gd anomalies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Louis
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Hayfa Jrad
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Marie-Noëlle Pons
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France; LTSER-Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, LRGP, 54000 Nancy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu M. Lifecycle of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 53:1295-1299. [PMID: 32989902 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Liu
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pereto C, Coynel A, Lerat-Hardy A, Gourves PY, Schäfer J, Baudrimont M. Corbicula fluminea: A sentinel species for urban Rare Earth Element origin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 732:138552. [PMID: 32422480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the global population, coupled with growing consumption of Rare Earth Elements (REEs), has led to increasing transfer of these emerging contaminants into the environment, particularly through the effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The objectives of this study were to determine the geochemical quality of a French river subject to strong urban pressure (the Jalle River in the Bordeaux area) and to examine the bioavailability of natural and anthropogenic REEs in a model species of freshwater bivalve, the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea. To this end, two fractions (dissolved and total) of the water from the Jalle River were sampled and the bivalves were exposed by in situ caging during a three-month monitoring period. The REE patterns obtained showed the presence of Gadolinium (Gd) anomalies in the dissolved and total fractions as well as in Corbicula fluminea. The apparent bioavailability of natural REEs was in the following order for the dissolved fraction: Medium REEs (MREEs) > Light REEs (LREEs) > Heavy REEs (HREEs) and for the particulate fraction: MREEs > LREEs = HREEs. These results highlight the importance of the particulate fraction in the study of the bioavailability of REEs in bivalves. An increase of anthropogenic Gd (Gdanth) was observed in the dissolved fraction between the upstream site (3.4 ng.L-1) and the WWTP Downstream site (48.4 ng.L-1). The Gd anomaly observed in the water was also observed in Corbicula fluminea with a significant increase in the bioaccumulation of Gdanth, from 1.5 ± 1 ng.gDW-1 upstream to 4.1 ± 0.7 ng.gDW-1 downstream of the WWTP effluents, thus confirming the enhanced bioavailability of medical-origin Gd to freshwater bivalves. This study strongly suggests that Corbicula fluminea can be used as a sentinel species in the monitoring of Gd contamination of medical origin. It would thus appear important to consider the potential entry of this contaminant into the human food chain via other, commercially exploited bivalve species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Pereto
- Université de Bordeaux, - UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât NB18 - CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Alexandra Coynel
- Université de Bordeaux, - UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât NB18 - CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Antoine Lerat-Hardy
- Université de Bordeaux, - UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât NB18 - CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Pierre-Yves Gourves
- Université de Bordeaux, - UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât NB18 - CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Jörg Schäfer
- Université de Bordeaux, - UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât NB18 - CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Magalie Baudrimont
- Université de Bordeaux, - UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât NB18 - CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Altomare AJ, Young NA, Beazley MJ. A preliminary survey of anthropogenic gadolinium in water and sediment of a constructed wetland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 255:109897. [PMID: 31783213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd) is a rare earth element used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents that has recently been identified as an emerging contaminant of concern due to its possible toxic effects and accumulation in the environment. The objectives of this preliminary study were to determine the occurrence and fate of Gd in surface water and sediment of a constructed wetland that receives effluent from a wastewater treatment plant. The rate of anthropogenic Gd entering the wetland was determined to be approximately 25 g Gd day-1, with surface water concentrations in the parts per trillion. Anthropogenic Gd concentrations in surface waters decreased as a function of distance from the inlet site to near the outfall, and were three orders of magnitude higher in sediment than in surface water suggesting that the wetland was providing a sink for Gd possibly through plant uptake and incorporation in organic biomass. An anthropogenic Gd anomaly was observed with an average GdAnt/GdGeo ratio of 5.34. Sediment with higher total organic carbon (TOC) tended to be higher in anthropogenic Gd, suggesting that Gd sequestration may occur through uptake by plants and/or through flocculation and deposition of natural organic matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Altomare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, 4111 Libra Drive, Room 255, Florida, 32816, USA.
| | - Nicholas A Young
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, 4111 Libra Drive, Room 255, Florida, 32816, USA.
| | - Melanie J Beazley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, 4111 Libra Drive, Room 255, Florida, 32816, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pastorino P, Brizio P, Abete MC, Bertoli M, Oss Noser AG, Piazza G, Prearo M, Elia AC, Pizzul E, Squadrone S. Macrobenthic invertebrates as tracers of rare earth elements in freshwater watercourses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134282. [PMID: 31505361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are emergent contaminants in aquatic ecosystems in parallel with their growing use in science, technology, and industry. In this study we measured the concentration of 16 REEs in freshwater marcobenthic invertebrates from 6 watercourses in northeast Italy to determine their potential use as ecological tracers of REEs in aquatic ecosystems. The total REE concentration at the sampling sites followed this order: site 6 (7.05 mg Kg-1) > site 3 (5.76 mg Kg-1) > site 4 (3.58 mg Kg-1) > site 1 (3.0 mg Kg-1) > site 5 (2.36 mg Kg-1) > site 2 (1.95 mg Kg-1). There were no significant differences in REE concentrations across the six samplings sites (Kruskal Wallis test, p = 0.1773), but two (site 3 and 6) had higher amount of REEs and were classified with the ecological status "Moderate" sensu Water Framework Directive since affected by anthropogenic activities. Light REE were always greater than heavy REE concentrations at all six sites. A positive correlation was observed between certain REEs (La, Ce, Gd) and the density of genera Caenis and Baetis (Ehemeroptera, collector-gatherers) (ρS range 0.795-0.812), suggesting that non-predatory macrobenthic invertebrates accumulate more REEs than predatory organisms and that the intake of sediment is the most effective route of assimilation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pastorino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy; The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.
| | - Paola Brizio
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Bertoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna Giulia Oss Noser
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Piazza
- Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Friuli-Venezia Giulia (ARPA FVG), via Colugna 42, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Antonia Concetta Elia
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pizzul
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefania Squadrone
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Parant M, Sohm B, Flayac J, Perrat E, Chuburu F, Cadiou C, Rosin C, Cossu-Leguille C. Impact of gadolinium-based contrast agents on the growth of fish cells lines. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109385. [PMID: 31260918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study was the first approach conducted under environmental concentrations of Gd-DOTA and Gd-DTPA-BMA to assess cellular impacts of these compounds. Gd-DOTA (Gadoteric acid) is one of the most stable contrast agent, currently used as Dotarem® formulation during Magnetic Resonance Imaging exams. The study was mainly performed on a Zebra Fish cell line (ZF4; ATCC CRL-2050). At the concentrations of 0.127 nM and 63.59 nM (respectively 20 ng and 10 μg of Gd/L), we did not observed any toxicity of Dotarem® but a slowdown of the cell growth was clearly measured. The effect is independent of medium renewing during 6 days of cell culturing. The same effect was observed i-with Gd-DOTA on another fish cell line (RT W1 gills; ATCC CRL-2523) and ii-with another contrast agent (Gd-DTPA-BMA - Omniscan®) on ZF4 cells. On the ZF4 cell line, the diminution of the cell growth was of the same order during 20 days of exposure to a culture medium spiked with 63.59 nM of Dotarem® and was reversible within the following 8 days when Dotarem® was removed from the medium. As shown by using modified DOTA structure (Zn-DOTA), the effect may be due to the chelating structure of the contrast agent rather than to the Gd ion. Until now, the main attention concerning the impact of Gd-CA on living cells concerned the hazard due to Gd release. According to our results, quantifying the presence of Gd-CA chelating structures in aquatic environments must be also monitored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Parant
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), UMR 7360 Campus Bridoux, Bâtiment IBiSE, 8, rue du Général Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France.
| | - B Sohm
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), UMR 7360 Campus Bridoux, Bâtiment IBiSE, 8, rue du Général Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France
| | - J Flayac
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), UMR 7360 Campus Bridoux, Bâtiment IBiSE, 8, rue du Général Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France
| | - E Perrat
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), UMR 7360 Campus Bridoux, Bâtiment IBiSE, 8, rue du Général Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France
| | - F Chuburu
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims - ICMR, UMR 7312, Equipe Chimie de Coordination, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Moulin de la Housse, BP1039, 51687, Reims, cedex 2, France
| | - C Cadiou
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims - ICMR, UMR 7312, Equipe Chimie de Coordination, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Moulin de la Housse, BP1039, 51687, Reims, cedex 2, France
| | - C Rosin
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du 11 Travail (ANSES), Laboratoire d'Hydrologie de Nancy, 40 rue Lionnois, 54000, Nancy, 12, France
| | - C Cossu-Leguille
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), UMR 7360 Campus Bridoux, Bâtiment IBiSE, 8, rue du Général Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang C, Liu D, Shi K, Liu C, Lyu K, Chen J, Wang X. Gadolinium accumulation, distribution, chemical forms, and influence on the growth of rice seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 179:265-271. [PMID: 31059993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The content of gadolinium (Gd) is continuously increased in environment, which potentially threatens human health and ecological equilibrium. However, the phytotoxicity of Gd on plants remains unknown until now. In this study, the accumulation, distribution, and chemical forms of Gd as well as its influence on growth and nutrient balance were systematically studied in rice seedlings after the treatments of different concentrations of Gd (0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 μM) for 10 days. The results showed that most Gd was accumulated in the roots and only a little percentage of Gd was transported to shoots. The accumulation of Gd was increased in a dose-dependent manner in various chemical forms and subcellular fractions. More than 80% of Gd was in the forms of insoluble oxalates and phosphates. Gd was mainly compartmentalized in the cell wall, and the content of Gd was increased with increasing concentrations of Gd. In addition, hormetic effects of Gd were found on rice growth. The growth of rice was induced by the lower concentration of Gd, but inhibited by the higher concentration of Gd. The results indicated that rice seedlings could cope with Gd toxicity through cell wall compartmentalization as well as forming of precipitates with oxalate and phosphate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China
| | - Dongwu Liu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Kailun Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China
| | - Chengkun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China
| | - Keliang Lyu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Le Goff S, Barrat JA, Chauvaud L, Paulet YM, Gueguen B, Ben Salem D. Compound-specific recording of gadolinium pollution in coastal waters by great scallops. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8015. [PMID: 31142781 PMCID: PMC6541655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44539-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), routinely used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), end up directly in coastal seawaters where gadolinium concentrations are now increasing. Because many aquatic species could be sensitive to this new pollution, we have evaluated the possibility of using shellfish to assess its importance. Gadolinium excesses recorded by scallop shells collected in Bay of Brest (Brittany, France) for more than 30 years do not reflect the overall consumption in GBCAs, but are largely controlled by one of them, the gadopentetate dimeglumine. Although its use has been greatly reduced in Europe over the last ten years, gadolinium excesses are still measured in shells. Thus, some gadolinium derived from other GBCAs is bioavailable and could have an impact on marine wildlife.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Le Goff
- Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (UMR CNRS 6538), Université de Bretagne Occidentale et Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Jean-Alix Barrat
- Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (UMR CNRS 6538), Université de Bretagne Occidentale et Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Laurent Chauvaud
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR CNRS 6539), LIA BeBEST, Université de Bretagne Occidentale et Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Yves-Marie Paulet
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR CNRS 6539), LIA BeBEST, Université de Bretagne Occidentale et Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Bleuenn Gueguen
- UMS CNRS 3113, Université de Bretagne Occidentale et Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Douraied Ben Salem
- LaTIM (INSERM UMR 1101) Université de Bretagne Occidentale. 22, avenue C. Desmoulins, 29238, Brest Cedex 3, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Henriques B, Coppola F, Monteiro R, Pinto J, Viana T, Pretti C, Soares A, Freitas R, Pereira E. Toxicological assessment of anthropogenic Gadolinium in seawater: Biochemical effects in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 664:626-634. [PMID: 30763843 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, anthropogenic enrichment of rare earth elements (REEs) have been reported in natural environments, due to increasing use and discharges of hospital/industrial wastewaters. Gadolinium (Gd), which is mainly used as contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging in medical exams, may reach concentrations in water up to two orders of magnitude larger than baseline levels. Nevertheless, in marine systems scarce information is available concerning the toxicity of REE towards inhabiting organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical impact of anthropogenic Gd in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, which is a species of commercial interest and one of the most accepted pollution bioindicator. Organisms were exposed to different concentrations of Gd (0, 15, 30, 60, 120 μg/L) for 28 days. At the end of the experiments, biomarkers related to mussels' metabolic (electron transport system activity and energy reserves content), oxidative stress status (cellular damage and the activity of antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes) and neurotoxic effects (activity of the enzyme Acetylcholinesterase) were measured, as well as Gd bioconcentration in organisms. Results showed a high content of Gd (2.5 ± 0.50 μg/g) in mussels exposed to the highest concentration, contrary to those at control condition and at 15 and 30 μg/L of Gd (levels below 0.38 μg/g). Although no mortality was observed during the experimental period, exposure to Gd strongly affected the biochemical performance of M. galloprovincialis, including the decrease on mussels' metabolism, induction of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity, particularly evidenced at intermediate concentrations. These results may indicate that up to certain stressful levels, although lowering their metabolism, organisms may be able to activate defence strategies to avoid cellular injuries which, on the other hand, may compromise mussels physiological performance such as growth and reproduction success. Nevertheless, our findings support that the widespread utilization of Gd may represent an environmental risk in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Henriques
- Departamento de Química & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francesca Coppola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Pisa 56122, Italy
| | - Rui Monteiro
- Departamento de Química & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Pinto
- Departamento de Química & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Thainara Viana
- Departamento de Química & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Pisa 56122, Italy
| | - Amadeu Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Departamento de Química & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rodríguez-Hernández Á, Zumbado M, Henríquez-Hernández LA, Boada LD, Luzardo OP. Dietary Intake of Essential, Toxic, and Potentially Toxic Elements from Mussels ( Mytilus spp.) in the Spanish Population: A Nutritional Assessment. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040864. [PMID: 30999592 PMCID: PMC6521244 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The levels of forty-three elements were determined in fresh, preserved, and frozen mussels (n = 208) with the purpose of evaluating their contribution to the recommended dietary intake of essential elements and their potential risk to Spanish consumers’ health. We found relevant differences in the element content in relation to the mode of conservation of mussels as well as in relation to their geographical origin, brand, or mode of production. According to our estimates, mussels are important contributors to the intake of most essential elements, contributing almost 70% of daily requirements of Se, 30–35% of Mo, Zn, and Co, and around 15% of Fe. At the same time, the pattern of average consumption of mussels in Spain does not seem to imply an excessive risk associated with any of the 36 toxic elements studied. However, it should be noted that, in the high percentile of consumption the exposure to Cd and As may be high, in particular that associated with the consumption of fresh and/or frozen mussels. According to the results of this study, a moderate consumption of mussels can be recommended as a valuable and safe source of trace elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Rodríguez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lerat-Hardy A, Coynel A, Dutruch L, Pereto C, Bossy C, Gil-Diaz T, Capdeville MJ, Blanc G, Schäfer J. Rare Earth Element fluxes over 15 years into a major European Estuary (Garonne-Gironde, SW France): Hospital effluents as a source of increasing gadolinium anomalies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:409-420. [PMID: 30513431 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
New and rapidly developing technologies imply the emission of emerging potentially toxic contaminants such as Rare Earth Elements (REEs). Yet, the lithology-derived quantities and anthropogenic contributions, especially from urban areas, to annual REE fluxes into fluvial-estuarine systems remain widely unknown. The Garonne River drains water from ~20% of the French land surface hosting about 5,200,000 inhabitants and two large cities. Based on long-term monitoring (2003-2017) of water discharges and dissolved REEs concentrations at the outlet of the Garonne Watershed upstream from Bordeaux, this study aims at assessing REE anomalies and evaluating temporal evolution of annual dissolved REE fluxes into the Gironde Estuary. Additionally, potential urban sources (e.g. domestic, medical) in the urban area of Bordeaux (1,190,000 inhab.) were analyzed to evaluate respective signatures and contributions. Gadolinium (Gd) showed clear anomalies in all samples, with annual average anthropogenic concentrations ranging from 1.8 to 7.2 ng·L-1 (0.011 to 0.046 nmol·L-1) in the Garonne River. If variations in annual Gd fluxes depend on hydrology, anthropogenic Gd fluxes have shown an overall increasing trend from 32 kg·year-1 (204 mol·year-1) in 2003 to 75 kg·year-1 (475 mol·year-1) in 2017. Sewer waters from the third largest hospital complex of France, the hospital group Pellegrin, contributed 25% to the incoming daily Gd flux into Bordeaux major Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP), owed to Gd use as contrast agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Due to weak removal efficiency in the WWTP, the Bordeaux Metropole significantly contributes (>27 kg·year-1; 172 mol·year-1) to Gd fluxes in the Gironde Estuary. The temporal evolution of anthropogenic Gd fluxes in the Garonne River may be related with the growing regional population and the increasing number of MRI instruments, highlighting the importance of new high-tech applications in urban areas on contaminant fluxes and their potential harmful effects in fluvial-estuarine systems in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Lerat-Hardy
- Université de Bordeaux - UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât NB18 - CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Alexandra Coynel
- Université de Bordeaux - UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât NB18 - CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Lionel Dutruch
- Université de Bordeaux - UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât NB18 - CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Clément Pereto
- Université de Bordeaux - UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât NB18 - CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Cécile Bossy
- Université de Bordeaux - UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât NB18 - CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Teba Gil-Diaz
- Université de Bordeaux - UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât NB18 - CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Marion-Justine Capdeville
- SUEZ - Le LyRE, Domaine du Haut-Carré, Bâtiment C4, 43 rue Pierre Noailles, 33405 Talence Cedex, France.
| | - Gérard Blanc
- Université de Bordeaux - UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât NB18 - CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Jörg Schäfer
- Université de Bordeaux - UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât NB18 - CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Parant M, Perrat E, Wagner P, Rosin C, Py JS, Cossu-Leguille C. Variations of anthropogenic gadolinium in rivers close to waste water treatment plant discharges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:36207-36222. [PMID: 30362040 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth element (REE) concentrations were determined for 22 sites sampled during two water periods: high flow in winter and low flow in summer. Shale-normalized REE patterns of all samples displayed positive gadolinium (Gd) anomalies. They revealed a widespread contamination of anthropogenic Gd (Gdant) from waste water treatment plant (WWTP) outputs to catchment areas used for drinking water. No significant variations in Gdant were observed between the two flow water periods, but differences in the Gd anomalies were present. However, these differences seem to be associated rather with seasonal variations in the river flow rate than with the release of GdAnt from WWTPs. In proximity to WWTP discharges, strong GdAnt variations ranged from few nanograms per litre to more than 80 μg L-1 and rarely showed a repetitive pattern day after day during 14 days. These concentrations were diluted into the river stream and measured around 10 ng L-1 close to the catchment areas used for drinking water. A principal component analysis (PCA) using the GdAnt concentrations and some classical physicochemical parameters (pH, water temperature, total alkalinity (TA), total organic carbon (TOC), biochemical and chemical oxygen demand (BOD and COD), Cl-, NO3- and SO42-) allowed a site separation according to the level of Gd contamination, highlighting that the highest GdAnt concentrations were found in the north of the region Lorraine (France) where the population density is high and most of the MRI examinations are performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Parant
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, LIEC UMR 7360, Bât P7, Université de Lorraine, Campus Bridoux, 8, rue du Général Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France.
| | - Emilie Perrat
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, LIEC UMR 7360, Bât P7, Université de Lorraine, Campus Bridoux, 8, rue du Général Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Philippe Wagner
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, LIEC UMR 7360, Bât P7, Université de Lorraine, Campus Bridoux, 8, rue du Général Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Christophe Rosin
- Laboratoire d'Hydrologie de Nancy, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire Alimentation - Environnement - Travail, 40 rue Lionnois, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Sebastien Py
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire Alimentation - Environnement - Travail, 40 rue Lionnois, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Carole Cossu-Leguille
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, LIEC UMR 7360, Bât P7, Université de Lorraine, Campus Bridoux, 8, rue du Général Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhao L, Liu L. Assessing the impact of lanthanum on the bivalve Corbicula fluminea in the Rhine River. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:830-839. [PMID: 29879669 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic lanthanum predominantly derived from a point source has become an emerging contaminant in the Rhine River, but little is known about its ecotoxicological consequences on bivalve mollusks. A fundamental requirement of aquatic invertebrate adaptation and survival in stressful habitats is the maintenance of energy homeostasis. As such, the present study tested the impact of four dissolved La concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 200 μM) on the energy balance of the bivalve Corbicula fluminea in the Rhine River. Bivalves were collected at four sampling sites which were contaminated by La to different degrees, thereby allowing to understand the degree of their potential acclimation. With increasing exposure dose, shell and somatic growth (the most energetically expensive biological processes) decreased significantly in clams inhabited the control (uncontaminated) habitat; while less pronounced impacts were evident in all three contaminated sites. In particular, the latter showed virtually unaffected energy (glycogen and protein) reserves. An elucidation of shifts in the organismal energy budget may shed light on such improvement of growth performance. Irrespective of sampling sites, short-term exposure to La caused significant increases of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion, indicating that the clams promoted their energy metabolism and thereby allocated more energy to essential physiological processes. Noteworthily, the clams originating from contaminated sites displayed virtually unaffected clearance rate, thereby being able to partially fulfill the increased energy demand and eventually alleviating the La-induced physiological interference. Taken together, findings of the present study demonstrate that whether, and to what extent, C. fluminea is able to sustain its energy homeostasis play a central role in the phenotypic plasticity and/or genetic adaptation in the face of anthropogenic La contamination in the Rhine River.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhao
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany; Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8564, Japan.
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 516032, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gwenzi W, Mangori L, Danha C, Chaukura N, Dunjana N, Sanganyado E. Sources, behaviour, and environmental and human health risks of high-technology rare earth elements as emerging contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:299-313. [PMID: 29709849 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show that high-technology rare earth elements (REEs) of anthropogenic origin occur in the environment including in aquatic systems, suggesting REEs are contaminants of emerging concern. However, compared to organic contaminants, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on the anthropogenic sources, environmental behaviour, and public and ecological health risks of REEs. The current review aims to: (1) identify anthropogenic sources, transfer mechanisms, and environmental behaviour of REEs; (2) highlight the human and ecological health risks of REEs and propose mitigation measures; and (3) identify knowledge gaps and future research directions. Out of the 17 REEs, La, Gd, Ce and Eu are the most studied. The main sources of anthropogenic REE include; medical facilities, petroleum refining, mining and technology industries, fertilizers, livestock feeds, and electronic wastes and recycling plants. REEs are mobilized and transported in the environment by hydrological and wind-driven processes. Ecotoxicological effects include reduced plant growth, function and nutritional quality, genotoxicity and neurotoxicity in animals, trophic bioaccumulation, chronic and acute toxicities in soil organisms. Human exposure to REEs occurs via ingestion of contaminated water and food, inhalation, and direct intake during medical administration. REEs have been detected in human hair, nails, and biofluids. In humans, REEs cause nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and severe damage to nephrological systems associated with Gd-based contrast agents, dysfunctional neurological disorder, fibrotic tissue injury, oxidative stress, pneumoconiosis, cytotoxicity, anti-testicular effects, and male sterility. Barring REEs in medical devices, epidemiological evidence directly linking REEs in the environment to human health conditions remains weak. To minimize health risks, a conceptual framework and possible mitigation measures are highlighted. Future research is needed to better understand sources, environmental behaviour, ecotoxicology, and human epidemiology. Moreover, research on REEs in developing regions, including Africa, is needed given prevailing conditions predisposing humans to health risks (e.g., untreated drinking water).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Lynda Mangori
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Technology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Private Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Concilia Danha
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Technology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Private Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nothando Dunjana
- Department of Soil Science, Marondera University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, P. Bag 35, Marondera, Zimbabwe
| | - Edmond Sanganyado
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China 515063
| |
Collapse
|